New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|Hypothetical weapon that would turn people homosexual; speculated by a U.S. Air Force research lab}}
{{for|the WWII bomber|Enola Gay}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
The "'''gay bomb'''" and "'''halitosis bomb'''" are formal names for two [[non-lethal]] [[Psychochemical warfare|psychochemical weapon]]s that a [[United States Air Force]] research laboratory speculated about producing. The theories involve discharging [[sex pheromone]]s over enemy forces in order to make them sexually attracted to each other.
In 1994 the [[Wright Laboratory]] in [[Ohio]], a predecessor to today's [[United States Air Force Research Laboratory]], produced a three-page proposal on a variety of possible nonlethal chemical weapons, which was later obtained by the [[Sunshine Project]] through a [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)|Freedom of Information Act]] request.<ref name="france24.com1">{{cite news | title=Pentagon toyed with 'gay bomb' | url=http://www.france24.com/france24Public/en/news/americas/20070616-US-army-gay-bomb-developing-a--gay-bomb-.html | access-date=15 October 2015 | work=France 24 | publisher=Agence France-Presse| date=15 June 2007 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20070616042537/http://www.france24.com/france24Public/en/news/americas/20070616-US-army-gay-bomb-developing-a--gay-bomb-.html | archive-date=16 June 2007 | url-status=dead}} [http://web-capture.net/picture.php?pic_index=1&presentation_method=inline Alt URL]</ref><ref name="houstonvoice.com">{{cite web | title=Houston Voice Blog | url=http://www.houstonvoice.com/blog/index.cfm?type=blog&start=6/12/07&end=6/13/0 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012135657/http://www.houstonvoice.com/blog/index.cfm?type=blog&start=6/12/07&end=6/13/0 | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 October 2020 | access-date=15 October 2015 | date=27 September 2007 }} [http://web-capture.net/picture.php?pic_index=1&presentation_method=inline Alt URL]</ref><ref name="dailytimes.com.pk">{{cite news | url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C06%5C16%5Cstory_16-6-2007_pg4_12 | title=Pentagon once mulled 'gay bomb' to promote love, not war | work=Daily Times | last=Bernard | first=Jerome | date=16 June 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180455/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C06%5C16%5Cstory_16-6-2007_pg4_12 | archive-date=30 September 2007 | access-date=20 August 2015 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ccpblogs.com">{{cite web | last1=Hambrick | first1=Greg | title=Gay Bomb, For Real | url=http://gaycharleston.ccpblogs.com/2007/06/12/gay-bomb-for-real/ | website=Gay Charleston | access-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616113527/http://gaycharleston.ccpblogs.com/2007/06/12/gay-bomb-for-real/ | archive-date=16 June 2007 | date=12 June 2007 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="canada.com">{{cite news | last1=Kay | first1=Jonathan | title=Jonathan Kay on the Pentagon's plan to build a "gay bomb": Why is this 2005 story news again? | url=http://communities.canada.com/nationalpost/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2007/06/12/jonathan-kay-on-the-pentagon-s-plan-to-build-a-gay-bomb-why-is-this-2005-story-news-again.aspx | access-date=15 October 2015 | work=National Post | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011192701/http://communities.canada.com/nationalpost/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2007/06/12/jonathan-kay-on-the-pentagon-s-plan-to-build-a-gay-bomb-why-is-this-2005-story-news-again.aspx | archive-date=11 October 2007 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Background==
No well-controlled scientific studies have ever been published suggesting the possibility of pheromones causing rapid behavioral changes in humans.<ref name="wy" />
Some body spray advertisers claim that their products contain human sexual [[pheromones]] which act as an [[aphrodisiac]]. In the 1970s, "copulins" were patented as products which release human pheromones, based on research on [[rhesus monkey]]s.<ref name="wy">Wyatt, Tristram D. (2003). ''Pheromones and Animal Behaviour: Communication by Smell and Taste.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN | 0-521-48526-6}}. p. 298 Quoting Preti & Weski (1999) "No peer reviewed data supporting the presences of ... human ... pheromones that cause rapid behavioral changes, such as attraction and/or [[sexual intercourse|copulation]] have been documented."</ref> Subsequently, androstenone, axillary sweat, and "vomodors" have been claimed to act as human pheromones.<ref name = "Warren S. T. Hays">{{cite journal | last1 = Hays | first1 = Warren S. T. | last2 = Human | year = 2003 | title = Human pheromones: have they been demonstrated? | doi = 10.1007/s00265-003-0613-4 | journal = Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology | volume = 54 | issue = 2 | pages = 89–97 | s2cid = 37400635 }}</ref>
