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[[File:My Grandfather edit.jpg|thumb|A grandfather and his [[granddaughter]]]]
[[File:My Grandfather edit.jpg|thumb|A grandfather and his [[granddaughter]]]]


* {{a|UK}} {{IPA|en|/ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌfɑːðə(r)/}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌfɑːðə(r)/|a=UK}}
** {{audio|en|en-uk-grandfather.ogg|Audio (UK)}}
** {{audio|en|en-uk-grandfather.ogg|a=UK}}
** {{a|RP}} {{IPA|en|/ˈɡɹændˌfɑːðə/}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈɡɹændˌfɑːðə/|a=RP}}
* {{a|GA}} {{enPR|grănd′fä'''th''ər}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌfɑðɚ/|[ˈɡɹ̠(ʷ)ẽˑə̯̃n(d)ˌfɑˑðɚ]}}
* {{enPR|grănd′fä'''th''ər|a=GA}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌfɑðɚ/|[ˈɡɹ̠(ʷ)ẽˑə̯̃n(d)ˌfɑˑðɚ]}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-grandfather.ogg|Audio (GA)}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-grandfather.ogg|a=GA}}
* {{audio|en|en-au-grandfather.ogg|Audio (AU)}}
* {{audio|en|en-au-grandfather.ogg|a=AU}}
* {{hyphenation|en|grand|fa|ther}}
* {{hyphenation|en|grand|fa|ther}}


===Etymology 1===
===Etymology 1===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*gʰer-|*peh₂-}}
The noun is derived from {{inh|en|enm|grandfadre}}, {{m|enm|graundfadir}}, {{m|enm|graunfadir}}, {{m|enm|grauntfader}}, and other forms, from {{m|enm|graunt||big, large; great, important}}<ref>{{R:MED Online|entry=graunt|pos=adj|id=MED19272|accessdate=7 April 2019}}</ref> + {{m|enm|fader|fā̆der|male parent, father; remoter male ancestor}},<ref>{{R:MED Online|entry=fā̆der|pos=n|id=MED15113|accessdate=7 April 2019}}</ref> probably modelled after {{der|en|frm|grandpere}}, {{m|frm|grant pere||male parent; remoter male ancestor}} (whence {{cog|fr|grand-père}});<ref name="OED n">{{R:OED Online|pos=n|id=80657|date=December 2015|nodot=yes}}; {{R:Lexico}}</ref> the English word is analysable as {{prefix|en|grand|father}}. Superseded earlier {{m|en|eldfather}}, {{m|en|elderfather}}.<ref name="OED n"/>
The noun is derived from {{inh|en|enm|grandfadre}}, {{m|enm|graundfadir}}, {{m|enm|graunfadir}}, {{m|enm|grauntfader}}, and other forms, from {{m|enm|graunt||big, large; great, important}}<ref>{{R:MED Online|entry=graunt|pos=adj|id=MED19272|accessdate=7 April 2019}}</ref> + {{m|enm|fader|fā̆der|male parent, father; remoter male ancestor}},<ref>{{R:MED Online|entry=fā̆der|pos=n|id=MED15113|accessdate=7 April 2019}}</ref> probably modelled after {{der|en|frm|grandpere}}, {{m|frm|grant pere||male parent; remoter male ancestor}} (whence {{cog|fr|grand-père}});<ref name="OED n">{{R:OED Online|pos=n|id=80657|date=December 2015|nodot=yes}}; {{R:Lexico}}</ref> the English word is analysable as {{prefix|en|grand|father}}. Superseded earlier {{m|en|eldfather}}, {{m|en|elderfather}}.<ref name="OED n"/>


