Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/SirBarton-Johnny_Loftus-1919Preakness.jpg/220px-SirBarton-Johnny_Loftus-1919Preakness.jpg)
In the United States, the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, commonly known as the Triple Crown, is a series of horse races for three-year-old Thoroughbreds, consisting of the Kentucky Derby, Preakness Stakes, and Belmont Stakes. The three races were inaugurated in different years, the last being the Kentucky Derby in 1875. The Triple Crown Trophy, commissioned in 1950 but awarded to all previous winners as well as those after 1950, is awarded to a horse who wins all three races and is thereafter designated as a Triple Crown winner. The races are traditionally run in May and early June of each year, although global events have resulted in schedule adjustments, such as in 1945 and 2020.
The first winner of all three Triple Crown races was Sir Barton in 1919. Some journalists began using the term Triple Crown to refer to the three races as early as 1923, but it was not until Gallant Fox won the three events in 1930 that Charles Hatton of the Daily Racing Form put the term to common use.
Only 13 horses have ever won the Triple Crown: Sir Barton (1919), Gallant Fox (1930), Omaha (1935), War Admiral (1937), Whirlaway (1941), Count Fleet (1943), Assault (1946), Citation (1948), Secretariat (1973), Seattle Slew (1977), Affirmed (1978), American Pharoah (2015), and Justify (2018). As of 2024[update], American Pharoah and Justify are the only living Triple Crown winners.
James E. "Sunny Jim" Fitzsimmons was the first trainer to win the Triple Crown more than once; he trained both Gallant Fox and Omaha for the Belair Stud. Gallant Fox and Omaha are also the only father-son pair to each win the Triple Crown. Bob Baffert became the second trainer to win the Triple Crown more than once, training American Pharoah and Justify. Belair Stud and Calumet Farm are tied as owners with the most Triple Crown victories with two apiece; Calumet's winners were Whirlaway and Citation. Eddie Arcaro rode both of Calumet's Triple Crown champions and is the only jockey to win more than one Triple Crown. Willie Simms is the only African-American jockey to win all three races that would compose the triple crown. During the 1898 Preakness Stakes he rode a different horse, Sly Fox and won the race.
Secretariat holds the stakes record time for each of the three races. His time of 2:24 for 1+1⁄2 miles in the 1973 Belmont Stakes also set a world record that still stands.[1]
Development
[edit]The three Triple Crown races had existed long before the series received its name: the Belmont Stakes was first run in 1867, the Preakness in 1873,[2] and the Kentucky Derby in 1875.
On December 31, 1912, Johnson N. Camden Jr. proposed a Triple Crown of Kentucky races to be held at Lexington, Louisville, and Latonia,[3] then later a "Quadruple Stake" to include the Douglas Park racetrack.[4] Neither of these appear to have materialized.
The term "triple crown" in reference to the current three races was in use at least by 1923, although Daily Racing Form writer Charles Hatton is commonly credited with originating the term in 1930.[5]
The order in which the races are run has varied. From 1932 through 2019, the Kentucky Derby was run first, followed by the Preakness, and then the Belmont.[6] Running the three races in a five-week span was instituted in 1969.[7] The Preakness was run before the Kentucky Derby 11 times, most recently in 1931.[8][9] Two times— May 12, 1917, and May 13, 1922 — the Kentucky Derby and Preakness were run on the same day.[7]
Scheduling has occasionally been affected by global events. During World War II, the 1945 Kentucky Derby was moved from May 5 to June 9, with the Preakness and Belmont following on June 16 and 23, respectively.[10] In 2020, the Triple Crown was altered from its usual sequence due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The adjusted schedule started with the Belmont Stakes on June 20, at the shortened distance of 1+1⁄8 miles (9 furlongs). The Kentucky Derby ran on September 5, and finally the Preakness on October 3.[6] 2020 also marked the first time for the Belmont Stakes to be run as the opening leg of the Triple Crown.[11]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Triple_crown_three_sided_Trophy.jpg/220px-Triple_crown_three_sided_Trophy.jpg)
Each Triple Crown race is open to both colts and fillies. Although fillies have won each of the individual Triple Crown races, none has won the Triple Crown itself.[12] Despite attempts to develop a "Filly Triple Crown" or a "Triple Tiara" for fillies only, no set series of three races has consistently remained in the public eye, and at least four different types of races have been used. Two fillies won the series of the Kentucky Oaks, the Pimlico Oaks (now the Black-Eyed Susan Stakes), and the Coaching Club American Oaks, in 1949 and 1952, but the racing press did not designate either accomplishment as a "Triple Crown". In 1961, the New York Racing Association created a filly Triple Crown of in-state races only, but the races changed over the years. Eight fillies won the NYRA Triple Tiara between 1968 and 1993.[13]
Gelded colts may run in any of the three races today, but they were prohibited from entering the Belmont between 1919 and 1957. Geldings have won each of the individual races,[14][15] but like fillies, no gelding has ever won the Triple Crown. The closest was Funny Cide, who won the Derby and the Preakness in 2003.[16]
Each of the races is held on a dirt track, rather than the turf surfaces commonly used for important races elsewhere in the world.
