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Line 1: Line 1:
{{also|维}}
{{also|维}}
{{character info/new}}
{{character info}}
==Translingual==
==Translingual==
[[File:Jiao-si-pang-wei.png|48px|right|border]]
[[File:Jiao-si-pang-wei.png|48px|right|border]]
Line 7: Line 7:
{{Han char|rn=120|rad=糸|as=08|sn=14|four=20914|canj=VFOG|ids=⿰糹隹}}
{{Han char|rn=120|rad=糸|as=08|sn=14|four=20914|canj=VFOG|ids=⿰糹隹}}


====Derived terms====
====Derived characters====
* {{charlist|sc=Hani|濰𮴷𫓙𬗿𬽜𡽰𬞼羅𥵻𦌴𮗈𢋘𤻕𢣘䗽}}
* {{l|mul|羅}}


====Descendants====
====Related characters====
* {{l|mul|维}} ''({{w|Simplified Chinese}})''
* [[维]]


====References====
====References====
* {{Han ref|kx=0927.150|dkj=27568|dj=1364.220|hdz=53415.050|uh=7DAD|ud=32173|bh=BAFB|bd=47867}}
* {{Han ref|kx=0927.150|dkj=27568|dj=1364.220|hdz=53415.050|uh=7DAD|ud=32173|bh=BAFB|bd=47867}}

----


==Chinese==
==Chinese==
Line 23: Line 21:
===Glyph origin===
===Glyph origin===
{{Han etym}}
{{Han etym}}
{{Han compound|糸|t1=thread|隹|c1=s|c2=p|ls=psc}}.
{{Han compound|糸|t1=thread|唯|c1=s|c2=p|ls=psc|abb2=y}}.


The original pronunciation of {{och-l|隹|tr=*ɢʷi}} was lost after the classical period, but can still be seen in other characters of the phonetic series:
The original pronunciation of {{och-l|隹|tr=*ɢʷi}} was lost after the classical period, but can still be seen in other characters of the phonetic series:
Line 36: Line 34:
|m=wéi
|m=wéi
|m-s=wei2
|m-s=wei2
|m-x=ví/véi
|m-nj=wéi
|c=wai4
|c=wai4
|ca=Yue-wai4.ogg
⚫
|c-t=
|c-dg=woi4
|g=
⚫
|c-t=vei3
⚫
|h=pfs=vì
|j=
|g=ui4
⚫
|h=pfs=vì;gd=vi2
|j=ui1
|mb=ṳ̌
|mb=ṳ̌
|md=mì
|md=mì
Line 47: Line 49:
|mn-t=rui6/rui5
|mn-t=rui6/rui5
|mn-t_note=rui5 - “to think, dimension”
|mn-t_note=rui5 - “to think, dimension”
|mn-l=bhi5
|w=3vi
|px=pt,xy:bi2
⚫
|x=
|sp=wai4
|w=sh:6vi;jd,sj,cm,sz,cz,jx,hz,sx,nb,zs:2vi
|w-j=2vi
⚫
|x=uei2
|mc=y
|mc=y
|oc=y
|oc=y
Line 55: Line 61:


