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骨: difference between revisions

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m convert {{desc-top}}/{{hyp-top}}/{{co-top}} and some instances of {{der-top}}/{{rel-top}} to {{col-top}} per WT:RFDO#remove lesser-used column templates (manually assisted)
 
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|m_note=gǔ - usual pronunciation; gū - used in some colloquial words, such as {{zh-l|*骨朵兒|unbloomed flower}} and {{zh-l|*骨碌|to roll}}; gú - used in some colloquial words, such as {{zh-l|*骨頭|bone}}
|m_note=gǔ - usual pronunciation; gū - used in some colloquial words, such as {{zh-l|*骨朵兒|unbloomed flower}} and {{zh-l|*骨碌|to roll}}; gú - used in some colloquial words, such as {{zh-l|*骨頭|bone}}
|m-s=gu2
|m-s=gu2
|m-x=gǔ
|m-nj=gůq
|dg=гў1
|dg=гў1
|c=gwat1
|c=gwat1
|c-dg=gwak7
|c-t=gut2
|c-t=gut2
|c-yj=gat3
|g=gut6
|g=gut6
|h=pfs=kut;gd=gud5
|h=pfs=kut;hrs=h:gud;gd=gud5
|j=gueh4
|j=gueh4
|mb=gŏ
|mb=gŏ
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|mn=kut
|mn=kut
|mn-t=gug4
|mn-t=gug4
|mn-l=gug4/guag4
|w=4kueq
|mn-l_note=gug4 - vernacular; guag4 - literary
|px=pt:goh6/xy:guoh6
|sp=gwat2
|w=sh,sj,cm,sz,ks,cz,jx,sx:7kueq;jd:5kueq;hz,sx:7kuoq;nb,zs:7kuaq;sx:7kuoeq
|w-j=7kueq
|x=gu6
|x=gu6
|mc=y
|mc=y
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# {{lb|zh|Cantonese|Mainland|_|Hokkien}} [[sarcasm]]
# {{lb|zh|Cantonese|Mainland|_|Hokkien}} [[sarcasm]]
#: {{zh-x|佢 句 句 說話 都 有 骨。|All his sentences are sarcastic.|C}}
