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'@@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ {{italics title}} {{Constitutions of Poland}} -'''''Nihil novi nisi commune consensu''''' ("Nothing new without the [[Consent of the governed|common consent]]") is the original [[Latin]] title of a [[1505]] [[Statute|act]] or [[constitution]] adopted by the [[Poland|Polish]] ''[[Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland|Sejm]]'' ([[parliament]]), meeting in the royal castle at [[Radom]] ({{ill|sejm of Radom (1505)|pl|sejm radomski 1505}}). +'''''Nihil novi nisi commune consensu''''' ("Nothing new without the [[Consent of the governed|common consent]]") is the original [[Latin]] title of a [[1505]] [[Statute|act]] or [[constitution]] adopted by the [[Poland|Polish]] ''[[Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland|Sejm]]'' ([[parliament]]), meeting in the royal castle at [[Radom]]. + +== Etymology == +The [[Latin]] expression, "''nihil novi''" ("nothing new"), had previously appeared in the [[Vulgate Bible]] phrase, "''nihil novi sub sole''" ("there is nothing new under the sun"), in ''[[Ecclesiastes]]'' 1:9.<ref>''[[King James Version]]'': "The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that which is done is that which shall be done: and there is no new thing under the sun." ''[[New International Version]]'': "What has been will be again, what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the sun."</ref> + +"''Nihil novi''" in this [[politics|political]] sense, is interpreted in the [[vernacular]] as "[[Nothing about us without us]]" (in [[Polish language|Polish]], "''Nic o nas bez nas''"). ==History== [[Image:POL Radom castle Nihil novi.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Plaque at [[Radom]] Castle, commemorating 500th anniversary of adoption there, in 1505, of Act of ''Nihil novi'']] -''Nihil novi'' effectively established "[[Golden Liberty|nobles' democracy]]" in what came to be known as the Polish "[[Commonwealth]] [or [[Republic]]] of the Nobility". It was a major component of the evolution and eventual dominant position of the Polish parliament ([[Sejm]]).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wagner|first=W.J.|title=May 3, 1791, and the Polish constitutional tradition|journal=The Polish Review|date=1992|volume=36|issue=4|pages=383–395|jstor=25778591}}</ref> - -"''Nihil novi''", in this [[politics|political]] sense, is interpreted in the [[vernacular]] as "[[Nothing about us without us]]" (in [[Polish language|Polish]], "''Nic o nas bez nas''"). - -The Latin expression, "''nihil novi''" ("nothing new"), had previously appeared in the [[Vulgate Bible]] phrase, "''nihil novi sub sole''" ("there is nothing new under the sun"), in ''[[Ecclesiastes]]'' 1:9.<ref>''[[King James Version]]'': "The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that which is done is that which shall be done: and there is no new thing under the sun." ''[[New International Version]]'': "What has been will be again, what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the sun."</ref> +''Nihil novi'' effectively established "[[Golden Liberty|nobles' democracy]]" in what came to be known as the Polish "[[Commonwealth]] [or [[Republic]]] of the Nobility". It was a major component of the evolution and eventual dominant position of the Polish parliament ([[Sejm]]).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wagner|first=W.J.|title=May 3, 1791, and the Polish constitutional tradition|journal=The Polish Review|date=1992|volume=36|issue=4|pages=383–395|jstor=25778591}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Choińska-Mika |first=Joanna |date=2013 |title=Obywatele u władzy: narodziny, rozkwit i zmierzch szlacheckiej republiki |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=664287 |journal=Klio. Czasopismo poświęcone dziejom Polski i powszechnym |language=Polish |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=23–54 |issn=1643-8191 |quote=Na mocy aktu uchwalonego 30 maja, w którym zapewniano, że „nihil...}}</ref> == ''Nihil novi'' == -The ''[[Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland|Sejm]]'''s 1505 Act of ''Nihil novi nisi commune consensu'' marked an important victory for Poland's [[szlachta|nobility]] over her [[List of Polish monarchs|kings]]. It forbade the king to issue laws without the consent of the nobility, represented by the ''[[Senate of Poland|Senat]]'' and Chamber of Deputies, except for laws governing [[Free Royal Cities Act|royal cities]], [[crown land]]s (''królewszczyzny''), [[mining|mine]]s, [[fiefdom]]s, royal [[peasant]]s, and [[Jew]]s.