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m →‎Arrest and university response: There was a duplicated segment
→‎Statements: the problem with "Turner's statement" is Brock's dad also made a statement that's getting a lot of media attention so we should use the first name. "Victim" is vague and not NPOV
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==Statements==
==Statements==
===Turner's statement===
===Brock's statement===
Even after the guilty verdict, Turner maintained to his parole officer that the encounter was consensual.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/brock-turner-drinking-party-culture_us_5758259be4b0e39a28ac015c |work=[[Huffington Post]] |title=Brock Turner Repeatedly Used Alcohol As An Excuse |first=Tyler |last=Kingkade |date=8 June 2016 |quote=After the guilty verdict, Turner continued to insist to his probation officer that the encounter was consensual. He said the victim had simply slipped behind a wooden shed and then he got down on the ground with her and started kissing and fingering her until he got nauseous and decided to walk away.}}</ref> He also gave an 11-page statement to the judge<ref>{{cite web |url=http://heavy.com/news/2016/06/brock-turner-full-statement-letter-judge-aaron-persky-court-victim-rape-stanford-rapist/ |work=[[Heavy.com]] |title=Brock Turner’s Full Statement to Judge Aaron Persky |date=8 June 2016 |first=Tom |last=Cleary |quote=In his 11-page statement, which you can read in full at the bottom of this article, Turner said he was getting sick because of the amount of alcohol he drank when he was approached by the two students}}</ref> which said that he received verbal consent from the woman.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/315196808/Brock-Turner-Statement |title=Brock Turner Statement |author=CBSNewsPolitics }}</ref>
Even after the guilty verdict, Turner maintained to his parole officer that the encounter was consensual.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/brock-turner-drinking-party-culture_us_5758259be4b0e39a28ac015c |work=[[Huffington Post]] |title=Brock Turner Repeatedly Used Alcohol As An Excuse |first=Tyler |last=Kingkade |date=8 June 2016 |quote=After the guilty verdict, Turner continued to insist to his probation officer that the encounter was consensual. He said the victim had simply slipped behind a wooden shed and then he got down on the ground with her and started kissing and fingering her until he got nauseous and decided to walk away.}}</ref> He also gave an 11-page statement to the judge<ref>{{cite web |url=http://heavy.com/news/2016/06/brock-turner-full-statement-letter-judge-aaron-persky-court-victim-rape-stanford-rapist/ |work=[[Heavy.com]] |title=Brock Turner’s Full Statement to Judge Aaron Persky |date=8 June 2016 |first=Tom |last=Cleary |quote=In his 11-page statement, which you can read in full at the bottom of this article, Turner said he was getting sick because of the amount of alcohol he drank when he was approached by the two students}}</ref> which said that he received verbal consent from the woman.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/315196808/Brock-Turner-Statement |title=Brock Turner Statement |author=CBSNewsPolitics }}</ref>