#: {{zh-x|佢 句 句 說話 都 有 骨。|All his sentences are sarcastic.|C}}
# {{lb|zh|Mainland|_|Hokkien}} [[the hell]] {{gl|usually in an question in mild disdain}}
# {{lb|zh|Mainland|_|Hokkien}} [[the hell]] {{gl|usually in a question in mild disdain}}
# {{lb|zh|Quanzhou}} [[clever]]; [[intelligent]]; [[smart]]
# {{lb|zh|Quanzhou}} [[clever]]; [[intelligent]]; [[smart]]
# {{surname|zh}}: [[Gu]]
# {{surname|zh}}: [[Gu]]
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====Compounds====
====Compounds====
{{der3|zh|尺骨<t:[[ulna]]>|恥骨<t:[[pubis]]>|齒骨<t:[[dentary bone]]>|錘骨<t:[[malleus]]>|鐙骨<t:[[stapes]]>|蝶骨<t:[[sphenoid bone]]>|骶骨<t:[[sacrum]]>|腓骨<t:[[fibula]]>|跟骨<t:[[heel bone]]>|股骨<t:[[femur]]>|頰骨<t:[[cheekbone]]>|肩胛骨<t:[[shoulder blade]]>|接骨<t:[[bonesetting]]>|脊椎骨<t:[[vertebra]]>|距骨<t:[[anklebone]]>|淚骨<t:[[lacrimal bone]]>|肋骨<t:[[rib]]>|犁骨<t:[[vomer bone]]>|鳥喙骨<t:[[coracoid]]>|顳骨<t:[[temporal bone]]>|顴骨<t:[[cheekbone]]>|橈骨<t:[[radius]]>|篩骨<t:[[ethmoid bone]]>|舌骨<t:[[hyoid bone]]>|鎖骨<t:[[clavicle]]>|蹄骨<t:[[coffin bone]]>|頭蓋骨<t:[[cranium]]>|頭骨<t:[[skull]]>|尾骶骨<t:[[coccyx]]; [[tailbone]]>|尾骨<t:[[coccyx]]; [[tailbone]]>|尾閭骨<t:[[coccyx]]; [[tailbone]]>|烏骨雞<t:[[silky]]; [[silkie]]>|楔骨<t:[[cuneiform bone]]>|膝蓋骨<t:[[kneecap]]>|胸骨<t:[[sternum]]; [[breastbone]]>|陰莖骨<t:[[baculum]]>|砧骨<t:[[incus]]>|指骨<t:[[phalanx]]>|趾骨<t:[[phalanx]]; toe