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} +The act of ''Nihil novi'' was passed in 1505 during a [[Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland|Sejm]] session in Radom ({{ill|sejm of Radom (1505)|pl|sejm radomski 1505}}) that lasted from 30 March to 31 May and was held at the {{ill|royal castle in Radom|pl|Zamek Królewski w Radomiu}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Grodecki |first=Roman |url=https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=ObkjAQAAIAAJ&dq=sejm+1505+%2230+marca%22+%2231+maja%22&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22od+30+marca+do+31+maja+1505%22 |title=Dzieje Polski średniowiecznej: Od roku 1333 do 1506 |last2=Zachorowski |first2=Stanisław |last3=Dąbrowski |first3=Jan |date=1995 |publisher=Tow. Autorów i Wydawców Prac Naukowych Universitas |isbn=978-83-7052-230-8 |pages=477 |language=pl |quote=na następnym też sejmie, który obradował w Radomiu od 30 marca do 31 maja 1505}}</ref> It was signed by King [[Alexander Jagiellon]] on 31 March<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zamoyski |first=Adam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_quAQAACAAJ&dq=The+Polish+Way&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJg8f1tvP8AhXitlYBHfokCFIQ6AF6BAgGEAE |title=The Polish Way: A Thousand-year History of the Poles and Their Culture |date=1987 |publisher=John Murray |isbn=978-0-7195-4283-1 |pages=99 |language=en |quote=granted on 31 March 1505 by King Aleksander}}</ref> and passed by Sejm on 30 May.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/book-detail?id=1042479 |title=Polski parlamentaryzm a lekcje historii |date=2022 |publisher=Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego |isbn=978-83-235-5525-4 |editor-last=Linowski |editor-first=Łukasz |pages=12 |language=Polish |quote=konstytucję wydano z datą 30 maja |editor-last2=Niedzielska |editor-first2=Agata Ewa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Szpoper |first=Dariusz |date=2015 |title=Cura te ipsum! W odpowiedzi W. Uruszczakowi |url=https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/533009.pdf |journal=Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego |volume=18 |pages=256-272. |quote=Uchwalona na sejmie walnym w Radomiu w dniu 30 maja 1505 r. konstytucja Nihil novi stanowiła}}</ref> -''Nihil novi'' invalidated the [[Privilege of Mielnik]], which had strengthened only the [[magnate]]s, and it thus tipped the balance of power in favor of the Chamber of Deputies (the formally lower chamber of the [[Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland|Parliament]]), where the ordinary [[szlachta|nobility]] held sway. ''Nihil novi'' is often regarded as initiating the period in [[History of Poland|Polish history]] known as "[[History of Poland (1569-1795)|Nobles' Democracy]]," which was but a limited democracy as only male nobility (''[[szlachta]]'') were able to participate (the nobility constituting some ten percent of the Republic's population, still a higher eligible percentage than in much of Europe). +The Sejm''<nowiki/>'''s 1505 Act of ''Nihil novi nisi commune consensu'' marked an important victory for Poland's [[szlachta|nobility]] over her [[List of Polish monarchs|kings]]. It forbade the king to issue laws without the consent of the nobility, represented by the ''[[Senate of Poland|Senat]]'' and Chamber of Deputies, except for laws governing [[Free Royal Cities Act|royal cities]], [[crown land]]s (''królewszczyzny''), [[mining|mine]]s, [[fiefdom]]s, royal [[peasant]]s, and [[Jew]]s.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} -The act of ''Nihil novi'' was signed by King [[Alexander Jagiellon]] on 30 May 1505 in a ''Sejm'' session held at the royal castle in [[Radom]]. +''Nihil novi'' invalidated the [[Privilege of Mielnik]], which had strengthened only the [[magnate]]s, and it thus tipped the balance of power in favor of the Chamber of Deputies (the formally lower chamber of the [[Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland|Parliament]]), where the ordinary [[szlachta|nobility]] held sway. ''Nihil novi'' is often regarded as initiating the period in [[History of Poland|Polish history]] known as "[[History of Poland (1569-1795)|Nobles' Democracy]]," which was but a limited democracy as only male nobility (''[[szlachta]]'') were able to participate<ref name=":0" /> (the nobility constituting some ten percent of the Republic's population, still a higher eligible percentage than in much of Europe). -That same year, the [[szlachta|nobility]] further expanded their power by [[Repeal|abrogating]] most [[city|cities']] voting rights in the ''Sejm'' and by forbidding [[peasant]]s to leave their lands without permission from their [[feudal lord]]s, thereby firmly establishing a "second [[serfdom]]" in Poland. +That same year, the [[szlachta|nobility]] further expanded their power by [[Repeal|abrogating]] most [[city|cities']] voting rights in the Sejm and by forbidding [[peasant]]s to leave their lands without permission from their [[feudal lord]]s, thereby firmly establishing a "second [[serfdom]]" in Poland. == Text == '