Examine individual changes
This page allows you to examine the variables generated by the Edit Filter for an individual change.
Variables generated for this change
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Edit summary/reason (summary) | 'Undid revision 945668085 by [[Special:Contributions/JzG|JzG]] ([[User talk:JzG|talk]]) We are attributing comments to Trump; must stick to his choice of words' |
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{{pp-move-indef|small=yes}}
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{{short description|45th president of the United States}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2019}}
<!-- See [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 17. -->
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Donald Trump official portrait.jpg<!-- DO NOT CHANGE the picture without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 1. -->
| alt = Head shot of Trump smiling in front of the U.S. flag. He is wearing a dark blue suit jacket, white shirt, light blue necktie, and American flag lapel pin.
| caption =
| order = 45th<!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] had a weak consensus to keep the status-quo of no link. -->
| office = President of the United States
| vicepresident = [[Mike Pence]]
| term_start = January 20, 2017
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Barack Obama]]
| successor =
| birth_name = Donald John Trump
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}}
| birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]]<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this location without prior consensus, do not add Jamaica, NY state or U.S. etc, please see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 2. -->
| party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–present)
| otherparty = {{plainlist|
* [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (until 1987, 2001–2009)
* [[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform]] (1999–2001)
* [[Independent politician|Independent]] (2011–2012)
}}
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Ivana Zelníčková]]|April 7, 1977|March 22, 1992|end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|December 20, 1993|June 8, 1999|end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|[[Melania Knauss]]|January 22, 2005}}
}}
| children = {{flatlist|
* [[Donald Trump Jr.|Donald Jr.]]
* [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]]
* [[Eric Trump|Eric]]
* [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]]
* [[Barron Trump|Barron]]<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this link without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 10. -->
}}
| parents = [[Fred Trump]]<br />[[Mary Anne MacLeod]]
| relatives = [[Family of Donald Trump]]
| awards = [[List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump|List of honors and awards]]
| residence = {{plainlist|
* [[White House]] (official)
* [[Mar-a-Lago]] (personal)
* [[Residences of Donald Trump|Full list]]
}}
| alma_mater = [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|The Wharton School]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]] in [[Economics|Econ.]])<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this college or diploma without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 18. -->
| net_worth = US$3.1 billion (March 2019)<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this value without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 5. -->{{efn|name=Wealth}}
| signature = Donald Trump Signature.svg
| signature_alt = Donald J Trump stylized autograph, in ink
| website = {{plainlist|
* {{URL|https://donaldjtrump.com|Official website}}
* {{URL|https://whitehouse.gov/administration/president-trump|White House website}}
}}
| nickname = "The Donald"<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2015/09/01/why-does-everyone-call-donald-trump-the-donald-its-an-interesting-story/ |title=Why does everyone call Donald Trump 'The Donald'? It's an interesting story. |last=Argetsinger |first=Amy |date=September 1, 2015 |website=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Donald Trump series}}
<!-- NOTE: Changes to the lead are regularly discussed on the talk page. PLEASE DO NOT EDIT WAR. If you make a change that is reverted, please open a discussion or contribute to an existing one, per [[WP:BRD]]. Consensus items marked "DO NOT CHANGE" require prior discussion. -->
'''Donald John Trump''' (born June 14, 1946) is the [[List of presidents of the United States#Presidents|45th]] and current [[president of the United States]]. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality.<!-- DO NOT CHANGE the first paragraph without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 17. -->
Trump was born and raised in [[Queens]], a borough of New York City, and received a [[bachelor's degree]] in economics from the [[Wharton School]]. He took charge of his family's real-estate business in 1971, renamed it [[The Trump Organization]], and expanded its operations from Queens and [[Brooklyn]] into [[Manhattan]]. The company built or renovated skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. Trump later started [[The Trump Organization#Other ventures and investments|various side ventures]], mostly by licensing his name. He produced and hosted ''[[The Apprentice (American TV series)|The Apprentice]]'', a [[reality television]] show, from 2003 to 2015. {{As of|2019}}, ''[[Forbes]]'' estimated his net worth to be $3.1 billion.{{efn|name=Wealth}}<!-- DO NOT CHANGE net worth without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 5. -->
Trump entered the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential race]] as a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] and defeated 16 other candidates in the [[2016 Republican Party presidential primaries|primaries]]. [[Political positions of Donald Trump|His political positions]] have been described as [[populist]], [[protectionist]], and [[nationalist]]. Despite not being favored in most forecasts, he was elected over [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee [[Hillary Clinton]], although he lost the popular vote. He became the [[List of presidents of the United States by age|oldest first-term U.S. president]],{{efn|[[Ronald Reagan]] was older upon his second-term inauguration.}} and the first without [[List of presidents of the United States by previous experience|prior military or government service]]. His election and policies have sparked [[Protests against Donald Trump|numerous protests]].<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 20. --> Trump has made [[Veracity of statements by Donald Trump|many false or misleading statements]] during his campaign and presidency. The statements have been documented by [[fact-checker]]s, and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics.<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 35. --> Many of his [[Racial views of Donald Trump|comments and actions]] have also been characterized as racially charged or racist.<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 30. -->
During [[Presidency of Donald Trump|his presidency]], Trump [[Executive Order 13769|ordered a travel ban]] on citizens from several Muslim-majority countries, citing security concerns; after [[Legal challenges to the Trump travel ban|legal challenges]], the Supreme Court upheld [[Presidential Proclamation 9645|the policy's third revision]].<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence IN ANY WAY without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 23. --> He enacted [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017|a tax-cut package]] for individuals and businesses, rescinding the [[individual shared responsibility provision|individual health insurance mandate]]. He appointed [[Neil Gorsuch]] and [[Brett Kavanaugh]] to the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]]. In foreign policy, Trump has pursued an [[America First (policy)|America First]] agenda, withdrawing the U.S. from the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]] trade negotiations, the [[Paris Agreement]] on climate change, and the [[United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|Iran nuclear deal]], eventually [[2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis|increasing tensions]] with the country. He [[United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel|recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel]], and [[Trump tariffs|imposed import tariffs]] triggering [[China–United States trade war|a trade war with China]].