bone>|椎骨<t:[[vertebra]]>|坐骨<t:[[ischium]]>|尻骨|刺骨|刻骨鏤心|情逾骨肉|埋香骨|一聚枯骨|仙風道骨|奴顏媚骨|小腿骨|尾椎骨|剝皮剔骨|建安風骨|侵肌透骨|一骨碌|嫩骨頭|刮骨去毒|怨入骨髓|刻骨|情同骨肉|屍骨未寒|傲骨|急留骨碌|併骨|哀毀骨立|主心骨兒|恨之切骨|情深骨肉|安骨|恨入骨髓|恨之入骨|刺骨懸梁|怨骨|徹骨|寒風刺骨|形銷骨立|勁骨豐肌|如蛆附骨|妍皮痴骨|天骨|俠骨|屍骨無存|入骨|崴拉骨|屍骨早寒|屍骨|刻肌刻骨|寒風砭骨|刮骨|媚骨|塌拉骨|奪胎換骨|千金市骨|坐骨神經|凡胎濁骨|凡胎俗骨|反骨|剝皮剉骨|埋骨|俗骨|仙骨|俠骨柔腸|啃骨頭|千金買骨|冢中枯骨|勞什骨子|刮骨療毒|刻骨銘心|切骨之仇|切骨|分筋錯骨|凡骨|冰肌玉骨|傲骨嶙峋|傷筋動骨|咭力骨碌|乞骸骨|槁骨腐肉|打牙巴骨|濁骨凡胎|椎心蝕骨|琵琶骨|拋屍露骨|枯莖朽骨|灼骨|摸骨相|懸梁刺骨|槁骨|硬骨魚綱|碎身粉骨|柔心弱骨|的溜骨碌|揣骨聽聲|渾骨丫髻|白如枯骨|炊骨爨骸|柔若無骨|玉骨冰肌|挫骨揚灰|砭骨|硬骨頭|橫骨|特骨|懶骨頭|歸骨|枸骨|皮包骨|摸骨|灰身粉骨|敲骨吸髓|沒骨花卉|沒脊骨|暴骨|眉棱骨|析骨而炊|拾骨|暴骨原野|撿骨|漢魏風骨|柴毀骨立|戳脊梁骨|接骨匠|瘦筋巴骨|會厭軟骨|會咽軟骨|次骨|沒骨氣|焚骨揚灰|換骨奪胎|破骨細胞|窮骨頭|有骨頭|痛澈骨髓|積毀銷骨|狗骨頭|神清骨秀|碎骨粉身|硬骨魚|痛入骨髓|炊骨易子|毛骨竦然|甲狀軟骨|直言骨鯁|氣骨|枯骨|皮鬆骨癢|白骨|沒骨頭|瘦骨嶙峋|瘦骨如柴|痛楚徹骨|痛心刻骨|痛切心骨|病骨|父母骨肉|抽筋拔骨|白骨松|甲骨文|環狀軟骨|換骨脫胎|牙幫骨|生死肉骨|毛骨聳然|掌骨|接骨眼兒|蒸骨驗屍|毛骨悚然|澤及枯骨|灰軀糜骨|溜骨髓|沒骨|洗心換骨|皴輪骨|窮到骨|排骨|沒骨畫|枕骨|懸頭刺骨|析骨|毛骨森然|歪剌骨|正骨|槌骨濿髓|抽胎換骨|柳骨|析骨以爨|毛開骨悚|村筋俗骨|沾親帶骨|扇骨子|毛骨森竦|有骨氣|甲骨學|痛心入骨|煎膏炊骨|揣骨|深入骨髓|鼻骨|聽骨|骨笄|賴骨頑皮|腿骨|道骨仙風|骨材|脆骨|骨直|骨肉相連|骨殖匣|腫骨鹿|骨鯁之臣|骨肉離散|骨架|頑皮賴骨|骨都|透骨酸心|蝴蝶骨|骨肉離異|骨化|骨齡|顏骨柳筋|骨膠|骨肉未寒|骨髓炎|鋼骨水泥|骨董|至親骨肉|胯骨|銘肌鏤骨|賊皮賊骨|骨肉團圓|胯骨軸兒|顏面骨|長骨|骨組織|骸骨|雞骨支床|走骨行屍|腸骨|鐵骨柔情|骨都兒|露骨|骨碌碌|節骨眼兒|骨髓|行尸走骨|納骨塔|親骨肉|骨盆|骨肉分離|骨節|賤骨頭|頂陽骨|龍骨|骨肉至親|齶骨|骨骾|粉身碎骨|骨膜炎|臉頰骨|麻骨|筋骨昂然|鸛骨|踝子骨|節骨眼|骨癌|鶴骨松姿|背梁骨|髖骨肌|風骨|骨骼肌|粘皮帶骨|骨血|髂骨|髀骨|骨鯁|骨髓移植|骨騰肉飛|骨頭骨腦|骨頭架子|骨頭兒|骨頭|骨都都|骨質|骨襯|骨裡骨碌|骨董行|骨膜|骨腫瘤|骨肥|骨肉重逢|骨肉情|骨肉各方|骨肉|骨罈|骨結核|骨細胞|骨粉|骨立|骨碎補|骨碌|骨盤|骨癆|骨痛熱|骨痂|骨牌理論|骨炭|骨灰塔|骨灰|骨法|骨氣|骨殖|骨槽風|骨柮|骨查臉|骨朵兒|骨朵|骨折|骨感|骨崖崖|骨岩岩|骨子|骨嘟|骨刺|蹠骨|肢骨|駿骨|顏筋柳骨|骨力|脊梁骨|風骨峭峻|顱骨|骨相|顎骨|跗蹠骨|骨肉私情|親生骨肉|肱骨|骨扇|骨子裡|骨軟筋酥|靈骨塔|骨瘦如豺|骨骼|骨顫肉驚|腰骨|骨蒸癆|雞骨|骨軟筋麻|骨牌|軟骨魚綱|鋤骨|鐵骨|肌骨|鏤骨銘肌|軟骨病|銘心刻骨|鋼骨|銘心鏤