2024–2026 changes
[edit]In 2024, the Belmont Stakes will be run at Saratoga Race Course at the shorter distance of 1+1⁄4 miles due to the construction of a new grandstand and racing surface at Belmont Park.[17] The final leg of the Triple Crown is also expected to be moved to Saratoga in 2025.[18] Meanwhile, the 2026 Preakness Stakes is expected to be run at Maryland's Laurel Park while Pimlico Race Course undergoes planned renovations.[19]
Kentucky Derby "The Run for the Roses" |
Preakness Stakes "The Run for the Black-Eyed Susans" |
Belmont Stakes "The Test of the Champion" | |
---|---|---|---|
Date | First Saturday in May | Third Saturday in May | Third Saturday following the Preakness (first or second Saturday in June) |
Current Track | Churchill Downs | Pimlico Race Course | Belmont Park |
Location | Louisville, Kentucky | Baltimore, Maryland | Elmont, New York |
Distance | 1+1⁄4 miles (10 furlongs; 2,000 m) | 1+3⁄16 miles (9.5 furlongs; 1,900 m) | 1+1⁄2 miles (12 furlongs; 2,400 m) |
Background | Inaugurated in 1875, the race was originally 1+1⁄2 miles (2,400 m) until 1897 when it was shortened to its current distance. It is the only one of the three races to have run continuously from its inception. Colts and geldings carry 126 pounds (57 kg) and fillies 121 pounds (55 kg). The field has been limited to 20 horses since 1975. | Started in 1873 and continuously run since 1894, it is the shortest of the three races. Pimlico was the home of the race from 1873 to 1889 and again from 1908 until the present. The Preakness was not run from 1891 to 1893. Weights are the same as for the Derby. Field is limited to 14 horses. | Begun in 1867, it is the oldest of the three races, though not held in 1911 and 1912 due to anti-gambling legislation in New York. The race was held at various New York tracks until 1905 when Belmont Park became the permanent location. Distance varied from 1+5⁄8 to 1+1⁄8 miles (2,600 to 1,800 m) until set at 1+1⁄2 miles (2,400 m) in 1926, making it the longest of the three. Weight assignments are the same as the other two races. Field is limited to 16 horses. |
Trophy | ![]() The Kentucky Derby Trophy |
![]() The Woodlawn Vase |
![]() The August Belmont Trophy |
Winners
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/1943_Kentucky_Derby_-_Count_Fleet_victory.jpg/220px-1943_Kentucky_Derby_-_Count_Fleet_victory.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Assault%2C_Eddie_Arcaro_up%2C_1946_Westchester_Handicap.jpg/220px-Assault%2C_Eddie_Arcaro_up%2C_1946_Westchester_Handicap.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/American_Pharoah.jpg/220px-American_Pharoah.jpg)
Year | Winner | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Breeder | Colors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1919 | Sir Barton | Johnny Loftus | H. Guy Bedwell | J. K. L. Ross | John E. Madden | ![]() |
1930 | Gallant Fox | Earl Sande | Jim Fitzsimmons | Belair Stud | Belair Stud | ![]() |
1935 | Omaha | Willie "Smokey" Saunders | Jim Fitzsimmons | Belair Stud | Belair Stud | ![]() |
1937 | War Admiral | Charles Kurtsinger | George Conway | Samuel D. Riddle | Samuel D. Riddle | ![]() |
1941 | Whirlaway | Eddie Arcaro | Ben A. Jones | Calumet Farm | Calumet Farm | ![]() |
1943 | Count Fleet | Johnny Longden | Don Cameron | Fannie Hertz | Fannie Hertz | ![]() |
1946 | Assault | Warren Mehrtens | Max Hirsch | King Ranch | King Ranch | ![]() |
1948 | Citation | Eddie Arcaro | Horace A. "Jimmy" Jones | Calumet Farm | Calumet Farm | ![]() |
1973 | Secretariat | Ron Turcotte | Lucien Laurin | Meadow Stable | Meadow Stable | ![]() |
1977 | Seattle Slew | Jean Cruguet | William H. Turner Jr. | Mickey and Karen L. Taylor, Tayhill Stable/Jim Hill, et al. |
Ben S. Castleman | ![]() |
1978 | Affirmed | Steve Cauthen | Laz Barrera | Harbor View Farm | Harbor View Farm | ![]() |
2015 | American Pharoah | Victor Espinoza | Bob Baffert | Ahmed Zayat | Ahmed Zayat | ![]() |
2018 | Justify | Mike Smith | Bob Baffert | China Horse Club; Head of Plains Partners; Starlight Racing; WinStar Farm |
John D. Gunther | ![]() ![]() |