A [[Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)|special counsel investigation]] led by [[Robert Mueller]] [[Mueller Report|found]] that Trump and [[Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign|his campaign]] welcomed and encouraged [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Russian foreign interference]] in the 2016 presidential election under the belief that it would be politically advantageous, but did not find sufficient evidence to press charges of [[Conspiracy (criminal)|criminal conspiracy]] or coordination with Russia. Mueller also investigated Trump for [[obstruction of justice]], and his report neither indicted nor exonerated Trump on that count. A [[Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump|2019 House impeachment inquiry]] found that Trump solicited [[Foreign interference in the 2020 United States elections|foreign interference in the 2020 U.S. presidential election]] from [[Trump–Ukraine scandal|Ukraine]] to help his [[Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign|re-election bid]] and then obstructed the inquiry itself. The [[United States House of Representatives|House]] [[Impeachment of Donald Trump|impeached]] Trump on December 18, 2019, for [[abuse of power]] and [[obstruction of Congress]]. The [[United States Senate|Senate]] [[Impeachment trial of Donald Trump|acquitted]] him of both charges on February 5, 2020.
{{TOC limit|3}}
== Family and personal life ==
=== Early life and education ===
[[File:Donald Trump NYMA.jpg|upright=0.7|thumb|alt=A black-and-white photograph of Donald Trump as a teenager, smiling and wearing a dark pseudo-military uniform with various badges and a light-colored stripe crossing his right shoulder|1964 yearbook photo]]
Donald John Trump was born on June 14, 1946, at the Jamaica Hospital in the borough of [[Queens]], New York City.<ref name="Birth Certificate">{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168 |title=Certificate of Birth |publisher=Department of Health – City of New York – Bureau of Records and Statistics |via=[[ABC News]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512232306/https://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168 |archivedate=May 12, 2016 |access-date=October 23, 2018}}</ref> His father was [[Frederick Christ Trump]], a Bronx-born real estate developer whose parents were German immigrants. His mother was Scottish-born housewife [[Mary Anne MacLeod Trump]]. Trump grew up in the [[Jamaica Estates, Queens|Jamaica Estates]] neighborhood of Queens and attended the [[Kew-Forest School]] from kindergarten through seventh grade.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 32]}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/us/politics/donald-trumps-old-queens-neighborhood-now-a-melting-pot-was-seen-as-a-cloister.html |title=Donald Trump's Old Queens Neighborhood Contrasts With the Diverse Area Around It |first=Jason |last=Horowitz |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 22, 2015 |accessdate=November 7, 2018}}</ref> At age 13, he was enrolled in the [[New York Military Academy]], a private boarding school.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 38]}}
In 1964, Trump enrolled at [[Fordham University]]. Two years later he transferred to the [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|Wharton School]] of the [[University of Pennsylvania]].<ref name=bostonglobe-20150828>{{cite news |first=Matt |last=Viser |title=Even in college, Donald Trump was brash |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2015/08/28/donald-trump-was-bombastic-even-wharton-business-school/3FO0j1uS5X6S8156yH3YhL/story.html |date=August 28, 2015 |accessdate=May 28, 2018}}</ref> While at Wharton, he worked at the family business, Elizabeth Trump & Son.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/03/if-donald-trump-followed-this-really-basic-advice-hed-be-a-lot-richer |title=The real reason Donald Trump is so rich |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 3, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Max |last=Ehrenfreund |url-access=limited}}</ref> He graduated in May 1968 with a [[Bachelor of Science|B.S.]] in economics.<ref name=bostonglobe-20150828 /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf |pages=19–21 |title=Two Hundred and Twelfth Commencement for the Conferring of Degrees |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania]] |date=May 20, 1968 |archivedate=July 19, 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719213709/https://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf}}</ref> Profiles of Trump published in ''The New York Times'' in 1973 and 1976 erroneously reported that he had graduated first in his class at Wharton, but he had never made the school's honor roll.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 20, 2018 |first=Avi |last=Selk |title=It's the 50th anniversary of the day Trump left college and (briefly) faced the draft |accessdate=March 3, 2019 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/05/20/its-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-day-trump-left-college-and-nearly-had-to-go-to-war/}}</ref> In 2015 Trump's lawyer [[Michael Cohen (lawyer)|Michael Cohen]] threatened Fordham University and the New York Military Academy with legal action if they released Trump's academic records.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ashford |first1=Grace |title=Michael Cohen Says Trump Told Him to Threaten Schools Not to Release Grades |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=June 9, 2019 |date=February 27, 2019}}</ref>