骨|銅筋鐵骨|透骨|骨溜溜|髖骨|身子骨兒|筋骨|骨格|跗骨|賊骨頭|鏤骨銘心|骨幹|骨格不凡|鏤心刻骨|連皮帶骨|節骨眼上|耳小骨|粉骨碎身|銘骨|老骨頭|臁兒骨|輕骨頭|粉身灰骨|軟骨頭|軟骨|軀幹骨|骨灰罈|脛骨|踝骨|買骨|貧骨頭|豔骨|筋不束骨|骨瘦如柴|腕骨|髕骨|耍骨頭|鐫心銘骨|脫胎換骨|骨肉團圞|胛骨|肋骨舉肌|虎骨酒|薦骨|蒜瓣骨朵|骨頭硬|骨肉相殘|骨科|骨盆腔|骨鯁在喉|骨蒸|骨螺|德國骨科|骨間膜|拾骨葬|執骨|成骨細胞|骨原細胞|蝕骨細胞|破骨細胞|過骨|化骨龍|甩皮甩骨|甩頭甩骨|龍骨車|龍骨木|剔骨|骨學}}
{{col3|zh|尺骨<t:[[ulna]]>|恥骨<t:[[pubis]]>|齒骨<t:[[dentary bone]]>|錘骨<t:[[malleus]]>|鐙骨<t:[[stapes]]>|蝶骨<t:[[sphenoid bone]]>|骶骨<t:[[sacrum]]>|腓骨<t:[[fibula]]>|跟骨<t:[[heel bone]]>|股骨<t:[[femur]]>|頰骨<t:[[cheekbone]]>|肩胛骨<t:[[shoulder blade]]>|接骨<t:[[bonesetting]]>|脊椎骨<t:[[vertebra]]>|距骨<t:[[anklebone]]>|淚骨<t:[[lacrimal bone]]>|肋骨<t:[[rib]]>|犁骨<t:[[vomer bone]]>|鳥喙骨<t:[[coracoid]]>|顳骨<t:[[temporal bone]]>|顴骨<t:[[cheekbone]]>|橈骨<t:[[radius]]>|篩骨<t:[[ethmoid bone]]>|舌骨<t:[[hyoid bone]]>|鎖骨<t:[[clavicle]]>|蹄骨<t:[[coffin bone]]>|頭蓋骨<t:[[cranium]]>|頭骨<t:[[skull]]>|尾骶骨<t:[[coccyx]]; [[tailbone]]>|尾骨<t:[[coccyx]]; [[tailbone]]>|尾閭骨<t:[[coccyx]]; [[tailbone]]>|烏骨雞<t:[[silky]]; [[silkie]]>|楔骨<t:[[cuneiform bone]]>|膝蓋骨<t:[[kneecap]]>|胸骨<t:[[sternum]]; [[breastbone]]>|陰莖骨<t:[[baculum]]>|砧骨<t:[[incus]]>|指骨<t:[[phalanx]]>|趾骨<t:[[phalanx]]; toe bone>|椎骨<t:[[vertebra]]>|坐骨<t:[[ischium]]>|尻骨|刺骨|刻骨鏤心|情逾骨肉|埋香骨|一聚枯骨|仙風道骨|奴顏媚骨|小腿骨|尾椎骨|剝皮剔骨|建安風骨|侵肌透骨|一骨碌|嫩骨頭|刮骨去毒|怨入骨髓|刻骨|情同骨肉|屍骨未寒|傲骨|急留骨碌|併骨|哀毀骨立|主心骨兒|恨之切骨|情深骨肉|安骨|恨入骨髓|恨之入骨|刺骨懸梁|怨骨|徹骨|寒風刺骨|形銷骨立|勁骨豐肌|如蛆附骨|妍皮痴骨|天骨|俠骨|屍骨無存|入骨|崴拉骨|屍骨早寒|屍骨|刻肌刻骨|寒風砭骨|刮骨|媚骨|塌拉骨|奪胎換骨|千金市骨|坐骨神經|凡胎濁骨|凡胎俗骨|反骨|剝皮剉骨|埋骨|俗骨|仙骨|俠骨柔腸|啃骨頭|千金買骨|冢中枯骨|勞什骨子|刮骨療毒|刻骨銘心|切骨之仇|切