† During his 2018 bid for the Triple Crown, Justify used the colors of WinStar Farms (white, green and black star) for the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes. The colors of China Horse Club (red, yellow stars and sleeves) were used in the Belmont Stakes. |
At completion of the 2016 season, the three Triple Crown races have attracted 4,224 entrants. Of these, 292 horses have won a single leg of the Triple Crown, 52 horses have won two of the races (23 the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes, 18 the Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes, and 11 the Kentucky Derby and Belmont Stakes), and 13 horses have won all three races. Pillory won both the Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes in 1922, a year when it was impossible to win the Triple Crown because the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes were run on the same day.
10 of the 13 winners have been "homebreds", owned at the time of their win by their breeders.[21]
Jim Fitzsimmons and Bob Baffert are the only two trainers to have two horses win the Triple Crown, with Fitzsimmons training the sire/son combination of 1930 winner Gallant Fox and 1935 winner Omaha and Baffert training 2015 winner American Pharoah and 2018 winner Justify. The wins by Fitzsimmons were also the first time that an owner and the first time that a breeder, Belair Stud holding both duties, had a repeat win of the Triple Crown. Calumet Farm is the only other owner with two Triple Crown horses, 1941 winner Whirlaway and 1948 winner Citation. Eddie Arcaro is the only jockey to ride two horses to the Triple Crown, both for Calumet: Whirlaway and Citation. Those two horses' trainers, Ben Jones and Jimmy Jones, were father and son.
All 13 horses were foaled in the United States. Most owners, trainers, and jockeys were American-born, though there were a number of exceptions: jockey Johnny Longden was born in England and raised in Canada; Ron Turcotte was Canadian. French-born jockey Jean Cruguet; and jockey Victor Espinoza, from Mexico. Jockey Willie Saunders is considered a Canadian jockey because he spent part of his childhood there, but was born in Montana. Laz Barrera, trainer of Affirmed, was from Cuba; Secretariat's trainer, Lucien Laurin was Canadian. Owner Fannie Hertz was married to John D. Hertz, who was born in Slovakia; owner Ahmed Zayat was born in Egypt. The horse Sir Barton was foaled in the United States but had a Canadian owner, J. K. L. Ross, at the time of his Triple Crown win. Justify's large ownership group included individuals from both the United States and China.
Records
[edit]Secretariat holds the stakes record for each of the Triple Crown races, the Kentucky Derby (1:59 2/5 ) the Preakness Stakes (1:53), and the Belmont Stakes (2:24).[22][23]
At 18, Steve Cauthen became the youngest jockey to win the Triple Crown, riding Affirmed in 1978. At 52, Mike Smith became the oldest jockey to win the Triple Crown, riding Justify in 2018.
Other notable achievements
[edit]Only one horse, Alydar, placed (finished second) in all three races. He was defeated each time by Affirmed in 1978 by a combined margin of two lengths. His trainer John Veitch is the only trainer to have done this with one horse. In 1995, D. Wayne Lukas became the first and only major figure (owner, jockey, or trainer) to win all three Triple Crown races with different horses, Thunder Gulch in the Derby and Belmont, Timber Country in the Preakness. Lukas also is the only trainer to have won six consecutive Triple Crown races, adding his 1995 wins, having won the 1994 Preakness and Belmont with Tabasco Cat and the 1996 Derby with Grindstone.[24]
Like Veitch, only with two different horses, Bob Baffert also had second-place finishes in all three legs of the Triple Crown, both owned by Ahmed Zayat: in 2012, Bodemeister finished second in the Kentucky Derby and Preakness stakes to I'll Have Another, then Paynter was entered and finished second to Union Rags.[25] Baffert and Zayat teamed up again for the 2015 Triple Crown victory of American Pharoah.