While in college, Trump obtained four student [[Conscription in the United States|draft]] deferments.<ref name="defer">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-avoided-vietnam-with-deferments-records-show |title=Donald Trump avoided Vietnam with deferments, records show |date=April 29, 2011 |website=[[CBS News]] |first=Brian |last=Montopoli |accessdate=July 17, 2015}}</ref> In 1966, he was deemed fit for military service based upon a medical examination, and in July 1968 a local draft board classified him as eligible to serve.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/foia/donald-trump-selective-service-draft-card.html |title=Donald John Trump's Selective Service Draft Card and Selective Service Classification Ledger |date=August 15, 2016 |website=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]] |access-date=September 23, 2019}} – via Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)</ref> In October 1968, he was medically deferred and classified {{nowrap|1-Y}} (unqualified for duty except in the case of a national emergency).<ref name="Whitlock21July">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/questions-linger-about-trumps-draft-deferments-during-vietnam-war/2015/07/21/257677bc-2fdd-11e5-8353-1215475949f4_story.html |title=Questions linger about Trump's draft deferments during Vietnam War |last=Whitlock |first=Craig |authorlink=Craig Whitlock |date=July 21, 2015 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=April 2, 2017|url-access=limited}}</ref> In 1972, he was reclassified {{nowrap|4-F}} due to bone spurs, which permanently disqualified him from service.<ref name="SE">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/02/us/politics/donald-trump-draft-record.html |title=Donald Trump's Draft Deferments: Four for College, One for Bad Feet |last1=Eder |first1=Steve |last2=Philipps |first2=Dave |author2link=David Philipps |date=August 1, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=August 2, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="emery">{{cite news |last=Emery |first=David |url=https://www.snopes.com/news/2016/08/02/donald-trumps-draft-deferments/ |title=Donald Trump's Draft Deferments |website=[[Snopes.com]] |date=August 2, 2016 |accessdate=October 16, 2018}}</ref> Trump said in 2015 that the medical deferment was due to a [[bone spur]] in a foot, though he could not remember which foot had been afflicted.<ref name="Whitlock21July"/>
=== Family ===
{{Main|Family of Donald Trump}}
{{Further|Trump family}}
[[File:Trump Family Hand Up.jpg|thumb|[[Inauguration of Donald Trump|Trump is sworn in]] as president by Chief Justice [[John Roberts]] on January 20, 2017: Trump, wife [[Melania Trump|Melania]], and his children [[Donald Trump Jr.|Donald Jr.]], [[Barron Trump|Barron]], [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]], [[Eric Trump|Eric]], and [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]].]]
Trump's father, Fred, was born in 1905 in [[the Bronx]]. He started working with his mother in real estate when he was 15. Their company, "E. Trump & Son", founded in 1923,<ref name="Blair1">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PmrwtRTQ3fMC&pg=PA120 |title=The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire |isbn=978-0-7432-1079-9 |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]]|location=New York City|date=December 4, 2001 |page=120}}</ref> was active in the [[Boroughs of New York City|New York boroughs]] of [[Queens]] and [[Brooklyn]], building and selling thousands of houses, barracks, and apartments.<ref name=dad>{{cite news |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |date=August 24, 2015 |title=The Man Who Made Trump Who He Is |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/the-man-who-made-trump-who-he-is-121647 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref> In spite of his [[German Americans|German ancestry]], Fred claimed to be Swedish amid the [[anti-German sentiment]] sparked by World War II; Trump repeated this claim until the 1990s.<ref name="CNN Swedish">{{cite news |title=Trump's family denied German heritage for years |first=Jennifer |last=Hansler |date=November 28, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/28/politics/trump-family-heritage/index.html}}</ref> Trump's mother Mary Anne MacLeod was born in Scotland.<ref name=Pilon>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump's Immigrant Mother |first=Mary |last=Pilon |authorlink=Mary Pilon |date=June 24, 2016 |work=[[The New Yorker]] |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/donald-trumps-immigrant-mother |accessdate=April 2, 2017}}</ref> Fred and Mary were married in 1936 and raised their family in Queens.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Ancestral German Home of the Trumps |first=Sally |last=McGrane |date=April 29, 2016 |work=[[The New Yorker]] |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-ancestral-german-home-of-the-trumps |accessdate=April 2, 2017}}</ref> Trump grew up with three elder siblings{{snd}}[[Maryanne Trump Barry|Maryanne]], Fred Jr., and Elizabeth{{snd}}and younger brother Robert.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=April 11, 2019 |first=Ashley |last=Collman |title=Meet Donald Trump's siblings, the oldest of whom just retired as a federal judge |accessdate=November 2, 2019 |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-sibling-bios-judge-sister-alcoholic-brother-retirees-2018-10}}</ref>
In 1977, Trump married [[Czechs|Czech]] model [[Ivana Zelníčková]].{{sfn|Blair|2015|p=300}} They have three children, [[Donald Trump Jr.|Donald Jr.]] (born 1977), [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] (born 1981), and [[Eric Trump|Eric]] (born 1984), and ten grandchildren.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nbcmontana.com/news/nation-world/lara-and-eric-trump-welcome-second-child |title=Lara and Eric Trump welcome second child |work=[[NBC Montana]] |date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=August 21, 2019}}</ref> Ivana became a naturalized United States citizen in 1988.