Despite these claims, no pheromonal substance has ever been demonstrated to directly influence human behavior in a [[peer review]]ed study.<ref name="wy"/><ref name="Warren S. T. Hays"/><ref name = "Neu">{{cite book | last =Bear | first =Mark F. | author2=Barry W. Connors | author3=Michael A. Paradiso | year = 2006 | title =Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain | publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | url = https://archive.org/details/neuroscienceexpl00mark | url-access =registration | quote =neuroscience exploring the brain. | isbn =978-0-7817-6003-4 }} p. 264 ... there has not yet been any hard evidence for human pheromones that might [change] sexual attraction (for members of either sex) [naturally]</ref>
Using a brain imaging technique, Swedish researchers have shown that when [[Homosexuality|homosexual]] and [[Heterosexuality|heterosexual]] males are presented with two odors that may be involved in sexual arousal their brains tend to respond differently, and that the [[homosexual men]] tend to respond in the same way as heterosexual women, though it could not be determined whether this was cause or effect.<ref name="Savic2005">{{cite journal | author1=Savic I | author2=Berglund H | author3=Lindström P | title = Brain response to putative pheromones in homosexual men | journal = [[Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.]] | volume = 102 | issue = 20 | pages = 7356–7361 | date=May 2005 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0407998102 | pmid=15883379 | pmc=1129091 | bibcode=2005PNAS..102.7356S | doi-access=free }}</ref> The study was expanded to include homosexual women; the results were consistent with previous findings meaning that homosexual women were not as responsive to male identified odors, while their response to female cues was similar to that of heterosexual males.<ref name="pmid16705035">{{cite journal | last1=Berglund H | last2=Lindström P | last3=Savic I | title = Brain response to putative pheromones in lesbian women | journal = [[Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.]] | volume = 103 | issue = 21 | pages = 8269–74 | date=May 2006 | pmid = 16705035 | pmc = 1570103 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0600331103 | bibcode=2006PNAS..103.8269B | doi-access=free }}</ref> According to the researchers, this research suggests a possible role for human pheromones in the biological basis of [[sexual orientation]].<ref>Wade, N. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/09/science/09cnd-smell.html Gay Men are found to have Different Scent of Attraction]." NY Times, 9 May 2005</ref>
==Leaked documents==
In both of the documents, the possibility was canvassed that a strong [[aphrodisiac]] could be dropped on enemy troops, ideally one which would also cause "homosexual behavior". The documents described the aphrodisiac weapon as "distasteful but completely [[non-lethal]]".<ref name="houstonvoice.com"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jun/13/usa.danglaister|title=Air force looked at spray to turn enemy gay|last=Glaister|first=Dan|date=2007-06-13|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-03-12|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
== Body odors ==
[[Body odor]] remote-engineering, involving compounds found in [[halitosis]] and [[hyperhidrosis]], was another possibility discussed. Again, these effects would be produced by a non-lethal chemical weapon—possibly one that would affect the [[hormonal]] and [[digestion|digestive]] systems. It appears that a 'heavy [[sweating]] bomb', '[[flatulence]] bomb' and '[[halitosis]] bomb' were also considered by a committee at the time. The plan was to make an enemy so smelly they could be quite literally sniffed out of hiding by their opponents{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}.
== Ig Nobel Prize awards ==
Wright Laboratory won the satiric 2007 [[Ig Nobel Prize|Ig Nobel Peace Prize]] for "instigating research & development on a chemical weapon—the so-called 'gay bomb' / '[[wikt:poof|poof]] bomb'—that will make enemy soldiers become sexually irresistible to each other."<ref>{{cite web
| title = Winners of the Ig Nobel Prize
| publisher = Improbable Research
| year = 2007
| url = http://www.improb.com/ig/ig-pastwinners.html#ig2007
| access-date = 18 October 2007
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110225074430/http://www.improb.com/ig/ig-pastwinners.html#ig2007
| archive-date = 25 February 2011}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Bremelanotide]], the only known [[chemical synthesis|synthetic]] [[aphrodisiac]]
* [[Frey effect]] (science)
* [[Misattribution of arousal]]
* ''[[30 Rock]]'', a sitcom which featured a working gay bomb in the episode "[[Cooter (30 Rock)|Cooter]]".
* ''[[Brickleberry]]'', a sitcom whose sixth episode, "[[List of Brickleberry episodes|Gay Bomb]]", involves a gay bomb.
* ''[[The Alex Jones Show]]'', a conspiracy theory outlet, talks about how [[Atrazine]] runoff is the equivalent of a gay bomb by causing the [[Endocrine system|endocrine]] system of amphibians to alter their [[gender]].
