View source for -k

{{also|Appendix:Variations of "k"}}
==English==

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|en|enm|-ken}}, {{m|enm|-kien}}, from {{inh|en|ang|-cian}}, from {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*-ukōn}}, {{m|gmw-pro|*-ikōn}}, from {{inh|en|gem-pro|*-ukōną}}, {{m|gem-pro|*-ikōną}}. Cognate with {{cog|fy|-kje}}, {{cog|de|-chen}}, {{cog|da|-ke}}, {{cog|sv|-ka}}, {{cog|fo|-ka}}. Perhaps related to {{cog|ang|-}} diminutive suffix {{m|ang|-uc}}, {{m|ang|-oc}}. More at {{l|en|-ock}}.

====Suffix====
{{en-suffix}}

# {{lb|en|rare|no longer productive}} A suffix found in verbs of Middle English, Old English, usually with an intensive or frequentative effect.
#: {{m|en|tale}}, {{m|en|talk|tal'''k'''}}; {{m|en|steal}}, {{m|en|stalk|stal'''k'''}}; {{m|en|mire}}, {{m|en|mirk|mir'''k'''}}; {{m|en|hear}}, {{m|en|hark|har'''k'''}}; {{m|en|fare}}, {{m|en|firk|fir'''k'''}}; {{m|en|peer}}, {{m|en|perk|per'''k'''}}; {{m|en|yare}}, {{m|en|yark|yar'''k'''}}; {{m|en|gaw}}, {{m|en|gawk|gaw'''k'''}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|en|enm|-ke}}, from {{inh|en|ang|-uc|-(u)c}} and {{m|ang|-ca|pos=diminutive suffix}}. More at {{m|en|-ock}}.

====Suffix====
{{en-suffix}}{{cln|en|diminutive suffixes}}

# {{lb|en|rare|no longer productive}} A suffix found in nouns, usually with a diminutive effect.
#: {{m|en|chine}} > {{m|en|chink|chin'''k'''}}; {{m|en|stale}} > {{m|en|stalk|stal'''k'''}}

==Abenaki==

===Suffix===
{{head|abe|suffix}}

# {{non-gloss|A suffix used to form the plurals of some animate words.}}
#: {{m|abe|tmakwa||beaver}} → {{m|abe|tmakwak||beavers}}

====Usage notes====
* Used to form the plurals of almost all words that end in ''a'', and of some words that end in other vowels or in the semivowel ''w''; not used to form the plurals of words ending in consonants.
* See the usage notes at ''[[-ak]]''.

==Afar==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|aa|/-k/}}

===Suffix===
{{head|aa|suffix}}

# {{n-g|Marks the [[ablative case]]}}: [[from]]
# {{n-g|Marks the [[elative case]]}}: [[out of]]
# {{n-g|Marks the {{w|perlative case}}}}: [[via]], [[through]]
# {{n-g|Marks the [[malefactive|malefactive case]]}}: for ...'s [[nuisance]]
# {{n-g|Marks the subject of a [[comparison]]}}: [[than]]
# {{lb|aa|+ {{l|aa|én}}}} {{n-g|Marks the material from which an object is made}}: [[-en]]

===References===
* {{R:aa:Hassan Kamil:2015|page=361}}

==Basque==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|eu|-ek}} {{q|after consonants}}

===Etymology===
{{unk|eu}}. Unrelated to the adverbial suffixes {{m|eu|-ki}} and {{m|eu|-ka}}.<ref>{{R:EDB|245|-k (2)}}.</ref>

===Suffix===
{{head|eu|suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes}}

# {{non-gloss|Ergative indefinite suffix.}}

====Declension====
{{eu-inflectional suffixes}}

===References===
<references/>

==Chuukese==

===Suffix===
{{head|chk|suffix}}

# {{lb|chk|added to verbs}} [[you]] {{lb|chk|in the singular|indirect object suffix}}

==Estonian==

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|et|urj-fin-pro|*-kkoi}}. Cognate with {{cog|fi|-kko}}.

====Suffix====
{{et-noun|suff=1|-ku|-kut}}

# {{non-gloss|Derives nouns from verbs, or sometimes from other nominals. The derivations can express the following:}}
## a single instance of an action
##: {{l|et|minema|gloss=to go}} → {{l|et|minek|gloss=a going}}
##: {{l|et|ründama|gloss=to attack}} → {{l|et|rünnak|gloss=an attack}}
## the object of an action
##: {{l|et|õppima|gloss=to study}} → {{l|et|õpik|gloss=textbook}}

=====Declension=====
{{et-decl-õpik|-k|u}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{suffixsee|et}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|et|urj-fin-pro|*-kkei}}. Cognate with {{cog|fi|-kki}}.

====Suffix====
{{et-noun|suff=1|-ki|-kit}}

# {{non-gloss|Derives nouns from verbs denoting an instrument of action.}}
#: {{l|et|sõitma|gloss=to drive}} → {{l|et|sõiduk|gloss=vehicle}}
#: {{l|et|hõljuma|gloss=to hover}} → {{l|et|hõljuk|gloss=hovercraft}}
#: {{l|et|tõstma|gloss=to raise}} → {{l|et|tõstuk|gloss=lift}}

=====Declension=====
{{et-decl-õpik|-k|i}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{suffixsee|et}}

===Etymology 3===
May be the same as etymology 2.

====Suffix====
{{et-noun|suff=1|-gi|-ki}}

# {{non-gloss|Derives nouns from verbs, or sometimes from other nominals. The derivations can express the following:}}
## the result of an action
##: {{l|et|jääma|gloss=to remain}} → {{l|et|jääk|gloss=residue, remainder}}
##: {{l|et|saama|gloss=to receive}} → {{l|et|saak|gloss=yield}}
## the object of an action
##: {{l|et|sööma|gloss=to eat}} → {{l|et|söök|gloss=food}}
##: {{l|et|jooma|gloss=to drink}} → {{l|et|jook|gloss=drink, beverage}}

==Finnish==

===Pronunciation===
{{fi-p}}

===Particle===
{{head|fi|particle}} {{tlb|fi|dialectal}}

# {{lb|fi|Southwest|enclitic}} {{alternative form of|fi|-ko}}
#: ''[[löytyä|Löytyy]]'''k''' [[mitään|mittä]]?'' Are you finding anything?

====Synonyms====
* {{l|fi|-ko}} {{q|standard}}

==Hungarian==

===Etymology 1===
Probably related to {{cog|mns-nor|-ыг|t=dual suffix}}.

====Suffix====
{{head|hu|suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes}}

# {{senseid|hu|plural}} {{lb|hu|plural suffix}} [[-s]], [[-es]]
#: {{afex|hu|hajó|t1=ship|hajó'''k'''|t2=ship'''s'''}}
#: {{afex|hu|alma|t1=apple|almá'''k'''|t2=apple'''s'''}}
#: {{afex|hu|mese|t1=fairy tale|mesé'''k'''|t2=fairy tale'''s'''}}

=====Usage notes=====
{{U:hu:plural}}

===Etymology 2===
{{rfe|hu}}

====Suffix====
{{head|hu|suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes}}

# {{senseid|hu|personal}} {{lb|hu|personal suffix}} {{ng|Denotes the first-person singular present tense in verb suffixes for all moods (indicative, conditional and subjunctive).}}
#: {{m|hu|ír||to write|id=to write}} →
#:: {{m|hu|ír'''ok'''||I write, I am writing}}
#:: {{m|hu|ír'''nék'''||I would write}}
#:: {{m|hu|ír'''jak'''||I should write}}

===Etymology 3===
{{rfe|hu}}

====Suffix====
{{head|hu|suffix|cat2=diminutive suffixes}}

# {{senseid|hu|diminutive}} {{lb|hu|obsolete}} {{ng|Diminutive suffix.}}
#: {{m|hu|lélek||soul}}
#: {{m|hu|fészek||nest}}

===Etymology 4===
{{rfe|hu}}

====Suffix====
{{head|hu|suffix}}

# {{senseid|hu|instantaneous}} {{lb|hu|obsolete|instantaneous verb-forming suffix}} {{ng|Part of only a few verbs and suffixes, such as {{m|hu|reszket}}, {{m|hu|serken}}, {{m|hu|sikolt}}, {{m|hu|szerkeszt}}, {{m|hu|-kol}}/{{m|hu|-kel}}/{{m|hu|-köl}}, {{m|hu|-kod}}/{{m|hu|-ked}}/{{m|hu|-köd}}, {{m|hu|-dokol}}/{{m|hu|-dekel}}/{{m|hu|-dököl}}.}}