===Victim's statement===
===Emily Doe's statement===
On June 3, 2016, [[Palo Alto Online]] reporter Elena Kadvany<ref name="Kadvany">{{Cite web|url=http://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2016/06/03/stanford-sex-assault-victim-you-took-away-my-worth|title=Stanford sex-assault victim: 'You took away my worth'|last=Kadvany|first=Elena|website=www.paloaltoonline.com|access-date=June 5, 2016}}</ref> and [[BuzzFeed]] reporter Katie J. M. Baker<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/katiejmbaker/heres-the-powerful-letter-the-stanford-victim-read-to-her-ra|title=Here's The Powerful Letter The Stanford Victim Read To Her Attacker|last=Reporter|first=Katie J. M. Baker BuzzFeed News|website=BuzzFeed|access-date=June 5, 2016}}</ref> published the full 7,138-word victim-impact statement<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/rachelsklar/status/739548480809603072|title=Rachel Sklar on Twitter|website=Twitter|access-date=June 5, 2016}}</ref> from the woman Turner was convicted of sexually assaulting, known as "Emily Doe".<ref name="Kadvany"/> In the statement, she detailed the negative effects the assault had on her life: "You took away my worth, my privacy, my energy, my time, my safety, my intimacy, my confidence, my own voice, until today."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/article/stanford-swimmer-brock-allen-turner-victim-letter|title=Sexual Assault Victim Shares Powerful Letter to Her Attacker After He Was Sentenced to Only 6 Months in Jail|website=PEOPLE.com|access-date=June 5, 2016}}</ref>
On June 3, 2016, [[Palo Alto Online]] reporter Elena Kadvany<ref name="Kadvany">{{Cite web|url=http://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2016/06/03/stanford-sex-assault-victim-you-took-away-my-worth|title=Stanford sex-assault victim: 'You took away my worth'|last=Kadvany|first=Elena|website=www.paloaltoonline.com|access-date=June 5, 2016}}</ref> and [[BuzzFeed]] reporter Katie J. M. Baker<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/katiejmbaker/heres-the-powerful-letter-the-stanford-victim-read-to-her-ra|title=Here's The Powerful Letter The Stanford Victim Read To Her Attacker|last=Reporter|first=Katie J. M. Baker BuzzFeed News|website=BuzzFeed|access-date=June 5, 2016}}</ref> published the full 7,138-word victim-impact statement<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/rachelsklar/status/739548480809603072|title=Rachel Sklar on Twitter|website=Twitter|access-date=June 5, 2016}}</ref> from the woman Turner was convicted of sexually assaulting, known as "Emily Doe".<ref name="Kadvany"/> In the statement, she detailed the negative effects the assault had on her life: "You took away my worth, my privacy, my energy, my time, my safety, my intimacy, my confidence, my own voice, until today."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.people.com/article/stanford-swimmer-brock-allen-turner-victim-letter|title=Sexual Assault Victim Shares Powerful Letter to Her Attacker After He Was Sentenced to Only 6 Months in Jail|website=PEOPLE.com|access-date=June 5, 2016}}</ref>


Revision as of 05:43, 10 June 2016

Brock Turner
Born
Brock Allen Turner

(1995-08-01) August 1, 1995 (age 29)[2]
Oakwood, Ohio, U.S.
Occupation(s)Former college student, swimmer
Conviction(s)Assault with intent to rape an intoxicated woman, sexually penetrating an intoxicated person with a foreign object and sexually penetrating an unconscious person with a foreign object
Criminal penalty6 months imprisonment; 3 years probation; registration as a sex offender

Brock Allen Turner (born August 1, 1995) is an American former student athlete convicted of sexual assault. His sentencing for a January 2015 sexual assault led to international attention and sparked debate on topics including gender equality and social equality in the United States.[3]

During the sexual assault on January 18, 2015, he was apprehended by two bystanders atop an unconscious 22-year-old woman behind a dumpster on the Stanford campus.[4][5]

In March 2016, Turner was convicted of three charges of felony sexual assault, for which he was sentenced to six months of jail and three years of probation by Judge Aaron Persky in June 2016. The two formal charges of rape under California state law had already been dropped at the preliminary hearing,[6][7] but Turner was convicted of three other counts of felony sexual assault, which he committed when he was 19.[8][9] Turner's six-month sentencing and the victim's impact statement requesting a longer sentence made national and international news. The case led to a campaign for the recall of Judge Persky.

Personal background

Turner is a 2014 graduate of Oakwood High School in Oakwood, located near Dayton, Ohio, where he was a three-time All-American swimmer.[10][11] At the time of his arrest, Turner was a student at Stanford University, where he was a member of the university's swim team.[4][5]

Arrest and university response

Turner was arrested on January 18, 2015, after two Swedish graduate students, Carl-Fredrik Arndt and Peter Jonsson, found him thrusting on top of an unconscious drunken woman outside Kappa Alpha fraternity at approximately 1 a.m.[12][4]

One of the graduate students testified that he asked Turner, "What the fuck are you doing? She's unconscious." Turner then ran away, but Jonsson chased him, tripped him, and while holding him down, asked him, "What are you smiling for?" Turner was later arrested.[5]

On January 20, 2015, Stanford announced Turner was not permitted to return to campus.[13] Turner later voluntarily withdrew from Stanford.[13] While Turner originally had aspirations to swim for the US National Team in the 2016 Olympics, USA Swimming responded that he would never be eligible for membership.[14][15]

Sentencing and controversy

File:Brock Turner.jpeg
File:Brock Turner Sentencing Photograph.jpeg
Turner during his initial booking (left) and during his trial in June 2016.

