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{{Short description|American naval officer and investor (1792-1862)}}
{{Infobox military person
| birth_name    = Uriah Phillips Levy
| image         = Uriah Phillips Levy.jpg
| caption       = 
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1792|4|22}}
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1862|3|22|1792|4|22}}
| placeofburial_label = Place of burial
| placeofburial = [[Beth Olam Cemetery]], Queens, New York
| birth_place   = [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]
| death_place   = [[New York City]]
| nickname      = 
| allegiance    = {{flag|United States of America|1795}}
| branch        = {{flagicon image|US Naval Jack 15 stars.svg}} [[United States Navy]]
| serviceyears  = 1812-1862
| rank          = [[Commodore (United States)|Commodore]]
| commands      = {{USS|Vandalia|1828|6}}<br/>{{USS|Macedonian|1836|6}}<br/>{{USS|Franklin|1815|6}}<br/>[[Mediterranean Squadron (United States)|Mediterranean Fleet]]
| unit          = 
| battles       = [[War of 1812]]
| awards        = 
| laterwork     = 
| spouse        = Virginia Lopez
}}

'''Uriah Phillips Levy''' (April 22, 1792 – March 22, 1862) was a naval officer, real estate investor, and [[philanthropist]]. He was a veteran of the [[War of 1812]] and the first Jewish [[Commodore (United States)|Commodore]] of the [[United States Navy]].<ref group="note">At the time, Commodore was the highest rank in the U.S. Navy; it would be roughly equivalent to the modern-day rank of [[Admiral]].</ref>  He was instrumental in helping to end the Navy's practice of [[flagellation|flogging]], and during his half-century-long service prevailed against the [[antisemitism]] he faced among some of his fellow naval officers.

An admirer of [[Thomas Jefferson]], Levy purchased and began the restoration of [[Monticello]] in the 1830s. He also commissioned and donated a statue of Jefferson that is now located in the [[Capitol Rotunda]]; it is the only privately commissioned artwork in the Capitol.

==Early years==
{{more citations needed section|date=July 2013}}
Levy was born on April 22, 1792, in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] to Michael and Rachel Phillips Levy. He had two older siblings. Uriah Levy was close to his maternal grandfather, [[Jonas Phillips]], who had emigrated to the United States in 1756 from Germany, and fought with the Philadelphia militia in the [[American Revolution]]. His maternal great-great grandfather, Dr. Samuel Ribeiro Nunes, a [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] physician, was among a group of 42 [[Sephardic Jews]] who escaped the [[Spanish Inquisition]] of the early 16th century and migrated to England, where they settled. Descendants of that group sailed from London in 1733 and helped found the city of [[Savannah, Georgia]], where they lived for generations.{{sfn|Leepson|2003|pages=47–50}}

Levy's younger brother was [[Jonas Phillips Levy]], who became a merchant and sea captain.  He was the father of five, including the Congressman [[Jefferson Monroe Levy]].

Levy ran away from home at the age of ten<ref>[https://mosaicmagazine.com/picks/history-ideas/2021/10/the-jewish-naval-hero-who-donated-new-yorks-banished-thomas-jefferson-statue/ "The Jewish Naval Hero Who Donated New York’s Banished Thomas Jefferson Statue."] ''Mosaic''.  26 October 2021.  27 October 2021.</ref> and ended up serving on various vessels as a [[cabin boy]], and according to family stories, returned home to Philadelphia at age 13 for his [[bar mitzvah]].

==Naval career==
In 1806, he apprenticed as a sailor and was a cabin boy.  Later he became a [[sailing master]] in the U.S. Navy,<ref name="Feldberg">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0881257567 |first1=Michael |last1=Feldberg |year=2002 |title=Blessings of Freedom: Chapters in American Jewish History |publisher=KTAV Publishing House |pages=243 |isbn=0881257567 |access-date=May 17, 2014}}</ref> and fought in the [[First Barbary War|Barbary Wars]].

