2020 Hong Kong pro-democracy primaries

2020 Hong Kong pro-democracy primaries

11–12 July 2020

First party Second party Third party   Leader Wu Chi-wai Alvin Yeung Ray Chan Party Democratic Civic People Power Popular vote 72,394 70,080 26,870 Percentage 12.41% 12.02% 4.61% Lists won 6 4 2   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Gary Poon Raphael Wong Ng Kin-wai and others Party TMCN LSD TSW Connection Popular vote 34,958 33,088 20,249 Percentage 5.99% 5.67% 3.47% Lists won 1 1 1   Seventh party Eighth party Ninth party   Leader Yam Kai-bong and others Claudia Mo Frankie Fung Party Neo Democrats HK First Peninsular Commons Popular vote 14,495 8,801 7,493 Percentage 2.49% 1.51% 1.28% Lists won 1 1 1

The 2020 Hong Kong pro-democracy primaries were held on 11 and 12 July 2020 for selecting the numbers of pro-democracy candidates for the upcoming Legislative Council election to maximise the chance for the pro-democrats to achieve the "35+" majority in the Legislative Council.

With a turnout of more than 600,000, which equals to nearly half of votes received by the pro-democracy camp in the 2016 general election, it was the most-participated primary held in the history of Hong Kong since the 1997 handover, despite the SAR government's threats of the organisers' potential breaching of the newly imposed national security law.

Traditional pro-democrat parties lost grounds to the localist new faces, with an unofficial alliance led by Joshua Wong and Nathan Law of Demosistō which was disbanded and the latter withdrew his candidacy and fled Hong Kong in light of the security law, became the biggest winner in the primaries, with the candidates they endorsed emerged as either top or runner-up candidates in their respective constituencies.

Background

In 2019 amid the historic anti-extradition protests and the pro-democracy landslide in the District Council elections, legal scholar Benny Tai, one of the initiators of the 2014 Occupy protests, suggested the chance of the pro-democrats winning more than half of the seats in the Legislative Council to block the government's bills including the expected legislation of the Article 23 of the Basic Law and pressured the government to implement the five key demands of the protest movement. Learning from the experience of excessive numbers of candidates which split the pro-democratic votes in the 2016 election, he proposed a primary election within the pro-democracy camp which could set limit on the numbers of candidates, avoid wasting votes, and therefore to maximise the chance for the pro-democrats to win more seats.

Mechanism

Candidate must obtain at least 100 registered voter nominations and a deposit HK$10,000 in order to participate in the primaries. The election, organised by Benny Tai and former Legislative Council member Au Nok-hin, coordinated by Power for Democracy, was set to take place from 11–12 July between 9 am and 9 pm. The voting system was designed by the Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute (PORI), which also conducted polls on the recommended candidates. The surveyed results would be used to consolidate the final list of nominated candidates for the official election in September. Voters must bring along proof of residency or electoral register identification, as well as a smartphone to designated polling stations. There they would scan the QR code and fill out their personal details before casting their ballot.

Nominations

A total number of 52 nomination lists were received during the nomination period for all five geographical constituencies, the five-seat District Council (Second) and Health Services functional constituency. Most potential candidates have pledged their willing to coordinate with organisers, except for political party Civic Passion and New Territories East candidate Law Ting-fai who declined to join the primaries.

The Kwai Chung-based small political group Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre (NWSC) who held one seat in the legislature also declared they would not follow the agreement in which the lost candidates in the primaries would not fill their candidacy in the general election. Instead, the NWSC suggested to drop out in the latter stage of the election if the polls suggested the candidate has no chance to win. The NWSC received backlash among the pro-democrats, accusing them for undermining the mechanism of the primaries. The NWSC later withdrew their candidacy altogether and stated that they would not fill their own candidacy in the general election.

Organisers Andrew Chiu, Au Nok-hin and Benny Tai launched the primaries in front of a bus-setting polling station on 11 July.

Number of nominations in each constituency

Constituency	No. of nominations		Target seats
	Primaries	General
Hong Kong Island	8	TBD	4
Kowloon West	9	TBD	4
Kowloon East	6	5	3
New Territories West	8	6	6
New Territories East	12	7	6–7
District Council (Second)	5	4	3–4
Health Services	4	1	1
TOTAL	52	>23	27–29

Security law and legal threats

On 30 June, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) approved the final draft of the national security legislation for Hong Kong. Hours after the legislation, leading members of pro-democracy group Demosistō Joshua Wong, Nathan Law, Agnes Chow and Jeffrey Ng announced their departure from the party. Demosistō members had been repeatedly barred from standing for election with authorities citing their previous stance on "self-determination" for the city, of which Wong and Law were also running in the upcoming primaries as Demosistō members. Subsequently, Demosistō declared that it would disband after the mass resignations on the same day. Few days after, Nathan Law said he had fled Hong Kong in response to the security law. He later dropped out from the primary and endorsed Tiffany Yuen.

Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Erick Tsang warned that the primaries might violate the new Beijing-imposed national security law. Tsang said one the objectives of the primaries was to win a majority of seats in the legislature and subsequently vote against the budget. He added this could contravene clauses in the new law prohibiting secession, subversion and collusion with foreign powers. Benny Tai refuted the claim by saying such advocacy work was in accordance with the principles of the Basic Law. He added that vetoing the budget would not constitute "seriously interfering in, disrupting, or undermining the performance of duties and functions" of the government under Article 22 of the new law because the chief executive has the power to dismiss the legislature and call a by-election.

On 10 July one day before the primaries, the Housing Authority sent out a mass letter saying all District Councillors were barred from using their offices as polling stations or for any purposes other than related to district council activities. It warned that action might be taken against the District Councillors who were found to have violated terms in their rental contracts. A pro-democracy ice cream shop also had to scrap the plan to become a polling station after the property managers warned their participation could violate the tenancy agreement. At night, Hong Kong Police raided the Public Opinion Research Institute (PORI) office in Wong Chuk Hang, accusing the organisation of dishonest use of a computer. Au Nok-hin said the police move was to suppress the weekend voting and cast a "deterrent effect" on organisers and supporters.

Results

Over 590,000 electronic ballots and more than 20,000 paper ballots were recorded throughout the two-day vote, more than 13 per cent of the total number of registered voters and far exceeding the organisers' expected turnout of 170,000. Despite the national security law and legal threats, "Hong Kong people have made history again – another miracle happened in Hong Kong," Benny Tai said. "Hong Kong people – after all these years, since 2003 – have demonstrated to the world, and also to the authorities, that we have not given up to strive for democracy."

Traditional parties lost grounds in most of the direct constituencies to the localist new faces, with Democratic Party incumbent legislator Helena Wong only came seventh in her Kowloon West constituency. Former legislator "Long Hair" Leung Kwok-hung of the League of Social Democrats managed only ninth place in New Territories East for which only the top seven candidates would run in the general election. Joseph Lee Kok-long, incumbent legislator of the Health Services also lost to Winnie Yu of the labour union Hospital Authority Employees Alliance which launched labour strike in the anti-extradition protests. Candidates from numerous small parties were wiped out, including Kalvin Ho from the Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) and Carol Ng from the Labour Party, who lost in their respective constituencies in Kowloon West and New Territories West.

Localist candidates emerged as the new force in the primaries, with an unofficial six-person alliance led by former Demosistō secretary-general Joshua Wong, incumbent legislator Eddie Chu and endorsed by withdrawn candidate Nathan Law, all became either the top or runner-up candidate in their respective constituencies. Wong himself was the top candidate in Kowloon East, while Eddie Chu and former journalist Gwyneth Ho and came first in New Territories West and New Territories East respectively. Tiffany Yuen who was endorsed by Nathan Law and activist Sunny Cheung also came in second in Hong Kong Island and Kowloon West respectively, with activist Lester Shum came in second in the District Council (Second) and Winnie Yu won the Health Services functional constituency.

Geographical Constituencies

Hong Kong Island
List		Candidates	Votes	Of total (%)	± from prev.
	Democratic	Hui Chi-fung, So Yat-hang	27,357	30.85
	Independent	Tiffany Yuen Ka-wai	19,629	22.13
	Independent	Fergus Leung Fong-wai	14,601	16.46
	Civic	Tat Cheng	10,889	12.28
	Chai Wan Startup	Chui Chi-kin	7,800	8.79
	Independent	Clarisse Yeung Suet-ying	5,571	6.28
	Team Pang	Pang Cheuk-kei, Ho Chi-wang, Clara Cheung, Li Wing-choi	2,841	3.20
Total valid votes			88,688	100.00
Rejected ballots
Turnout
Registered electors			705,525

Kowloon West
List		Candidates	Votes	Of total (%)	± from prev.
	LSD	Jimmy Sham Tsz-kit	24,144	31.82
	Independent	Sunny Cheung Kwan-yang	16,320	21.51
	HK First	Claudia Mo	8,801	11.60
	Peninsular Commons	Frankie Fung Tat-chun, Lee Hin-long	7,493	9.88
	ADPL	Kalvin Ho Kai-ming	6,933	9.14
	Independent	Lau Wai-chung	5,967	7.86
	Democratic	Wong Pik-wan	3,765	4.96
	Independent	Lau Chak-fung	1,358	1.79
	Independent	Jeffrey Alterin Andrews	1,090	1.44
Total valid votes			75,871	100.00
Rejected ballots
Turnout
Registered electors			600,864

Kowloon East
List		Candidates	Votes	Of total (%)	± from prev.
	Independent	Joshua Wong Chi-fung	30,047	34.28
	Civic	Jeremy Tam Man-ho	22,061	25.17
	Localist	Li Ka-tat	14,847	16.94
	People Power	Tam Tak-chi	10,304	11.76
	Democratic	Wu Chi-wai	9,432	10.76
	ADPL	Sze Tak-loy	955	1.09
Total valid votes			87,646	100.00
Rejected ballots
Turnout
Registered electors			708,348

New Territories West
List		Candidates	Votes	Of total (%)	± from prev.
	Independent	Eddie Chu Hoi-dick, Eddie Chan Shu-fai, Fung Siu-yin, Wong Pit-man	48,479	28.21
	TMCN	Sam Cheung Ho-sum	34,958	20.34
	Independent	Wong Ji-yuet	22,337	13.00
	TSW Connection	Ng Kin-wai, Lam Chun	20,249	11.78
	Democratic	Andrew Wan Siu-kin	17,828	10.37
	Civic	Kwok Ka-ki	12,827	7.46
	Labour	Carol Ng Man-yee	10,446	6.08
	Neo Democrats	Tam Hoi-pong, Roy Pun Long-chung	4,731	2.75
Total valid votes			171,855	100.00
Rejected ballots
Turnout
Registered electors			1,303,946

New Territories East
List		Candidates	Votes	Of total (%)	± from prev.
	Independent	Gwyneth Ho Kwai-lam	26,256	16.50
	Localist	Ventus Lau, Li Chi-wang, Chiu Chu-pong, Wong Hok-lai, Chan Wan-tung, Ricardo Liao Pak-hong, William Shek, Lo Tak-ming	26,216	16.48
	Civic	Alvin Yeung Ngok-kiu	24,303	15.27
	People Power	Raymond Chan Chi-chuen	16,566	10.41
	Independent	Owen Chow Ka-shing	16,508	10.37
	Democratic	Lam Cheuk-ting, Wong Hoi-ying, Ng Ting-lam, Kwok Long-fung	14,012	8.81
	Neo Democrats	Gary Fan Kwok-wai, Lai Ming-chak	9,764	6.14
	Independent	Hendrick Lui Chi-hang	9,590	6.03
	LSD	Leung Kwok-hung	8,944	5.62
	Independent	Mike Lam	5,239	3.29
	Community Alliance	Ricky Or Yiu-lam	1,436	0.90
	Independent	Lee Chi-yung	286	0.18
Total valid votes			159,120	100.00
Rejected ballots
Turnout
Registered electors			1,136,648

District Council (Second)

District Council (Second)
List		Candidates	Votes	Of total (%)	± from prev.
	Democratic	Kwong Chun-yu	258,575	50.73
	Independent	Lester Shum	124,659	24.46
	Localist	Wong Pak-yu	70,611	13.85
	Democratic	James To Kun-sun	45,596	8.95
	Civic	Lee Yue-shun	10,260	2.01
Total valid votes			509,701	100.00
Rejected ballots
Turnout
Registered electors			4,187,738

Traditional Functional Constituencies

Health Services

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	HAEA	Winnie Yu Wai-ming	2,165	75.81
	Independent	Michael Felix Lau Hoi-man	457	16.00
	Professionals Guild	Joseph Lee Kok-long	186	6.51
	Independent	Yuen Wai-kit	48	1.68
Total valid votes			2,856	100.00
Rejected ballots
Turnout
Registered electors			40,358

Government responses

Chief Executive Carrie Lam issued a strong warning to the candidates and organisers of the primaries, saying it was subversive for them to vow to seize control of the legislature and vote down key government proposals. "If this so-called primary election's purpose is to achieve the ultimate goal of delivering what they called '35+' [lawmakers], with the objective of objecting or resisting every policy initiative of the HKSAR government, it may fall into the category of subverting the state power – one of the four types of offences under the national security law," she said.

A spokesman for Beijing's Liaison Office in Hong Kong condemned the opposition camp for ignoring the Hong Kong government's warning of possible legal breaches and pressing ahead with the primary. "It is a serious provocation to the current election system, seriously damages the fairness and impartiality of the Legislative Council election, and seriously harms to the legal rights and interests of other candidates," the office wrote. It named Benny Tai as a suspect in a possible breach of the national security law by coordinating with the opposition camp to seek control of the legislature, vote down the budget, paralyse the government and subvert the state power. It also accused Tai and the opposition of aiming to take over the city's governance by staging the Hong Kong version of a "colour revolution". The Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office (HKMAO) also accused organiser Benny Tai of "illegally manipulating" the Hong Kong's electoral system, challenging the new national security law and acting as a political agent for foreign forces.

Benny Tai defended that the candidates were not seeking to undermine the performance of duties and functions by the body of power of the central government or of Hong Kong, referring to their agreement that pro-democrats should veto the budget if they were voted into the legislature. "Legco’s power of vetoing the budget is stated in the Basic Law," he said. "How can a power that is recognised by the Basic Law be breaching the national security law?"