===See also===
* [[:Category:Hungarian noun forms]]
* [[Appendix:Hungarian suffixes]]

==Ilocano==

===Pronoun===
{{ilo-head|pronoun}}

# {{alt form of|ilo|-ko}} {{q|used before vowels and suffixes {{m|ilo|-en}} and {{m|ilo|-an}}}}

====See also====
{{ilo-personal pronouns}}

==Ingrian==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|izh|-ko}}

===Etymology===
Reduced form of {{m|izh|-ka}}. The familiar meaning is probably influenced by {{ncog|ru|-ка}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{izh-p}}

===Particle===
{{head|izh|particle|cat2=clitics}}

# {{n-g|Added to the indicative of a verb, used to form the interrogative aspect.}}
#* {{RQ:izh:Oppikirja-1:1936|Tööt'''k''' siä meille hoomukseel?|Will you come to us tomorrow?|page=29}}
# {{n-g|Added to an imperative of a verb, used to form a familiar request.}}
#* {{RQ:izh:Lukukirja-1:1936|Mää'''k''' siä șkouluu - sanoi Semon däädä, ilma sinnua saamma aikoo.|Go to school - said uncle Semon, we'll get by without you.|page=7}}
# {{n-g|Added to the indicative or the potential of a verb, used to form the deliberative aspect.}}
#* {{RQ:izh:Loonnontiito-2:1937|Näijen kamppanioin hyväst veemisest rippuu se, jot saamma'''k''' möö täl vootta ohto leipää, ruuhtija ja toisia maatalohusproduktoja, saammakse ohto saahkaraa ja materiaa.|On the good carrying out of these campaigns depends '''whether''' this year we get enough bread, vegetables and other agricultural products, whether we get enough sugar and fabric.|page=7}}
# {{lb|izh|rare}} {{alternative form of|izh|[[-ka]], [[-kä]]||and not}}
#* {{RQ:izh:Porkka:1885|1|Se poika mäni vahtii, heittiis makkaamaa ei'''k''' nähnyt varasta.|The boy went to the guard, threw himself '''and''' didn't see the thief.}}

====Usage notes====
* In the interrogative and deliberative functions, when added to a verb form ending in the consonant ''-t'', the full forms {{m|izh|-ka}} and {{m|izh|-kä}} may be used.

====Synonyms====
* {{sense|deliberative}} {{l|izh|-kse}}

===References===
* {{R:izh:Konkova:2014|page=18}}

==Inupiaq==

===Suffix===
{{head|ik|suffix}}

# [[dual]] number in the [[absolutive case]]. Numbers vary between singular -q and dual -k depending on whether they modify a noun or are being used for counting

==Kankanaey==

===Pronunciation===
{{kne-pr}}

===Pronoun===
{{kne-head|pronoun}}

# {{alt form of|kne|-ko}}

====See also====
{{kne-personal pronouns}}

==Kashubian==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|csb|sla-pro|*-ъkъ|*-ьkъ}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{csb-pr|h=-|r=-}}

===Suffix===
{{head|csb|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes}}

# {{ng|forms masculine [[diminutive]] nouns}}
# {{ng|forms masculine nouns from verbs}}
#: {{suffixusex|csb|susac|t1=to suck|susk|t2=mammal}}

====Usage notes====
* {{w|Slavic first palatalization|Palatalises}} a preceding velar:
*: {{suffixusex|csb|gro'''ch'''|gro'''sz'''k}}

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|csb}}

==Lower Sorbian==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|dsb|sla-pro|*-ъkъ}}.

===Suffix===
{{head|dsb|suffix|g=m|cat2=diminutive suffixes|cat3=noun-forming suffixes}}

# {{non-gloss|used on masculine nouns to form a diminutive}}

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|dsb}}

==Maltese==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|mt|-ek|-ok}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|mt|ar|ـكَ|g=m}}, {{m|ar|ـكِ|g=f}}.

===Suffix===
{{head|mt|suffix}}

# {{senseid|mt|pronoun}} {{ng|2nd-person singular pronominal suffix}}: [[your]], [[you]]
#: {{syn|mt|tiegħek|qq=only in possessive use}}
#: {{suffixusex|mt|sħab|t1=friends||alt2=sħab'''ek'''|t2=your (singular) friends}}
#: {{suffixusex|mt|taħt|t1=under||alt2=taħt'''ek'''|t2=under you (singular)}}
#: {{suffixusex|mt|jinsa|t1=he forgets||alt2=jinsie'''k'''|t2=he forgets you (singular)}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|mt|int}}

{{cln|mt|personal pronouns}}

==Mohawk==

===Suffix===
{{head|moh|suffix}}

# {{ng|continuative suffix}}

===References===
* {{R:moh:Deering:1976|page=442}}
* {{R:moh:TKM|page=92}}

==Northern Ohlone==

===Etymology===
Compare {{cog|css|-ka}}.

