View source for juvenile

{{also|juvénile}}
==English==
{{was wotd|2018|August|12}}

===Etymology===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*h₂ey-|id=life}}
[[File:BaAka girl.jpg|thumb|A juvenile female ''(adjective sense 1)''&nbsp;– a young [[w:Aka people|Aka]] [[girl]]&nbsp;– from the [[Central African Republic]]]]

Borrowed from {{bor|en|la|iuvenīlis||youthful; juvenile}}, from {{m|la|iuvenis||young; a youth}} + {{m|la|-īlis|pos=suffix forming adjectives indicating a relationship or a pertaining to}}. ''Iuvenis'' is ultimately derived from {{der|en|ine-pro|*h₂yuh₁en-||young}}, from {{m|ine-pro|*h₂óyu||long life; lifetime}} (from {{m|ine-pro|*h₂ey-||age; life}}) + {{m|ine-pro|*h₁én||in}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈd͡ʒuːvənaɪl/|a=RP}}
* {{audio|en|en-au-juvenile.ogg|a=AU}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈd͡ʒuːvənaɪl/|/ˈd͡ʒuːvənəl/|a=GA}}
* {{audio|en|En-uk-juvenile.flac|a=RP}}
* {{hyphenation|en|ju|ven|ile}}

===Adjective===
{{en-adj}}

# [[young|Young]]; not [[fully]] [[developed#Adjective|developed]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Abraham de Wicquefort|[Abraham] de Wicquefort]]|tlr=[John] Digby|chapter=What Age is Proper for an Embassador|title=The Embassador and His Functions.{{nb...|To which is Added, an Historical Dicourse, Concerning the Election of the Emperor, and the Electors.}}|location=London|publisher=Printed for [[w:Barnaby Bernard Lintot|Bernard Lintott]],{{nb...|at the Cross-Keys between the Temple-Gates}}|year=[1716]|page=54|pageurl=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433005921501;view=1up;seq=68|column=1|oclc=777974372|passage=There are certain Climates, where the Mind ripens and attains ſooner to Perfection than in others: nay there are ſome Conſtitutions of Body, where the humours are ſo exactly mixt, that they form an admirable Temper; the Effects thereof are diſcoverable in the firſt '''''Juvenile''''' Years, and leave very fine Remains, even in a decrepit Age.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|title=How Boys and Girls may be Missionaries|journal=The Juvenile Missionary Herald|location=London|publisher=Printed for and published by the [[w:BMS World Mission|Baptist Missionary Society]], and sold by Houlston and Stoneman,{{nb...|63, Paternoster Row}}|month=November|year=1845|volume=III|page=257|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=y10EAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA3-PA257|oclc=1009012788|passage=We should then be able to count on the labours of fifty thousand '''juvenile''' home missionaries, and the next generation would be able to speak from a happier experience than we, of "times of refreshing from the presence of the Lord."—''From the Canada Sunday School Record.''}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Mary Carpenter|chapter=Characteristics and Classes|title=Juvenile Delinquents, Their Condition and Treatment|location=London|publisher=W. & F. G. Cash, (successors to C. Gilpin,){{nb...|5, Bishopsgate Street without}}|year=1853|page=17|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=QIQuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA17|oclc=7662899|passage=When '''juvenile''' offenders are spoken of, young thieves are usually intended; for an examination of the annals of crime will show that varied as are the offences of adults, those for which children are arraigned in a criminal court are almost invariably thefts more or less trivial; {{...}}}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Edmund F. McGarrell|chapter=Juvenile Justice in Change|title=Juvenile Correctional Reform: Two Decades of Policy and Procedural Change|series=SUNY Series in Critical Issues in Criminal Justice|location=Albany, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:State University of New York|State University of New York Press]]|year=1988|page=7|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=DZCtPhhx944C&pg=PA7|isbn=978-0-88706-759-4|passage=[T]he '''juvenile''' justice system became firmly established as the legitimate institution for responding to '''juvenile''' delinquency and misconduct during 1900 and 1960.}}
# Characteristic of [[youth]] or [[immaturity]]; [[childish]].
#: {{syn|en|infantile|juvey<qq:colloquial>|puerile|Thesaurus:childish}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:John Gauden|chapter=XXXI|title=Ίερα Δακρυα [Hiera dakrya]. Ecclesiae Anglicanae Suspiria. The Tears, Sighs, Complaints, and Prayers of the Church of England:{{nb...|Setting forth Her Former Constitution, Compared with Her Present Condition: Also the Visible Causes, and Probable Cures, of Her Distempers: In IV. Books}}|location=London|publisher=Printed by J[ohn] G[rismond] for [[w:Richard Royston|R[ichard] Royston]],{{nb...|at the Angel in Ivie-lane}}|year=1659|section=book II (Searching the Causes and Occasions of the Church of England’s Decayes)|page=251|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=qs8sAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA251|oclc=1006016842|passage=Adde to this ''diſsipated'' and ''diſtracted ſtate'' of ''Miniſters'', their private diſtreſſes and poverties, together with the publick neglect and ''indifferency'' of people toward them; who can wonder if they look pitifully one on another, which no ''jocoſe'' or '''''juvenile''' drolings'' can relieve?}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|title=Art. I. ''The Pleasures of Memory'', a Poem, in Two Parts, by the Author of ‘An Ode to Superstition, with Some Other Poems.’ 4to. pp. 71. 3s. 6d. Boards. Cadell. 1792. [book review]|journal=[[w:Monthly Review (London)|The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal, Enlarged]]|location=London|publisher=Printed for [[w:Ralph Griffiths|R[alph] Griffiths]]; and sold by T[homas] Becket, in [[w:Pall Mall, London|Pall Mall]]|month=June|year=1792|volume=VIII|pages=122–123|pageurl=https://archive.org/stream/monthlyreview52grifgoog#page/n134/mode/1up|oclc=901376714|passage=This is illuſtrated by a variety of examples; particularly by the attachment which we naturally form to inanimate objects; and by the pleaſure derived from hiſtoric ſcenes, from painting, and from the review of '''juvenile''' days.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Sidney Michael Trantham|chapter=Diagnoses Commonly Associated with Childhood|editors=Amy Wagenfeld; Jennifer Kaldenberg|title=Foundations of Pediatric Practice for the Occupational Therapy Assistant|location=Thorofare, N.J.|publisher=SLACK Incorporated|year=2005|page=85|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=_rtsAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA85|isbn=978-1-55642-629-2|passage='''Juvenile''' rheumatoid arthritis is a form of rheumatoid arthritis that affects children under the age of 16{{nb...}}. '''Juvenile''' rheumatoid arthritis impacts the larger joints of the body and is a chronic condition.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Thomas Keneally|chapter=21|title=Shame and the Captives|location=Sydney, N.S.W.|publisher=[[w:Random House|Random House Australia]]|year=2013|isbn=978-0-85798-101-1|edition2=trade paperback|location2=New York, N.Y.|publisher2=Washington Square Press, {{w|Simon & Schuster}}|year2=December 2015|page2=197|pageurl2=https://books.google.com/books?id=CWZOBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA197|isbn2=978-1-4767-3464-4|passage=He indicated that Cheong should follow his actions, but Cheong was little tempted and chose not to engage in such a '''juvenile''' scene.}}