On March 30, 2016, Turner was found guilty of three felonies: assault with intent to rape an intoxicated woman, sexually penetrating an intoxicated person with a foreign object and sexually penetrating an unconscious person with a foreign object.[7] The two formal charges of rape under California state law had already been dropped at the preliminary hearing.[7]

On June 2, 2016, Santa Clara County Superior Court Judge Aaron Persky sentenced Turner to six months in county jail[16] followed by three years of formal probation.[17] With good behavior, Turner may have to serve only three months of his sentence.[18]

However, he must register as a sex offender for the rest of his life[19] and participate in a sex offender rehabilitation program.[12]

Prosecutors recommended that Turner be given a six-year prison sentence. In their sentencing brief, they argued several factors merited a more severe sentence:

He purposefully took her to an isolated area, away from all of the party goers, to an area that was dimly lit, and assaulted her on the ground behind a dumpster. He deliberately took advantage of the fact that she was so intoxicated that she could not form a sentence, let alone keep her eyes open or stand. This behavior is not typical assaultive behavior that you find on campus, but it is more akin to a predator who is searching for prey.[20]

However, Judge Persky concluded that a lengthy prison sentence would "have a severe impact" on Turner. Turner's father protested the sentence that the prosecution wanted, saying it was a "steep price to pay for 20 minutes of action."[21] Prosecutors and victims' rights advocates have decried what they see as light sentencing.[22] Santa Clara County District Attorney Jeffrey F. Rosen criticized the letter from Turner's father to the court, saying it reduced a brutal sexual assault to "20 minutes of action."[23]

Judge Aaron Persky now faces a campaign to recall him. Judge Persky was also a student and athlete at Stanford University.[24] The move to recall Persky was opposed by the Santa Clara County public defender, who said she is "alarmed by the hysteria" about the Turner sentence, and by Santa Clara County district attorney Jeff Rosen (whose office prosecuted Turner). Rosen stated: "While I strongly disagree with the sentence that Judge Persky issued in the Brock Turner case, I do not believe he should be removed from his judgeship."[25] Nancy Brewer, a retired assistant public defender with Santa Clara County, said that Persky is "respected by both prosecutors and defenders...is seen as a fair judge who is not soft on crime or someone who gives lenient sentences" and said that he "carefully evaluated the evidence and did what he thought was a fair and appropriate sentence in the case". Brewer noted that the sentencing was based on the Santa Clara County Probation Department's pre-sentence investigation report, which recommended only a year in county jail and probation. Danny Cevallos, a Pennsylvania based criminal defence lawyer and CNN legal analyst, said the judge "absolutely is obliged to consider very seriously the [probation department] report", and while he believed the sentence was lenient, he said that Turner's prior clean record made him a candidate for minimum sentencing. [26]

Drugs and alcohol

At the time of the assault, Turner had a alcohol blood level content of 0.17%.[27] Brock Turner has cited his inexperience with alcohol as a factor in his judgement the night of January 18, 2015. However, it has been reported that Turner was not truthful, with evidence from his phone indicating a years-long pattern of recreational drug and alcohol use. Turner frequently smoked cannabis and hash oil, and was found to have texted friends about wanting to experiment with MDMA and cocaine[28]

Statements

Brock's statement

Even after the guilty verdict, Turner maintained to his parole officer that the encounter was consensual.[29] He also gave an 11-page statement to the judge[30] which said that he received verbal consent from the woman.[31]

Emily Doe's statement

On June 3, 2016, Palo Alto Online reporter Elena Kadvany[32] and BuzzFeed reporter Katie J. M. Baker[33] published the full 7,138-word victim-impact statement[34] from the woman Turner was convicted of sexually assaulting, known as "Emily Doe".[32] In the statement, she detailed the negative effects the assault had on her life: "You took away my worth, my privacy, my energy, my time, my safety, my intimacy, my confidence, my own voice, until today."[35]