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#: {{synonyms|en|Thesaurus:grandfather}}
#: {{synonyms|en|Thesaurus:grandfather}}
#: {{antonyms|en|grandmother|q1=with regard to gender|grandson|q2=with regard to ancestry|Thesaurus:grandmother}}
#: {{antonyms|en|grandmother|q1=with regard to gender|grandson|q2=with regard to ancestry|Thesaurus:grandmother}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[Edmund] Plowden|authorlink=Edmund Plowden|entry=Entry|translator=H. B.|title=Plovvdens Quæries: Or, A Moot-book of Choice Cases, Useful for the Young Students of the Common Law: Englished, Methodized, and Enlarged|location=London|publisher=Printed for Ch. Adams, J. Starkey, and Tho[mas] Basset,{{nb...|at their shops in Fleetstreet.}}|year=1662|page=117|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=9gdlAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA117|oclc=15543598|passage='''Grandfather''', Father, and Son. The Father [[disseize|diſſeiſeth]] the '''Grandfather''' and dies, the Son endows the Mother, the '''Grandfather''' dies, the Son may enter upon the Mother; for he hath a new Right deſcended to him from the '''Grandfather''', for the '''Grandfather''' might have entred upon the Mother, ſo ſhall his Heir.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Edmund Plowden|[Edmund] Plowden]]|entry=Entry|translator=H. B.|title=Plovvdens Quæries: Or, A Moot-book of Choice Cases, Useful for the Young Students of the Common Law: Englished, Methodized, and Enlarged|location=London|publisher=Printed for Ch. Adams, J. Starkey, and Tho[mas] Basset,{{nb...|at their shops in Fleetstreet.}}|year=1662|page=117|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=9gdlAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA117|oclc=15543598|passage='''Grandfather''', Father, and Son. The Father [[disseize|diſſeiſeth]] the '''Grandfather''' and dies, the Son endows the Mother, the '''Grandfather''' dies, the Son may enter upon the Mother; for he hath a new Right deſcended to him from the '''Grandfather''', for the '''Grandfather''' might have entred upon the Mother, ſo ſhall his Heir.}}
#* {{RQ:Blackstone Commentaries|book=II|chapter=Of Title by Descent|page=203|passage=Lineal conſanguinity is that which ſubſists between perſons, of whom one is deſcended in a direct line from the other: as between John Stiles (the ''propoſitus'' in the table of conſanguinity) and his father, '''grandfather''', and great-'''grandfather''', and ſo upwards in the direct aſcending line; or between John Stiles and his ſon, grandſon, great-grandſon, and ſo downwards in the direct deſcending line.}}
#* {{RQ:Blackstone Commentaries|book=II|chapter=Of Title by Descent|page=203|passage=Lineal conſanguinity is that which ſubſists between perſons, of whom one is deſcended in a direct line from the other: as between John Stiles (the ''propoſitus'' in the table of conſanguinity) and his father, '''grandfather''', and great-'''grandfather''', and ſo upwards in the direct aſcending line; or between John Stiles and his ſon, grandſon, great-grandſon, and ſo downwards in the direct deſcending line.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|title={{smallcaps|An Historical Developement of the Political Constitution of the Germanic Empire.}} By [[w:Johann Stephan Pütter|J[ohann] S[tephan] Pütter]], Privy Counsellor of Justice, &c. Translated from the German, by Josiah Dornford, of Lincoln’s Inn, L.L.D. Vol. II.|magazine=The Literary Magazine and British Review|location=London|publisher=Printed for the proprietors and sold by C[hristopher] Forster{{nb...|No. 41, Poultry.}}|month=October|year=1790|volume=V|page=290|pageurl=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101073758110;view=1up;seq=320|column=2|oclc=973701443|passage=One circumſtance {{...}} peculiar to the Germanic empire, is the diſtinction between its mediate and immediate members. In the ſame manner as two objects which we may ſuppose to have relation to each other, are immediately related, when there is no third object intervening, but otherwiſe only mediate. This may be illuſtrated by the example of the connexion between a '''grandfather''' and his children, who may be ſaid to be mediately related; while the relation between the parents and children, on the contrary, is immediate; {{...}}}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|title={{smallcaps|An Historical Developement of the Political Constitution of the Germanic Empire.}} By [[w:Johann Stephan Pütter|J[ohann] S[tephan] Pütter]], Privy Counsellor of Justice, &c. Translated from the German, by Josiah Dornford, of Lincoln’s Inn, L.L.D. Vol. II.|magazine=The Literary Magazine and British Review|location=London|publisher=Printed for the proprietors and sold by C[hristopher] Forster{{nb...|No. 41, Poultry.}}|month=October|year=1790|volume=V|page=290|pageurl=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101073758110;view=1up;seq=320|column=2|oclc=973701443|passage=One circumſtance {{...}} peculiar to the Germanic empire, is the diſtinction between its mediate and immediate members. In the ſame manner as two objects which we may ſuppose to have relation to each other, are immediately related, when there is no third object intervening, but otherwiſe only mediate. This may be illuſtrated by the example of the connexion between a '''grandfather''' and his children, who may be ſaid to be mediately related; while the relation between the parents and children, on the contrary, is immediate; {{...}}}}
#* {{quote-song|en|author=Henry C[lay] Work|authorlink=Henry Clay Work|title=[[w:My Grandfather's Clock|Grandfather’s Clock. Song and Chorus]]|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=Published by C. M. Cady,{{nb...|107 Duane St.}}|year=1876|pages=34|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/imslp-clock-work-henry-clay/page/n1/mode/1up|oclc=18195848|passage=My '''grandfather'''’s clock was too large for the shelf.— / So it stood ninety years on the floor; / It was taller by half than the old man himself, / Though it weighed not a pennyweight more. / It was bought on the morn of the day that he was born, / And was always his treasure and pride; / But it stopp’d short—never to go again— / When the old man died.}}