====Definitions====
====Definitions====
{{zh-hanzi}}
{{head|zh|hanzi}}


# {{†}} to [[tie]]; to [[fasten]]; to [[tie up]]
# {{†}} to [[tie]]; to [[fasten]]; to [[tie up]]
Line 68: Line 74:
# {{†}} [[long]] and [[thin]] object; [[fibre]]; [[string]]
# {{†}} [[long]] and [[thin]] object; [[fibre]]; [[string]]
#: {{zh-x|纖維|fibre}}
#: {{zh-x|纖維|fibre}}
# {{†}} {{zh-alt-form|惟|to [[think]]; to [[contemplate]]}}
# {{†}} {{alt form|zh|惟|t=to [[think]]; to [[contemplate]]}}
# {{†}} {{zh-alt-form|唯|[[only]]}}
# {{†}} {{alt form|zh|唯|t=[[only]]}}
# {{†}} {{zh-alt-form|惟|''meaningless particle of interjection''}}
# {{†}} {{zh-alt-lb|惟|唯}} {{n-g|meaningless particle of interjection}}
# {{zh-short|維生素|[[vitamin]]}}
# {{zh-used2|t}}
# {{zh-short|維吾爾|[[Uyghur]]}}
#: {{zh-x|^維德角|Cape '''Ver'''de}}
#: {{zh-x|^維珍尼亞|'''Vir'''ginia}}
#: {{zh-x|^@亞維農|A'''vi'''gnon}}
#: {{zh-x|^維也納|'''Vi'''enna}}
#: {{zh-x|^維多利亞港|'''Vic'''toria Harbor}}
#: {{zh-x|^@維摩詰-菩薩|'''Vi'''malakirti}}
## {{zh-short|維生素|[[vitamin]]}}
##: {{zh-x|維---A{ēi}|'''vitamin''' A}}
## {{zh-short|維吾爾|[[Uyghur]]}}
##: {{zh-x|^維語|'''Uyghur''' language}}
# {{surname|zh}}
# {{surname|zh}}


====Compounds====
====Compounds====
{{zh-der|fole=1|三維空間|伏維尚饗|八維|創業維艱|哈維|四維|國維|地維|坤維|塞爾維亞|孟什維克|屋大維|巴勒維|思維|恭維|恭維話|我武維揚|拉脫維亞|明治維新|步履維艱|物力維艱|玻利維亞|百日維新|睢維|維也納|維京人|維他命|維修|維多米|維天之命|維妙維肖|維持|維摩經|維摩詰|維斗|維新|維新圖強|維新運動|維清|維生|維生素|維管束|維納斯|維縶|維繫|維艱|維護|維那|綱維|縶維|纖維|臭恭維|臺維斯杯|舉步維艱|蘇維埃|進退維谷|維基|多維|奧維爾|布干維爾|維吾爾|新疆維吾爾自治區}}
{{col3|zh|三維空間|伏維尚饗|八維|創業維艱|哈維|四維|國維|地維|坤維|塞爾維亞|孟什維克|屋大維|巴勒維|思維|恭維|恭維話|我武維揚|拉脫維亞|明治維新|步履維艱|物力維艱|玻利維亞|百日維新|睢維|維也納|維京人|維他命|維修|維多米|維天之命|維妙維肖|維持|維摩經|維摩詰|維斗|維新|維新圖強|維新運動|維清|維生|維生素|維管束|維納斯|維縶|維繫|維艱|維護|維那|綱維|縶維|纖維|臭恭維|臺維斯杯|舉步維艱|蘇維埃|進退維谷|維基|多維|奧維爾|布干維爾|維吾爾|新疆維吾爾自治區|維吉尼亞}}


===Pronunciation 2===
===Pronunciation 2===
Line 87: Line 102:


====Definitions====
====Definitions====
{{zh-hanzi}}
{{head|zh|hanzi}}


# {{†}} {{zh-only|盧維|ancient [[river]] in the {{w|Yan Province}}}}
# {{†}} {{zh-only|盧維|ancient [[river]] in the {{w|Yan Province}}}}

----


==Japanese==
==Japanese==
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|goon=ゆい<ゆい<ゆゐ
|goon=ゆい<ゆい<ゆゐ
|kanon=い<ゐ
|kanon=い<ゐ
|kun=たもつ-, つな-, つな-ぐ<!--, こ-れ-->
|kun=つな-ぐ, これ-
|nanori=ゆき
|nanori=しげ, すみ, ただ, たもつ, つな, ゆき
}}
}}


=====Usage notes=====
=====Usage notes=====
* Most dictionaries [[proscribe]] historical ''-uwi'' readings {{ja-r|す.ゐ|hist=1}}, {{ja-r|ず.ゐ|hist=1}}, {{ja-r|つ.ゐ|hist=1}}, {{ja-r|ゆ.ゐ|hist=1}}{{,}} and {{ja-r|る.ゐ|hist=1}} as attested in many historical documents.
* Most dictionaries [[proscribe]] historical ''-uwi'' readings {{ja-r|す.ゐ|hist=1}}, {{ja-r|ず.ゐ|hist=1}}, {{ja-r|つ.ゐ|hist=1}}, {{ja-r|ゆ.ゐ|hist=1}}{{,}} and {{ja-r|る.ゐ|hist=1}} as attested in many historical documents.