The statement also detailed the experience Ms. Doe had being treated at the hospital for sexual assault: "I had multiple swabs inserted into my vagina and anus, needles for shots, pills, had a Nikon pointed right into my spread legs. I had long, pointed beaks inside me and had my vagina smeared with cold, blue paint to check for abrasions."[36]

The statement also detailed the effect the assault had on Ms. Doe's ability to remain in her full-time job, which she left after the assault "because continuing day to day was not possible."[36]

The statement articulated that "social class" should not be factored into the sentence handed down: "The fact that Brock was a star athlete at a prestigious university should not be seen as an entitlement to leniency, but as an opportunity to send a strong cultural message that sexual assault is against the law regardless of social class."[36]

The statement was subsequently formally released by Santa Clara County[37] and was picked up by national and international media including the Washington Post,[36] CBS News,[38] Los Angeles Times,[39] TIME,[40] San Jose Mercury News,[41] Cosmopolitan[42] and the UK's Daily Mail[43] and The Guardian.[44] On Twitter the statement went viral, with Ms. Doe's opening line, "You don’t know me, but you’ve been inside me, and that’s why we’re here today" tweeted hundreds of times,[45] including by MTV News reporter Jamil Smith,[46] MSNBC anchor Chris Hayes,[47] author Jessica Valenti,[48] Canadian journalist Sarah Boesveld[49] and Vox.com reporter Elizabeth Plank.[50]

Prosecutor's statement

Santa Clara County District Attorney Jeffrey F. Rosen released a statement expressing that "The punishment does not fit the crime." Rosen described Turner as a "predatory offender" and stated he "has failed to take responsibility, failed to show remorse and failed to tell the truth." Rosen also stated, "Campus rape is no different than off-campus rape. Rape is rape. And I will prosecute it as such."[22]

Family and friends' statements

On June 4, Michele Dauber, a professor and sociologist at the Stanford Law School, posted a letter written by Dan Turner, Brock's father, asking for leniency for his son, arguing that punishment was a "steep price to pay for 20 minutes of action out of his 20 plus years of life."[51][52][3] The letter sparked outrage and was cited as an example of the prevalence of rape culture.[23][22][53][54]

Dauber also circulated, again via Twitter, a letter written by Leslie Rasmussen, a female childhood friend of Turner, that defended Turner and blamed alcohol consumption and universities for advertising themselves as "party schools".[55] The letter was met with further criticism.[56][57] Rasmussen and her sisters comprise the Oakwood indie band, Good English. Wider publication of her letter, in which she also said Brock came from "a respectable family," led to cancellations of the band’s engagements at a local festival and clubs as far away as New York.[58]

Writing to the court and recommending against prison, Oakwood Judge Margaret M. Quinn, a retired federal prosecutor, also blamed the assault on alcohol, minimizing Turner's culpability. "He made a mistake in drinking excessively to the point where he could not fully appreciate that his female acquaintance was so intoxicated. I know Brock did not go to that party intending to hurt, or entice, or overpower anyone."[59][60]

Police report

The Stanford University Department of Public Safety provided the initial response and investigation. The Superior Court of California filed the initial complaint.[61]

