User contributions for 2402:3A80:19F8:4D34:0:0:0:2

17 March 2023

• 07:3307:33, 17 March 2023 diff hist +52‎ Local area network ‎ →‎See also: LAN messenger LAN party Network interface controller Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:3307:33, 17 March 2023 diff hist +1,299‎ Local area network ‎ →‎Technical aspects: Network topology describes the layout of interconnections between devices and network segments. At the data link layer and physical layer, a wide variety of LAN topologies have been used, including ring, bus, mesh and star. Simple LANs generally consist of cabling and one or more switches. A switch can be connected to a router, cable modem, or ADSL modem for Internet access. A LAN can include a wide variety of other network devices such as firewalls, load balancers, an... Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:3207:32, 17 March 2023 diff hist +377‎ Local area network ‎ →‎Wireless media: In a wireless LAN, users have unrestricted movement within the coverage area. Wireless networks have become popular in residences and small businesses, because of their ease of installation. Most wireless LANs use Wi-Fi as wireless adapters are typically integrated into smartphones, tablet computers and laptops. Guests are often offered Internet access via a hotspot service. Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:3207:32, 17 March 2023 diff hist +832‎ Local area network ‎ →‎Cabling: In 1979,[9] the Electronic voting systems for the European Parliament was using 10 kilometers of simple unshielded twisted pair category 3 cable—the same cable used for telephone systems—installed inside the benches of the European Parliament Hemicycles in Strasbourg and Luxembourg.[18] Early Ethernet (10BASE-5 and 10BASE-2) used coaxial cable. Shielded twisted pair was used in IBM's Token Ring LAN implementation. In 1984, StarLAN showed the potential of simple unshielded twiste... Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:3107:31, 17 March 2023 diff hist +3,559‎ Local area network ‎ →‎History: The increasing demand and usage of computers in universities and research labs in the late 1960s generated the need to provide high-speed interconnections between computer systems. A 1970 report from the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory detailing the growth of their "Octopus" network gave a good indication of the situation.[2][3] A number of experimental and early commercial LAN technologies were developed in the 1970s. Ethernet was developed at Xerox PARC between 1973 and 1974.[4]... Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:3107:31, 17 March 2023 diff hist +566‎ Local area network ‎ A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building.[1] By contrast, a wide area network (WAN) not only covers a larger geographic distance, but also generally involves leased telecommunication circuits. A conceptual diagram of a local area network using bus network topology. Ethernet and Wi-Fi are the two most common technologies in use for local area networks. Hist... Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:2907:29, 17 March 2023 diff hist +193‎ Wide area network ‎ →‎External links: Cisco - Introduction to WAN Technologies "What is WAN (wide area network)? - Definition from WhatIs.com", SearchEnterpriseWAN, retrieved 2017-04-21 What is a software-defined wide area network? Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:2807:28, 17 March 2023 diff hist +1,520‎ Wide area network ‎ →‎References: "A WAN Is a Wide Area Network. Here's How They Work". Lifewire. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2017-04-21. Groth, David and Skandler, Toby (2005). Network+ Study Guide, Fourth Edition. Sybex, Inc. ISBN 0-7821-4406-3. Forouzan, Behrouz (2012-02-17). Data Communications and Networking. McGraw-Hill. p. 14. ISBN 9780073376226. Zhang, Yan; Ansari, Nirwan; Wu, Mingquan; Yu, Heather (2011-10-13). "On Wide Area Network Optimization". IEEE Communications Surveys... Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:2807:28, 17 March 2023 diff hist +134‎ Wide area network ‎ →‎See also: Cell relay Internet area network (IAN) Label switching Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) Wide area application services Wireless WAN Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:2807:28, 17 March 2023 diff hist +1,363‎ Wide area network ‎ →‎Connection technology: Many technologies are available for wide area network links. Examples include circuit-switched telephone lines, radio wave transmission, and optical fiber. New developments have successively increased transmission rates. In ca. 1960, a 110 bit/s line was normal on the edge of the WAN, while core links of 56 or 64 kbit/s were considered fast. Today, households are connected to the Internet with dial-up, asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable, WiMAX, cellula... Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:2707:27, 17 March 2023 diff hist +1,248‎ Wide area network ‎ →‎Private networks: Of the approximately four billion addresses defined in IPv4, about 18 million addresses in three ranges are reserved for use in private networks. Packets addressed in these ranges are not routable on the public Internet; they are ignored by all public routers. Therefore, private hosts cannot directly communicate with public networks, but require network address translation at a routing gateway for this purpose. Reserved private IPv4 network ranges[5] Name CIDR block Add... Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:2707:27, 17 March 2023 diff hist +1,850‎ Wide area network ‎ →‎Design options: The textbook definition of a WAN is a computer network spanning regions, countries, or even the world.[3][4] However, in terms of the application of communication protocols and concepts, it may be best to view WANs as computer networking technologies used to transmit data over long distances, and between different networks. This distinction stems from the fact that common local area network (LAN) technologies operating at lower layers of the OSI model (such as the forms of... Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:2607:26, 17 March 2023 diff hist +804‎ Wide area network ‎ A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographic area. Wide area networks are often established with leased telecommunication circuits.[1] A local area network (LAN) with connection to a wide area network (WAN) Businesses, as well as schools and government entities, use wide area networks to relay data to staff, students, clients, buyers and suppliers from various locations around the world. In essence, this mode of telecommunication allows a bu... Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:2107:21, 17 March 2023 diff hist +733‎ Restriction enzyme ‎ →‎External links: External links Edit DNA Restriction Enzymes at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Firman K (2007-11-24). "Type I Restriction-Modification". University of Portsmouth. Archived from the original on 2008-07-06. Retrieved 2008-06-06. Goodsell DS (2000-08-01). "Restriction Enzymes". Molecule of the Month. RCSB Protein Data Bank. Archived from the original on 2008-05-31. Retrieved 2008-06-06. Simmer M, Secko D (2003-08-01). "Restriction Endonucl... Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:2007:20, 17 March 2023 diff hist +258‎ Restriction enzyme ‎ →‎See also: BglII – a restriction enzyme EcoRI – a restriction enzyme HindIII – a restriction enzyme Homing endonuclease List of homing endonuclease cutting sites List of restriction enzyme cutting sites Molecular-weight size marker REBASE (database) Star activity Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:1907:19, 17 March 2023 diff hist +862‎ Restriction enzyme ‎ →‎References: PMC 2483505. PMID 18396111. Roberts RJ (January 1980). "Restriction and modification enzymes and their recognition sequences". Nucleic Acids Research. 8 (1): r63–r80. doi:10.1093/nar/8.1.197-d. PMC 327257. PMID 6243774. Roberts RJ (1988). "Restriction enzymes and their isoschizomers". Nucleic Acids Research. 16 Suppl (Suppl): r271-313. doi:10.1093/nar/16.suppl.r271. PMC 340913. PMID 2835753. Krieger M, Scott MP, Matsudaira PT, Lodish HF, Darnell JE, Zipursky L, Kaiser C, Be... Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:1807:18, 17 March 2023 diff hist +660‎ Restriction enzyme ‎ →‎Examples: es achromogenes 5'GAGCTC 3'CTCGAG 5'---GAGCT C---3' 3'---C TCGAG---5' SalI[78] Streptomyces albus 5'GTCGAC 3'CAGCTG 5'---G TCGAC---3' 3'---CAGCT G---5' ScaI*[78] Streptomyces caespitosus 5'AGTACT 3'TCATGA 5'---AGT ACT---3' 3'---TCA TGA---5' SpeI Sphaerotilus natans 5'ACTAGT 3'TGATCA 5'---A CTAGT---3' 3'---TGATC A---5' SphI[78] Streptomyces phaeochromogenes 5'GCATGC 3'CGTACG 5'---GCATG C---3' 3'---C GTACG---5' StuI*[79][80] Streptomyces tubercidicus 5'AGGCCT 3'TCC... Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:1707:17, 17 March 2023 diff hist +4,028‎ Restriction enzyme ‎ →‎Applications: Isolated restriction enzymes are used to manipulate DNA for different scientific applications. They are used to assist insertion of genes into plasmid vectors during gene cloning and protein production experiments. For optimal use, plasmids that are commonly used for gene cloning are modified to include a short polylinker sequence (called the multiple cloning site, or MCS) rich in restriction enzyme recognition sequences. This allows flexibility when inserting gene fragment... Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:1607:16, 17 March 2023 diff hist +556‎ Restriction enzyme ‎ →‎Nomenclature: Abbreviation Meaning Description E Escherichia genus co coli specific species R RY13 strain I First identified order of identification in the bacterium Since their discovery in the 1970s, many restriction enzymes have been identified; for example, more than 3500 different Type II restriction enzymes have been characterized.[60] Each enzyme is named after the bacterium from which it was isolated, using a naming system based on bacterial genus, species and strain.[61][62] For... Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:1507:15, 17 March 2023 diff hist +1,622‎ Restriction enzyme ‎ →‎Artificial restriction enzymes: Artificial restriction enzymes can be generated by fusing a natural or engineered DNA-binding domain to a nuclease domain (often the cleavage domain of the type IIS restriction enzyme FokI).[48] Such artificial restriction enzymes can target large DNA sites (up to 36 bp) and can be engineered to bind to desired DNA sequences.