====Compounds====
{{top2}}
* {{ja-r|維持|いじ}}
* {{ja-r|維新|いしん}}
* {{ja-r|四維|しい}}
* {{ja-r|繊維|せんい}}
{{bottom}}


===Etymology 1===
===Etymology 1===
Line 116: Line 137:


====Pronunciation====
====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|い|y=kanon}}
{{ja-pron|い}}


====Affix====
====Affix====
Line 127: Line 148:
{{ja-kanjitab|これ|yomi=kun}}
{{ja-kanjitab|これ|yomi=kun}}
{{ja-see|これ}}
{{ja-see|これ}}

----


==Korean==
==Korean==
Line 139: Line 158:
====Compounds====
====Compounds====
* {{ko-l|유지|維持|[[keep]], [[maintain]]}}
* {{ko-l|유지|維持|[[keep]], [[maintain]]}}

----


==Vietnamese==
==Vietnamese==


===Han character===
===Han character===
{{vi-hantu|[[duy]]|rs=糸08}}
{{vi-readings|rs=糸08
|hanviet=duy-gdhn;tvctdhv;hvttd;tchvtd
|phienthiet=
|nom=duy-gdhn
}}


# {{vi-Han form of|duy|[[tie]], [[maintain]]}}
# {{rfdef|vi|sort=糸08}}

====References====
<references/>

Latest revision as of 17:41, 5 January 2025

See also: 维
維 U+7DAD, &#32173;
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DAD
← 綬
[U+7DAC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 綮 →
[U+7DAE]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

維 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 女火人土 (VFOG), four-corner 20914, composition ⿰糹隹)

Derived characters

[edit]
[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 927, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27568
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1364, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3415, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7DAD

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 維
simp. 维

Glyph origin

[edit]
Characters in the same phonetic series (唯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
匯 *ɢʷrɯːlʔ, *kʰʷriːl
擓 *kʰʷriːl
淮 *ɡʷriːl
睢 *qʰʷel, *sqʰʷil, *qʰʷi, *qʰʷils
嶉 *sqʷi
趡 *skʰʷilʔ
踓 *skʰʷilʔ, *ɢʷilʔ
雖 *sqʰʷi
濉 *sqʰʷi
倠 *qʰʷi
婎 *qʰʷil, *qʰʷils
蓶 *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ
維 *ɢʷi
惟 *ɢʷi
唯 *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ
濰 *ɢʷi
琟 *ɢʷil
鷕 *ɢʷiʔ, *ɢʷiʔ
帷 *ɢʷril
鵻 *sɢʷinʔ, *tjul

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷi) : semantic 糸 (“thread”) + abbreviated phonetic 唯 (OC *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ).

The original pronunciation of 隹 (OC *ɢʷi) was lost after the classical period, but can still be seen in other characters of the phonetic series:

  • 惟 (OC *ɢʷi, “to think”),
  • 唯 (OC *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ, “only”),
  • 雖 (OC *sqʰʷi, “although”),
  • 帷 (OC *ɢʷril, “curtain, screen”) and
  • 淮 (OC *ɡʷriːl, “Huai River”).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
Note:
  • ûi - literary;
  • î/bî - vernacular.
Note: rui5 - “to think, dimension”.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 維
Mandarin Beijing /uei³⁵/
Harbin /uei⁴⁴/ ～生素
/uei²⁴/ ～持
Tianjin /vei⁴⁵/
Jinan /vei⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ve⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /uei⁵³/
Xi'an /vi²⁴/
Xining /uɨ²⁴/
Yinchuan /vei⁵³/
Lanzhou /vei⁵³/
Ürümqi /vei⁵¹/
Wuhan /uei²¹³/
Chengdu /uei³¹/
Guiyang /uei²¹/
Kunming /uei³¹/
Nanjing /uəi²⁴/
Hefei /ue⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /uei¹¹/
Pingyao /uei¹³/
Hohhot /vei³¹/
Wu Shanghai /vi²³/
Suzhou /vi¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦui²¹³/
Wenzhou /vu³¹/
Hui Shexian /ue⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ue⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /uei¹³/
Xiangtan /uəi¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ui⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /vi¹¹/
Taoyuan /vui¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐi²¹/
Nanning /wɐi²¹/
Hong Kong /wɐi²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ui³⁵/
/bi³⁵/ 俗
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /mi⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /y²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /zui⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /vui³¹/
Rime
Character 維
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 脂 (16)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 以追切
Baxter ywij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiuɪ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jʷi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/juɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jwi/
Li
Rong 		/ui/
Wang
Li 		/jwi/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/wi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wéi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wai4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 維
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wéi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ywij ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷij/ (? < *ɢʷuj)
English rope for tying

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 維
Reading # 1/1
No. 12852
Phonetic
component 		唯
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		惟
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷi/

Definitions

[edit]

維

  1. † to tie; to fasten; to tie up
  2. † to link; to connect
  3. to hold together; to maintain; to preserve; to safeguard
    維持／维持  ―  wéichí  ―  to maintain
  4. † thick rope for tying objects; cord
  5. † corner; nook; recess
  6. † net; mesh; netting
  7. (geometry) dimension
  8. † order; law; outline
  9. † long and thin object; fibre; string
    纖維／纤维  ―  xiānwéi  ―  fibre
  10. † Alternative form of 惟 (wéi, “to think; to contemplate”)
  11. † Alternative form of 唯 (“only”)
  12. † (alt. form 惟, 唯) meaningless particle of interjection
  13. Used in transcription.
    維德角／维德角  ―  Wéidéjiǎo  ―  Cape Verde
    維珍尼亞／维珍尼亚  ―  Wéizhēnníyà  ―  Virginia
    亞維農／亚维农  ―  Yàwéinóng  ―  Avignon
    維也納／维也纳  ―  Wéiyěnà  ―  Vienna
    維多利亞港／维多利亚港  ―  Wéiduōlìyàgǎng  ―  Victoria Harbor
    維摩詰菩薩／维摩诘菩萨  ―  Wéimójiépúsà  ―  Vimalakirti
    1. Short for 維生素／维生素 (wéishēngsù, “vitamin”).
      維A／维A  ―  wéi-ēi  ―  vitamin A
    2. Short for 維吾爾／维吾尔 (Wéiwú'ěr, “Uyghur”).
      維語／维语  ―  Wéiyǔ  ―  Uyghur language
  14. a surname

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 2

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

維

  1. † Only used in 盧維／卢维 (“ancient river in the Yan Province”).

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
維

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

[edit]
Usage notes
[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
維
い
Grade: S
kan'on

/wi/ → /i/

From Middle Chinese 維 (MC ywij).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Affix

[edit]

維(い) • (i) ←ゐ (wi)?

  1. hold together; keep; maintain
  2. what holds together; net, supportive

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
維
これ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 維 – see the following entry.
【これ】
[pronoun] this
[pronoun] (deictically) this one (near the speaker)
[pronoun] (anaphorically) this one I am talking about (only the speaker knows)
[pronoun] (archaic) I; me
[pronoun] (archaic) you
[pronoun] (literary, calque of Literary Chinese 是, 之, 惟, etc.) Repeats the topic with a correct case marker to avoid any misunderstanding if it is not a subject.
Alternative spellings
此れ, 是, 之, 惟
(This term, 維, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

維 (eumhun 벼리 유 (byeori yu))

  1. hanja form? of 유 (“the guide ropes at the edge of a fishing net; fishing net”)

Compounds

[edit]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

維: Hán Việt readings: duy[1][2][3][4]
維: Nôm readings: duy[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of duy (“tie, maintain”).

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Trần (2004).
  2. ^ Trần (1999).
  3. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  4. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
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