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Lewiston Journal]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |via=Google News |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1899&dat=19880527&id=LiEgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YmYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5053,3823442 |title=Ivana Trump becomes U.S. citizen |date=May 27, 1988 |accessdate=August 21, 2015}}</ref> The couple divorced in 1992, following Trump's affair with actress [[Marla Maples]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/16/ivana-trump-write-memoir-about-raising-us-presidents-donald-children |title=Ivana Trump to write memoir about raising US president's children |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=March 16, 2017 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref> Maples and Trump married in 1993<ref>{{cite news |last=Capuzzo |first=Mike |title=Marla Finally Becomes Mrs. Trump It Was 'Paparazzi' Aplenty And Glitz Galore As The Couple Pledged Their Troth. |newspaper=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date=December 21, 1993 |accessdate=June 20, 2019 |url=http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25940050_1_donald-trump-ivana-storybook-wedding |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119050108/http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25940050_1_donald-trump-ivana-storybook-wedding |archivedate=January 19, 2016}}</ref> and had one daughter, [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] (born 1993).<ref name=Slate07202016>{{cite news |last=Graham |first=Ruth |date=July 20, 2016 |title=Tiffany Trump's Sad, Vague Tribute to Her Distant Father |url=https://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2016/07/20/tiffany_trump_s_sad_vague_rnc_speech.html |newspaper=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref> They were divorced in 1999,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20723536,00.html |title=Marla Maples Still Loves Donald Trump |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |first=Sheila Cosgrove |last=Baylis |date=August 7, 2013 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref> and Tiffany was raised by Marla in California.<ref name=NYT-20161002>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/02/fashion/tiffany-the-other-trump.html |title=The Other Trump |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Alessandra |last=Stanley |authorlink=Alessandra Stanley |date=October 1, 2016 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref> In 2005, Trump married [[Slovenia]]n model [[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]].<ref name=Post52208>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A40186-2005Jan26.html |title=Donald Trump, Settling Down |work=[[The Washington Post]] |first=Tina |last=Brown |authorlink=Tina Brown |date=January 27, 2005 |accessdate=May 7, 2017}}</ref> They have one son, [[Barron Trump|Barron]] (born 2006).<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump Fast Facts |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/07/04/us/donald-trump-fast-facts/ |accessdate=March 10, 2015 |website=[[CNN]] |date=March 7, 2014}}</ref> Melania gained U.S. citizenship in 2006.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gunter |first=Joel |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43256318 |title=What is the Einstein visa? And how did Melania Trump get one? |date=March 2, 2018 |access-date=August 2, 2019 |website=BBC}}</ref>
=== Religion ===
Trump is a [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] and as a child was confirmed at the [[First Presbyterian Church in Jamaica|First Presbyterian Church]] in Jamaica, Queens.<ref name="BarronNYT">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/06/nyregion/donald-trump-marble-collegiate-church-norman-vincent-peale.html |title=Overlooked Influences on Donald Trump: A Famous Minister and His Church |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=James |last=Barron |authorlink=James Barron (journalist) |date=September 5, 2016 |accessdate=October 13, 2016}}</ref> In the 1970s, his parents joined the [[Marble Collegiate Church]] in Manhattan.<ref name="WaPo.March.18.17">{{cite news |last=Schwartzman |first=Paul |title=How Trump got religion – and why his legendary minister's son now rejects him |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/how-trump-got-religion--and-why-his-legendary-ministers-son-now-rejects-him/2016/01/21/37bae16e-bb02-11e5-829c-26ffb874a18d_story.html |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 21, 2016}}</ref> The pastor at Marble, [[Norman Vincent Peale]],<ref name="BarronNYT"/> ministered to Trump's family and mentored him until Peale's death in 1993.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA81 81]}}<ref name="WaPo.March.18.17" />
While campaigning, Trump referred to ''[[The Art of the Deal]]'' as his second favorite book saying, "Nothing beats the [[Bible]]."<ref name=Weigel11Aug>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/08/11/in-michigan-trump-attacks-china-critiques-auto-bailout-and-judges-bernie-sanders-weak/ |title=In Michigan, Trump attacks China, critiques auto bailout, and judges Bernie Sanders 'weak' |date=August 11, 2015 |accessdate=August 22, 2015 |first=David |last=Weigel |authorlink=David Weigel}}</ref> In November 2019, Trump appointed his personal pastor, controversial televangelist [[Paula White]], to the White House Office of Public Liaison.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 31, 2019 |first1=Jeremy W. |last1=Peters |author1link=Jeremy W. Peters |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman |title=Paula White, Trump's Personal Pastor, Joins the White House |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/paula-white-trump.html}}</ref>
=== Health and lifestyle ===
Trump [[teetotalism|abstains from alcohol]], a reaction to his older brother Fred Trump Jr.'s [[alcoholism]] and early death.<ref name="nytimesalc">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/03/us/politics/for-donald-trump-lessons-from-a-brothers-suffering.html |title=For Donald Trump, Lessons From a Brother's Suffering |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |last=Horowitz |first=Jason |date=January 2, 2016 |accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref> He stated that he has never smoked cigarettes or [[cannabis]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Part 2: Donald Trump on 'Watters' World' |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fN5OLqxNqc |accessdate=September 4, 2016 |work=Watters' World |publisher=[[Fox News]] |date=February 6, 2016 |quote=Watters: "Have you ever smoked weed?" Trump: "No, I have not. I have not. I would tell you one hundred percent because everyone else seems to admit it nowadays, so I would actually tell you. This is almost like, it's almost like 'Hey, it's a sign'. No, I have never. I have never smoked a cigarette, either."