Gallant Fox is the only Triple Crown winner to sire another U.S. Triple Crown winner, Omaha. Affirmed sired Peteski, winner of the 1993 Canadian Triple Crown.[26]
Jockey Julie Krone became the first (and currently only[27]) woman to win a Triple Crown race when she won the 1993 Belmont Stakes aboard Colonial Affair.
Whirlaway, in addition to winning the 1941 Triple Crown, also won the Travers Stakes that year, the first and only horse to date to accomplish that feat. American Pharoah, in addition to winning the 2015 Triple Crown, also won the Breeders' Cup Classic that year. As the Breeders' Cup was not established until 1984, American Pharoah was the first (and currently only) horse to sweep those four races, a feat now known as the Grand Slam.[28][29]
Arcangelo won the 2023 Belmont Stakes, making Jena Antonucci the first female trainer to win a Triple Crown race.[30]
Gaps between wins
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Triple_Crown_Winners_in_2012.jpg/220px-Triple_Crown_Winners_in_2012.jpg)
After the first Triple Crown winner, Sir Barton, in 1919, there was not another winner until Gallant Fox in 1930, a gap of 11 years. Between 1930 and 1948, seven horses won the Triple Crown, with five years being the longest gap between winners. However, following the 1948 win of Citation, there was a considerable gap of 25 years before Secretariat ended the drought of Triple Crown champions in 1973. Between 1973 and 1978, there were three Triple Crown winners.
After Affirmed's Triple Crown in 1978, the longest drought in Triple Crown history began in 1979 with Spectacular Bid's failed Triple Crown attempt when he finished third in the Belmont. It lasted until American Pharoah won in 2015, a gap of 37 years.
Between 1979 and 2014, thirteen horses won both the Derby and Preakness, but not the Belmont. Of those, Real Quiet came the closest, losing the Belmont Stakes by a nose in 1998. Another dramatic near-miss was Charismatic, who led the Belmont Stakes in the final furlong in 1999, but fractured his left front leg in the final stretch and fell back to third. Five other horses lost the Kentucky Derby but won the Preakness and the Belmont, and three won the Derby and the Belmont, but not the Preakness.
![Horses leaving the Belmont Park starting gate at the beginning of a horse race](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Belmont_Stakes_2014_start_detail.png/330px-Belmont_Stakes_2014_start_detail.png)
The 37-year gap between the Triple Crown wins of Affirmed and American Pharoah drew criticism of the system. As far back as 1986, reporters noted that horses who were fresh for the Belmont had an advantage.[31] In 2003, Gary Stevens stated in an interview with Charlie Rose that he did not believe there would be another Triple Crown winner because of the tendency for owners to put fresh horses in the Preakness and Belmont Stakes.[32] California Chrome co-owner Steve Coburn was particularly critical of the Triple Crown system in post-Belmont remarks in 2014; he considered the system to be unfair, arguing that there would never be another Triple Crown winner in his lifetime unless only horses that competed in the Kentucky Derby and Preakness competed at the Belmont. By 2014, six of the previous eight Belmont winners had not competed in either of the first two legs of the Triple Crown.[33] Additionally, from 2006 to 2014, the Belmont winner was a horse who had not competed in the Preakness.[34][35]
Unsuccessful bids
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Big_Brown_Belmont.jpg/220px-Big_Brown_Belmont.jpg)
Since all three events were inaugurated, as of 2023, 23 horses have won the Derby and Preakness but not the Belmont (ten of which placed):
- 1932: Burgoo King did not enter the Belmont due to lameness.[36]:78, 182
- 1936: Bold Venture did not enter the Belmont due to lameness.[36]:78, 182
- 1944: Pensive was the first horse to contest but lose the Belmont after winning the first two legs. He placed second to Bounding Home,[36]:78 who had neither run in the Derby nor the Preakness.[2]
- 1958: Tim Tam, defeated by six lengths by Cavan, who had neither contested the Derby nor Preakness.[2]
- 1961: Carry Back, "sore" after the race, was seventh of nine entries, 14+1⁄2 lengths behind the winner, a longshot named Sherluck.[2]
- 1964: Northern Dancer, defeated by Quadrangle.[2]