== Notes ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
==References==
* {{cite web
| url = http://www.sunshine-project.org/incapacitants/jnlwdpdf/wpafbchem.pdf
| title = Harassing, Annoying, and 'Bad Guy' Identifying Chemicals
| publisher = [[Sunshine Project]]
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060502201217/http://www.sunshine-project.org/incapacitants/jnlwdpdf/wpafbchem.pdf
| archive-date = 2 May 2006
| access-date = 15 October 2015
| url-status = dead}}
* {{cite news
| first = Michael
| last = Smith
| url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1481260/Pentagon-planned-love-bomb.html
| title = Pentagon planned love bomb
|location=UK|work=The Daily Telegraph
| date = 15 January 2005
| access-date =30 April 2008}}
* {{cite news
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4174519.stm
| title = US military pondered love not war
| work = news.bbc.co.uk
|publisher=BBC News
| date = 15 January 2005
| access-date =16 June 2007}}
* {{cite news
| first = Jeremy
| last = Bransten
| url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2007/01/mil-070130-rferl02.htm
| title = U.S.: Pentagon Unveils The Next Generation of Nonlethal Weapons
| work = GlobalSecurity.org
| date = 30 January 2007
| access-date =16 June 2007}}
* {{cite news
| first = Jerome
| last = Bernard
| url = http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C06%5C16%5Cstory_16-6-2007_pg4_12
| title = Pentagon once mulled 'gay bomb' to promote love not war
| work = [[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]
| date = 16 June 2007
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180455/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C06%5C16%5Cstory_16-6-2007_pg4_12
| archive-date = 30 September 2007
| url-status = dead
| access-date =15 October 2015}}
* {{cite news
|url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/science/10/04/ig.nobels.ap/index.html
|title=Ig Nobel awards celebrate the sillier side of science
|publisher=CNN
|date=5 October 2007
|access-date=5 October 2007
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009010003/http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/science/10/04/ig.nobels.ap/index.html
|archive-date=9 October 2007
|url-status=dead
}}
== External links ==
* {{cite web
| first = Mark
| last = Simpson
| url = http://www.marksimpson.com/blog/2007/10/06/the-gay-bomb-covers-the-us-air-force-in-glory/
| title = Armed and Amorous
|work=The Guardian |location=UK
| date = 13 June 2007
}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071220142959/http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2191867/military-planned-gay-bomb US military planned 'gay bomb']
*[https://www.theguardian.com/usa/story/0,,2101644,00.html Air force looked at spray to turn enemy gay]
*[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,281217,00.html Air Force Considered Gay 'Love Bomb' Against Enemies]
*[http://rncnyc2004.blogspot.com/2007/06/us-military-gay-bomb-video.html US Military "Gay Bomb" Video] ([[Republican National Convention]] blog)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gay Bomb}}
[[Category:Chemical weapons]]
[[Category:Non-lethal weapons]]
[[Category:Pheromones]]
[[Category:Sexual orientation]]
[[Category:Psychological warfare]]
[[Category:Fictional weapons]]
[[Category:LGBT-related conspiracy theories]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,1 +1,121 @@
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+{{short description|Hypothetical weapon that would turn people homosexual; speculated by a U.S. Air Force research lab}}
+{{for|the WWII bomber|Enola Gay}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
+
+The "'''gay bomb'''" and "'''halitosis bomb'''" are formal names for two [[non-lethal]] [[Psychochemical warfare|psychochemical weapon]]s that a [[United States Air Force]] research laboratory speculated about producing. The theories involve discharging [[sex pheromone]]s over enemy forces in order to make them sexually attracted to each other.
+
+In 1994 the [[Wright Laboratory]] in [[Ohio]], a predecessor to today's [[United States Air Force Research Laboratory]], produced a three-page proposal on a variety of possible nonlethal chemical weapons, which was later obtained by the [[Sunshine Project]] through a [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)|Freedom of Information Act]] request.<ref name="france24.com1">{{cite news | title=Pentagon toyed with 'gay bomb' | url=http://www.france24.com/france24Public/en/news/americas/20070616-US-army-gay-bomb-developing-a--gay-bomb-.html | access-date=15 October 2015 | work=France 24 | publisher=Agence France-Presse| date=15 June 2007 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20070616042537/http://www.france24.com/france24Public/en/news/americas/20070616-US-army-gay-bomb-developing-a--gay-bomb-.html | archive-date=16 June 2007 | url-status=dead}} [http://web-capture.net/picture.php?pic_index=1&presentation_method=inline Alt URL]</ref><ref name="houstonvoice.com">{{cite web | title=Houston Voice Blog | url=http://www.houstonvoice.com/blog/index.cfm?type=blog&start=6/12/07&end=6/13/0 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012135657/http://www.houstonvoice.com/blog/index.cfm?type=blog&start=6/12/07&end=6/13/0 | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 October 2020 | access-date=15 October 2015 | date=27 September 2007 }} [http://web-capture.net/picture.php?pic_index=1&presentation_method=inline Alt URL]</ref><ref name="dailytimes.com.pk">{{cite news | url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C06%5C16%5Cstory_16-6-2007_pg4_12 | title=Pentagon once mulled 'gay bomb' to promote love, not war | work=Daily Times | last=Bernard | first=Jerome | date=16 June 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180455/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C06%5C16%5Cstory_16-6-2007_pg4_12 | archive-date=30 September 2007 | access-date=20 August 2015 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ccpblogs.com">{{cite web | last1=Hambrick | first1=Greg | title=Gay Bomb, For Real | url=http://gaycharleston.ccpblogs.com/2007/06/12/gay-bomb-for-real/ | website=Gay