#* {{quote-song|en|author=[[w:Henry Clay Work|Henry C[lay] Work]]|title=[[w:My Grandfather's Clock|Grandfather’s Clock. Song and Chorus]]|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=Published by C. M. Cady,{{nb...|107 Duane St.}}|year=1876|pages=34|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/imslp-clock-work-henry-clay/page/n1/mode/1up|oclc=18195848|passage=My '''grandfather'''’s clock was too large for the shelf.— / So it stood ninety years on the floor; / It was taller by half than the old man himself, / Though it weighed not a pennyweight more. / It was bought on the morn of the day that he was born, / And was always his treasure and pride; / But it stopp’d short—never to go again— / When the old man died.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Richard Willstätter|authorlink=Richard Willstätter|chapter=My Ancestors|translator=[[w:Lilli Hornig|Lilli S[chwenk] Hornig]]|editor={{w|Arthur Stoll}}|title=From My Life: The Memoirs of Richard Willstätter: Translated from the German Edition|location=New York, N.Y.; Amsterdam|publisher=[[w:Benjamin Cummings|W. A. Benjamin]]|date=25 March 1965|page=10|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=kutWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA10|oclc=928960584|passage='''Grandfather''' was friendly, formal, and strict with the children in his large family, and quite displeased with the lively goings-on of the grandchildren. {{...}} He only joked with me once, when I was four, and never again. Our festive Sunday dinner was crowned by a pudding. Perhaps I looked too greedy—'''Grandfather''' threatened to throw the pudding out of the window. It is reported that I answered, "Then I'll jump out of the window and gobble it up all by myself."}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Richard Willstätter|chapter=My Ancestors|translator=[[w:Lilli Hornig|Lilli S[chwenk] Hornig]]|editor=w:Arthur Stoll|title=From My Life: The Memoirs of Richard Willstätter: Translated from the German Edition|location=New York, N.Y.; Amsterdam|publisher=[[w:Benjamin Cummings|W. A. Benjamin]]|date=25 March 1965|page=10|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=kutWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA10|oclc=928960584|passage='''Grandfather''' was friendly, formal, and strict with the children in his large family, and quite displeased with the lively goings-on of the grandchildren. {{...}} He only joked with me once, when I was four, and never again. Our festive Sunday dinner was crowned by a pudding. Perhaps I looked too greedy—'''Grandfather''' threatened to throw the pudding out of the window. It is reported that I answered, "Then I'll jump out of the window and gobble it up all by myself."}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Jo-Pei Tan|author2=Ann Buchanan|chapter=Links between Grandfather Involvement and Adolescent Well-being in England and Wales|editors=Ann Buchanan and Anna Rotkirch|title=Grandfathers: Global Perspectives|series=Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Family and Intimate Life|location=London|publisher={{w|Palgrave Macmillan}}|year=2016|section=part IV (Impact on Grandfathers)|page=233|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=804iDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA233|doi=10.1057/978-1-137-56338-5|isbn=978-1-137-56337-8|passage=Both paternal and maternal '''grandfathers''' were highly involved in various facets of adolescents' lives, with maternal '''grandfathers''' providing more support in general{{nb...}}. It was found that, on average, maternal '''grandfathers''' were more involved with adolescent grandchildren than paternal '''grandfathers'''. Adolescents also felt closer to maternal '''grandfathers''' compared to paternal '''grandfathers'''. This may be explained by the more regular contact and closer geographical distance between these '''grandfathers''' and adolescents.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Jo-Pei Tan; Ann Buchanan|chapter=Links between Grandfather Involvement and Adolescent Well-being in England and Wales|editors=Ann Buchanan; Anna Rotkirch|title=Grandfathers: Global Perspectives|series=Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Family and Intimate Life|location=London|publisher=w:Palgrave Macmillan|year=2016|section=part IV (Impact on Grandfathers)|page=233|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=804iDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA233|doi=10.1057/978-1-137-56338-5|isbn=978-1-137-56337-8|passage=Both paternal and maternal '''grandfathers''' were highly involved in various facets of adolescents' lives, with maternal '''grandfathers''' providing more support in general{{nb...}}. It was found that, on average, maternal '''grandfathers''' were more involved with adolescent grandchildren than paternal '''grandfathers'''. Adolescents also felt closer to maternal '''grandfathers''' compared to paternal '''grandfathers'''. This may be explained by the more regular contact and closer geographical distance between these '''grandfathers''' and adolescents.}}
# {{lb|en|by extension}} A [[male]] [[forefather]].
# {{lb|en|by extension}} A [[male]] [[forefather]].
#: {{synonyms|en|highfather|q1=rare|grandsire}}
#: {{synonyms|en|highfather|q1=rare|grandsire}}
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#* {{quote-text|en|year=2004|author=Ray Bradley|title=The Ultimate Computing Glossary for Advanced Level|page=31
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2004|author=Ray Bradley|title=The Ultimate Computing Glossary for Advanced Level|page=31
|passage=Three generations of file are usually kept, being the '''grandfather''', father and son files.}}
|passage=Three generations of file are usually kept, being the '''grandfather''', father and son files.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2007|author=O. Ray Whittington|author2=Patrick R. Delaney|title=Wiley CPA Exam Review 2008: Auditing and Attestation|page=556
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2007|author=O. Ray Whittington; Patrick R. Delaney|title=Wiley CPA Exam Review 2008: Auditing and Attestation|page=556
|passage=The file from which the father was developed with the transaction files of the appropriate day is the '''grandfather'''.}}
|passage=The file from which the father was developed with the transaction files of the appropriate day is the '''grandfather'''.}}