At the age of 21, he volunteered for the [[War of 1812]] and was commissioned as a sailing master on October 21, 1812.  He was a [[wikt:supernumerary|supernumerary]] [[sailing master]] on the {{USS|Argus|1803|2}}, which [[Interdiction|interdicted]] British ships in the English Channel. The ''Argus'' seized more than 20 vessels before being captured by a British warship on August 14, 1813; her captain was killed, and the crew, including Levy, surrendered and were taken prisoner.<ref name="Levy26">{{Harvnb|Dye|2006|p=26}}</ref> They were imprisoned in [[Great Britain]] for sixteen months until the end of the war. During his imprisonment, Levy had difficulty obtaining a subsidy and parole because his status as a supernumerary was not recognised by the British [[Transport Board (Royal Navy)|Transport Board]].<ref name="Levy46">{{Harvnb|Dye|2006|pp=46–47}}</ref>

Upon returning to the United States, Levy served aboard the {{USS|Franklin|1815|2}} as [[second master]].  Levy was promoted to the rank of [[lieutenant]] in 1817.  This commission was a rare feat, given that he started as a cabin boy and worked his way to being a sailing master.<ref name="Feldberg"/> He became a [[Master Commandant|master commandant]] in 1837, and [[Captain (naval)|captain]] in 1844.

During his service in the U.S. Navy, Levy faced considerable [[antisemitism]].<ref name="Feldberg"/>  He reacted to slights and was [[court martial|court-martialed]] six times, and once demoted from the rank of [[Captain (United States)|Captain]].<ref name="Feldberg"/> Twice, he was dismissed from the Navy, but reinstated. He defended his conduct in his handling of naval affairs before a Court of Inquiry and in 1855 was restored to his former position.

Later,{{specify|date=July 2013}} Levy commanded the Mediterranean Squadron.  As a squadron commander he was given the title of [[Commodore (United States)|commodore]], then the highest position in the U.S. Navy.

Levy was instrumental in abolishing [[flagellation|flogging]] in the U.S. Navy, although his position was considered controversial at the time. He also helped gain the support of the [[31st United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] in passing an anti-flogging bill in 1850.<ref name="washingtonpost.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/16/AR2005091601729.html |first1=Hamil R. |last1=Harris |title=Jewish Chapel Is Set to Open at Naval Academy |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |date=September 17, 2005 |page=B09 |access-date=October 21, 2012}}</ref>

Levy spent only 16 years of his 49-year naval career in active service.  The rest of time, he was listed as "waiting orders", meaning that he could be called to serve at any time.  Although Levy served during the first year of the [[American Civil War]], he was not given an active assignment at that time.

Levy became wealthy by investing in [[New York City]]'s real estate market.{{sfn|Leepson|2003|pages=112–113}}

==Philanthropic activities==
Levy undertook various [[philanthropic]] endeavors, many of which were in support of Jewish-American life.  In 1854 he sponsored the new [[seminary|Jewish seminary]] of the [[B'nai Jeshurun (Manhattan)|B'nai Jeshurun]] Educational Institute in New York.

In 1833, [[New York City]] gave Levy the [[List of Keys to the City in the United States#New York|Key to the City]] after he presented the city with a patinated plaster statue of Thomas Jefferson, the one used to cast the bronze version he gave to the U.S. Congress.<ref name="patinated">{{cite web| title= City Hall Restoration Should Return Jefferson to Place of Honor| url= https://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/05/opinion/l-city-hall-restoration-should-return-jefferson-to-place-of-honor-582095.html| date=January 5, 1995 |first=Leslie M.|last= Freudenheim | work= Letter to the Editor| access-date=2013-07-20 | quote= The statue was given to "the people of New York" by Commodore Uriah Phillips Levy (1792–1862) at the end of 1833. It is the original plaster from which the bronze version, which he gave "to the people of the United States," was made....Before the statue was set up in City Hall, Levy charged admission to view it at 355 Broadway, using the proceeds to feed the city's poor....For his generous gift, Levy was given the Freedom of the City of New York award, symbolized by a large gold snuff box.}}</ref>  Before the statue was set up in [[New York City Hall]], Levy installed it in a building on Broadway and charged admission to view it.  The proceeds were used to buy bread for the city's poor.<ref name="patinated"/>