Charleston | access-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616113527/http://gaycharleston.ccpblogs.com/2007/06/12/gay-bomb-for-real/ | archive-date=16 June 2007 | date=12 June 2007 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="canada.com">{{cite news | last1=Kay | first1=Jonathan | title=Jonathan Kay on the Pentagon's plan to build a "gay bomb": Why is this 2005 story news again? | url=http://communities.canada.com/nationalpost/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2007/06/12/jonathan-kay-on-the-pentagon-s-plan-to-build-a-gay-bomb-why-is-this-2005-story-news-again.aspx | access-date=15 October 2015 | work=National Post | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011192701/http://communities.canada.com/nationalpost/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2007/06/12/jonathan-kay-on-the-pentagon-s-plan-to-build-a-gay-bomb-why-is-this-2005-story-news-again.aspx | archive-date=11 October 2007 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
+
+==Background==
+No well-controlled scientific studies have ever been published suggesting the possibility of pheromones causing rapid behavioral changes in humans.<ref name="wy" />
+
+Some body spray advertisers claim that their products contain human sexual [[pheromones]] which act as an [[aphrodisiac]]. In the 1970s, "copulins" were patented as products which release human pheromones, based on research on [[rhesus monkey]]s.<ref name="wy">Wyatt, Tristram D. (2003). ''Pheromones and Animal Behaviour: Communication by Smell and Taste.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN | 0-521-48526-6}}. p. 298 Quoting Preti & Weski (1999) "No peer reviewed data supporting the presences of ... human ... pheromones that cause rapid behavioral changes, such as attraction and/or [[sexual intercourse|copulation]] have been documented."</ref> Subsequently, androstenone, axillary sweat, and "vomodors" have been claimed to act as human pheromones.<ref name = "Warren S. T. Hays">{{cite journal | last1 = Hays | first1 = Warren S. T. | last2 = Human | year = 2003 | title = Human pheromones: have they been demonstrated? | doi = 10.1007/s00265-003-0613-4 | journal = Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology | volume = 54 | issue = 2 | pages = 89–97 | s2cid = 37400635 }}</ref>
+
+Despite these claims, no pheromonal substance has ever been demonstrated to directly influence human behavior in a [[peer review]]ed study.<ref name="wy"/><ref name="Warren S. T. Hays"/><ref name = "Neu">{{cite book | last =Bear | first =Mark F. | author2=Barry W. Connors | author3=Michael A. Paradiso | year = 2006 | title =Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain | publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | url = https://archive.org/details/neuroscienceexpl00mark | url-access =registration | quote =neuroscience exploring the brain. | isbn =978-0-7817-6003-4 }} p. 264 ... there has not yet been any hard evidence for human pheromones that might [change] sexual attraction (for members of either sex) [naturally]</ref>
+
+Using a brain imaging technique, Swedish researchers have shown that when [[Homosexuality|homosexual]] and [[Heterosexuality|heterosexual]] males are presented with two odors that may be involved in sexual arousal their brains tend to respond differently, and that the [[homosexual men]] tend to respond in the same way as heterosexual women, though it could not be determined whether this was cause or effect.<ref name="Savic2005">{{cite journal | author1=Savic I | author2=Berglund H | author3=Lindström P | title = Brain response to putative pheromones in homosexual men | journal = [[Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.]] | volume = 102 | issue = 20 | pages = 7356–7361 | date=May 2005 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0407998102 | pmid=15883379 | pmc=1129091 | bibcode=2005PNAS..102.7356S | doi-access=free }}</ref> The study was expanded to include homosexual women; the results were consistent with previous findings meaning that homosexual women were not as responsive to male identified odors, while their response to female cues was similar to that of heterosexual males.<ref name="pmid16705035">{{cite journal | last1=Berglund H | last2=Lindström P | last3=Savic I | title = Brain response to putative pheromones in lesbian women | journal = [[Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.]] | volume = 103 | issue = 21 | pages = 8269–74 | date=May 2006 | pmid = 16705035 | pmc = 1570103 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0600331103 | bibcode=2006PNAS..103.8269B | doi-access=free }}</ref> According to the researchers, this research suggests a possible role for human pheromones in the biological basis of [[sexual orientation]].<ref>Wade, N. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/09/science/09cnd-smell.html Gay Men are found to have Different Scent of Attraction]." NY Times, 9 May 2005</ref>
+
+==Leaked documents==
+In both of the documents, the possibility was canvassed that a strong [[aphrodisiac]] could be dropped on enemy troops, ideally one which would also cause "homosexual behavior". The documents described the aphrodisiac weapon as "distasteful but completely [[non-lethal]]".<ref name="houstonvoice.com"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jun/13/usa.danglaister|title=Air force looked at spray to turn enemy gay|last=Glaister|first=Dan|date=2007-06-13|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-03-12|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
+
+== Body odors ==
+[[Body odor]] remote-engineering, involving compounds found in [[halitosis]] and [[hyperhidrosis]], was another possibility discussed. Again, these effects would be produced by a non-lethal chemical weapon—possibly one that would affect the [[hormonal]] and [[digestion|digestive]] systems. It appears that a 'heavy [[sweating]] bomb', '[[flatulence]] bomb' and '[[halitosis]] bomb' were also considered by a committee at the time. The plan was to make an enemy so smelly they could be quite literally sniffed out of hiding by their opponents{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}.
+
+== Ig Nobel Prize awards ==
+Wright Laboratory won the satiric 2007 [[Ig Nobel Prize|Ig Nobel Peace Prize]] for "instigating research & development on a chemical weapon—the so-called 'gay bomb' / '[[wikt:poof|poof]] bomb'—that will make enemy soldiers become sexually irresistible to each other."<ref>{{cite web
+ | title = Winners of the Ig Nobel Prize
+ | publisher = Improbable Research
+ | year = 2007
+ | url = http://www.improb.com/ig/ig-pastwinners.html#ig2007
+ | access-date = 18 October 2007
+ | url-status = dead
+ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110225074430/http://www.improb.com/ig/ig-pastwinners.html#ig2007
+ | archive-date = 25 February 2011}}</ref>
+
+== See also ==
+* [[Bremelanotide]], the only known [[chemical synthesis|synthetic]] [[aphrodisiac]]
+* [[Frey effect]] (science)
+* [[Misattribution of arousal]]
+* ''[[30 Rock]]'', a sitcom which featured a working gay bomb in the episode "[[Cooter (30 Rock)|Cooter]]".
+* ''[[Brickleberry]]'', a sitcom whose sixth episode, "[[List of Brickleberry episodes|Gay Bomb]]", involves a gay bomb.
+* ''[[The Alex Jones Show]]'', a conspiracy theory outlet, talks about how [[Atrazine]] runoff is the equivalent of a gay bomb by causing the [[Endocrine system|endocrine]] system of amphibians to alter their [[gender]].
+
+== Notes ==
+{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
+
+==References==
+* {{cite web
+ | url = http://www.sunshine-project.org/incapacitants/jnlwdpdf/wpafbchem.pdf
+ | title = Harassing, Annoying, and 'Bad Guy' Identifying Chemicals
+ | publisher = [[Sunshine Project]]
+ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060502201217/http://www.sunshine-project.org/incapacitants/jnlwdpdf/wpafbchem.pdf
+ | archive-date = 2 May 2006
+ | access-date = 15 October 2015
+ | url-status = dead}}
+* {{cite news
+ | first = Michael
+ | last = Smith
+ | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1481260/Pentagon-planned-love-bomb.html
+ | title = Pentagon planned love bomb
+ |location=UK|work=The Daily Telegraph
+ | date = 15 January 2005
+ | access-date =30 April 2008}}
+* {{cite news
+ | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4174519.stm
+ | title = US military pondered love not war
+ | work = news.bbc.co.uk
+ |publisher=BBC News
+ | date = 15 January 2005
+ | access-date =16 June 2007}}
+* {{cite news
+ | first = Jeremy
+ | last = Bransten
+ | url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2007/01/mil-070130-rferl02.htm
+ | title = U.S.: Pentagon Unveils The Next Generation of Nonlethal Weapons
+ | work = GlobalSecurity.org
+ | date = 30 January 2007
+ | access-date =16 June 2007}}
+* {{cite news
+ | first = Jerome
+ | last = Bernard
+ | url = http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C06%5C16%5Cstory_16-6-2007_pg4_12
+ | title = Pentagon once mulled 'gay bomb' to promote love not war
+ | work = [[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]
+ | date = 16 June 2007
+ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180455/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C06%5C16%5Cstory_16-6-2007_pg4_12
+ | archive-date = 30 September 2007
+ | url-status = dead
+ | access-date =15 October 2015}}
+* {{cite news
+ |url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/science/10/04/ig.nobels.ap/index.html
+ |title=Ig Nobel awards celebrate the sillier side of science
+ |publisher=CNN
+ |date=5 October 2007
+ |access-date=5 October 2007
+ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009010003/http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/science/10/04/ig.nobels.ap/index.html
+ |archive-date=9 October 2007
+ |url-status=dead
+}}
+
+== External links ==
+* {{cite web
+| first = Mark
+| last = Simpson
+| url = http://www.marksimpson.com/blog/2007/10/06/the-gay-bomb-covers-the-us-air-force-in-glory/
+| title = Armed and Amorous
+|work=The Guardian |location=UK
+| date = 13 June 2007
+}}
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071220142959/http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2191867/military-planned-gay-bomb US military planned 'gay bomb']
+*[https://www.theguardian.com/usa/story/0,,2101644,00.html Air force looked at spray to turn enemy gay]
+*[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,281217,00.html Air Force Considered Gay 'Love Bomb' Against Enemies]
+*[http://rncnyc2004.blogspot.com/2007/06/us-military-gay-bomb-video.html US Military "Gay Bomb" Video] ([[Republican National Convention]] blog)
+
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Gay Bomb}}
+[[Category:Chemical weapons]]
+[[Category:Non-lethal weapons]]
+[[Category:Pheromones]]
+[[Category:Sexual orientation]]
+[[Category:Psychological warfare]]
+[[Category:Fictional weapons]]
+[[Category:LGBT-related conspiracy theories]]
' |
Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
0 => '{{short description|Hypothetical weapon that would turn people homosexual; speculated by a U.S. Air Force research lab}}',
1 => '{{for|the WWII bomber|Enola Gay}} ',
2 => '{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}',
3 => '',
4 => 'The "'''gay bomb'''" and "'''halitosis bomb'''" are formal names for two [[non-lethal]] [[Psychochemical warfare|psychochemical weapon]]s that a [[United States Air Force]] research laboratory speculated about producing. The theories involve discharging [[sex pheromone]]s over enemy forces in order to make them sexually attracted to each other.',
5 => '',
6 => 'In 1994 the [[Wright Laboratory]] in [[Ohio]], a predecessor to today's [[United States Air Force Research Laboratory]], produced a three-page proposal on a variety of possible nonlethal chemical weapons, which was later obtained by the [[Sunshine Project]] through a [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)|Freedom of Information Act]] request.<ref name="france24.com1">{{cite news | title=Pentagon toyed with 'gay bomb' | url=http://www.france24.com/france24Public/en/news/americas/20070616-US-army-gay-bomb-developing-a--gay-bomb-.html | access-date=15 October 2015 | work=France 24 | publisher=Agence France-Presse| date=15 June 2007 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20070616042537/http://www.france24.com/france24Public/en/news/americas/20070616-US-army-gay-bomb-developing-a--gay-bomb-.html | archive-date=16 June 2007 | url-status=dead}} [http://web-capture.net/picture.php?pic_index=1&presentation_method=inline Alt URL]</ref><ref name="houstonvoice.com">{{cite web | title=Houston Voice Blog | url=http://www.houstonvoice.com/blog/index.cfm?type=blog&start=6/12/07&end=6/13/0 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012135657/http://www.houstonvoice.com/blog/index.cfm?type=blog&start=6/12/07&end=6/13/0 | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 October 2020 | access-date=15 October 2015 | date=27 September 2007 }} [http://web-capture.net/picture.php?pic_index=1&presentation_method=inline Alt URL]</ref><ref name="dailytimes.com.pk">{{cite news | url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C06%5C16%5Cstory_16-6-2007_pg4_12 | title=Pentagon once mulled 'gay bomb' to promote love, not war | work=Daily Times | last=Bernard | first=Jerome | date=16 June 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180455/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C06%5C16%5Cstory_16-6-2007_pg4_12 | archive-date=30 September 2007 | access-date=20 August 2015 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ccpblogs.com">{{cite web | last1=Hambrick | first1=Greg | title=Gay Bomb, For Real | url=http://gaycharleston.ccpblogs.com/2007/06/12/gay-bomb-for-real/ | website=Gay Charleston | access-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616113527/http://gaycharleston.ccpblogs.com/2007/06/12/gay-bomb-for-real/ | archive-date=16 June 2007 | date=12 June 2007 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="canada.com">{{cite news | last1=Kay | first1=Jonathan | title=Jonathan Kay on the Pentagon's plan to build a "gay bomb": Why is this 2005 story news again? | url=http://communities.canada.com/nationalpost/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2007/06/12/jonathan-kay-on-the-pentagon-s-plan-to-build-a-gay-bomb-why-is-this-2005-story-news-again.aspx | access-date=15 October 2015 | work=National Post | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011192701/http://communities.canada.com/nationalpost/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2007/06/12/jonathan-kay-on-the-pentagon-s-plan-to-build-a-gay-bomb-why-is-this-2005-story-news-again.aspx | archive-date=11 October 2007 | url-status=dead}}</ref>',
7 => '',
8 => '==Background==',
9 => 'No well-controlled scientific studies have ever been published suggesting the possibility of pheromones causing rapid behavioral changes in humans.<ref name="wy" />',
10 => '',
11 => 'Some body spray advertisers claim that their products contain human sexual [[pheromones]] which act as an [[aphrodisiac]]. In the 1970s, "copulins" were patented as products which release human pheromones, based on research on [[rhesus monkey]]s.<ref name="wy">Wyatt, Tristram D. (2003). ''Pheromones and Animal Behaviour: Communication by Smell and Taste.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN | 0-521-48526-6}}. p. 298 Quoting Preti & Weski (1999) "No peer reviewed data supporting the presences of ... human ... pheromones that cause rapid behavioral changes, such as attraction and/or [[sexual intercourse|copulation]] have been documented."</ref> Subsequently, androstenone, axillary sweat, and "vomodors" have been claimed to act as human pheromones.<ref name = "Warren S. T. Hays">{{cite journal | last1 = Hays | first1 = Warren S. T. | last2 = Human | year = 2003 | title = Human pheromones: have they been demonstrated? | doi = 10.1007/s00265-003-0613-4 | journal = Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology | volume = 54 | issue = 2 | pages = 89–97 | s2cid = 37400635 }}</ref>',
12 => '',
13 => 'Despite these claims, no pheromonal substance has ever been demonstrated to directly influence human behavior in a [[peer review]]ed study.<ref name="wy"/><ref name="Warren S. T. Hays"/><ref name = "Neu">{{cite book | last =Bear | first =Mark F. | author2=Barry W. Connors | author3=Michael A. Paradiso | year = 2006 | title =Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain | publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | url = https://archive.org/details/neuroscienceexpl00mark | url-access =registration | quote =neuroscience exploring the brain. | isbn =978-0-7817-6003-4 }} p. 264 ... there has not yet been any hard evidence for human pheromones that might [change] sexual attraction (for members of either sex) [naturally]</ref>',
14 => '',
15 => 'Using a brain imaging technique, Swedish researchers have shown that when [[Homosexuality|homosexual]] and [[Heterosexuality|heterosexual]] males are presented with two odors that may be involved in sexual arousal their brains tend to respond differently, and that the [[homosexual men]] tend to respond in the same way as heterosexual women, though it could not be determined whether this was cause or effect.<ref name="Savic2005">{{cite journal | author1=Savic I | author2=Berglund H | author3=Lindström P | title = Brain response to putative pheromones in homosexual men | journal = [[Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.]] | volume = 102 | issue = 20 | pages = 7356–7361 | date=May 2005 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0407998102 | pmid=15883379 | pmc=1129091 | bibcode=2005PNAS..102.7356S | doi-access=free }}</ref> The study was expanded to include homosexual women; the results were consistent with previous findings meaning that homosexual women were not as responsive to male identified odors, while their response to female cues was similar to that of heterosexual males.<ref name="pmid16705035">{{cite journal | last1=Berglund H | last2=Lindström P | last3=Savic I | title = Brain response to putative pheromones in lesbian women | journal = [[Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.]] | volume = 103 | issue = 21 | pages = 8269–74 | date=May 2006 | pmid = 16705035 | pmc = 1570103 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0600331103 | bibcode=2006PNAS..103.8269B | doi-access=free }}</ref> According to the researchers, this research suggests a possible role for human pheromones in the biological basis of [[sexual orientation]].<ref>Wade, N. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/09/science/09cnd-smell.html Gay Men are found to have Different Scent of Attraction]." NY Times, 9 May 2005</ref>',
16 => '',
17 => '==Leaked documents==',
18 => 'In both of the documents, the possibility was canvassed that a strong [[aphrodisiac]] could be dropped on enemy troops, ideally one which would also cause "homosexual behavior". The documents described the aphrodisiac weapon as "distasteful but completely [[non-lethal]]".<ref name="houstonvoice.com"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jun/13/usa.danglaister|title=Air force looked at spray to turn enemy gay|last=Glaister|first=Dan|date=2007-06-13|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-03-12|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>',
19 => '',
20 => '== Body odors ==',
21 => '[[Body odor]] remote-engineering, involving compounds found in [[halitosis]] and [[hyperhidrosis]], was another possibility discussed. Again, these effects would be produced by a non-lethal chemical weapon—possibly one that would affect the [[hormonal]] and [[digestion|digestive]] systems. It appears that a 'heavy [[sweating]] bomb', '[[flatulence]] bomb' and '[[halitosis]] bomb' were also considered by a committee at the time. The plan was to make an enemy so smelly they could be quite literally sniffed out of hiding by their opponents{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}.',
22 => '',
23 => '== Ig Nobel Prize awards ==',
24 => 'Wright Laboratory won the satiric 2007 [[Ig Nobel Prize|Ig Nobel Peace Prize]] for "instigating research & development on a chemical weapon—the so-called 'gay bomb' / '[[wikt:poof|poof]] bomb'—that will make enemy soldiers become sexually irresistible to each other."<ref>{{cite web',
25 => ' | title = Winners of the Ig Nobel Prize',
26 => ' | publisher = Improbable Research',
27 => ' | year = 2007',
28 => ' | url = http://www.improb.com/ig/ig-pastwinners.html#ig2007',
29 => ' | access-date = 18 October 2007',
30 => ' | url-status = dead',
31 => ' | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110225074430/http://www.improb.com/ig/ig-pastwinners.html#ig2007',
