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#* {{RQ:izh:Junus:1936|Heil kera ono oma dialekta, mut senen dialektan materialat kera tähä kirjaa '''evät joutuneet'''.|They, too, have [their] own dialect, but the materials of this dialect '''were''' also '''not included''' in this book.|page=3}} |
#* {{RQ:izh:Junus:1936|Heil kera ono oma dialekta, mut senen dialektan materialat kera tähä kirjaa '''evät joutuneet'''.|They, too, have [their] own dialect, but the materials of this dialect '''were''' also '''not included''' in this book.|page=3}} |
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# {{lb|izh|intransitive|_|+ illative}} to [[hit]]; to [[strike]] |
# {{lb|izh|intransitive|_|+ illative}} to [[hit]]; to [[strike]] |
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====Conjugation==== |
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{{izh-conj/ampua|out|ovv}} |
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===References=== |
===References=== |
Revision as of 13:58, 7 August 2022
Finnish
Etymology
Originally a passive verb, derived from joutaa + -ua.
Pronunciation
Verb
joutua
- (intransitive + illative) to get (into a negative position or situation)
- Hän joutui vaikeuksiin.
- S/he got into trouble.
- Hän joutui sairaalahoitoon.
- S/he had to be hospitalized.
- (intransitive + illative) to end up in (involuntarily, in a place considered negative)
- Dokumentit joutuivat roskakoriin.
- The documents ended up in a trashcan.
- (intransitive, auxiliary, + active 3rd infinitive in illative) to be forced (to do something)
- Presidentti joutui eroamaan.
- The President was forced to resign.
- Tulehtunut jalka jouduttiin amputoimaan.
- The infected leg had to be amputated.
- (intransitive) to hurry up, make haste; to move along; to come, arrive
- Koeta nyt joutua!
- Hurry up, please!
- Joudupa jo sieltä!
- Come on already!
- Matka joutuu ripeästi.
- The journey is moving along speedily.
- Kohta joutuu jo syksy.
- Autumn will arrive soon.
Usage notes
- (to get; to end up in; to be forced to do): Joutua expresses always an involuntary movement towards something — abstractly or concretely — or an involuntary action.
Conjugation
Inflection of joutua (Kotus type 52*F/sanoa, t-d gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | joudun | en joudu | 1st sing. | olen joutunut | en ole joutunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | joudut | et joudu | 2nd sing. | olet joutunut | et ole joutunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | joutuu | ei joudu | 3rd sing. | on joutunut | ei ole joutunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | joudumme | emme joudu | 1st plur. | olemme joutuneet | emme ole joutuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | joudutte | ette joudu | 2nd plur. | olette joutuneet | ette ole joutuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | joutuvat | eivät joudu | 3rd plur. | ovat joutuneet | eivät ole joutuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | joudutaan | ei jouduta | passive | on jouduttu | ei ole jouduttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | jouduin | en joutunut | 1st sing. | olin joutunut | en ollut joutunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | jouduit | et joutunut | 2nd sing. | olit joutunut | et ollut joutunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | joutui | ei joutunut | 3rd sing. | oli joutunut | ei ollut joutunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | jouduimme | emme joutuneet | 1st plur. | olimme joutuneet | emme olleet joutuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | jouduitte | ette joutuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte joutuneet | ette olleet joutuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | joutuivat | eivät joutuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat joutuneet | eivät olleet joutuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | jouduttiin | ei jouduttu | passive | oli jouduttu | ei ollut jouduttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | joutuisin | en joutuisi | 1st sing. | olisin joutunut | en olisi joutunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | joutuisit | et joutuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit joutunut | et olisi joutunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | joutuisi | ei joutuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi joutunut | ei olisi joutunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | joutuisimme | emme joutuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme joutuneet | emme olisi joutuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | joutuisitte | ette joutuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte joutuneet | ette olisi joutuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | joutuisivat | eivät joutuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat joutuneet | eivät olisi joutuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | jouduttaisiin | ei jouduttaisi | passive | olisi jouduttu | ei olisi jouduttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | joudu | älä joudu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | joutukoon | älköön joutuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon joutunut | älköön olko joutunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | joutukaamme | älkäämme joutuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | joutukaa | älkää joutuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | joutukoot | älkööt joutuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot joutuneet | älkööt olko joutuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | jouduttakoon | älköön jouduttako | passive | olkoon jouduttu | älköön olko jouduttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | joutunen | en joutune | 1st sing. | lienen joutunut | en liene joutunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | joutunet | et joutune | 2nd sing. | lienet joutunut | et liene joutunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | joutunee | ei joutune | 3rd sing. | lienee joutunut | ei liene joutunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | joutunemme | emme joutune | 1st plur. | lienemme joutuneet | emme liene joutuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | joutunette | ette joutune | 2nd plur. | lienette joutuneet | ette liene joutuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | joutunevat | eivät joutune | 3rd plur. | lienevät joutuneet | eivät liene joutuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | jouduttaneen | ei jouduttane | passive | lienee jouduttu | ei liene jouduttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | joutua | present | joutuva | jouduttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | joutunut | jouduttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | joutuessa | jouduttaessa | agent4 | joutuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | joutumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | joutuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | joutumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | joutumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | joutumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | joutumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | joutumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | joutuman | jouduttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | joutuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Synonyms
Derived terms
- ~ + genitive + käsiin = to fall to somebody.
- Linnoitus joutui vihollisen käsiin.
- The fortress fell to the enemy.
- Linnoitus joutui vihollisen käsiin.
- ~ + vaikeuksiin = to run into trouble.
- adjectives: joutuisa
- verbs: causative jouduttaa
Ingrian
Etymology
From Lua error in Module:parameters at line 573: Parameter 2 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "fiu-fin-pro" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E., equivalent to joutaa (“to make it in time”) + -ua. Cognates include Finnish joutua and Karelian joutuo.