====Antonyms====
{{col2|en|adult|mature|nonjuvenile|old|senile}}

====Derived terms====
{{der3|en|title=Terms derived from ''juvenile'' (adjective)|juvenile diabetes|juvenile hormone|[[juvenilise]], [[juvenilize]]|juvenility|juvenilization|nonjuvenile|juvenileness|antijuvenile|juvenilely|juvenoid|juvenoia|juvey|post-juvenile}}

====Related terms====
{{rel3|en|juvenal|juvenalia|Juvenal|juvenescence|juvenescent|juvenilia}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|young; not fully developed}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|млад}}, {{t+|bg|младежки}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|junula}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|nuori}}
* French: {{t+|fr|juvénile}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|არასრულწლოვანი}}, {{t|ka|ახალგაზრდა}}, {{t+|ka|ჭაბუკი}}, {{t|ka|ყმაწვილი}}
* German: {{t+|de|jugendlich}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|puerala}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|óigeanta}}, {{t|ga|sóisearach}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|若々しい|tr=wakawakashī}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|pūhou}}, {{t|mi|pūhouhou}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|جوان}}, {{t|fa|درخور جوانی}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|młodociany}}, {{t+|pl|małoletni|m}}, {{t+|pl|młody|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|малоле́тний}}, {{t+|ru|ю́ношеский}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|òganta}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|characteristic of youth or immaturity}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|дети́нски|m}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|barnlig}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|lapsellinen}}, {{t|fi|nuorten-}}
* French: {{t+|fr|juvénile}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|ახალგაზრდული}}, {{t|ka|ყმაწვილური}}
* German: {{t+|de|jung}}, {{t+|de|unreif}}, {{t+|de|kindisch}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|ילדותי|tr=yalduti|m}}, {{t|he|ילדותית|f|tr=yaldutit}}, {{t+|he|אינפנטילי}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|puerala}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|óigeanta}}, {{t|ga|sóisearach}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|dziecinny|m}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|òganta}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Noun===
{{multiple images
|direction = vertical
|image1 = Adolescentboys.jpg
|caption1 = Three 16-year-old male juveniles ''(sense 2)''
|image2 = Maude Adams as Peter Pan.png
|caption2 = American actress {{w|Maude Adams}} (1872–1953) playing the juvenile role ''(sense 5)'' of [[Peter Pan]] on [[Broadway]]
|image3 = 1-month-old kitten 42.jpg
|caption3 = A [[kitten]] is a [[feline]] juvenile ''(sense&nbsp;6)''
}}
{{en-noun}}

# A [[prepubescent]] [[child]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Paul A. Walker (psychologist)|Paul A[llen] Walker]]|chapter=The Role of Antiandrogens in the Treatment of Sex Offenders|editors=C. Brandon Qualls; John P. Wincze; w:David H. Barlow|title=The Prevention of Sexual Disorders: Issues and Approaches|series=Perspectives in Sexuality|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Plenum Press]]|year=1978|page=127|isbn=978-0-306-31118-5|newversion=reprinted|location2=New York, N.Y.|publisher2=w:Springer Science+Business Media|year2=2013|page2=127|pageurl2=https://books.google.com/books?id=ceJVBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA127|doi2=10.1007/978-1-4684-2469-0|isbn2=978-1-4684-2471-3|passage=One patient, a pedophile with a long history of arrests, penal incarceration, psychiatric admissions, and outpatient psychotherapy, commented that in the past when he saw a juvenile male playing, he (the patient) would without hesitation approach the boy and make a sexual proposition. When he was on MPA [medroxyprogesterone acetate] therapy, he stated that, at worst, when he saw such a '''juvenile''', he only smiled "with appreciation" for the boy's good looks and otherwise kept about his business.}}
# A person [[younger]] than the [[age of majority]]; a [[minor#Noun|minor]].
#: {{syn|en|infant|q1=dated|juvie|q2=colloquial}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Markus Zusak|chapter=The Kiss (a Childhood Decision Maker)|title=w:The Book Thief|location=Sydney, N.S.W.|publisher=[[w:Picador (imprint)|Picador]]|year=2005|isbn=978-0-330-42330-4|location2=New York, N.Y.|publisher2=w:Alfred A. Knopf|year2=2013|page2=49|pageurl2=https://books.google.com/books?id=XbPVAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|isbn2=978-0-375-93100-0|passage=Every childhood seems to have exactly such a '''juvenile''' in its midst and mists. He's the boy who refuses to fear the opposite sex, purely because everyone else embraces that particular fear, and he's the type who is unafraid to make a decision.}}