- 1966: Kauai King, defeated by Amberoid.[2]
- 1968: Forward Pass, defeated by Stage Door Johnny by 1+1⁄4 lengths.[2]
- 1969: Majestic Prince, second by 5+1⁄2 lengths to Arts and Letters. Loss attributed to fatigue and lameness.[2][37]
- 1971: Cañonero II, fourth in the Belmont to 34–1 longshot Pass Catcher,[2] the loss attributed to a hoof problem.[38]
- 1979: Spectacular Bid, third in Belmont, was alleged to have stepped on a safety pin the morning of the race, though another theory blamed rider error by an inexperienced young jockey moving him too soon.[39] He finished 3+1⁄4 lengths behind Coastal and a neck behind the second-place horse, Golden Act.[40]
- 1981: Pleasant Colony, third in Belmont, 1+1⁄2 lengths behind Summing and the second-place horse, Highland Blade.[41]
- 1987: Alysheba finished fourth in Belmont behind Bet Twice, Cryptoclearance, and Gulch.[39][42]
- 1989: Sunday Silence, second in Belmont, eight lengths behind Easy Goer.[39]
- 1997: Silver Charm, second in Belmont, 3⁄4 length behind Touch Gold.[43]
- 1998: Real Quiet, second in Belmont after a photo finish, a nose behind Victory Gallop.[44]
- 1999: Charismatic, third in Belmont, 1+1⁄2 lengths behind Lemon Drop Kid and second-place Vision and Verse. Charismatic was pulled up soon after the finish, vanned off with a bone fracture. He survived and was retired to stud.[45]
- 2002: War Emblem stumbled at the gate in Belmont and finished eighth out of 11. Winner Sarava scored an upset at record odds of 70–1.[46]
- 2003: Funny Cide, third in Belmont, five lengths behind Empire Maker, and 4+1⁄4 lengths behind second-place horse, Ten Most Wanted.[47]
- 2004: Smarty Jones, second in Belmont, one length behind Birdstone.[48]
- 2008: Big Brown was pulled up in the home stretch of the Belmont, eased to a last-place finish. The winner was Da' Tara. A hoof problem had limited Big Brown's training and may have been a factor in his defeat.[49]
- 2012: I'll Have Another was scratched from the Belmont the day before the race due to a tendon injury.[39]
- 2014: California Chrome finished in a dead heat for 4th in the Belmont. Another horse stepped on him leaving the gate, and he ran the race with an injury to his heel and a scrape on his tendon.[50]
Another 30 horses have won the Belmont after winning only one of the first two legs.
Sponsorship and broadcasting
[edit]The first live national television broadcast of a Triple Crown race occurred with the 1947 Belmont Stakes on CBS.[51] The following year, the Preakness Stakes was broadcast live and the Kentucky Derby was filmed to be broadcast the following day.[52]
Originally, the three races largely organized their own nominations procedure, marketing and television broadcast rights. In 1985, Triple Crown Productions was created when the owner of Spend a Buck chose not to run in the other two Triple Crown races because of a financial incentive offered to any Kentucky Derby winner who could win a set of competing races in New Jersey. The organizers of the three races realized that they needed to work together.[53]
Efforts to unify the sponsorship and marketing of all three Triple Crown races began in 1987 when ABC Sports negotiated a deal with Chrysler to pay $5 million to any horse that swept all three races, and $1 million each year there was no Triple Crown sweep to the horse with the highest combined Triple Crown finish.[54] This sponsorship lasted until 1993. The end of the $1 million participation bonus was linked to the breakdown of Prairie Bayou at the Belmont Stakes that year and the uncomfortable situation that arose when the Kentucky Derby winner, Sea Hero, was given the bonus following a seventh-place finish.[53]
In 1995, Visa took over the sponsorship with a 10-year contract, naming the series the Visa Triple Crown and offering only the $5 million bonus to a horse that could sweep the Triple Crown.[55] Along with sponsorship by Visa, NBC Sports paid $51.5 million for broadcast rights to all three races, with the revenue split giving 50% of the total to Churchill Downs and 25% each to Pimlico and to the New York Racing Association (NYRA).[53]