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 573: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Hevaha" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈjou̯tːuɑk/ Template:izh-phon
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 573: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Soikkola" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈjou̯tuɑ/, /ˈjou̯tˑuɑ/ Template:izh-phon
- Hyphenation: jou‧tu‧a
Verb
joutua
- (intransitive + illative) to get (into)
- (intransitive + illative) to arrive (in)
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 49:
- Fedja joutui Moskovaa.
- Fedja arrived in Moscow.
- (intransitive + illative) to be included (in)
- 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[1], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:
- Heil kera ono oma dialekta, mut senen dialektan materialat kera tähä kirjaa evät joutuneet.
- They, too, have [their] own dialect, but the materials of this dialect were also not included in this book.
- (intransitive + illative) to hit; to strike
Conjugation
Conjugation of joutua (type 1/ampua, out-ovv gradation) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | jovvun | en jovvu | 1st singular | oon joutunt, oon joutunut | en oo joutunt, en oo joutunut |
2nd singular | jovvut | et jovvu | 2nd singular | oot joutunt, oot joutunut | et oo joutunt, et oo joutunut |
3rd singular | joutuu | ei jovvu | 3rd singular | ono joutunt, ono joutunut | ei oo joutunt, ei oo joutunut |
1st plural | jovvumma | emmä jovvu | 1st plural | oomma joutuneet | emmä oo joutuneet |
2nd plural | jovvutta | että jovvu | 2nd plural | ootta joutuneet | että oo joutuneet |
3rd plural | joutuut1), joutuvat2), jovvutaa | evät jovvu, ei jovvuta | 3rd plural | ovat joutuneet | evät oo joutuneet, ei oo jovvuttu |
impersonal | jovvutaa | ei jovvuta | impersonal | ono jovvuttu | ei oo jovvuttu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | jovvuin | en joutunt, en joutunut | 1st singular | olin joutunt, olin joutunut | en olt joutunt, en olt joutunut |
2nd singular | jovvuit | et joutunt, et joutunut | 2nd singular | olit joutunt, olit joutunut | et olt joutunt, et olt joutunut |
3rd singular | joutui | ei joutunt, ei joutunut | 3rd singular | oli joutunt, oli joutunut | ei olt joutunt, ei olt joutunut |
1st plural | jovvuimma | emmä joutuneet | 1st plural | olimma joutuneet | emmä olleet joutuneet |
2nd plural | jovvuitta | että joutuneet | 2nd plural | olitta joutuneet | että olleet joutuneet |
3rd plural | joutuit1), joutuivat2), jovvuttii | evät joutuneet, ei jovvuttu | 3rd plural | olivat joutuneet | evät olleet joutuneet, ei olt jovvuttu |
impersonal | jovvuttii | ei jovvuttu | impersonal | oli jovvuttu | ei olt jovvuttu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | joutuisin | en joutuis | 1st singular | olisin joutunt, olisin joutunut | en olis joutunt, en olis joutunut |
2nd singular | joutuisit, joutuist1) | et joutuis | 2nd singular | olisit joutunt, olisit joutunut | et olis joutunt, et olis joutunut |
3rd singular | joutuis | ei joutuis | 3rd singular | olis joutunt, olis joutunut | ei olis joutunt, ei olis joutunut |
1st plural | joutuisimma | emmä joutuis | 1st plural | olisimma joutuneet | emmä olis joutuneet |
2nd plural | joutuisitta | että joutuis | 2nd plural | olisitta joutuneet | että olis joutuneet |
3rd plural | joutuisiit1), joutuisivat2), jovvuttais | evät joutuis, ei jovvuttais | 3rd plural | olisivat joutuneet | evät olis joutuneet, ei olis jovvuttu |
impersonal | jovvuttais | ei jovvuttais | impersonal | olis jovvuttu | ei olis jovvuttu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | jovvu | elä jovvu | 2nd singular | oo joutunt, oo joutunut | elä oo joutunt, elä oo joutunut |
3rd singular | joutukoo | elköö joutuko | 3rd singular | olkoo joutunt, olkoo joutunut | elköö olko joutunt, elköö olko joutunut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | joutukaa | elkää joutuko | 2nd plural | olkaa joutuneet | elkää olko joutuneet |
3rd plural | joutukoot | elkööt joutuko, elköö jovvuttako | 3rd plural | olkoot joutuneet | elkööt olko joutuneet, elköö olko jovvuttu |
impersonal | jovvuttakkoo | elköö jovvuttako | impersonal | olkoo jovvuttu | elköö olko jovvuttu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | joutunen | en joutune | |||
2nd singular | joutunet | et joutune | |||
3rd singular | joutunoo | ei joutune | |||
1st plural | joutunemma | emmä joutune | |||
2nd plural | joutunetta | että joutune | |||
3rd plural | joutunoot | evät joutune, ei jovvuttane | |||
impersonal | jovvuttannoo | ei jovvuttane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | joutua | present | joutuva | jovvuttava | |
2nd | inessive | joutujees | past | joutunt, joutunut | jovvuttu |
instructive | joutuen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (joutukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | joutumaa | |||
inessive | joutumaas | ||||
elative | joutumast | ||||
abessive | joutumata | ||||
4th | nominative | joutumiin | |||
partitive | joutumista, joutumist |
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 107
Categories:
- Finnish terms suffixed with -ua
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/outuɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/outuɑ/3 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish verbs
- Finnish intransitive verbs
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish auxiliary verbs
- Finnish sanoa-type verbs
- Ingrian terms suffixed with -ua
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian verbs
- Ingrian intransitive verbs
- Ingrian terms with quotations