骨|分筋錯骨|凡骨|冰肌玉骨|傲骨嶙峋|傷筋動骨|咭力骨碌|乞骸骨|槁骨腐肉|打牙巴骨|濁骨凡胎|椎心蝕骨|琵琶骨|拋屍露骨|枯莖朽骨|灼骨|摸骨相|懸梁刺骨|槁骨|硬骨魚綱|碎身粉骨|柔心弱骨|的溜骨碌|揣骨聽聲|渾骨丫髻|白如枯骨|炊骨爨骸|柔若無骨|玉骨冰肌|挫骨揚灰|砭骨|硬骨頭|橫骨|特骨|懶骨頭|歸骨|枸骨|皮包骨|摸骨|灰身粉骨|敲骨吸髓|沒骨花卉|沒脊骨|暴骨|眉棱骨|析骨而炊|拾骨|暴骨原野|撿骨|漢魏風骨|柴毀骨立|戳脊梁骨|接骨匠|瘦筋巴骨|會厭軟骨|會咽軟骨|次骨|沒骨氣|焚骨揚灰|換骨奪胎|破骨細胞|窮骨頭|有骨頭|痛澈骨髓|積毀銷骨|狗骨頭|神清骨秀|碎骨粉身|硬骨魚|痛入骨髓|炊骨易子|毛骨竦然|甲狀軟骨|直言骨鯁|氣骨|枯骨|皮鬆骨癢|白骨|沒骨頭|瘦骨嶙峋|瘦骨如柴|痛楚徹骨|痛心刻骨|痛切心骨|病骨|父母骨肉|抽筋拔骨|白骨松|甲骨文|環狀軟骨|換骨脫胎|牙幫骨|生死肉骨|毛骨聳然|掌骨|接骨眼兒|蒸骨驗屍|毛骨悚然|澤及枯骨|灰軀糜骨|溜骨髓|沒骨|洗心換骨|皴輪骨|窮到骨|排骨|沒骨畫|枕骨|懸頭刺骨|析骨|毛骨森然|歪剌骨|正骨|槌骨濿髓|抽胎換骨|柳骨|析骨以爨|毛開骨悚|村筋俗骨|沾親帶骨|扇骨子|毛骨森竦|有骨氣|甲骨學|痛心入骨|煎膏炊骨|揣骨|深入骨髓|鼻骨|聽骨|骨笄|賴骨頑皮|腿骨|道骨仙風|骨材|脆骨|骨直|骨肉相連|骨殖匣|腫骨鹿|骨鯁之臣|骨肉離散|骨架|頑皮賴骨|骨都|透骨酸心|蝴蝶骨|骨肉離異|骨化|骨齡|顏骨柳筋|骨膠|骨肉未寒|骨髓炎|鋼骨水泥|骨董|至親骨肉|胯骨|銘肌鏤骨|賊皮賊骨|骨肉團圓|胯骨軸兒|顏面骨|長骨|骨組織|骸骨|雞骨支床|走骨行屍|腸骨|鐵骨柔情|骨都兒|露骨|骨碌碌|節骨眼兒|骨髓|行尸走骨|納骨塔|親骨肉|骨盆|骨肉分離|骨節|賤骨頭|頂陽骨|龍骨|骨肉至親|齶骨|骨骾|粉身碎骨|骨膜炎|臉頰骨|麻骨|筋骨昂然|鸛骨|踝子骨|節骨眼|骨癌|鶴骨松姿|背梁骨|髖骨肌|風骨|骨骼肌|粘皮帶骨|骨血|髂骨|髀骨|骨鯁|骨髓移植|骨騰肉飛|骨頭骨腦|骨頭架子|骨頭兒|骨頭|骨都都|骨質|骨襯|骨裡骨碌|骨董行|骨膜|骨腫瘤|骨肥|骨肉重逢|骨肉情|骨肉各方|骨肉|骨罈|骨結核|骨細胞|骨粉|骨立|骨碎補|骨碌|骨盤|骨癆|骨痛熱|骨痂|骨牌理論|骨炭|骨灰塔|骨灰|骨法|骨氣|骨殖|骨槽風|骨柮|骨查臉|骨朵兒|骨朵|骨折|骨感|骨崖崖|骨岩岩|骨子|骨嘟|骨刺|蹠骨|肢骨|駿骨|顏筋柳骨|骨力|脊梁骨|風骨峭峻|顱骨|骨相|顎骨|跗蹠骨|骨肉私情|親生骨肉|肱骨|骨扇|骨子裡|骨軟筋酥|靈骨塔|骨瘦如豺|骨骼|骨顫肉驚|腰骨|骨蒸癆|雞骨|骨軟筋麻|骨牌|軟骨魚綱|鋤骨|鐵骨|肌骨|鏤骨銘肌|軟骨病|銘心刻骨|鋼骨|銘心鏤骨|銅筋鐵骨|透骨|骨溜溜|髖骨|身子骨兒|筋骨|骨格|跗骨|賊骨頭|鏤骨銘心|骨幹|骨格不凡|鏤心刻骨|連皮帶骨|節骨眼上|耳小骨|粉骨碎身|銘骨|老骨頭|臁兒骨|輕骨頭|粉身灰骨|軟骨頭|軟骨|軀幹骨|骨灰罈|脛骨|踝骨|買骨|貧骨頭|豔骨|筋不束骨|骨瘦如柴|腕骨|髕骨|耍骨頭|鐫心銘骨|脫胎換骨|骨肉團圞|胛骨|肋骨舉肌|虎骨酒|薦骨|蒜瓣骨朵|骨頭硬|骨肉相殘|骨科|骨盆腔|骨鯁在喉|骨蒸|骨螺|德國骨科|骨間膜|拾骨葬|執骨|成骨細胞|骨原細胞|蝕骨細胞|破骨細胞|過骨|化骨龍|甩皮甩骨|甩頭甩骨|龍骨車|龍骨木|剔骨|骨學}}


===Etymology 2===
===Etymology 2===
Line 136: Line 145:


====Compounds====
====Compounds====
{{der-top|Compounds}}{{ja-r/multi|data=
{{col-top|3|com}}{{ja-r/multi|data=
* {{ja-r/args|鐙%骨|あぶみ%こつ}}, {{ja-r/args|鐙%骨|とう%こつ}}: [[stapes]]
* {{ja-r/args|鐙%骨|あぶみ%こつ}}, {{ja-r/args|鐙%骨|とう%こつ}}: [[stapes]]
* {{ja-r/args|陰%茎%骨|いん%けい%こつ}}: [[baculum]]
* {{ja-r/args|陰%茎%骨|いん%けい%こつ}}: [[baculum]]
Line 194: Line 203:
* {{ja-r/args|肋%骨|ろっ%こつ}}: [[rib]]
* {{ja-r/args|肋%骨|ろっ%こつ}}: [[rib]]
* {{ja-r/args|背%骨|せ%ぼね}}: [[backbone]]
* {{ja-r/args|背%骨|せ%ぼね}}: [[backbone]]
}}{{der-bottom}}
}}{{col-bottom}}


===Etymology 1===
===Etymology 1===
Line 252: Line 261:
<references/>
<references/>


[[Category:ja:Skeleton|ほね]]
{{C|ja|Skeleton|sort=ほね}}


==Korean==
==Korean==
Line 275: Line 284:


====Compounds====
====Compounds====
{{der-top3|Compounds}}{{ko-l/multi|data=
{{col-top|3|com}}{{ko-l/multi|data=
* {{ko-l/args|골자|骨子}}
* {{ko-l/args|골자|骨子}}
* {{ko-l/args|해골|骸骨}}
* {{ko-l/args|해골|骸骨}}
Line 290: Line 299:
* {{ko-l/args|두개골|頭蓋骨}}
* {{ko-l/args|두개골|頭蓋骨}}
* {{ko-l/args|음경골|陰莖骨}}
* {{ko-l/args|음경골|陰莖骨}}
}}{{der-bottom}}
}}{{col-bottom}}


===References===
===References===

Latest revision as of 01:45, 4 January 2025

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KANGXI RADICAL BONE

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Kangxi Radicals
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CJK RADICAL BONE

[U+2EE2]
CJK Radicals Supplement
[U+2EE4]

Translingual

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Traditional
Simplified
Japanese
Korean
Stroke order
(Mainland China)
Stroke order
(Taiwan)
Stroke order
(Japan)

Alternative forms

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  • In Traditional Chinese (Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau), Japanese kanji and Korean hanja, the inner component on the top of the character is drawn with two strokes both starting from the center, and positioned to the right () (, , ), which is the orthodox form found in the historical Kangxi dictionary.
  • In mainland China (based on Xin Zixing (新字形) standardized form) and Vietnamese Nôm, the inner component on the top of the character is drawn with a single stroke starting from the left, and positioned to the left () ().
  • In mainland China (Xin Zixing), Hong Kong and Macau (Traditional Chinese), Japanese kanji, Korean hanja and Vietnamese Nôm, the bottom component is written in the form of (similar to ), but the leftmost stroke is vertical () and not curved (丿), which is the orthodox form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
  • In Taiwan (Traditional Chinese), the bottom component is written in the form of (meat radical, similar to where the leftmost stroke is curved 丿 but the two horizontal strokes enclosed within are written instead).
  • Due to Han unification, this character may or may not appear different, depending on the fonts available (the curvature or straightness of the leftmost stroke in the bottom part is not significant and may vary slightly between fonts):
    •  : traditional Kangxi form (10 strokes) in Hong Kong, Macau, Japan, Korea, Vietnam;
    • : traditional modified form (10 strokes) in Taiwan;
    • : simplified form (9 strokes) in Mainland China.

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 188, +0, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 月月月 (BBB), four-corner 77227, composition ⿱⿵⿰𠃍𠃍(GV) or ⿱⿵⿰𠃍⿰丨(HTJK))

  1. Kangxi radical #188, .
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №134

Derived characters

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1447, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45098
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1973, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4406, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9AA8

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : (skull) + (body).