References

  1. ^ Evans, Dayna (June 6, 2016). "Brock Turner Mug Shot Finally Released". New York magazine. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  2. ^ The People of the State of California, Plaintiff vs. Brock Allen Turner, Defendant (Superior Court of California January 28, 2015), Text.
  3. ^ a b Paquette, Danielle (June 7, 2016). "What makes the Stanford sex offender Brock Turner's six month jail sentence so unusual". The Independent. Retrieved June 7, 2016. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  4. ^ a b c "Felony Complaint Case Summary, Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara" (PDF). Retrieved June 6, 2016.
  5. ^ a b c Herhold, Scott (March 21, 2016). "Herhold: Thanking two Stanford students who subdued campus sex assault suspect". San José Mercury News. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
  6. ^ Aydin, Rebecca (October 6, 2015). "Brock Turner, accused of rape last winter, undergoes preliminary hearing". Stanford Daily. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
  7. ^ a b c Michael E. Miller (March 31, 2016). "All-American swimmer found guilty of sexually assaulting unconscious woman on Stanford campus". Washington Post. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
  8. ^ Fimrite, Peter (June 3, 2016). "Ex-Stanford swimmer to serve 6 months in unconscious woman's rape". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  9. ^ Xu, Victor. "Brock Turner sentenced to six months in county jail, three years probation". Stanford Daily. Retrieved June 4, 2016. Turner was arrested Jan. 18, 2015, after two graduate students found him on top of an unconscious woman outside Kappa Alpha fraternity at approximately 1 a.m.
  10. ^ "Brock A Turner - CollegeSwimming". www.collegeswimming.com. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  11. ^ "Oakwood ex-Stanford student convicted in sex case |". www.whio.com. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  12. ^ a b Xu, Victor. "Brock Turner sentenced to six months in county jail, three years probation". Stanford Daily. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  13. ^ a b "Stanford Freshman Brock Turner Arrested After Sexual Assault Allegations". SwimSwam. January 30, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  14. ^ Keith, Braden. "BROCK TURNER 'WOULD NOT BE ELIGIBLE' FOR USA SWIMMING MEMBERSHIP". SwimSwam. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
  15. ^ Auerbach, Nicole. "Former Stanford swimmer won't be eligible for USA Swimming events". USA Today. Retrieved June 8, 2016.
  16. ^ Fimrite, Peter (June 3, 2016). "Ex-Stanford swimmer to serve 6 months in unconscious woman's rape". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  17. ^ Levin, Sam (June 2, 2016). "Ex-Stanford swimmer gets six months in jail and probation for sexual assault". the Guardian. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  18. ^ "Ex-Stanford swimmer gets six months in jail". ESPN.com. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  19. ^ "Brock Turner sentenced to six months amid calls for tougher penalty". ESPN. June 5, 2016. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
  20. ^ Rosen, Jeff (June 3, 2016). "Campus rape is no different than off-campus rape. Rape is rape. We will prosecute it the same". District Attorney Jeffrey Rosen.
  21. ^ Father of student convicted of rape: Steep price for '20 minutes of action' USA Today, June 6, 2016.
  22. ^ a b c Stack, Liam (June 6, 2016). "Light Sentence for Brock Turner in Stanford Rape Case Draws Outrage". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
  23. ^ a b Miller, Michael E. (June 6, 2016). "'A steep price to pay for 20 minutes of action': Dad defends Stanford sex offender". Washington Post. Retrieved June 6, 2016. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  24. ^ Levin, Sam (June 6, 2016). "Judge in Stanford sexual assault case faces recall effort over light sentence". The Guardian. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
  25. ^ Liam Stack, Judge Aaron Persky Under Fire for Sentencing in Stanford Rape Case, New York Times (June 7, 2016).
  26. ^ [1]
  27. ^ Tracey Kaplan (March 22, 2016). "Expert witness falters in sex assault trial of former Stanford swimmer". The Mercury News. Retrieved June 9, 2016. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  28. ^ Kaplan, Tracey (June 7, 2016). "Stanford Sex Offender Brock Turner's Court File Shows He Lied About Drug Use". The Mercury News. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
  29. ^ Kingkade, Tyler (June 8, 2016). "Brock Turner Repeatedly Used Alcohol As An Excuse". Huffington Post. After the guilty verdict, Turner continued to insist to his probation officer that the encounter was consensual. He said the victim had simply slipped behind a wooden shed and then he got down on the ground with her and started kissing and fingering her until he got nauseous and decided to walk away.