[49] Zinc finger nucleases are the most commonly used artificial restriction enzymes and are generally used in genetic engineering app... Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:1507:15, 17 March 2023 diff hist +125‎ Restriction enzyme ‎ →‎Type IV: Type IV enzymes recognize modified, typically methylated DNA and are exemplified by the McrBC and Mrr systems of E. coli.[35] Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:1407:14, 17 March 2023 diff hist +1,649‎ Restriction enzyme ‎ →‎Type III: Type III restriction enzymes (e.g., EcoP15) recognize two separate non-palindromic sequences that are inversely oriented. They cut DNA about 20–30 base pairs after the recognition site.[43] These enzymes contain more than one subunit and require AdoMet and ATP cofactors for their roles in DNA methylation and restriction digestion, respectively.[44] They are components of prokaryotic DNA restriction-modification mechanisms that protect the organism against invading foreign DNA. T... Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:1407:14, 17 March 2023 diff hist +2,953‎ Restriction enzyme ‎ →‎Type II: Type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease-like 1QPS.png Structure of the homodimeric restriction enzyme EcoRI (cyan and green cartoon diagram) bound to double stranded DNA (brown tubes).[39] Two catalytic magnesium ions (one from each monomer) are shown as magenta spheres and are adjacent to the cleaved sites in the DNA made by the enzyme (depicted as gaps in the DNA backbone). Identifiers Symbol Restrct_endonuc-II-like Pfam clan CL0236 InterPro IPR011335 SCOP2 1wte / SCOPe / SUPFA... Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:1307:13, 17 March 2023 diff hist +1,326‎ Restriction enzyme ‎ →‎Type l: Type I restriction enzymes were the first to be identified and were first identified in two different strains (K-12 and B) of E. coli.[38] These enzymes cut at a site that differs, and is a random distance (at least 1000 bp) away, from their recognition site. Cleavage at these random sites follows a process of DNA translocation, which shows that these enzymes are also molecular motors. The recognition site is asymmetrical and is composed of two specific portions—one containing 3–4... Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:1307:13, 17 March 2023 diff hist +1,326‎ Restriction enzyme ‎No edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:1207:12, 17 March 2023 diff hist +1,576‎ Restriction enzyme ‎ →‎Types: Naturally occurring restriction endonucleases are categorized into five groups (Types I, II, III, IV, and V) based on their composition and enzyme cofactor requirements, the nature of their target sequence, and the position of their DNA cleavage site relative to the target sequence.[32][33][34] DNA sequence analysis of restriction enzymes however show great variations, indicating that there are more than four types.[35] All types of enzymes recognize specific short DNA sequences an... Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:1107:11, 17 March 2023 diff hist +2,026‎ Restriction enzyme ‎ →‎Recognition site: A palindromic recognition site reads the same on the reverse strand as it does on the forward strand when both are read in the same orientation Restriction enzymes recognize a specific sequence of nucleotides[2] and produce a double-stranded cut in the DNA. The recognition sequences can also be classified by the number of bases in its recognition site, usually between 4 and 8 bases, and the number of bases in the sequence will determine how often the site will appear by... Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:1107:11, 17 March 2023 diff hist +230‎ Restriction enzyme ‎ →‎Origins: Restriction enzymes likely evolved from a common ancestor and became widespread via horizontal gene transfer.[25][26] In addition, there is mounting evidence that restriction endonucleases evolved as a selfish genetic element.[27] Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:1007:10, 17 March 2023 diff hist +2,413‎ Restriction enzyme ‎ →‎History: The term restriction enzyme originated from the studies of phage λ, a virus that infects bacteria, and the phenomenon of host-controlled restriction and modification of such bacterial phage or bacteriophage.[12] The phenomenon was first identified in work done in the laboratories of Salvador Luria, Jean Weigle and Giuseppe Bertani in the early 1950s.[13][14] It was found that, for a bacteriophage λ that can grow well in one strain of Escherichia coli, for example E. coli C, when... Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
• 07:1007:10, 17 March 2023 diff hist +1,077‎ Restriction enzyme ‎ structure and whether they cut their DNA substrate at their recognition site, or if the recognition and cleavage sites are separate from one another. To cut DNA, all restriction enzymes make two incisions, once through each sugar-phosphate backbone (i.e. each strand) of the DNA double helix. These enzymes are found in bacteria and archaea and provide a defense mechanism against invading viruses.[4][5] Inside a prokaryote, the restriction enzymes selectively cut up foreign DNA in a process ca... Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit