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{{also|Toom}}
{{also|Toom}}
==English==
==English==

⚫
===Pronunciation===
⚫
* {{rhymes|en|uːm|s=1}}


===Etymology 1===
===Etymology 1===
From {{etyl|enm|en}} {{m|enm|toom}}, {{m|enm|tom}}, from {{etyl|ang|en}} {{m|ang|tōm||empty}}, from {{etyl|gem-pro|en}} {{m|gem-pro|*tōmaz||free, available, empty}}, from {{etyl|ine-pro|en}} {{m|ine-pro|*doma-||to tame}}, {{m|ine-pro|*dema-||to build}}. Cognate with {{etyl|da|-}} and {{etyl|sv|-}} {{m|da|tom||empty, vacant}}, {{cog|is|tómur||empty}}.
From {{inh|en|enm|toom}}, {{m|enm|tom}}, from {{inh|en|ang|tōm|t=empty}}, from {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*tōm(ī)}}, from {{inh|en|gem-pro|*tōmaz|*tōm(ij)az|t=free, available, empty}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*doma-|t=to tame}}, {{m|ine-pro|*dema-|t=to build}}. Cognate with {{cog|da|-}} and {{cog|sv|-}} {{m|da|tom||empty, vacant}}, {{cog|is|tómur||empty}}.


====Adjective====
====Adjective====
{{en-adj}}
{{en-adj}}


# {{lb|en|rare|or|dialectal|Northern England|Scotland}} [[empty|Empty]].
# {{lb|en|rare|or|dialectal|Northern England|Scotland}} [[empty|Empty]]; [[bare]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1778|author=Alexander Ross|title=Fortunate Shepherdess|page=62|passage=Gin she was '''toom''' afore, she's '''toomer''' now, <br>Her heart was like to loup out at her mou'.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1825|title=The Tyneside Songster|passage=Then hie to the Custom House, add to your pleasures, Now you're well cover'd, so '''toom''' the new measures: It ne'er will be finish'd, I'll wager a groat, Till they've cut a canal te admit five-men boats!}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1895|author=James Matthew Barrie|title=The Little Minister|page=135|passage=Every time Gavin's cup went to his lips Nanny calculated (correctly) how much he had drunk, and yet, when the right moment arrived, she asked in the English voice that is fashionable at ceremonies, "if his cup was '''toom'''."}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1896|title=Scribner's Magazine|volume=20|passage="You saw it was '''toom'''. The lamp had gone out itself, or else — what's that?"}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1902|author=John Buchan|title=The Outgoing of the Tide
|passage=It seemed to him that his soul had gone from him, and he was as '''toom''' as a hazel shell.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1951|author=Ivor John Carnegie Brown|title=I break my word|page=120|passage=Bare is much better. 'When she got there, the cupboard was bare' does call up the distress of those with naked larders. 'The cupboard was empty' would not be poignant at all. But 'the cupboard was '''toom'''' would utter the voice of real despair.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1974|author=Ranald Nicholson|title=Scotland: the later Middle Ages|page=50|passage=His tabard was ''''toom'''' — bare or empty — and Balliol, the unmade king, became ''''Toom''' Tabard'.}}


=====Derived terms=====
=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|en|toom-handed}}
* {{l|en|toomly}}
* {{l|en|toomly}}


Line 16: Line 28:
{{en-noun}}
{{en-noun}}


# {{lb|en|chiefly Scottish}} A piece of [[waste]] [[ground]] where rubbish is shot.
# {{lb|en|chiefly Scottish}} A piece of [[waste]] [[ground]] where [[rubbish]] is [[deposit]]ed.


====Verb====
====Verb====
Line 24: Line 36:


===Etymology 2===
===Etymology 2===
From {{etyl|enm|en}} {{m|enm|toom}}, {{m|enm|tome}}, {{m|enm|tom}}, from {{etyl|non|en}} {{m|non|tóm||vacant time, leisure}}, from {{etyl|gem-pro|en}} {{m|gem-pro|*tōmą||vacant time, leisure}}. Related to {{cog|non|tómr|tōmr|vacant, empty}}.
From {{inh|en|enm|toom}}, {{m|enm|tome}}, {{m|enm|tom}}, from {{der|en|non|tóm|t=vacant time, leisure}}, from {{der|en|gem-pro|*tōmą|t=vacant time, leisure}}. Related to {{cog|non|tómr|t=vacant, empty}}.


====Noun====
====Noun====
{{en-noun|-|tooms}}
{{en-noun|-|s}}


# [[vacant|Vacant]] time, [[leisure]].
# [[vacant|Vacant]] time, [[leisure]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1978|title=Art and Artists|passage=He had exhausted Bath, but his connections and introductions made the transition easy. There was '''toom''' for two in the capital.}}


===References===
----
* {{R:DSL}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=moot|MOTO|moot|moto|moto-|tomo-}}


==Dutch==
==Dutch==

⚫
===Pronunciation===
⚫
* {{audio|Nl-toom.ogg|audio|lang=nl}}
⚫
* {{rhymes|oːm|lang=nl}}


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{PIE root|nl|dewk}}
{{root|nl|ine-pro|*dewk-}}
From {{inh|nl|odt|*tōm}}, from {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*taumaz}}.
From {{inh|nl|dum|toom}}, from {{inh|nl|odt|*tōm}}, from {{inh|nl|gmw-pro|*taum}}, from {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*taumaz}}.

Doublet with Dutch {{m|nl|team}}, from English.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/toːm/}}
⚫
* {{audio|nl|Nl-toom.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|toom}}
* {{rhymes|nl|oːm|s=1}}
* {{homophones|nl|Toom}}


===Noun===
===Noun===
{{nl-noun|m|-en|toompje}}
{{nl-noun|m|g2=n|-en|toompje}}


# [[bridle]], [[rein]]
# [[bridle]], [[rein]]
Line 50: Line 72:
# a [[flock]] of [[bird]]s (especially [[duck]]s, [[geese]] and [[swan]]s)
# a [[flock]] of [[bird]]s (especially [[duck]]s, [[geese]] and [[swan]]s)
# [[frenulum]]
# [[frenulum]]

====Descendants====
* {{desc|dcr|toom}}


===Anagrams===
===Anagrams===
* {{l|nl|moot}}
* {{l|nl|moot}}

----


==Estonian==
==Estonian==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|et|fiu-fin-pro|*toomi}}, from {{etyl|urj-pro|et}} {{m|urj-pro|*ďëme}}.
From {{inh|et|urj-fin-pro|*toomi}}, from {{der|et|urj-pro|*ďëme}}.


===Noun===
===Noun===
Line 67: Line 90:


====Inflection====
====Inflection====
{{et-decl-külm|too|m|m|e}}
{{rfinfl|et|noun}}


====Synonyms====
====Synonyms====
* {{l|et|toomingas}}
* {{l|et|toomingas}}


{{catlangcode|et|Trees}}
{{topics|et|Trees}}

[[fr:toom]]
[[li:toom]]
[[mg:toom]]
[[nl:toom]]
[[ru:toom]]
[[tr:toom]]

Revision as of 05:04, 12 September 2024

See also: Toom

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle English toom, tom, from Old English tōm (“empty”), from Proto-West Germanic *tōm(ī), from Proto-Germanic *tōm(ij)az (“free, available, empty”), from Proto-Indo-European *doma- (“to tame”), *dema- (“to build”). Cognate with Danish and Swedish tom (“empty, vacant”), Icelandic tómur (“empty”).

Adjective

toom (comparative more toom, superlative most toom)

  1. (rare or dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Empty; bare.
    • 1778, Alexander Ross, Fortunate Shepherdess, page 62:
      Gin she was toom afore, she's toomer now,
      Her heart was like to loup out at her mou'.
    • 1825, The Tyneside Songster:
      Then hie to the Custom House, add to your pleasures, Now you're well cover'd, so toom the new measures: It ne'er will be finish'd, I'll wager a groat, Till they've cut a canal te admit five-men boats!
    • 1895, James Matthew Barrie, The Little Minister, page 135:
      Every time Gavin's cup went to his lips Nanny calculated (correctly) how much he had drunk, and yet, when the right moment arrived, she asked in the English voice that is fashionable at ceremonies, "if his cup was toom."
    • 1896, Scribner's Magazine, volume 20:
      "You saw it was toom. The lamp had gone out itself, or else — what's that?"
    • 1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:
      It seemed to him that his soul had gone from him, and he was as toom as a hazel shell.
    • 1951, Ivor John Carnegie Brown, I break my word, page 120:
      Bare is much better. 'When she got there, the cupboard was bare' does call up the distress of those with naked larders. 'The cupboard was empty' would not be poignant at all. But 'the cupboard was toom' would utter the voice of real despair.
    • 1974, Ranald Nicholson, Scotland: the later Middle Ages, page 50:
      His tabard was 'toom' — bare or empty — and Balliol, the unmade king, became 'Toom Tabard'.
Derived terms

Noun

toom (plural tooms)

  1. (chiefly Scottish) A piece of waste ground where rubbish is deposited.

Verb

toom (third-person singular simple present tooms, present participle tooming, simple past and past participle toomed)

  1. (rare or dialectal) To empty; teem.

Etymology 2

From Middle English toom, tome, tom, from Old Norse tóm (“vacant time, leisure”), from Proto-Germanic *tōmą (“vacant time, leisure”). Related to Old Norse tómr (“vacant, empty”).

Noun

toom (usually uncountable, plural tooms)

  1. Vacant time, leisure.
    • 1978, Art and Artists:
      He had exhausted Bath, but his connections and introductions made the transition easy. There was toom for two in the capital.

References

Anagrams

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch toom, from Old Dutch *tōm, from Proto-West Germanic *taum, from Proto-Germanic *taumaz.

Doublet with Dutch team, from English.

Pronunciation

Noun

toom m or n (plural tomen, diminutive toompje n)

  1. bridle, rein
    Je moet die jongens echt even in toom houden - You really need to keep those boys in check
  2. a flock of birds (especially ducks, geese and swans)
  3. frenulum

Descendants

  • Negerhollands: toom

Anagrams

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *toomi, from Proto-Uralic *ďëme.

Noun

toom (genitive toome, partitive toome)

  1. bird cherry

Inflection

Declension of toom (ÕS type 22i/külm, length gradation)
singular plural
nominative toom toomed
accusative nom.
gen. toome
genitive toomede
partitive toome toomi
toomesid
illative toome
toomesse 		toomedesse
toomisse
inessive toomes toomedes
toomis
elative toomest toomedest
toomist
allative toomele toomedele
toomile
adessive toomel toomedel
toomil
ablative toomelt toomedelt
toomilt
translative toomeks toomedeks
toomiks
terminative toomeni toomedeni
essive toomena toomedena
abessive toometa toomedeta
comitative toomega toomedega

Synonyms

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