  30. ^ Cleary, Tom (June 8, 2016). "Brock Turner's Full Statement to Judge Aaron Persky". Heavy.com. In his 11-page statement, which you can read in full at the bottom of this article, Turner said he was getting sick because of the amount of alcohol he drank when he was approached by the two students
  31. ^ CBSNewsPolitics. "Brock Turner Statement".
  32. ^ a b Kadvany, Elena. "Stanford sex-assault victim: 'You took away my worth'". www.paloaltoonline.com. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  33. ^ Reporter, Katie J. M. Baker BuzzFeed News. "Here's The Powerful Letter The Stanford Victim Read To Her Attacker". BuzzFeed. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  34. ^ "Rachel Sklar on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  35. ^ "Sexual Assault Victim Shares Powerful Letter to Her Attacker After He Was Sentenced to Only 6 Months in Jail". PEOPLE.com. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  36. ^ a b c d "'You took away my worth': A rape victim delivers 'powerful' message to a former Stanford swimmer". Washington Post. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  37. ^ "B-Turner VIS.pdf" (PDF). sccgov.org. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  38. ^ "Sex assault victim to ex-Stanford swimmer: "Assault is not an accident"". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  39. ^ Times, Los Angeles. "Prosecutors release moving 12-page statement from woman raped by former Stanford swimmer". latimes.com. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  40. ^ "Read the Powerful Letter a Sexual Assault Victim Wrote to Her Attacker". Motto. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  41. ^ "Brock Turner sexual assault case: Stanford victim's letter to attacker, judge". www.mercurynews.com. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  42. ^ "Woman Raped by Stanford Swimming Star Reads Powerful Letter Aloud to Her Attacker". Cosmopolitan. June 5, 2016. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  43. ^ "Woman raped by Stanford University swimmer confronts attacker". Mail Online. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  44. ^ "Stanford sexual assault case: victim impact statement in full". The Guardian. June 6, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
  45. ^ "You don't know me, but you've been inside me, and that's why we're here today - Twitter Search". twitter.com. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  46. ^ "Jamil Smith on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  47. ^ "Christopher Hayes on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  48. ^ "Jessica Valenti on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  49. ^ "Sarah Boesveld on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  50. ^ "Elizabeth Plank on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
  51. ^ Dauber, Michele. "Brock Turner's father: son not violent, got only 20 minutes of action". Twitter.
  52. ^ Reich, J. E. (June 4, 2016). "Father of Stanford Rapist Argues His Son Should Not Be Punished for '20 Minutes of Action'". Jezebel. Retrieved June 6, 2016. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  53. ^ Hunt, Elle (June 5, 2016). "'20 minutes of action': father defends Stanford student son convicted of sexual assault". The Guardian. Retrieved June 6, 2016. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  54. ^ Cauterucci, Christina (June 5, 2016). "Brock Turner's Father Sums Up Rape Culture in One Brief Statement". Slate Magazine. Retrieved June 6, 2016. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  55. ^ Dauber, Michele (June 6, 2016). "Brock Turner court probation report is fetid pond of victim-blaming rapeyness". Twitter. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
  56. ^ Zielinski, Alex (June 6, 2016). "Friend Of Stanford Rapist Blamed Victim, Urged Judge Not To Be 'Politically Correct'". Think Progress. Retrieved June 6, 2016. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  57. ^ Jackson, Abby (June 6, 2016). "Childhood friend of the ex-Stanford swimmer who sexually assaulted an unconscious woman blames political correctness". Business Insider. Retrieved June 6, 2016. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  58. ^ Amid backlash against sex assault sentence, reactions, Brock Turner friends remain supportive, Dayton Daily News, Will Garbe, Grant Pepper, June 7, 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
  59. ^ HomeCrime and CourtsStory Stanford sex offender Brock Turner's court file shows he lied about drug use, Mercury News, Tracey Kaplan, June 7, 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
  60. ^ Quinn wins race for Oakwood judge, Dayton Daily News, Steve Bennish, Mark Gokavi and Richard Wilson, November 5, 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
  61. ^ Superior Court California, Palo Alto, ______. (June 6, 2016). "'BROCK ALLEN TURNER v. STATE OF CALIFORNIA" (PDF). SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA. Retrieved February 2, 2015. {{cite web}}: |first= has numeric name (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
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