}}</ref> He likes [[fast food]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Parker |first=Ashley |authorlink=Ashley Parker |title=Donald Trump's Diet: He'll Have Fries With That |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/09/us/politics/donald-trump-diet.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=June 10, 2019 |date=August 8, 2016}}</ref> He has said he prefers three to four hours of sleep per night.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump is the poster child of sleep deprivation: Arianna Huffington |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/17/donald-trump-is-poster-child-of-sleep-deprivation-arianna-huffington.html |website=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=June 10, 2019 |date=January 17, 2017 |first1=Sam |last1=Meredith |first2=Tania |last2=Bryer |author2link=Tania Bryer}}</ref> He has called golfing his "primary form of exercise",<ref>{{cite tweet |user=realDonaldTrump |author-link=Donald Trump |number=1018068353305411584 |title=I have arrived in Scotland and will be at Trump Turnberry for two days of meetings, calls and hopefully, some golf – my primary form of exercise! The weather is beautiful, and this place is incredible! Tomorrow I go to Helsinki for a Monday meeting with Vladimir Putin. |date=July 14, 2018 |access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref> although he usually does not walk the course.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2018/07/14/donald-trump-exercise-golf-cart-turnberry-110166/ |title=Donald Trump says he gets most of his exercise from golf, then uses cart at Turnberry |work=Golf News Net |date=July 14, 2018 |access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref> He considers exercise a waste of energy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/07/politics/trump-health/index.html |title=Ahead of annual physical, Trump has not followed doctor's orders |website=[[CNN]] |first1=Jeremy |last1=Diamond |first2=Kevin |last2=Liptak |date=February 7, 2019 |quote=Nearly a dozen White House officials and sources close to Trump said they don't believe he's set foot in the fitness room in the White House residence, maintaining his view that exercise would be a waste of the energy he has always touted as one of his best attributes.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/trump-thinks-that-exercising-too-much-uses-up-the-bodys-finite-energy/2017/05/12/bb0b9bda-365d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html |title=Trump thinks that exercising too much uses up the body's finite energy |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 12, 2017 |quote=Trump mostly gave up athletics after college because he "believed the human body was like a battery, with a finite amount of energy, which exercise only depleted".}}</ref>
In December 2015, [[Harold Bornstein]], who had been Trump's personal physician since 1980, wrote in a letter that he would "be the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/dr-harold-bornstein-trump-wrote-health-letter_us_5ae8f5f7e4b06748dc8d591f |title=Trump's Doctor Says Trump Basically Wrote That Glowing Health Letter: Report |last=Herreria |first=Carla |date=May 1, 2018 |work=[[HuffPost]] |accessdate=October 10, 2018}}</ref> In May 2018, Bornstein said Trump himself had dictated the contents of the letter,<ref>{{cite news |first1=Alex |last1=Marquardt |first2=Lawrence III |last2=Crook |title=Bornstein claims Trump dictated the glowing health letter |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/harold-bornstein-trump-letter/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 1, 2018 |accessdate=May 20, 2018}}</ref> and that three Trump agents had removed his medical records in February 2017 without due authorization.<ref name="Schechter">{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351 |title=Trump doctor Harold Bornstein says bodyguard, lawyer 'raided' his office, took medical files |last=Schecter |first=Anna |date=May 1, 2018 |work=[[NBC News]] |accessdate=June 6, 2019}}</ref>
In January 2018, White House physician [[Ronny Jackson]] said Trump was in excellent health and that his cardiac assessment revealed no issues.<ref name=time-20180117>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/5105096/donald-trump-physical-exam-transcript/ |first=Jamie |last=Ducharme |title=The White House Doctor Called President Trump's Health 'Excellent'. Here's the Full Summary of His Physical Exam |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=January 17, 2018 |accessdate=January 18, 2018}}</ref> Several outside cardiologists commented that Trump's 2018 [[Low-density lipoprotein|LDL cholesterol]] level of 143 did not indicate excellent health.<ref name=nyt-20180117>{{cite news |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Gina |last2=Kolata |author2link=Gina Kolata |title=Trump's Physical Revealed Serious Heart Concerns, Outside Experts Say |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/17/us/politics/trump-physical-heart-health-cholesterol.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 17, 2018 |accessdate=June 3, 2018}}</ref> In February 2019, after a new examination, White House physician [[Sean Conley]] said Trump was in "very good health overall", although he was clinically [[obese]].<ref name="obese">{{cite news |last1=Howard |first1=Jacqueline |last2=Liptak |first2=Kevin |title=Trump in 'very good health overall' but obese, according to physical exam results |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/14/health/trump-physical-results-2019-bn/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=February 15, 2019 |date=February 14, 2019}}</ref> His 2019 [[coronary CT calcium scan]] score indicates he suffers from a form of [[coronary artery disease]] common for white men of his age.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Sanjay |title=President Trump has a common form of heart disease |date=February 1, 2018 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/17/health/trump-heart-disease-gupta/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=June 10, 2019}}</ref>
=== Wealth ===
{{Main|Wealth of Donald Trump}}
{{See also|Tax returns of Donald Trump}}
In 1982, Trump was listed on the initial ''[[Forbes]]'' list of wealthy individuals as having a share of his family's estimated $200 million net worth. His financial losses in the 1980s caused him to be dropped from the list between 1990 and 1995.<ref name=OBrien2005Oct>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/23/business/yourmoney/whats-he-really-worth.html |title=What's He Really Worth? |first=Timothy L. |last=O'Brien |authorlink=Timothy L. O'Brien |accessdate=February 25, 2016 |date=October 23, 2005 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In its 2019 [[billionaire]]s ranking, ''Forbes'' estimated Trump's net worth at $3.1 billion<!-- DO NOT CHANGE without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 5. -->{{efn|name=Wealth|This estimate is by ''Forbes'' in their annual ranking. [[Bloomberg Billionaires Index]] listed Trump's net worth as $2.97 billion in June 2019,<ref name="BBI">{{cite news |title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index–Donald Trump |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/donald-j-trump/ |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 19, 2019}}</ref> and Wealth-X listed it as at least $3.2 billion in April 2019.<ref name="WX">{{cite web |title=Donald John Trump–Wealth-X Dossier |url=https://www.wealthx.com/dossier/donald-john-trump/ |website=Wealth-X |access-date=May 9, 2019 |archivedate=April 18, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418084832/https://www.wealthx.com/dossier/donald-john-trump/}}</ref>}} (715th in the world, 259th in the U.S.)<ref name="forbes-2019-billionaires">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/donald-trump/?list=billionaires |title=#715 Donald Trump |magazine=[[Forbes]] |year=2019 |accessdate=March 5, 2019}}</ref> making him one of the [[List of richest American politicians|richest politicians in American history]] and the first billionaire American president.<ref name="forbes-2019-billionaires"/> During the three years since Trump announced his presidential run in 2015, Forbes estimated his net worth declined 31% and his ranking fell 138 spots.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-forbes-wealthiest-people-in-the-us-list-2018-10 |title=Trump has fallen 138 spots on Forbes' wealthiest-Americans list, his net worth down over $1 billion, since he announced his presidential bid in 2015 |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=October 3, 2018 |first=John |last=Walsh |accessdate=October 3, 2018}}</ref> When he filed mandatory financial disclosure forms with the [[Federal Elections Commission]] (FEC) in July 2015, Trump claimed a net worth of about $10 billion;<ref name="financial-pr">{{cite web |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/images/uploads/DJT_PFD_Statement_(1).pdf |title=Donald J. Trump Files Personal Financial Disclosure Statement With Federal Election Commission |first1=Corey R. |last1=Lewandowski |author1link=Corey Lewandowski |first2=Hope |last2=Hicks |author2link=Hope Hicks |date=July 15, 2015 |accessdate=March 8, 2016 |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309043101/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/images/uploads/DJT_PFD_Statement_%281%29.pdf}}</ref> however FEC figures cannot corroborate this estimate because they only show each of his largest buildings as being worth over $50 million, yielding total assets worth more than $1.4 billion and debt over $265 million.<ref name="Yahoo News FEC"/> Trump said in a 2007 deposition, "My net worth fluctuates, and it goes up and down with markets and with attitudes and with feelings, even my own feelings."<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 10, 2016 |first1=David A. |last1=Fahrenthold |author1link=David Fahrenthold |first2=Robert Jr. |last2=O'Harrow |title=Trump: A True Story |accessdate=October 14, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/2016-election/trump-lies/}}</ref>
[[File:Ivana Trump shakes hands with Fahd of Saudi Arabia.jpg|thumb|Trump with King [[Fahd of Saudi Arabia]], U.S. president [[Ronald Reagan]], and his first wife [[Ivana Trump]] in 1985]]
Journalist Jonathan Greenberg reported in April 2018 that Trump, using a pseudonym "[[Pseudonyms of Donald Trump|John Barron]]", called him in 1984 to falsely assert that he owned "in excess of ninety percent" of the Trump family's business, in an effort to secure a higher ranking on the [[Forbes 400]] list of wealthy Americans. Greenberg also wrote that ''Forbes'' had vastly overestimated Trump's wealth and wrongly included him on the Forbes 400 rankings of 1982, 1983, and 1984.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 20, 2018 |first=Jonathan |last=Greenberg |title=Trump lied to me about his wealth to get onto the Forbes 400. Here are the tapes. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/trump-lied-to-me-about-his-wealth-to-get-onto-the-forbes-400-here-are-the-tapes/2018/04/20/ac762b08-4287-11e8-8569-26fda6b404c7_story.html}}</ref>
Trump has often said he began his career with "a small loan of one million dollars" from his father, and that he had to pay it back with interest.<ref name="small-loan">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/26/donald-trump-my-dad-gave-me-a-small-loan-of-1-million-to-get-started.html |title=Donald Trump: My dad gave me 'a small loan' of $1 million to get started |website=[[CNBC]] |first=Scott |last=Stump |date=October 26, 2015 |accessdate=November 13, 2016}}</ref> In October 2018, ''The New York Times'' reported that Trump "was a millionaire by age 8", borrowed at least $60 million from his father, largely failed to reimburse him, and had received $413 million (adjusted for inflation) from his father's business empire over his lifetime.<ref name="takeaways">{{cite news |last1=Barstow |first1=David |author1link=David Barstow |last2=Craig |first2=Susanne |author2link=Susanne Craig |last3=Buettner |first3=Russ |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-wealth-fred-trump.html |title=11 Takeaways From The Times's Investigation Into Trump's Wealth |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 2, 2018 |accessdate=October 3, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Tax_Schemes">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html |title=Trump Engaged in Suspect Tax Schemes as He Reaped Riches From His Father |work=[[The New York Times]] |last1=Barstow |first1=David |author1link=David Barstow |last2=Craig |first2=Susanne |author2link=Susanne Craig |last3=Buettner |first3=Russ |date=October 2, 2018 |accessdate=October 2, 2018}}</ref> According to the report, Trump and his family committed tax fraud, which a lawyer for Trump denied. The tax department of New York says it is "vigorously pursuing all appropriate avenues of investigation" into it.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[USA Today]] |first1=Jon |last1=Campbell |first2=Joseph |last2=Spector |title=New York could levy hefty penalties if Trump tax fraud is proven |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/10/03/new-york-trump-tax-fraud/1512265002/ |date=October 3, 2018 |accessdate=October 5, 2018}}</ref><ref name="AP2018-12-16"/> Analyses by ''[[The Economist]]'' and ''The Washington Post'' have concluded that Trump's investments underperformed the stock market.<ref name="econ_From">{{cite news |title=From the Tower to the White House |work=[[The Economist]] |date=February 20, 2016 |accessdate=February 29, 2016 |url=https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21693230-enigma-presidential-candidates-business-affairs-tower-white |quote=Mr Trump's performance has been mediocre compared with the stockmarket and property in New York.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Ana |last=Swanson |title=The myth and the reality of Donald Trump's business empire |date=February 29, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/02/29/the-myth-and-the-reality-of-donald-trumps-business-empire/}}</ref> Forbes estimated in October 2018 that the value of Trump's personal brand licensing business had declined by 88% since 2015, to $3 million.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/02/trump-forbes-400-spot-tumbles-as-net-worth-declines.html |title=Trump tumbles down the Forbes 400 as his net worth takes major hit |first=Kevin |last=Breuninger |date=October 2, 2018 |website=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=January 4, 2019}}</ref>
Trump's tax returns from 1985 to 1994 show net losses totaling $1.17 billion over the ten-year period, in contrast to his claims about his financial health and business abilities. ''The New York Times'' reported that "year after year, Mr. Trump appears to have lost more money than nearly any other individual American taxpayer", and Trump's "core business losses in 1990 and 1991{{snd}}more than $250 million each year{{snd}}were more than double those of the nearest taxpayers in the I.R.S. information for those years". In 1995 his reported losses were $915.7 million.<ref name=Buettner-190508>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Decade in the Red: Trump Tax Figures Show Over $1 Billion in Business Losses |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 8, 2019 |accessdate=May 8, 2019 |first=Russ |last=Buettner |first2=Susanne |last2=Craig |author2link=Susanne Craig}}</ref><ref name=Friedersdorf-190508>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/05/trump-taxes/588967/ |title=The Secret That Was Hiding in Trump's Taxes |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=May 8, 2019 |accessdate=May 8, 2019 |first=Conor |last=Friedersdorf |authorlink=Conor Friedersdorf}}</ref>
== Business career ==
{{Main|Business career of Donald Trump}}
{{Further|Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia}}
=== Real estate ===
[[File:Trump Tower - lower part.jpg|thumb|upright|Distinctive façade of [[Trump Tower]], headquarters of the Trump Organization, in [[Midtown Manhattan]]]]
Trump began his career in 1968 at his father Fred's real estate development company, E. Trump & Son, which owned middle-class rental housing in New York City's outer boroughs.{{sfn|Trump|Schwartz|2009|p=46}}<ref name=Mahler /> In 1971, he was named president of the family company and renamed it [[The Trump Organization]].{{sfn|Blair|2015b|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA250 250]}}
==== Manhattan developments ====
Trump attracted public attention in 1978 with the launch of his family's first Manhattan venture, the renovation of the derelict [[Grand Hyatt New York|Commodore Hotel]], adjacent to [[Grand Central Terminal]]. The financing was facilitated by a $400 million city property tax abatement arranged by Fred Trump,<ref>{{cite news |first=Frank |last=Rich |authorlink=Frank Rich |title=The Original Donald Trump |url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/04/frank-rich-roy-cohn-the-original-donald-trump.html |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |date=April 29, 2018 |accessdate=May 8, 2018}}</ref> who also joined Hyatt in guaranteeing $70 million in bank construction financing.<ref name="Kessler160303">{{cite news |first=Glenn |last=Kessler |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |title=Trump's false claim he built his empire with a 'small loan' from his father |date=March 3, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father}}</ref>{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA84 84]}} The hotel reopened in 1980 as the [[Grand Hyatt New York|Grand Hyatt Hotel]],{{sfn|Wooten|2009|pp=32–35}} and that same year, Trump obtained rights to develop [[Trump Tower]], a [[Mixed-use development|mixed-use]] skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Expanding Empire of Donald Trump |date=April 8, 1984 |first=William |last=Geist |authorlink=Bill Geist |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/08/magazine/the-expanding-empire-of-donald-trump.html}}</ref> The building houses the headquarters of the Trump Organization and was Trump's primary residence until 2019.<ref name="TrumpTowerResidence1">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/09/nyregion/donald-trump-new-york-protests.html |title=Donald Trump Loves New York. But It Doesn't Love Him Back. |first=Alexander |last=Burns |authorlink=Alex Burns (journalist) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 9, 2016 |accessdate=December 9, 2016}}</ref><ref name=moved>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html |title=Trump, Lifelong New Yorker, Declares Himself a Resident of Florida |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |last=Haberman |first=Maggie |authorlink=Maggie Haberman |date=October 31, 2019 |accessdate=January 24, 2020}}</ref>