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|grandfatherless|grandfatherly|grandfather paradox|grandfather rights
|grandfatherless|grandfatherly|grandfather paradox|grandfather rights
|grandfather shirt|great-grandfather|great-great-grandfather|great great great grandfather
|grandfather shirt|great-grandfather|great-great-grandfather|great great great grandfather
|stepgrandfather
|stepgrandfather|you kiss your grandfather with that mouth
}}
}}


=====Translations=====
=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|grandfather (from either side)}}
{{trans-top|grandfather (from either side)}}
* Abkhaz: {{t|ab|бду|alt=абду|sc=Cyrl}}
* Abkhaz: {{t|ab|бду|alt=абду}}
* Acehnese: {{t|ace|syik}}, {{t|ace|nek}}
* Acehnese: {{t|ace|syik}}, {{t|ace|nek}}
* Adyghe: {{t|ady|пшъашъэ}}
* Adyghe: {{t|ady|пшъашъэ}}
* Afrikaans: {{t+|af|oupa}}
* Afrikaans: {{t+|af|oupa}}
* Ainu: {{t|ain|エカㇱヒ|tr=ekashi}}
* Ainu: {{t|ain|エカㇱヒ|tr=ekashi}}
* Akkadian: {{t|akk|𒀀𒁉 𒀀𒁉|ts=ab abi|sc=Xsux}}
* Akkadian: {{t|akk|𒀀𒁉 𒀀𒁉|ts=ab abi}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|gjysh}}, {{t+|sq|babagjysh}}, {{t+|sq|tatëmadh|m}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|gjysh}}, {{t+|sq|babagjysh}}, {{t+|sq|tatëmadh|m}}
* Aleut: {{t|ale|latux}}
* Aleut: {{t|ale|latux}}
* Ambonese Malay: {{t|abs|opa}}
* Ambonese Malay: {{t|abs|opa}}
* Amharic: {{t+|am|አያት|sc=Ethi}}
* Amharic: {{t+|am|አያት}}
* Arabic: {{t+|ar|جَدّ}}
* Arabic: {{t+|ar|جَدّ}}
*: Egyptian Arabic: {{t|arz|جد|m|tr=gidd}}
*: Egyptian Arabic: {{t|arz|جد|m|tr=gidd}}
*: Hijazi Arabic: {{t|acw|سِيد|m|tr=sīd}}, {{t|acw|جَدّ|m|tr=jadd}}
*: Moroccan Arabic: {{t|ary|جد|tr=jadd}}, {{t|ary|با سيد|tr=bā sīd}}
*: Moroccan Arabic: {{t|ary|جد|tr=jadd}}, {{t|ary|با سيد|tr=bā sīd}}
*: South Levantine Arabic: {{t|ajp|جد|tr=jidd}}, {{t|ajp|سيد|tr=sīd}}
*: South Levantine Arabic: {{t|ajp|جد|tr=jidd}}, {{t|ajp|سيد|tr=sīd}}
* Aragonese: {{t|an|agüelo|m}}
* Aragonese: {{t|an|agüelo|m}}
*Aramaic:
⚫
*: Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: {{t|aii|ܣܵܒ݂ܵܐ|m}}
*: Classical Syriac: {{t|syc|ܣܒܐ|m|tr=sāḇā}}, {{t|syc|ܩܫܝܫܐ|m|tr=qaššīšā}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|պապ}}, {{t+|hy|պապիկ}}, {{t+|hy|հավ}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|պապ}}, {{t+|hy|պապիկ}}, {{t+|hy|հավ}}
* Aromanian: {{t|rup|ghiush|m}}, {{t|rup|tot|m}}, {{t|rup|pap|m}}
* Aromanian: {{t|rup|ghiush|m}}, {{t|rup|tot|m}}, {{t|rup|pap|m}}
* Assamese: {{t|as|ককা}}
* Assamese: {{t|as|ককা}}
⚫
* Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: {{t|aii|ܣܵܒ݂ܵܐ|m|tr=sāwā}}
* Asturian: {{t+|ast|güelu|m}}
* Asturian: {{t+|ast|güelu|m}}
* Avar: {{t|av|кӏудада|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t|av|дахӏадада|sc=Cyrl}}
* Avar: {{t|av|кӏудада}}, {{t|av|дахӏадада}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|baba}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|baba}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|олатай|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t|ba|ҡартатай|sc=Cyrl}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|олатай}}, {{t|ba|ҡартатай}}
* Basque: {{t+|eu|aitona}}, {{t+|eu|aitatxi}}
* Basque: {{t+|eu|aitona}}, {{t+|eu|aitatxi}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|дзед|m}}, {{t|be|дзяду́ля|m}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|дзед|m}}, {{t|be|дзяду́ля|m}}
* Bengali: {{t|bn|ঠাকুরদা|tr=ṭhakurda}} {{t+|bn|দাদু}}, {{t+|bn|দাদা}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t|bn|নানা}} {{qualifier|maternal}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|ঠাকুরদা}} {{t+|bn|দাদু}}, {{t+|bn|দাদা}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t+|bn|নানা}} {{qualifier|maternal}}
* Bikol Central: {{t+|bcl|lolo}}
* Bikol Central: {{t+|bcl|lolo}}
* Breton: {{t+|br|tad-kozh|m}}
* Breton: {{t+|br|tad-kozh|m}}
Line 97: Line 101:
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|爺爺|tr=je4 je4-2}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t|yue|公公|tr=gung1 gung1, gung1-4 gung1}} {{qualifier|maternal}}, {{t|yue|祖父|tr=zou2 fu6}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t|yue|外祖父|tr=ngoi6 zou2 fu6}} {{qualifier|maternal}}, {{t|yue|外公|tr=ngoi6 gung1}} {{qualifier|maternal}}
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|爺爺|tr=je4 je4-2}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t|yue|公公|tr=gung1 gung1, gung1-4 gung1}} {{qualifier|maternal}}, {{t|yue|祖父|tr=zou2 fu6}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t|yue|外祖父|tr=ngoi6 zou2 fu6}} {{qualifier|maternal}}, {{t|yue|外公|tr=ngoi6 gung1}} {{qualifier|maternal}}
*: Hakka: {{t|hak|阿公|tr=â-kûng}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t|hak|姐公|tr=chiá-kûng}} {{qualifier|maternal}}, {{t|hak|外阿公|tr=ngoi-â-kûng}} {{qualifier|maternal}}
*: Hakka: {{t|hak|阿公|tr=â-kûng}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t|hak|姐公|tr=chiá-kûng}} {{qualifier|maternal}}, {{t|hak|外阿公|tr=ngoi-â-kûng}} {{qualifier|maternal}}
⚫
*: Hokkien: {{t+|nan-hbl|阿公|tr=a-kong}}, {{t|nan-hbl|俺公|tr=án-kong}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t|nan-hbl|外公|tr=guā-kong}} {{qualifier|maternal}}, {{t|nan-hbl|火烌公|tr=hóe-hu-kong, hé-hu-kong}} {{qualifier|maternal}}, {{t|nan-hbl|內公|tr=lāi-kong}} {{qualifier|paternal, indirect}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|爺爺|tr=yéye}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t+|cmn|祖父|tr=zǔfù}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t+|cmn|外祖父|tr=wàizǔfù}} {{qualifier|maternal}}, {{t+|cmn|外公|tr=wàigōng}} {{qualifier|maternal, colloquial}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|爺爺|tr=yéye}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t+|cmn|祖父|tr=zǔfù}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t+|cmn|外祖父|tr=wàizǔfù}} {{qualifier|maternal}}, {{t+|cmn|外公|tr=wàigōng}} {{qualifier|maternal, colloquial}}
⚫
*: Min Nan: {{t+|nan|阿公|tr=a-kong}}, {{t|nan|俺公|tr=án-kong}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t|nan|外公|tr=guā-kong}} {{qualifier|maternal}}, {{t|nan|火烌公|tr=hóe-hu-kong, hé-hu-kong}} {{qualifier|maternal}}, {{t|nan|內公|tr=lāi-kong}} {{qualifier|paternal, indirect}}
* Chinook Jargon: {{t|chn|chitsh}}
* Chinook Jargon: {{t|chn|chitsh}}
* Chukchi: {{t|ckt|апайӈын|tr=apajṇyn}}