Etymology 1

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trad.
simp. #

Usually related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/m/g-rus (bone), whence Tibetan རུས (rus), Nuosu (vup ddu), S'gaw Karen တၢ်ဃံ (ta̱xee), but there is no trace of a medial *r in Chinese (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • gǔ - usual pronunciation;
  • gū - used in some colloquial words, such as 骨朵兒 (“unbloomed flower”) and 骨碌 (“to roll”);
  • gú - used in some colloquial words, such as 骨頭 (“bone”).
Note:
  • gug4 - vernacular;
  • guag4 - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ku²¹⁴/
/ku³⁵/
Harbin /ku²¹³/
Tianjin /ku¹³/ ~折
/ku²¹/ ~頭
Jinan /ku²¹³/
Qingdao /ku⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ku²⁴/
Xi'an /ku²¹/
Xining /kv̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ku¹³/
Lanzhou /ku¹³/
Ürümqi /ku²¹³/
Wuhan /ku²¹³/
Chengdu /ku³¹/
Guiyang /ku²¹/
Kunming /ku³¹/
Nanjing /kuʔ⁵/
Hefei /kuəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /kuəʔ²/
Pingyao /kuʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /kuəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /kuəʔ⁵/
Suzhou /kuəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /kuoʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /ky²¹³/
Hui Shexian /kuʔ²¹/
Tunxi /ku⁵/
Xiang Changsha /ku²⁴/
Xiangtan /ku²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /kuɨʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kut̚¹/
Taoyuan /kut̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɐt̚⁵/
Nanning /kɛɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kwɐt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kut̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kɔuʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ko²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kuk̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kut̚⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (56)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter kwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kuət̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kuot̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kuət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kwət̚/
Li
Rong
/kuət̚/
Wang
Li
/kuət̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/kuət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
gu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gwat1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ kwot ›
Old
Chinese
/*kˁut/
English bone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 4321
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kuːd/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. (anatomy) bone
  2. (anatomy) skeleton
  3. (figurative) frame; framework
  4. (figurative) moral character
  5. (Cantonese, Mainland China Hokkien) sarcasm
    說話 [Cantonese, trad.]
    说话 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 geoi3 geoi3 syut3 waa6 dou1 jau5 gwat1. [Jyutping]
    All his sentences are sarcastic.
  6. (Mainland China Hokkien) the hell (usually in a question in mild disdain)
  7. (Quanzhou Hokkien) clever; intelligent; smart
  8. a surname: Gu
Synonyms
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  • (moral character):

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

From English quarter.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (Cantonese) quarter of an hour; 15 minutes (Classifier: c)
    [Cantonese]  ―  saam1 dim2 jat1 go3 gwat1 [Jyutping]  ―  quarter past three
    [Cantonese]  ―  ng5 dim2 saam1 go3 gwat1 [Jyutping]  ―  quarter to six (literally three quarters past five)
  2. (Cantonese) one fourth; a quarter

Japanese

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Kanji

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(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. skeleton
  2. bone

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
(hone): a bone.
Kanji in this term
ほね
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

/pone//ɸone//hone/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pənay.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ほね) (hone

  1. bone

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
かわら
Grade: 6
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
(rare)

/kapara//kaɸara//kawara/

Probably from Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, cup, bowl, skull). Cognate with (kawara, tile, particularly for roofing or flooring).[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(かわら) (kawaraかはら (kafara)?

  1. (archaic, rare) a bone, particularly a covering bone such as a skull or kneecap

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
こつ
Grade: 6
kan'on

From Middle Chinese (MC kwot, “bone”).

The knack sense comes from the idea of the bones as the innermost core or essence of something.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(こつ) (kotsu

  1. remains, ashes
  2. コツ: knack, trick
    ネイルコツ
    neiru no kotsu
    tricks and tips for doing one's nails

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC kwot).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 고ᇙ〮 (Yale: kwólq)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] ᄲᅧ〮 (Yale: spyé) 골〮 (Yale: kwól)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (ppyeo gol))

  1. hanja form? of (bone)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Ryukyuan *pone, from earlier Proto-Japonic *pənay. Cognate with Japanese (hone, bone).

Noun

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(ふに) (funi

  1. bone
  2. frame (of a sliding paper door, etc)
  3. stem, stalk

Etymology 2

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Ultimately from Middle Chinese (MC kwot, “bone”).

Noun

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(くち) or (くし) (kuchi or kushi

  1. remains, ashes

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: cốt[1][2][3][4][5][6]
: Nôm readings: cốt[1][2][3], cót[1][3], cút[1][3], cọt[3], gút[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of cốt (bone (compounds), extracted, condensed).

Compounds

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References

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