# {{lb|en|criminal law}} A person younger than the [[age#Noun|age]] of [[full]] [[criminal#Adjective|criminal]] [[responsibility]], such that the person either cannot be [[hold#Verb|held]] [[criminally]] [[liable]] or is [[subject#Verb|subject]] to less [[severe]] forms of [[punishment]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Richard Lawrence; Mario Hesse|chapter=The Juvenile Court Process|title=Juvenile Justice: The Essentials|location=Thousand Oaks, Calif.|publisher=w:SAGE Publications|year=2010|page=192|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=ezYN9Xmsa8YC&pg=PA192|isbn=978-1-4129-7012-9|passage=If the '''juvenile''' violates the conditions of the stayed sentence, typically by committing a new offense, the court may revoke the stay and require that the offender be taken into custody. The '''juvenile''' is then given written notice of the reasons for the revocation of the stayed sentence, and may have a hearing with representation of legal counsel if the revocation is challenged.}}
# {{lb|en|literature}} A [[publication]] for [[young adult]] [[reader]]s.
#* {{quote-journal|en|journal=The Author and Journalist|location=Denver, Colo.|publisher=H. Ellithrope|year=1958|volume=42–43|page=lxxxiv|column=1|oclc=8701031|passage=Formerly a publisher of '''juveniles''', out of the market till 1959, when it will enter adult fiction field.}}
# {{lb|en|theater}} An [[actor]] [[play#Verb|playing]] a child's [[role]].
#* {{quote-journal|en|title=Drama. [Haymarket.]|magazine=[[w:The Athenaeum (British magazine)|The Athenæum: Journal of English and Foreign Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music and the Drama]]|location=London|publisher=Printed by E[dward] J. Francis & Co., {{...|Took's Court, Chancery Lane,}} published {{...|at the office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.,}} by John Francis. [...]|date=6 February 1875|issue=2467|page=201|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=0cg2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA201|column=3|oclc=956082422|passage='Home,' as, following his habit of giving monosyllable titles to his pieces, [[w:Thomas William Robertson|T[homas] W[illiam] Robertson]] christened his version of 'L'Aventurière,' has been revived. {{...}} In a '''juvenile''' part, Mr. Lytton Sothern made a successful ''début''.}}
# {{lb|en|zoology}} A [[sexually]] [[immature]] [[animal]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Charles H. Janson; [[w:Carel van Schaik|Carel P[hilippus] Van Schaik]]|chapter=Ecological Risk Aversion in Juvenile Primates: Slow and Steady Wins the Race|editors=Michael E. Pereira; Lynn A. Fairbanks|title=Juvenile Primates: Life History, Development, and Behavior|location=Chicago, Ill.; London|publisher=w:University of Chicago Press|year=2002|page=65|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=1-HWKKKIhBQC&pg=PA65|column=1|isbn=978-0-226-65622-9|passage=Even if '''juveniles''' acquire sex-specific adult-like foraging skills before reaching adult size, their smaller body size may put them at a foraging disadvantage. {{...}} The size effect on foraging is reduced in species that use small or easily manipulated substrates. For instance, in Costa Rican squirrel monkeys, '''juveniles''' apparently mastered techniques for insect foraging only a few months after weaning, when they were still much smaller than adults{{nb...}}.}}
# A two-year-old [[racehorse]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1972|author=Edward Samuel Montgomery|title=The Thoroughbred|page=449
|passage=Even more incredible is the legion of two-year-olds who win handsomely as '''juveniles''' and then disappear from the racetrack.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2005|author=Ken McLean|title=Designing Speed in the Racehorse|page=206
|passage=Professional trainers foster young horses with obvious potential. Instance the way Sir Michael Stoute uses patience to bring along his two-year-old colts and fillies at Newmarket, or the careful approach taken with '''juveniles''' by that wonderful conditioner Charlie Whittingham in California.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2012|title=Encyclopedia of British Horse Racing|page=6
|passage=Thereafter, males aged two to four are colts, females are fillies, racing two-year-olds are sometimes referred to as '''juveniles''', and animals still running at five, the age of thoroughbred maturity, or older, are horses or mares according to gender.}}