* Chukchi: {{t|ckt|апайӈын|tr=apajṇyn}}
* Chuvash: {{t|cv|асатте}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t|cv|кукаҫи}} {{qualifier|maternal}}
* Corsican: {{t|co|babbone}}
* Corsican: {{t|co|babbone}}
* Crimean Tatar: {{t|crh|qartbaba}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|děda|m}}, {{t+|cs|děd|m}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|děda|m}}, {{t+|cs|děd|m}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|bedstefar|c}}, {{t|da|bedstefader|c}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|bedstefar|c}}, {{t|da|bedstefader|c}}
Line 127: Line 133:
* Hawaiian: {{t|haw|kupuna kāne}}
* Hawaiian: {{t|haw|kupuna kāne}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|סָב|m|tr=sav}}, {{t+|he|סַבָּא|m|tr=sába}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|סָב|m|tr=sav}}, {{t+|he|סַבָּא|m|tr=sába}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|दादा|m}}, {{t+|hi|नाना|m}} {{qualifier|maternal}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|दादा|m}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t+|hi|नाना|m}} {{qualifier|maternal}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|nagyapa}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|nagyapa}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|afi|m}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|afi|m}}
Line 140: Line 146:
* Istriot: {{t|ist|nono|f}}
* Istriot: {{t|ist|nono|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|nonno|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|nonno|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|お爺さん|tr=おじいさん, ojiisan|sc=Jpan}}, {{t+|ja|祖父|tr=そふ, sofu|sc=Jpan}} {{qualifier|only about one's own}}, {{t+|ja|外祖父|tr=がいそふ, gaisofu|sc=Jpan}} {{qualifier|maternal, only about one's own}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|お爺さん|tr=おじいさん, ojiisan}}, {{t+|ja|祖父|tr=そふ, sofu}} {{qualifier|only about one's own}}, {{t+|ja|外祖父|tr=がいそふ, gaisofu}} {{qualifier|maternal, only about one's own}}
* Javanese: {{t|jv|mbah}}, {{t+|jv|eyang}}
* Javanese: {{t|jv|mbah}}, {{t+|jv|eyang}}
* Jeju: {{t|jje|하르방}}
* Jeju: {{t|jje|하르방}}
* Kashmiri: {{t|ks|بُڈؠ بَب}}
* Kashmiri: {{t|ks|بُڈؠ بَب}}
* Kazakh: {{t+|kk|ата|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t+|kk|баба|sc=Cyrl}}
* Kazakh: {{t+|kk|ата}}, {{t+|kk|баба}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|តា|sc=Khmr|tr=taa}}, {{t+|km|អយ្យកោ|sc=Khmr|tr=ayyeakao}}, {{t+|km|ជីតា|tr=cii taa}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|តា|tr=taa}}, {{t+|km|អយ្យកោ|tr=ayyeakao}}, {{t+|km|ជីតា|tr=cii taa}}
* Khoekhoe: {{t|naq|ǁgaosab}}
* Khoekhoe: {{t|naq|ǁgaosab}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|할아버지}}, {{t+|ko|친할아버지}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t+|ko|외할아버지}} {{qualifier|maternal}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|할아버지}}, {{t+|ko|친할아버지}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t+|ko|외할아버지}} {{qualifier|maternal}}
* Krio: {{t|kri|grandpa}}
* Krio: {{t|kri|grandpa}}
* Krymchak: {{t|jct|baba}}
* Kumyk: {{t|kum|баба}}
* Kurdish:
* Kurdish:
*: Central Kurdish: {{t+|ckb|باپیر}}
*: Central Kurdish: {{t+|ckb|باپیر}}
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t|kmr|bapîr|m}}
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|bapîr|m}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t|ky|чоң ата|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t|ky|тай ата|sc=Cyrl}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t|ky|чоң ата}}, {{t|ky|тай ата}}
* Ladino: {{t|lad|nono}}, {{t|lad|avuelo}}, {{t|lad|papú}}, {{t|lad|granpapa}}
* Ladino: {{t|lad|nono}}, {{t|lad|avuelo}}, {{t|lad|papú}}, {{t|lad|granpapa}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ປູ່}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t+|lo|ຕາ}} {{qualifier|maternal}}, {{t+|lo|ຕູ້}} {{qualifier|grandfather or grandmother}}, {{t|lo|ໄອຍະກາ}} {{qualifier|literary}}, {{t|lo|ພໍ່ໃຫຍ່}}, {{t|lo|ມາຕາມະຫະ}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ປູ່}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t+|lo|ຕາ}} {{qualifier|maternal}}, {{t+|lo|ຕູ້}} {{qualifier|grandfather or grandmother}}, {{t|lo|ໄອຍະກາ}} {{qualifier|literary}}, {{t|lo|ພໍ່ໃຫຍ່}}, {{t|lo|ມາຕາມະຫະ}}
Line 161: Line 169:
* Low German:
* Low German:
*: German Low German: {{t|nds-de|Grautvader}} {{q|Paderbornisch}}, {{t|nds-de|Grotvader}} {{q|Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch; Dithmarsisch}}, {{t|nds-de|Grotvader}} & {{t|nds-de|Großvader}} {{q|Schleswig-Holsteinisch; the latter influenced by High German}}; {{t|nds-de|Grootvader|m}}, {{t|nds-de|Grootvoder|m}}, {{t|nds-de|Grootvadder|m}}
*: German Low German: {{t|nds-de|Grautvader}} {{q|Paderbornisch}}, {{t|nds-de|Grotvader}} {{q|Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch; Dithmarsisch}}, {{t|nds-de|Grotvader}} & {{t|nds-de|Großvader}} {{q|Schleswig-Holsteinisch; the latter influenced by High German}}; {{t|nds-de|Grootvader|m}}, {{t|nds-de|Grootvoder|m}}, {{t|nds-de|Grootvadder|m}}
* Luganda: {{t|lg|jjajja omusajja}}
* Luganda: {{t|lg|jjajja omusajja}}, {{t|lg|jajja omusajja}}
* Lutshootseed: {{t|lut|scapaʔ}}
* Lutshootseed: {{t|lut|scapaʔ}}
* Luxembourgish: {{t|lb|Grousspapp|m}}
* Luxembourgish: {{t|lb|Grousspapp|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t+|mk|де́до|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t+|mk|де́до|m}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|datuk}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|datuk}}
* Malayalam: {{t|ml|മുത്തച്ഛന്‍}}, {{t|ml|അപ്പൂപ്പന്‍}}
* Malayalam: {{t|ml|മുത്തച്ഛന്‍}}, {{t|ml|അപ്പൂപ്പന്‍}}
* Maltese: {{t|mt|ġidd|m}}, {{t|mt|nannu|m}}
* Maltese: {{t|mt|ġidd|m}}, {{t|mt|nannu|m}}
Line 174: Line 182:
* Mirandese: {{t|mwl|abó|m}}, {{t|mwl|abó pai|m}}, {{t|mwl|abó de las calças|m}}, {{t|mwl|pai-abó|m}}, {{t|mwl|bó|m}}
* Mirandese: {{t|mwl|abó|m}}, {{t|mwl|abó pai|m}}, {{t|mwl|abó de las calças|m}}, {{t|mwl|pai-abó|m}}, {{t|mwl|bó|m}}
* Mòcheno: {{t|mhn|nono|m}}
* Mòcheno: {{t|mhn|nono|m}}
* Mongolian: {{t+|mn|өвөө|sc=Cyrl}}
* Mongolian: {{t+|mn|өвөө}}
* Navajo: {{qualifier|maternal}} {{t|nv|acheii}}, {{qualifier|paternal}} {{t|nv|análí}}
* Navajo: {{qualifier|maternal}} {{t|nv|acheii}}, {{qualifier|paternal}} {{t|nv|análí}}