===Pronoun===
{{head|cst|pronoun}}

# [[I]] ''(first-person, singular, subject pronoun)''
#* {{RQ:cst:Colós-Guzman-Harrington
|nommo'''k''' roote
|here I am}}

====See also====
{{cst-personal-pronouns}}

===References===
* {{R:cst:Colós-Guzman-Harrington}}

==Ojibwe==

===Suffix===
{{head|oj|suffix|cat2=verb suffixes|cat3=imperative verb suffixes}}

# {{alternative form of|oj|-g}} in the conjunct form of d-final inanimate instransitive verbs (vii)
# {{non-gloss|A suffix denoting the [[second-person plural]] to [[third person singular]] imperative form of a transitive animate verb (vta) with a Cw ending}}

====Usage notes====
In d-final intransitive inanimate verbs (vii), the final ''d'' merges with ''-g'' to produce ''-k''.

====See also====
* {{l|oj|-ik}}
* {{l|oj|-ok}}

==Old Norse==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|non|ek}}

===Pronoun===
{{head|non|pronouns|cat2=clitics}} {{tlb|non|enclitic}}

# {{non-gloss|enclitic form of {{m|non|ek}}}}
#: {{suffixusex|non|hafða|hafðak}}
#: {{suffixusex|non|em|emk}}
#* '''9th c.''', {{w|Þjóðólfr of Hvinir}}, [[w:Ynglingatal|''Ynglingatal'']], verse 27:
#*: {{quote|non|Þat veit'''k''' bezt / und bláum himni<br>kenninafn, / svát konungr eigi{{...}}|'''I''' know that the best / nickname<br>under the blue sky / that a king might have{{...}}}}

====See also====
* {{l|non|-du}}, {{l|non|-ðu}}, {{l|non|-tu}}

==Onondaga==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|ono|iro-nor-pro|*h|tr=present suffix}}.

===Suffix===
{{head|ono|suffix}}

# {{ng|[[continuative]] suffix}}

===References===
* {{R:ono:Woodbury:2018|page=104}}

==Pipil==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|ppl|-ku}}

===Suffix===
{{head|ppl|suffix}}

# {{lb|ppl|no longer productive}} locative suffix (meaning "in") used after a vowel

===Further reading===
* Campbell, L. (1985). ''The Pipil Language of El Salvador''. Mouton De Gruyter. p.47

==Slovincian==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|zlw-slv|sla-pro|*-ъkъ|*-ьkъ}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{zlw-slv-pr|h=-|r=-}}

===Suffix===
{{head|zlw-slv|suffix|g=m|cat2=noun-forming suffixes}}

# {{ng|forms masculine diminutive nouns}}
#: {{suffixusex|zlw-slv|barón|barónk}}
# {{ng|forms masculine nouns from verbs}}
#: {{suffixusex|zlw-slv|czwjorty|t1=fourth|susk|t2=Thursday}}

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|zlw-slv}}

==Turkish==
{{tr-suffix-forms|ı=ık|i=ik|u=uk|ü=ük|k}}

===Suffix===
{{head|tr|suffix form}}

# {{tr-def-suffix form|-ık|pv}}
#: {{afex|tr|istemek<gloss:to want>|alt1=iste-|altaff=-k|istek<gloss:request, want>}}
#: {{afex|tr|dilemek<gloss:to wish>|alt1=dile-|altaff=-k|dilek<gloss:wish, desire>}}

==Upper Sorbian==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|hsb|sla-pro|*-ъkъ}}.

===Suffix===
{{head|hsb|suffix|g=m|cat2=diminutive suffixes|cat3=noun-forming suffixes}}

# {{ng|Used to form diminutives of masculine nouns.}}

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|hsb}}

==Veps==

===Etymology===
{{rfe|vep}}

===Particle===
{{head|vep|particle}}

# {{rfdef|vep}}

===References===
* {{R:vep:UVVV|а|ли}}