The Visa deal—and the cooperative effort—ended after 2005. The NYRA felt that they did not get a fair share of the revenue, particularly when the Belmont had the highest ratings of all three races in the years where a Triple Crown was on the line.[53] From 2001 through 2013, average viewership for the Belmont was 7 million when the Triple Crown was not at stake, whereas viewership averaged 13 million when it was.[a][56] With the contract term ending, the NYRA went to ESPN on ABC for the 2006 Belmont, while the broadcasts of the Derby and Preakness remained with NBC.[53] Visa chose to remain as a sponsor of only Kentucky Derby for the next five years.[55] As a result of the divided broadcast, Triple Crown Productions was unable to obtain a new sponsor.[53]
Today Triple Crown Productions LLC, based at Churchill Downs, is responsible for collecting nominations to the annual Triple Crown races.[57]
Years | Sponsor | Bonuses |
---|---|---|
1987–1993 | Chrysler Corporation | $1 million (best overall record) $5 million (three wins) |
1995–2005 | Visa | $5 million (three wins) |
In February 2011, ABC/ESPN dropped out of the negotiations to renew broadcast rights to the Belmont Stakes. NBC obtained the contract through 2015, once again uniting all three races on the same network.[58][59][60] In 2014, NBC extended their contract for the Kentucky Derby through 2025.[61] NBC then renewed its rights to the Preakness and Belmont through 2022.[62] In January 2022, Fox Sports acquired the broadcast rights to the Belmont Stakes for eight years beginning in 2023.[63]
Individual race winners
[edit]† | Denotes winners of the Triple Crown |
* | Denotes winners of the Derby and Preakness but not the Belmont |
# | Denotes winners of the other two combinations of 2 out of the 3 Triple Crown races |
- Notes
- ^ These were 2002 for War Emblem, 2003 for Funny Cide and 2004 for Smarty Jones.[53]
- ^ The 1890 Preakness Stakes was held at Morris Park Racecourse in The Bronx, New York.[64]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o From 1894 to 1908, the Preakness Stakes were held at Gravesend Race Track on Coney Island, New York.[64]
- ^ a b c d In 1917 and 1922, the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes were held on the same day.
- ^ a b The 1918 Preakness Stakes was held in two divisions due to a large field. War Cloud won one and Jack Hare Jr. the other.
- ^ a b c d e Due to reconstruction at Belmont Park, the Belmont Stakes were held at Aqueduct Racetrack in Queens, New York from 1963 to 1967.
- ^ Dancer's Image was disqualified as the winner of the 1968 Kentucky Derby due to a post-race failed drug test.
- ^ I'll Have Another was scratched the afternoon prior to the Belmont due to tendonitis and was unable to attempt to win the race.
- ^ Maximum Security was disqualified as the winner of the 2019 Kentucky Derby after he was judged to have interfered with another horse.
- ^ Medina Spirit was disqualified as the winner of the 2021 Kentucky Derby for a failed drug test.
- [Fy] Denotes a filly. Fillies won the Kentucky Derby in 1915, 1980, and 1988, Preakness Stakes in 1903, 1906, 1915, 1924, 2009, and 2020, and Belmont Stakes in 1867, 1905, and 2007.
- RNR Race not run. The Belmont was not run in 1911 and 1912 due to anti-betting legislation passed in New York State. The Preakness did not run 1891–1893.
See also
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- American thoroughbred racing top attended events
- British Classic Races
- French Classic Races
- Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing
- Grand Slam of Thoroughbred racing
References
[edit]- ^ "Secretariat remains No. 1 name in racing". ESPN. Archived from the original on May 25, 2015. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Christine, Bill (June 4, 1989). "The Spoilers: Last Jewel of Triple Crown Has Been Stolen 11 Times—Will Sunday Silence Be Next Victim of an Upset?". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
- ^ "Trio of Thoroughbred Events to be called "Triple Crown" is proposed by Camden". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Cincinnati, Ohio. January 1, 1913. Archived from the original on January 7, 2024. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
- ^ "Camden Suggests Qudruple Stake". Lexington Herald-Leader. Lexington, Kentucky. January 20, 1913. Archived from the original on January 7, 2024. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
- ^ Liebman, Bennett (April 24, 2008). "The Rail: The Race for the Triple Crown – Origins of Triple Crown". The New York Times. New York, NY. Archived from the original on July 18, 2012. Retrieved May 9, 2009.