* Nivkh: {{t|niv|атак}}
* Nivkh: {{t|niv|атак}}
Line 186: Line 194:
* O'odham: {{qualifier|maternal}} {{t|ood|ba꞉b}}, {{qualifier|paternal}} {{t|ood|wosk}}
* O'odham: {{qualifier|maternal}} {{t|ood|ba꞉b}}, {{qualifier|paternal}} {{t|ood|wosk}}
* Occitan: {{t|oc|grand paire|m}}
* Occitan: {{t|oc|grand paire|m}}
⚫
* Odia: {{t|or|ଜେଜେବାପା}}
* Ojibwe: {{q|my grandfather}} {{t|oj|nimishoomis}}
* Ojibwe: {{q|my grandfather}} {{t|oj|nimishoomis}}
* Old Church Slavonic: {{t|cu|дѣдъ|m}}
* Old Church Slavonic: {{t|cu|дѣдъ|m}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|eald fæder|m}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|eald fæder|m}}
* Old Norse: {{t|non|afi|m}}
* Old Norse: {{t|non|afi|m}}
⚫
* Oriya: {{t|or|ଜେଜେବାପା}}
* Oromo: {{t|om|akaakayyuu}}
* Oromo: {{t|om|akaakayyuu}}
* Ossetian: {{t|os|дада|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t|os|баба|sc=Cyrl}}
* Ossetian: {{t|os|дада}}, {{t|os|баба}}
* Papiamentu: {{t|pap|welo}}
* Papiamentu: {{t|pap|welo}}
* Pashto: {{t|ps|نیکه|tr=nika|sc=ps-Arab}}
* Pashto: {{t|ps|نیکه|tr=nika}}
* Pennsylvania German: {{t|pdc|Groossvadder|m}}, {{t|pdc|Groossdaadi|m}}
* Pennsylvania German: {{t|pdc|Groossvadder|m}}, {{t|pdc|Groossdaadi|m}}
* Persian: {{t|fa|پدربزرگ|tr=pedar-bozorg}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|پدربزرگ|tr=pedar-bozorg}}
* Plautdietsch: {{t|pdt|Grootfoda|m}}
* Plautdietsch: {{t|pdt|Grootfoda|m}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|dziadek|m-pr}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|dziadek|m-pr}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|avô|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|avô|m}}
* Punjabi: {{t|pa|ਦਾਦਾ|m|sc=Guru}}, {{t|pa|ਦਾਦੇ|p|sc=Guru}}
* Punjabi: {{t|pa|ਦਾਦਾ|m}}, {{t|pa|ਦਾਦੇ|p}}
* Quechua: {{t|qu|awki}}, {{t|qu|jatun tata}}
* Quechua: {{t|qu|awki}}, {{t|qu|jatun tata}}
* Rajasthani: {{t-needed|raj}}
* Romani: {{t|rom|pàpos|m}}
* Romani: {{t|rom|pàpos|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|bunic|m}}, {{t+|ro|tataie|m}}, {{t+|ro|tată mare|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|bunic|m}}, {{t+|ro|tataie|m}}, {{t+|ro|tată mare|m}}
* Romansch: {{t|rm|tat|m}}, {{t|rm|non|m}}
* Romansch: {{t|rm|tat|m}}, {{t|rm|non|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|де́душка|m}}, {{t+|ru|дед|m}}, {{t+|ru|деду́ля|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|де́душка|m}}, {{t+|ru|дед|m}}, {{t+|ru|деду́ля|m}}
* Salar: {{t|slr|paba}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|मातामह|m}} {{q|maternal}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|मातामह|m}} {{q|maternal}}
* Santali: {{t|sat|ᱚᱡᱚ|sc=Olck}}
* Santali: {{t|sat|ᱚᱡᱚ}}
* Sardinian: {{t|sc|donnumannu|m}}
* Sardinian: {{t|sc|donnumannu|m}}
* Scots: {{t|sco|guidsire}}, {{t|sco|grandfaither}}
* Scots: {{t|sco|guidsire}}, {{t|sco|grandfaither}}
Line 215: Line 223:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|дјед|m}}, {{t|sh|дед|m}}, {{t|sh|деда|m}}, {{t|sh|дека|m}}, {{t|sh|декица|m}}, {{t|sh|дедица|m}}
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|дјед|m}}, {{t|sh|дед|m}}, {{t|sh|деда|m}}, {{t|sh|дека|m}}, {{t|sh|декица|m}}, {{t|sh|дедица|m}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|djed|m}}, {{t+|sh|ded|m}}, {{t+|sh|deda|m}}, {{t+|sh|deka|m}}, {{t+|sh|dekica|m}}, {{t+|sh|dedica|m}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|djed|m}}, {{t+|sh|ded|m}}, {{t+|sh|deda|m}}, {{t+|sh|deka|m}}, {{t+|sh|dekica|m}}, {{t+|sh|dedica|m}}
* Siberian Tatar: {{t|sty|пабай}}
* Sicilian: {{t+|scn|nannu|m}}, {{t|scn|tata granni|m}}, {{t|scn|papa granni|m}}
* Sicilian: {{t+|scn|nannu|m}}, {{t|scn|tata granni|m}}, {{t|scn|papa granni|m}}
* Sindhi: {{t-needed|sd}}
* Sindhi: {{t-needed|sd}}
Line 223: Line 232:
* Somali: {{t|so|awow}}
* Somali: {{t|so|awow}}
* Sotho: {{t+|st|ntatemoholo}}
* Sotho: {{t+|st|ntatemoholo}}
* Southern Altai: {{t|alt|таада}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|abuelo|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|abuelo|m}}
* Sundanese: {{t+|su|aki}}
* Sundanese: {{t+|su|aki}}
Line 228: Line 238:
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|farfar|c}} (paternal), {{t+|sv|morfar|c}} (maternal)
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|farfar|c}} (paternal), {{t+|sv|morfar|c}} (maternal)
* Tagalog: {{t+|tl|lolo}}, {{t|tl|ingkong}}, {{t|tl|lelong}}, {{t+|tl|apo}}, {{t|tl|abwelo}}
* Tagalog: {{t+|tl|lolo}}, {{t|tl|ingkong}}, {{t|tl|lelong}}, {{t+|tl|apo}}, {{t|tl|abwelo}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|падарбузург|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t+|tg|бобо}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|падарбузург}}, {{t+|tg|бобо}}
* Tamil: {{t+|ta|தாத்தா}}
* Tamil: {{t+|ta|தாத்தா}}
* Taos: {{t|twf|tàłułi’ína}}
* Taos: {{t|twf|tàłułiʼína}}
* Tatar: {{t+|tt|бабай|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t+|tt|дәү әти|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t|tt|зур әти|sc=Cyrl}}
* Tatar: {{t+|tt|бабай}}, {{t+|tt|дәү әти}}, {{t|tt|зур әти}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|తాతయ్య}}, {{t+|te|తాత}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|తాతయ్య}}, {{t+|te|తాత}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ปู่}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t+|th|ตา}}, {{t+|th|ก๋ง}} {{qualifier|maternal}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ปู่}} {{qualifier|paternal}}, {{t+|th|ตา}}, {{t+|th|ก๋ง}} {{qualifier|maternal}}
Line 242: Line 252:
* Tuvan: {{t|tyv|кырган-ача}}
* Tuvan: {{t|tyv|кырган-ача}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|дід|m}}, {{t|uk|діду́сь|m}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|дід|m}}, {{t|uk|діду́сь|m}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|دادا|m|tr=dādā}}, {{t|ur|نانا|m|tr=nānā}} {{qualifier|maternal}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|دادا|m}}, {{t|ur|نانا|m}} {{qualifier|maternal}}
* Urum: {{t|uum|baba}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|بۇۋا}}, {{t|ug|بوۋا}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|buva}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|buva}}
* Venetian: {{t+|vec|nono|m}}
* Venetian: {{t+|vec|nono|m}}
Line 261: Line 273:


{{trans-top|male forefather}}
{{trans-top|male forefather}}
* Bengali: {{t|bn|পরদাদা|tr=pordada}}
* Bengali: {{t|bn|পরদাদা}}
* Danish: {{t|da|forfader|c}}
* Danish: {{t|da|forfader|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|voorvader|m}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|voorvader|m}}
Line 267: Line 279:
* Galician: {{t|gl|devanceiro|m}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|devanceiro|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|παππούς|m}}, {{t+|el|πάππος}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|παππούς|m}}, {{t+|el|πάππος}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|តា|sc=Khmr|tr=taa}}, {{t+|km|អយ្យកោ|sc=Khmr|tr=ayyeakao}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|តា|tr=taa}}, {{t+|km|អយ្យកោ|tr=ayyeakao}}
* Old Church Slavonic: {{t|cu|дѣдъ|m}}
* Old Church Slavonic: {{t|cu|дѣдъ|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|avoengo|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|avoengo|m}}
Line 292: Line 304:
{{en-verb}}
{{en-verb}}


# {{senseid|en|law}} {{lb|en|transitive|chiefly|US|law}} To [[retain]] [[discontinue]]d [[law]]s or [[rule#Noun|rules]] for (a [[thing]], [[person]] or [[organization]] previously [[affect#Verb|affected]] by them). {{defdate|from 1950s}}
# {{senseid|en|law}} {{lb|en|transitive|chiefly|US|law}} To [[retain]] [[discontinue]]d [[law]]s or [[rule#Noun|rules]] for (an [[object]], [[individual]] or [[organization]] previously [[affect#Verb|affected]] by them). {{defdate|from 1950s}}
#: {{syn|en|grandfather in}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=David Migoya|title=Arvada homes haunted by past due code violations|url=https://www.denverpost.com/2009/06/19/arvada-homes-haunted-by-past-due-code-violations/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203050507/http://www.denverpost.com/2009/06/19/arvada-homes-haunted-by-past-due-code-violations/|archivedate=3 December 2017|newspaper={{w|The Denver Post}}|location=Denver, Colo.|publisher={{w|Digital First Media}}|date=19 June 2009|year_published=6 May 2016 (update)|issn=1930-2193|oclc=137348020|passage=Had the original work been permitted, it would be '''grandfathered''' into any code changes each time they occurred, Arvada officials said. The latest came in 2006.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|author=Alan Greenblatt|title=The Racial History of the Grandfather Clause|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/10/21/239081586/the-racial-history-of-the-grandfather-clause|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330014853/https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/10/21/239081586/the-racial-history-of-the-grandfather-clause|archivedate=30 March 2019|work={{w|NPR}}|date=22 October 2013|passage=Old power plants are sometimes '''grandfathered''' from having to meet new clean air requirements.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=David Migoya|title=Arvada homes haunted by past due code violations|url=https://www.denverpost.com/2009/06/19/arvada-homes-haunted-by-past-due-code-violations/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203050507/http://www.denverpost.com/2009/06/19/arvada-homes-haunted-by-past-due-code-violations/|archivedate=3 December 2017|newspaper=w:The Denver Post|location=Denver, Colo.|publisher=w:Digital First Media|date=19 June 2009|year_published=6 May 2016 (update)|issn=1930-2193|oclc=137348020|passage=Had the original work been permitted, it would be '''grandfathered''' into any code changes each time they occurred, Arvada officials said. The latest came in 2006.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|author=Alan Greenblatt|title=The Racial History of the Grandfather Clause|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/10/21/239081586/the-racial-history-of-the-grandfather-clause|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330014853/https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/10/21/239081586/the-racial-history-of-the-grandfather-clause|archivedate=30 March 2019|work={{w|NPR}}|date=22 October 2013|passage=In 1915, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously in ''Guinn v. United States'' that grandfather clauses were unconstitutional. {{...}} The decision had almost no effect, however. The Oklahoma Legislature met in special session to '''grandfather''' in the grandfather clause. The new law said those who had been registered in 1914&nbsp;– whites under the old system&nbsp;– were automatically registered to vote, while African-Americans could only register between April 30 and May 11, 1916, or forever be disenfranchised. That law stayed on the books until a Supreme Court ruling in 1939.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|author=Alan Greenblatt|title=The Racial History of the Grandfather Clause|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/10/21/239081586/the-racial-history-of-the-grandfather-clause|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330014853/https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/10/21/239081586/the-racial-history-of-the-grandfather-clause|archivedate=30 March 2019|work=w:NPR|date=22 October 2013|passage=Old power plants are sometimes '''grandfathered''' from having to meet new clean air requirements.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|author=Alan Greenblatt|title=The Racial History of the Grandfather Clause|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/10/21/239081586/the-racial-history-of-the-grandfather-clause|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330014853/https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/10/21/239081586/the-racial-history-of-the-grandfather-clause|archivedate=30 March 2019|work=w:NPR|date=22 October 2013|passage=In 1915, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously in ''Guinn v. United States'' that grandfather clauses were unconstitutional. {{...}} The decision had almost no effect, however. The Oklahoma Legislature met in special session to '''grandfather''' in the grandfather clause. The new law said those who had been registered in 1914&nbsp;– whites under the old system&nbsp;– were automatically registered to vote, while African-Americans could only register between April 30 and May 11, 1916, or forever be disenfranchised. That law stayed on the books until a Supreme Court ruling in 1939.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Matthew J. Fullana|author2=Gary E. Wnek|chapter=History of Techniques and Materials Used in Volume Enhancement|editors=Charles K. Herman and Berish Strauch|title=Encyclopedia of Aesthetic Rejuvenation through Volume Enhancement|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher={{w|Thieme Medical Publishers}}|year=2014|section=section 2.5.1 (Silicone Breast Implants)|page=12|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=OC2Kbjz6nkAC&pg=PA12|isbn=978-1-60406-703-3|passage=With the signing of the Medical Devices Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic in 1976, the FDA &#91;{{w|Food and Drug Administration}}&#93; gained regulatory authority over [breast] implants, but the existing Cronin-Gerow implants were '''grandfathered''', making them exempt from the new legislation.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Matthew J. Fullana; Gary E. Wnek|chapter=History of Techniques and Materials Used in Volume Enhancement|editors=Charles K. Herman; Berish Strauch|title=Encyclopedia of Aesthetic Rejuvenation through Volume Enhancement|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Thieme Medical Publishers|year=2014|section=section 2.5.1 (Silicone Breast Implants)|page=12|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=OC2Kbjz6nkAC&pg=PA12|isbn=978-1-60406-703-3|passage=With the signing of the Medical Devices Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic in 1976, the FDA &#91;{{w|Food and Drug Administration}}&#93; gained regulatory authority over [breast] implants, but the existing Cronin-Gerow implants were '''grandfathered''', making them exempt from the new legislation.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Associated Press|authorlink=Associated Press|title=Army: Soldier grandfathered in under tattoo policy|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/jul/14/army-soldier-grandfathered-in-under-tattoo-policy/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715030649/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/jul/14/army-soldier-grandfathered-in-under-tattoo-policy/|archivedate=15 July 2014|newspaper={{w|The Washington Times}}|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=The Washington Times, LLC|date=14 July 2014|issn=0732-8494|oclc=931943085|passage=The U.S. Army says a Kentucky National Guard soldier with aspirations of joining a U.S. Army special operations unit is '''grandfathered''' in under new regulations concerning soldiers with tattoos and asked a federal judge to dismiss his lawsuit. {{...}} The regulations went into effect in March and ban tattoos below the knee or elbow. Soldiers who already have the ink are '''grandfathered''' in. Under the new regulations, any soldier with tattoos is barred from seeking a promotion to warrant officer or commissioning as an officer.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=w:Associated Press|title=Army: Soldier grandfathered in under tattoo policy|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/jul/14/army-soldier-grandfathered-in-under-tattoo-policy/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715030649/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/jul/14/army-soldier-grandfathered-in-under-tattoo-policy/|archivedate=15 July 2014|newspaper=w:The Washington Times|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=The Washington Times, LLC|date=14 July 2014|issn=0732-8494|oclc=931943085|passage=The U.S. Army says a Kentucky National Guard soldier with aspirations of joining a U.S. Army special operations unit is '''grandfathered''' in under new regulations concerning soldiers with tattoos and asked a federal judge to dismiss his lawsuit. {{...}} The regulations went into effect in March and ban tattoos below the knee or elbow. Soldiers who already have the ink are '''grandfathered''' in. Under the new regulations, any soldier with tattoos is barred from seeking a promotion to warrant officer or commissioning as an officer.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|chapter=Annex B: Guidance on Closing Off of Regimes and Grandfathering for non-IP Regimes|title=Harmful Tax Practices – 2017 Progress Report on Preferential Regimes: Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 5|series=OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifing Project|location=Paris|publisher=[[w:OECD#Publishing|OECD Publishing]]|month=November|year=2017|page=27|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=MSs6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|doi=10.1787/9789264283954-en|isbn=978-92-64-28393-0|issn=2313-2604|passage=In practice, most of the regimes reviewed by the FHTP [Forum on Harmful Tax Practices] during its early years and which were abolished were either terminated without '''grandfathering''' or included '''grandfathering''' within this maximum five-year period.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|chapter=Annex B: Guidance on Closing Off of Regimes and Grandfathering for non-IP Regimes|title=Harmful Tax Practices – 2017 Progress Report on Preferential Regimes: Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 5|series=OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifing Project|location=Paris|publisher=[[w:OECD#Publishing|OECD Publishing]]|month=November|year=2017|page=27|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=MSs6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|doi=10.1787/9789264283954-en|isbn=978-92-64-28393-0|issn=2313-2604|passage=In practice, most of the regimes reviewed by the FHTP [Forum on Harmful Tax Practices] during its early years and which were abolished were either terminated without '''grandfathering''' or included '''grandfathering''' within this maximum five-year period.}}


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=====Translations=====
=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|to retain existing laws or rules for a thing, person or organization previously affected by them}}
{{trans-top|to retain existing laws or rules for a thing, person or organization previously affected by them}}
* Spanish: {{t|es|anteriorar}}, {{t+|es|eximir}} por [[vestigio]], {{t+|es|exentar}} [[vestigial]]mente, {{t+|es|exonerar}}, {{t+|es|exceptuar}}, {{t|es|vestigiar}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{trans-bottom}}


Revision as of 18:33, 1 September 2024

English

WOTD – 9 April 2019

Pronunciation

A grandfather and his granddaughter

Etymology 1

The noun is derived from Middle English grandfadre, graundfadir, graunfadir, grauntfader, and other forms, from graunt (“big, large; great, important”)[1] + fā̆der (“male parent, father; remoter male ancestor”),[2] probably modelled after Middle French grandpere, grant pere (“male parent; remoter male ancestor”) (whence French grand-père);[3] the English word is analysable as grand- +‎ father. Superseded earlier eldfather, elderfather.[3]

The verb is derived from the noun.[4]

Noun

grandfather (plural grandfathers)

  1. A father of someone's parent. [from 15th c.]
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:grandfather
    Antonyms: (with regard to gender) grandmother, (with regard to ancestry) grandson; see also Thesaurus:grandmother
    • 1662, [Edmund] Plowden, “Entry”, in translated by H. B., Plovvdens Quæries: Or, A Moot-book of Choice Cases, Useful for the Young Students of the Common Law: Englished, Methodized, and Enlarged, London: Printed for Ch. Adams, J. Starkey, and Tho[mas] Basset, […], →OCLC, page 117:
      Grandfather, Father, and Son. The Father diſſeiſeth the Grandfather and dies, the Son endows the Mother, the Grandfather dies, the Son may enter upon the Mother; for he hath a new Right deſcended to him from the Grandfather, for the Grandfather might have entred upon the Mother, ſo ſhall his Heir.
    • 1766, William Blackstone, “Of Title by Descent”, in Commentaries on the Laws of England, book II (Of the Rights of Things), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 203:
      Lineal conſanguinity is that which ſubſists between perſons, of whom one is deſcended in a direct line from the other: as between John Stiles (the propoſitus in the table of conſanguinity) and his father, grandfather, and great-grandfather, and ſo upwards in the direct aſcending line; or between John Stiles and his ſon, grandſon, great-grandſon, and ſo downwards in the direct deſcending line.
    • 1790 October, “An Historical Developement of the Political Constitution of the Germanic Empire. By J[ohann] S[tephan] Pütter, Privy Counsellor of Justice, &c. Translated from the German, by Josiah Dornford, of Lincoln’s Inn, L.L.D. Vol. II.”, in The Literary Magazine and British Review, volume V, London: Printed for the proprietors and sold by C[hristopher] Forster […], →OCLC, page 290, column 2:
      One circumſtance […] peculiar to the Germanic empire, is the diſtinction between its mediate and immediate members. In the ſame manner as two objects which we may ſuppose to have relation to each other, are immediately related, when there is no third object intervening, but otherwiſe only mediate. This may be illuſtrated by the example of the connexion between a grandfather and his children, who may be ſaid to be mediately related; while the relation between the parents and children, on the contrary, is immediate; […]
    • 1876, Henry C[lay] Work (lyrics and music), “Grandfather’s Clock. Song and Chorus”, New York, N.Y.: Published by C. M. Cady, […], →OCLC, page 34:
      My grandfather’s clock was too large for the shelf.— / So it stood ninety years on the floor; / It was taller by half than the old man himself, / Though it weighed not a pennyweight more. / It was bought on the morn of the day that he was born, / And was always his treasure and pride; / But it stopp’d short—never to go again— / When the old man died.
    • 1965 March 25, Richard Willstätter, “My Ancestors”, in Lilli S[chwenk] Hornig, transl., edited by Arthur Stoll, From My Life: The Memoirs of Richard Willstätter: Translated from the German Edition, New York, N.Y., Amsterdam: W. A. Benjamin, →OCLC, page 10:
      Grandfather was friendly, formal, and strict with the children in his large family, and quite displeased with the lively goings-on of the grandchildren. […] He only joked with me once, when I was four, and never again. Our festive Sunday dinner was crowned by a pudding. Perhaps I looked too greedy—Grandfather threatened to throw the pudding out of the window. It is reported that I answered, "Then I'll jump out of the window and gobble it up all by myself."
    • 2016, Jo-Pei Tan, Ann Buchanan, “Links between Grandfather Involvement and Adolescent Well-being in England and Wales”, in Ann Buchanan, Anna Rotkirch, editors, Grandfathers: Global Perspectives (Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Family and Intimate Life), London: Palgrave Macmillan, →DOI, →ISBN, part IV (Impact on Grandfathers), page 233:
      Both paternal and maternal grandfathers were highly involved in various facets of adolescents' lives, with maternal grandfathers providing more support in general […]. It was found that, on average, maternal grandfathers were more involved with adolescent grandchildren than paternal grandfathers. Adolescents also felt closer to maternal grandfathers compared to paternal grandfathers. This may be explained by the more regular contact and closer geographical distance between these grandfathers and adolescents.
  2. (by extension) A male forefather.
    Synonyms: (rare) highfather, grandsire
    • 1758 November 25, [Israel Daniel Rupp], “[No. XI.] Post’s Second Journal, 1758. The Second Journal of Christian Frederick Post, on a Message from the Governor of Pennsylvania, to the Indians of the Ohio, in the Latter Part of the Same Year.”, in Early History of Western Pennsylvania, and of the West, […], Pittsburgh, Pa.: Published by A. P. Ingram, […]; Harrisburg, Pa.: Published by W. O. Hickok, published 1848, →OCLC, page 111:
      Brethren: Here is the pipe which your grandfathers used to smoke with when they met together in councils of peace. And here is some of that good tobacco, prepared for our grandfathers from God:—When you shall taste of it, you shall feel it through all your body; and it will put you in remembrance of the good councils your grandfathers used to hold with the English, your brethren, and that ancient friendship they had together.
  3. (computing) The archived older version of a file that immediately preceded the father file.
    • 1983, Computerworld, volume 17, number 50, page 22:
      File C is the grandfather because it was used to create file B.
    • 2004, Ray Bradley, The Ultimate Computing Glossary for Advanced Level, page 31:
      Three generations of file are usually kept, being the grandfather, father and son files.
    • 2007, O. Ray Whittington, Patrick R. Delaney, Wiley CPA Exam Review 2008: Auditing and Attestation, page 556:
      The file from which the father was developed with the transaction files of the appropriate day is the grandfather.
Hypernyms
Hyponyms
Derived terms
Translations

Verb

grandfather (third-person singular simple present grandfathers, present participle grandfathering, simple past and past participle grandfathered)

  1. (transitive) To be, or act as, a grandfather to.
Translations

Etymology 2

From grandfather clause: see grandfather (etymology 1) and clause.

Verb

grandfather (third-person singular simple present grandfathers, present participle grandfathering, simple past and past participle grandfathered)

  2. (transitive, chiefly US, law) To retain discontinued laws or rules for (an object, individual or organization previously affected by them). [from 1950s]
    Synonym: grandfather in
    • 2009 June 19, David Migoya, “Arvada homes haunted by past due code violations”, in The Denver Post‎[1], Denver, Colo.: Digital First Media, published 6 May 2016 (update), →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 3 December 2017:
      Had the original work been permitted, it would be grandfathered into any code changes each time they occurred, Arvada officials said. The latest came in 2006.
    • 2013 October 22, Alan Greenblatt, “The Racial History of the Grandfather Clause”, in NPR‎[2], archived from the original on 30 March 2019:
      Old power plants are sometimes grandfathered from having to meet new clean air requirements.
    • 2013 October 22, Alan Greenblatt, “The Racial History of the Grandfather Clause”, in NPR‎[3], archived from the original on 30 March 2019:
      In 1915, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously in Guinn v. United States that grandfather clauses were unconstitutional. […] The decision had almost no effect, however. The Oklahoma Legislature met in special session to grandfather in the grandfather clause. The new law said those who had been registered in 1914 – whites under the old system – were automatically registered to vote, while African-Americans could only register between April 30 and May 11, 1916, or forever be disenfranchised. That law stayed on the books until a Supreme Court ruling in 1939.
    • 2014, Matthew J. Fullana, Gary E. Wnek, “History of Techniques and Materials Used in Volume Enhancement”, in Charles K. Herman, Berish Strauch, editors, Encyclopedia of Aesthetic Rejuvenation through Volume Enhancement, New York, N.Y.: Thieme Medical Publishers, →ISBN, section 2.5.1 (Silicone Breast Implants), page 12:
      With the signing of the Medical Devices Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic in 1976, the FDA [Food and Drug Administration] gained regulatory authority over [breast] implants, but the existing Cronin-Gerow implants were grandfathered, making them exempt from the new legislation.
    • 2014 July 14, Associated Press, “Army: Soldier grandfathered in under tattoo policy”, in The Washington Times‎[4], Washington, D.C.: The Washington Times, LLC, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 15 July 2014:
      The U.S. Army says a Kentucky National Guard soldier with aspirations of joining a U.S. Army special operations unit is grandfathered in under new regulations concerning soldiers with tattoos and asked a federal judge to dismiss his lawsuit. […] The regulations went into effect in March and ban tattoos below the knee or elbow. Soldiers who already have the ink are grandfathered in. Under the new regulations, any soldier with tattoos is barred from seeking a promotion to warrant officer or commissioning as an officer.
    • 2017 November, “Annex B: Guidance on Closing Off of Regimes and Grandfathering for non-IP Regimes”, in Harmful Tax Practices – 2017 Progress Report on Preferential Regimes: Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 5 (OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifing Project), Paris: OECD Publishing, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 27:
      In practice, most of the regimes reviewed by the FHTP [Forum on Harmful Tax Practices] during its early years and which were abolished were either terminated without grandfathering or included grandfathering within this maximum five-year period.
Derived terms
Translations

References

  1. ^ “graunt, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 7 April 2019.
  2. ^ “fā̆der, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 7 April 2019.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 “grandfather, n.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2015; “grandfather”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
  4. ^ “grandfather, v.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2015.

Further reading

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