32 => ' | archive-date = 25 February 2011}}</ref>',
33 => '',
34 => '== See also ==',
35 => '* [[Bremelanotide]], the only known [[chemical synthesis|synthetic]] [[aphrodisiac]]',
36 => '* [[Frey effect]] (science)',
37 => '* [[Misattribution of arousal]]',
38 => '* ''[[30 Rock]]'', a sitcom which featured a working gay bomb in the episode "[[Cooter (30 Rock)|Cooter]]".',
39 => '* ''[[Brickleberry]]'', a sitcom whose sixth episode, "[[List of Brickleberry episodes|Gay Bomb]]", involves a gay bomb.',
40 => '* ''[[The Alex Jones Show]]'', a conspiracy theory outlet, talks about how [[Atrazine]] runoff is the equivalent of a gay bomb by causing the [[Endocrine system|endocrine]] system of amphibians to alter their [[gender]].',
41 => '',
42 => '== Notes ==',
43 => '{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}',
44 => '',
45 => '==References==',
46 => '* {{cite web',
47 => ' | url = http://www.sunshine-project.org/incapacitants/jnlwdpdf/wpafbchem.pdf',
48 => ' | title = Harassing, Annoying, and 'Bad Guy' Identifying Chemicals',
49 => ' | publisher = [[Sunshine Project]]',
50 => ' | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060502201217/http://www.sunshine-project.org/incapacitants/jnlwdpdf/wpafbchem.pdf',
51 => ' | archive-date = 2 May 2006',
52 => ' | access-date = 15 October 2015',
53 => ' | url-status = dead}}',
54 => '* {{cite news',
55 => ' | first = Michael',
56 => ' | last = Smith',
57 => ' | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1481260/Pentagon-planned-love-bomb.html',
58 => ' | title = Pentagon planned love bomb',
59 => ' |location=UK|work=The Daily Telegraph ',
60 => ' | date = 15 January 2005',
61 => ' | access-date =30 April 2008}}',
62 => '* {{cite news',
63 => ' | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4174519.stm',
64 => ' | title = US military pondered love not war',
65 => ' | work = news.bbc.co.uk',
66 => ' |publisher=BBC News',
67 => ' | date = 15 January 2005',
68 => ' | access-date =16 June 2007}}',
69 => '* {{cite news',
70 => ' | first = Jeremy',
71 => ' | last = Bransten',
72 => ' | url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2007/01/mil-070130-rferl02.htm',
73 => ' | title = U.S.: Pentagon Unveils The Next Generation of Nonlethal Weapons',
74 => ' | work = GlobalSecurity.org',
75 => ' | date = 30 January 2007',
76 => ' | access-date =16 June 2007}}',
77 => '* {{cite news',
78 => ' | first = Jerome',
79 => ' | last = Bernard',
80 => ' | url = http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C06%5C16%5Cstory_16-6-2007_pg4_12',
81 => ' | title = Pentagon once mulled 'gay bomb' to promote love not war',
82 => ' | work = [[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]',
83 => ' | date = 16 June 2007',
84 => ' | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180455/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C06%5C16%5Cstory_16-6-2007_pg4_12',
85 => ' | archive-date = 30 September 2007',
86 => ' | url-status = dead',
87 => ' | access-date =15 October 2015}}',
88 => '* {{cite news',
89 => ' |url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/science/10/04/ig.nobels.ap/index.html ',
90 => ' |title=Ig Nobel awards celebrate the sillier side of science ',
91 => ' |publisher=CNN ',
92 => ' |date=5 October 2007 ',
93 => ' |access-date=5 October 2007 ',
94 => ' |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009010003/http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/science/10/04/ig.nobels.ap/index.html ',
95 => ' |archive-date=9 October 2007 ',
96 => ' |url-status=dead',
97 => '}}',
98 => '',
99 => '== External links ==',
100 => '* {{cite web',
101 => '| first = Mark',
102 => '| last = Simpson',
103 => '| url = http://www.marksimpson.com/blog/2007/10/06/the-gay-bomb-covers-the-us-air-force-in-glory/',
104 => '| title = Armed and Amorous',
105 => '|work=The Guardian |location=UK',
106 => '| date = 13 June 2007',
107 => '}}',
108 => '*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071220142959/http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2191867/military-planned-gay-bomb US military planned 'gay bomb']',
109 => '*[https://www.theguardian.com/usa/story/0,,2101644,00.html Air force looked at spray to turn enemy gay]',
110 => '*[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,281217,00.html Air Force Considered Gay 'Love Bomb' Against Enemies]',
111 => '*[http://rncnyc2004.blogspot.com/2007/06/us-military-gay-bomb-video.html US Military "Gay Bomb" Video] ([[Republican National Convention]] blog)',
112 => '',
113 => '{{DEFAULTSORT:Gay Bomb}}',
114 => '[[Category:Chemical weapons]]',
115 => '[[Category:Non-lethal weapons]]',
116 => '[[Category:Pheromones]]',
117 => '[[Category:Sexual orientation]]',
118 => '[[Category:Psychological warfare]]',
119 => '[[Category:Fictional weapons]]',
120 => '[[Category:LGBT-related conspiracy theories]]'
] |
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