==Monticello==
{{more citations needed section|date=July 2013}}
[[File:Levy-Monticello.jpg|thumb|Levy's mother's grave]]
Levy was a great admirer of [[Thomas Jefferson]]:<ref name=Usofsky>{{cite journal |first1=Melvin I. |last1=Usofsky |title=The Levy Family and Monticello |journal=[[Virginia Quarterly Review]] |date=Summer 2002 |pages=395–412 }}</ref>

<blockquote>I consider Thomas Jefferson to be one of the greatest men in history, the author of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration]] and an absolute democrat. He serves as an inspiration to millions of Americans. He did much to mould our Republic in a form in which a man's religion does not make him ineligible for political or governmental life.</blockquote>

Monticello was sold by Jefferson’s heirs (his daughter, Martha Jefferson Randolph and her son, Thomas Jefferson Randolph) to James Turner Barclay, a Charlottesville pharmacist, in 1831. In 1834, Levy bought it from Barclay for $2,700 {{convert|218|acre|adj=on}} [[Monticello]]—which is equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|2700|1834|r=-2}}}} in today's dollars. Levy undertook to have the long-neglected home repaired, restored, and preserved. He bought hundreds of additional acres that had been part of the plantation, to add to what was left. He also purchased 12 enslaved people to work at Monticello, eventually owning about 20 during his tenure.

Levy used Monticello as a vacation home.  From 1837 to 1839, his widowed mother Rachel Levy lived there until her death; she is buried along Mulberry Row, the main plantation street adjacent to the mansion.{{sfn|Leepson|2003|pages=70–71}}

Upon his death in 1862, Levy left Monticello to the American people to be used as an agricultural school for the orphans of Navy [[warrant officer]]s.  Because of the [[American Civil War]], Congress refused to accept the donation.  The [[Confederate States of America|Confederate government]] seized and sold the property; lawyers for Levy's estate recovered the property after the war.

Following two lawsuits by family members over Levy's will, with 47 parties to the suit, in 1879 his nephew [[Jefferson Monroe Levy]] bought out the other heirs for $10,050 (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=10050|start_year=1879}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}), and took control of Monticello.{{sfn|Leepson|2003|page=110}}  He had it repaired and restored. He sold it in 1923 to the [[Thomas Jefferson Foundation|Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation]], which has renovated and restored the property as a house museum.
[[File:Flickr - USCapitol - Thomas Jefferson Statue.jpg|thumb|upright|Statue of Jefferson in the Capitol.]]
The Levy family's role in preserving Monticello was downplayed by the Thomas Jefferson Foundation through much of the 20th century, which Urofsky suggests was due to anti-Semitic views among some of its board and members.<ref name="Urofsky197">{{Harvnb|Urofsky|2001|p=197}}</ref>

In 1985, the Thomas Jefferson Foundation restored the gravesite of Rachel Levy and honored descendants of the family in a ceremony at Monticello.{{sfn|Leepson|2003|pages=253–254}} The Foundation also celebrates the roles of Uriah P. Levy and Jefferson Monroe Levy in helping preserve and restore Monticello, including on-site information about their roles.