- ^ a b Whyno, Stephen (May 19, 2020). "Belmont set for June 20 without fans, leads off Triple Crown". apnews.com. Associated Press. Archived from the original on April 5, 2023. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
- ^ a b Janack, Phil (2020). "Delayed Preakness Poised to Make History". pimlico.com. Archived from the original on April 5, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
- ^ Steadman, John (May 18, 1994). "Spreading out Triple Crown will help set it apart". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
- ^ Wade, Jake (May 9, 1931). "It's the Preakness Today; And Derby is One Week Off". The Charlotte Observer. p. 18. Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2020 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ Hanson, Vance (March 19, 2020). "1945 – When the Kentucky Derby moved from May to June". twinspires.com. Archived from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
- ^ Darcy, Kieran (June 18, 2020). "What to know ahead of an unusual Belmont Stakes". ESPN.com. Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
- ^ Beyer, Andrew (June 12, 2007). "Where Are the Fillies?". Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
- ^ Genaro, Teresa (June 7, 2011). "The Triple Tiara". Hello Race Fans. Archived from the original on June 8, 2023. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
- ^ Drape, Joe (June 1, 2003). "Where No Gelding Has Gone Before". New York Times. Archived from the original on April 5, 2023. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
- ^ "History: Horses". Belmont Stakes. Archived from the original on December 2, 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
- ^ Kane, Mike (June 6, 2014). "10 things to know about the Triple Crown". Courier-Journal. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
- ^ Mather, Victor (December 6, 2023). "Belmont Stakes Will Move to Saratoga for 2024". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 9, 2024. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
- ^ "NYRA seeks to hold 2025 Belmont Stakes at Saratoga Race Course". Spectrum News Albany/Capital Region. March 20, 2024. Archived from the original on April 9, 2024. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
- ^ Witte, Brian (April 8, 2024). "Maryland lawmakers OK plan to rebuild Pimlico Race Course, home of the Preakness". Associated Press. Archived from the original on April 9, 2024. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
- ^ "Triple Crown Winners". The New York Racing Association. June 8, 2015. Archived from the original on June 8, 2015. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
- ^ Angst, Frank (June 10, 2015). "The Figs: American Pharoah's Triple Crown". Blood-Horse. Archived from the original on June 11, 2015. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
- ^ "Sham: In the Shadow of a Superhorse". California Thoroughbred. Archived from the original on May 7, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
- ^ Hegarty, Matt (June 19, 2012). "Secretariat awarded Preakness record at 1:53 after review". Daily Racing Form. Archived from the original on March 24, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
- ^ Christine, Bill (December 29, 2011). "10 most unbreakable records (10–6)". Daily Racing Form. Archived from the original on June 13, 2015. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
- ^ "2012 Kentucky Derby – I'll Have Another rallies to win at Churchill Downs – ESPN". ESPN.com. May 5, 2012. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 3, 2014.
- ^ "Canadian Triple Crown Winner Peteski Dies from Colic". BloodHorse.com. April 8, 2001. Archived from the original on May 22, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2010.
- ^ [von Hippel, Paul T.; Rutherford, Caroline G.; Keyes, Katherine M. (2017). "Gender and Weight among Thoroughbred Jockeys: Underrepresented Women and Underweight Men". Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World. 3: 237802311771259. doi:10.1177/2378023117712599]
- ^ Ehalt, Bob (June 7, 2015). "Pharoah ushers in Grand Slam era". ESPN.com. Archived from the original on June 11, 2015. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
- ^ "American Pharoah". breederscup.com. Archived from the original on May 13, 2016. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
- ^ Drape, Joe (June 10, 2023). "Arcangelo's Belmont Victory Makes Trainer First Woman to Win a Triple Crown Race". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 11, 2023. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
- ^ "The Courier – Google News Archive Search". Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved October 3, 2014.
- ^ Charlie Rose (July 21, 2003). "A rebroadcast of a discussion about the film Seabiscuit". Charlie Rose. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012.
- ^ "Brennan: Cherry-pick races and Triple Crown extinct". USA Today. Archived from the original on June 8, 2014. Retrieved June 8, 2014.
- ^ "Betting against California Chrome? Fresh horses typically win Belmont Stakes". Newsday. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 3, 2014.
- ^ ESPN News Service (June 6, 2015). "American Pharoah claims first Triple Crown since 1978". ESPN. Archived from the original on March 27, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
- ^ a b c Drape, Joe (2008). To the swift : classic Triple Crown horses and their race for glory (1st ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 9780312357955.
- ^ Drager, Marvin. "Majestic Prince". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on June 3, 2015. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
- ^ Glauber, Bill (May 19, 1991). "Canonero II came close to Triple Crowning glory". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on June 7, 2015. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
- ^ a b c d Staff (June 1, 2015). "American Pharoah Eyes Triple Crown Sweep". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 4, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
- ^ Oakford, Glenye Cain (September 17, 2011). "Spectacular Bid, 27, dead". Daily Racing Form. Archived from the original on August 25, 2015. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
- ^ Hovdey, Jay (May 31, 2012). "Triple Crown near-misses: Pleasant Colony, 1981". Daily Racing Form. Archived from the original on October 4, 2015. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
- ^ Finn, Robin (June 7, 1987). "BELMONT STAKES; On Bumpy Road to Crown, Alysheba Is Left Behind". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 24, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
- ^ Durso, Joseph (June 8, 1997). "Touch Gold Sneaks In to Steal Silver Charm's Crown". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
- ^ Durso, Joseph (June 7, 1998). "THE 130TH BELMONT STAKES; Victory Gallop's Charge Keeps Real Quiet Short of Posterity". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 22, 2018. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
- ^ Durso, Joseph (June 6, 1999). "HORSE RACING; Charismatic's Bid Ends in Injury and Defeat". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
- ^ Drape, Joe (June 9, 2002). "Early Stumble Dooms War Emblem's Triple Crown Bid". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 8, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
- ^ Drape, Joe (June 8, 2003). "Empire Maker Ends Funny Cide's Triple Crown Bid". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 27, 2024. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
- ^ Drape, Joe (June 6, 2004). "At Smarty Jones's Coronation, Birdstone Makes Off With the Crown". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 28, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
- ^ Beyer, Andrew (June 11, 2008). "The Story Behind Big Brown's Bad Belmont May Never Be Known". Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 7, 2015. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
- ^ Claire Novak (June 8, 2014). "'Chrome' Co-Owner Has No Regrets for Comments". BloodHorse.com. Archived from the original on October 8, 2014. Retrieved October 3, 2014.
- ^ "Television Programs Saturday". Newsday. Melville, New York. May 31, 1947. Archived from the original on January 7, 2024. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
- ^ "Derby, Preakness, Belmont Stakes To Be Televised". Camden, New Jersey. February 6, 1948. p. 23. Archived from the original on January 7, 2024. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g Paulick, Ray (November 17, 2010). "Selling Triple Crown As A Package Deal". Paulick Report. Archived from the original on June 16, 2015. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
- ^ "Chrysler to Sponsor Triple Crown Challenge". Ocala Star-Banner. Associated Press. September 24, 1987. Archived from the original on October 19, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
- ^ a b Staff (May 2, 2005). "VIsa to End Triple Crown Challenge Sponsorship". Blood-Horse. Archived from the original on May 29, 2015. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
- ^ Sandomir, Richard (May 19, 2014). "Looking for a Sure Thing in the Belmont Stakes? Bet on NBC". New York Times. Archived from the original on May 23, 2015. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
- ^ "Early Nominations for 2021 Triple Crown Due Jan. 23" (Press release). Louisville, KY: Churchill Downs Incorporated. January 20, 2021. Archived from the original on January 16, 2022. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
- ^ "NBC reaches deal to keep Kentucky Derby rights through 2015". Daily Hampshire Gazette - GazetteNet.com. Associated Press. October 8, 2010. Archived from the original on June 12, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
- ^ Sharrow, Ryan (February 22, 2011). "NBC re-ups deal to carry Preakness through 2015". Archived from the original on November 19, 2011. Retrieved October 26, 2011.
- ^ "NBC Signs Five Year Deal To Televise Belmont Stakes". Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 3, 2014.
- ^ "New Pact Keeps Kentucky Derby in NBC Stable Through 2025" (Press Release). February 26, 2014. Archived from the original on May 21, 2015. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
- ^ Walker, Childs (August 10, 2015). "Preakness will remain on NBC under 7-year deal". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on January 6, 2022. Retrieved January 5, 2022.
- ^ "Belmont Stakes moving from NBC to Fox Sports in 8-year deal starting in 2023". espn.com. Associated Press. January 5, 2022. Archived from the original on January 6, 2022. Retrieved January 5, 2022.
- ^ a b "Preakness Stakes – History". preakness-stakes.info. Archived from the original on April 13, 2015. Retrieved May 18, 2015.