====Derived terms====
{{der3|en|title=Terms derived from ''juvenile'' (noun)|juvenile court|juvenile delinquency|juvenile delinquent|juvenile detention center|juvenile hall|juvenile offending|juvenile powder|juvie|juvy|rejuvenile|juvenile detention centre}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|prepubescent child}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|юноша|m}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|lapsi}}
* French: {{t+|fr|adolescent}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|არასრულწლოვანი}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|ógánach|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|少年|tr=shōnen}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|బాలుడు}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|person younger than the age of majority}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|непълнолетен|m}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|alaikäinen}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|nieletni|m}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|mladoletnik|m}}, {{t|sl|mladoletnica|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|person younger than the age of full criminal responsibility}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|непълнолетен|m}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|alaikäinen}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|არასრულწლოვანი}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|młodociany}}, {{t+|pl|małoletni}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|publication for young adult readers}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|actor playing a child's role}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|子役|tr=koyaku}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|sexually immature animal}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[nuori]] [[eläin]]}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Further reading===
* {{pedia|juvenile|juvenile (disambiguation)}}

{{C|en|Baby animals}}
{{cln|en|terms suffixed with -ile}}
{{C|en|Children|People}}

==Latin==

===Adjective===
{{head|la|adjective form|head=juvenīle}}

# {{inflection of|la|juvenīlis||nom//acc//voc|n|s}}

==Swedish==

===Adjective===
{{head|sv|adjective form}}

# {{adj form of|sv|juvenil||def|natm|s}}