==Jefferson statue==
In another tribute to Jefferson, Levy commissioned a bronze statue of the President from the noted sculptor [[David d'Angerse-Jean David d’Angers in Paris|Pierre-Jean David d’Angers in Paris]]. The statue depicts Jefferson holding a quill pen in his right hand and an etched copy of the Declaration of Independence in his left. Levy presented a black-painted plaster model of the Jefferson statue to the City of New York on February 6, 1833. The city gave him a gold snuff box in appreciation. That statue was placed on the second floor of the Rotunda at City Hall in Manhattan, and moved into the ornate City Council Chamber in the 1950s. It was moved from the Chamber on November 22, 2021, and loaned to The New-York Historical Society [http://savingmonticellonewsletter.blogspot.com/2021/12/december-2021.html]. Levy had donated the bronze statue to Congress in 1834.  The statue, which once stood on the [[White House]] North Lawn from 1834 to 1873 and currently stands in the [[Capitol Rotunda]], is the only privately commissioned piece of artwork in the [[United States Capitol|Capitol]].

==Personal life==
Levy's brother, Jonas Phillip Levy, served as the fifth president of the [[Washington Hebrew Congregation]] in Washington, DC from 1857 to 1858.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

At the age of 61, Levy married his 18-year-old niece Virginia Lopez, whose father had recently died.<ref name=Usofsky/><ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6NLSCgAAQBAJ&q=virginia%20lopez&pg=PT155 | title=The Grandees: America's Sephardic Elite| isbn=9781504026321| last1=Birmingham| first1=Stephen| date=December 2015| publisher=Open Road Media}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.marcleepson.com/savingmonticello/levys/genealogy.html|title = Levy Family Genealogy}}</ref> According to biographer Marc Leepson,{{sfn|Leepson|2003}} Levy "was following an ancient, if obscure, Jewish tradition that obligates the closest unmarried male relative of a recently orphaned or widowed woman in financial difficulties to marry her." (See also [http://www.acjna.org/acjna/articles_detail.aspx?id=252 letter], [[levirate marriage]])

Levy died on March 26, 1862, and was buried in [[Beth Olam Cemetery]], Ridgewood (Queens), associated with the [[Congregation Shearith Israel|Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue]].<ref name=Usofsky/>  He was one of the ranking officers of the Navy at the time of his death.<ref name="study">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/tje/view.cgi?n=11500 |title=Opening of Official Careers |encyclopedia=[[Jewish Encyclopedia|The 1901 Jewish Encyclopedia]] |publisher=[[Funk & Wagnalls]] |year=1901 |access-date=May 17, 2014}}</ref>

==Dates of rank==
*Sailing Master – 21 October 1812
*Lieutenant – 5 March 1817
*Master Commandant – 9 February 1837
*Captain – 29 March 1844

==Legacy and honors==
 {{multiple image
 | direction = vertical
 | width = 150
 | image1 = Uriah-P-Levy-Center.jpg
 | caption1 = The Commodore Uriah P. Levy Center and Jewish Chapel, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland
 | image2 = Jewish Chapel Norfolk VA.jpeg
 | caption2 = Wall-hanging in Commodore Levy Chapel, [[Naval Station Norfolk]]
}}
*1942, the [[Cannon class destroyer escort]], the {{USS|Levy|DE-162|3}} was named in his honor.  At the conclusion of [[World War II]], the Levy hosted the U.S. representative for the surrender of [[Wake Island]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://findingaids.cjh.org/?pID=109192 |title=Guide to the Uriah P. Levy (1792–1862) Collection, undated, 1787–1948, 1959, 1961, 1985, 2005 |publisher=[[American Jewish Historical Society]] [[Center for Jewish History]] |location=New York, New York |first1=Rachel |last1=Pollack |access-date=October 21, 2012}}</ref>
*1959, [[Commodore Levy Chapel]], the [[Naval Academy Jewish Chapel|Jewish Chapel]] at [[Naval Station Norfolk]], [[Norfolk, Virginia]] is renamed in his honor.
*1988, listed in the Jewish-American Hall of Fame<ref>[http://www.pgdp.net/d/walkthrough/ "Uriah P. Levy"], Jewish-American Hall of Fame, accessed 8 April 2011</ref>
*2001, the Thomas Jefferson Foundation published ''The Levy Family and Monticello 1834–1923'', a history of the Levy family's nearly century-long contributions in saving Monticello.
*2005, the [[Commodore Uriah P. Levy Center and Jewish Chapel]] opened at the [[United States Naval Academy]] in [[Annapolis, Maryland]], which is named in his honor.
*2011 A statue of Uriah P. Levy by the Russian sculptor Gregory Pototsky was dedicated on December 16, 2011, outside [[Congregation Mikveh Israel|Mikveh Israel Synagogue]] on [[Independence Mall (Philadelphia)|Independence Mall]] in [[Philadelphia]].  The statue pedestal was designed by John Giungo.<ref name="Schwartzman">{{cite news |url=http://www.jewishexponent.com/article/24805/Statue_Honors_First_Jewish/ |title=Statue Honors First Jewish Commodore |date=November 22, 2011 |first1=Bryan |last1=Schwartzman |publisher=Jewish Publishing Group |work=[[Jewish Exponent]] |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |access-date=October 21, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712021610/http://www.jewishexponent.com/article/24805/Statue_Honors_First_Jewish |archive-date=July 12, 2012 }}</ref>

==Published works==
*{{cite book |first1=Uriah Phillips |last1=Levy |author-link1=Uriah P. Levy|first2=Benjamin F. |last2=Butler |author-link2=Benjamin Franklin Butler (lawyer) |title=Defence of Uriah P. Levy: Before the court of inquiry held at Washington City, November and December, 1857 |publisher=W.C. Gardner |location=Washington D.C. |year=1858 |url=http://experimental.worldcat.org/kindredworks/Kindred?sn=60727719 |type=ebook |access-date=May 17, 2014}}
*{{cite book |first1=Uriah Phillips |last1=Levy |last2=Stimers |first2=Alban C. |author-link2=Alban C. Stimers |title=Manual of Rules and Regulations for Men-of-war |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2wowAQAAMAAJ |publisher=[[Van Nostrand Reinhold|D. Van Nostrand]] |location=New York |year=1862 |pages=88}} ([[Google eBooks|Google eBook]])

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography|}}
*[[Monticello]]
*[[United States Naval Academy]]

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|group="note"}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin|2|indent=yes}}
*[[American Jewish Year Book]], 1902–3, pp.&nbsp;42–45.
*{{cite web |last1=Brody |first1=Seymour "Sy" |url=http://www.fau.edu/library/brody8.htm |title=Uriah P. Levy: A Naval Hero Who Ended the Practice of Flogging |work=A Judaica Collection Exhibit: Jewish Heroes and Heroines in America from Colonial Times to 1900 |publisher=[[Florida Atlantic University]] Libraries |access-date=October 21, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716185614/http://www.fau.edu/library/brody8.htm |archive-date=July 16, 2012 }}
*{{Cite book|first1=Ira |last1=Dye|date=2006|title=Uriah Levy: Reformer of the Antebellum Navy (New Perspectives on Maritime History and Nautical Archaeology) |publisher=[[University Press of Florida]] |location=Gainesville |isbn=0-8130-3004-8 }}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.amuseum.org/jahf/virtour/page8.html |title=Uriah P. Levy |work=Jewish American Hall of Fame |publisher=Jewish Museum in Cyberspace |access-date=October 21, 2012}}
*{{cite book |first1=Marc |last1=Leepson|url=https://marcleepson.com/savingmonticello/ |title=Saving Monticello: The Levy Family's Epic Quest to Rescue the House That Jefferson Built |publisher=[[Free Press (publisher)|Free Press]], [[University of Virginia Press]] |origyear=2001  |type=paperback |year=2003}}
*{{cite web|url=http://usna.com/WhatsNew/2005/LevyCenter/LevyCenter.htm |title=Commodore Uriah P. Levy Center And Jewish Chapel Dedication |publisher=[[US Naval Academy]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060616082452/http://usna.com/WhatsNew/2005/LevyCenter/LevyCenter.htm |archive-date=June 16, 2006 }}
*{{cite web |url=https://www.fojcusna.org/levy_center_jewish_chapel.html |publisher=Friends of the Jewish Chapel (at the United States Naval Academy) |work=Levy Center & Jewish Chapel |title=Uriah P. Levy Biography |access-date=October 21, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014015045/https://www.fojcusna.org/levy_center_jewish_chapel.html |archive-date=2013-10-14 |url-status=dead }}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.digital.cjh.org/109192 |title=Uriah P. Levy (1792–1862) Collection |publisher=[[American Jewish Historical Society]] |access-date=October 21, 2012}}{{dead link|date=October 2012}}
*{{cite web |url=http://findingaids.cjh.org/?pID=109192 |title=Guide to the Uriah P. Levy (1792–1862) Collection, undated, 1787–1948, 1959, 1961, 1985, 2005 |publisher=[[American Jewish Historical Society]] Center for Jewish History |location=New York, New York |first1=Rachel |last1=Pollack |access-date=October 21, 2012}}
*{{cite web |url=http://monticello.org/site/jefferson/levy-family-and-monticello |title=About Us: The Levy Stewardship of Monticello |publisher=[[Thomas Jefferson Foundation]]|access-date=October 21, 2012}}
*{{Cite book|first1=Melvin |last1=Urofsky |title=The Levy Family and Monticello 1834–1923 |publisher=Thomas Jefferson Foundation |location=Monticello |year=2001 |isbn=1-882886-16-X }}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last1=Cameron |first1=Joshua |title=Commodore Levy: He Changed the Navy |location=Philadelphia |date=1975}}
*{{cite book |title=Navy maverick: Uriah Phillips Levy Donovan |last1=Fitzpatrick |first2=Saul |last2=Saphire |publisher=[[Doubleday & Company]], Inc |location=Garden City, N.Y. |year=1963 |pages=273}}
*Leepson, Marc. ''Saving Monticello: The Levy Family's Epic Quest to Rescue the House that Jefferson Built''. New York: Free Press, 2001. {{ISBN|0-743-20106-X}} {{OCLC|46822427}}
*{{cite book |last1=Sternlicht |first1=Lieutenant Sanford V. |title=Uriah Phillips Levy: The Blue Star Commodore |editor-first=Malcolm H. |editor-last=Stern |location=Norfolk, Virginia |publisher=Norfolk Jewish Community Council |year=1961}}

==External links==
*[http://www.marcleepson.com/savingmonticello ''Saving Monticello'' web site]
*[http://digital.cjh.org/109192 Uriah P. Levy Collection] at the [[American Jewish Historical Society]], New York, New York.
*{{cite web |url=https://www.fojcusna.org/levy_center_jewish_chapel.html |publisher=Friends of the Jewish Chapel (at the United States Naval Academy) |work=Levy Center & Jewish Chapel |title=Uriah P. Levy Biography |access-date=October 21, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014015045/https://www.fojcusna.org/levy_center_jewish_chapel.html |archive-date=2013-10-14 |url-status=dead }}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levy, Uriah}}
[[Category:1792 births]]
[[Category:1862 deaths]]
[[Category:Jewish American military personnel]]
[[Category:American human rights activists]]
[[Category:American people of Portuguese-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Burials at Beth Olom Cemetery]]
[[Category:People from Pennsylvania in the War of 1812]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Philadelphia]]
[[Category:Thomas Jefferson]]
[[Category:United States Navy admirals]]
[[Category:United States Navy commodores]]
[[Category:United States Navy ship names]]
[[Category:Monticello]]
[[Category:19th-century American Sephardic Jews]]
[[Category:American people of Portuguese descent]]
[[Category:19th-century sailors]]
[[Category:19th-century American military personnel]]