In 1988, Trump acquired the [[Plaza Hotel]] in Manhattan with a loan of $425 million from a consortium of banks. Two years later, the hotel filed for bankruptcy protection, and a reorganization plan was approved in 1992.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's Plaza Hotel bankruptcy plan approved |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 12, 1992 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html |agency=[[Reuters]] |accessdate=July 18, 2019}}</ref> In 1995, Trump lost the hotel to Citibank and investors from Singapore and Saudi Arabia, who assumed $300 million of the debt.<ref name="NYT-19950412">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html |title=Trump Is Selling Plaza Hotel To Saudi and Asian Investors |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first1=David |last1=Stout |author1link=David Stout |first2=Kenneth |last2=Gilpin |date=April 12, 1995 |accessdate=July 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Satow |first=Julie |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-05-23/that-time-trump-sold-the-plaza-hotel-at-an-83-million-loss |title=That Time Trump Sold the Plaza Hotel at an $83 Million Loss |website=Bloomberg |date=May 23, 2019 |accessdate=July 18, 2019}}</ref>
In 1996, Trump acquired a vacant 71-story skyscraper at [[40 Wall Street]]. After an extensive renovation, the high-rise was renamed the Trump Building.{{sfn|Wooten|2009|pp=81–82}} In the early 1990s, Trump won the right to develop a {{convert|70|acre|ha|adj=on}} tract in the [[Lincoln Square, Manhattan|Lincoln Square]] neighborhood near the [[Hudson River]]. Struggling with debt from other ventures in 1994, Trump sold most of his interest in the project to Asian investors who were able to finance completion of the project, [[Riverside South, Manhattan|Riverside South]]. Trump temporarily retained a partial stake in an adjacent site along with other investors.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/01/nyregion/trump-group-selling-west-side-parcel-for-1.8-billion.html |title=Trump Group Selling West Side Parcel for $1.8 billion |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 1, 2005 |accessdate=May 17, 2016}}</ref>
==== Palm Beach estate ====
{{Main|Mar-a-Lago}}
[[File:Mar-a-lago in 2009.jpg|thumb|Mar-a-Lago in 2009]]
In 1985, Trump acquired the [[Mar-a-Lago]] estate in [[Palm Beach, Florida]].<ref name="CP-W">{{cite news |last=Peterson-Withorn |first=Chase |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2018/04/23/donald-trump-has-gained-more-than-100-million-on-mar-a-lago/#2fbdf3da5adc |title=Donald Trump Has Gained More Than $100 Million On Mar-a-Lago |work=[[Forbes]] |date=April 23, 2018 |accessdate=July 4, 2018}}</ref> Trump used a wing of the estate as a home, while converting the remainder into a private club with an initiation fee and annual dues.<ref name="town&countryprice">{{cite web |url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/home-decor/a7144/mar-a-lago-history/ |title=A History of Mar-a-Lago, Donald Trump's American Castle |last=Dangremond |first=Sam |date=December 22, 2017 |website=[[Town & Country (magazine)|Town & Country]] |accessdate=July 3, 2018}}</ref> The initiation fee was $100,000 until 2016; it was doubled to $200,000 in January 2017.<ref name="samD10-9-17">{{cite web |last=Dangremond |first=Sam |url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/a9606/mar-a-lago-facts/ |title=Here's What We Know About the Membership of Mar-a-Lago |website=[[Town & Country (magazine)|Town & Country]] |date=October 9, 2017 |accessdate=July 4, 2018}}</ref> On September 27, 2019, Trump declared Mar-a-Lago his primary residence.<ref name = moved/>
==== Atlantic City casinos ====
In 1984, Trump opened [[Harrah's at Trump Plaza]] hotel and casino in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]] with financing from the [[Holiday Corporation]], who also managed the operation. Gambling had been legalized there in 1977 in an effort to revitalize the once-popular seaside destination.{{sfn|Wooten|2009|pp=57–58}} Soon after it opened the casino was renamed "Trump Plaza", but the property's poor financial results worsened tensions between Holiday and Trump, who paid Holiday $70 million in May 1986 to take sole control of the property.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA128 128]}} Earlier, Trump had also acquired a partially completed building in Atlantic City from the [[Hilton Worldwide|Hilton Corporation]] for $320 million. Upon its completion in 1985, that hotel and casino was called [[Golden Nugget Atlantic City|Trump Castle]]. Trump's then-wife [[Ivana Trump|Ivana]] managed it until 1988.{{sfn|Wooten|2009|pp=59–60}}{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA137 137]}}
[[File:Trump Taj Mahal, 2007.jpg|thumb|alt=The entrance of the Trump Taj Mahal, a casino in Atlantic City. It has motifs evocative of the Taj Mahal in India.|Entrance of the [[Trump Taj Mahal]] in [[Atlantic City]]]]
Trump acquired a third casino in Atlantic City, the [[Taj Mahal casino|Taj Mahal]], in 1988 in a highly leveraged transaction.<ref>{{cite news |title=Seven Acquisitive Executives Who Made Business News in 1988: Donald Trump–Trump Organization; The Artist of the Deal Turns Sour into Sweet |last=Cuff |first=Daniel |date=December 18, 1988 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/27/business/seven-acquisitive-executives-who-made-business-1988-donald-trump-trump.html |accessdate=May 27, 2011 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> It was financed with $675 million in [[junk bonds]] and completed at a cost of $1.1 billion, opening in April 1990.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/08/business/trump-s-taj-open-at-last-with-a-scary-appetite.html |title=Trump's Taj – Open at Last, With a Scary Appetite |date=April 8, 1990 |last=Glynn |first=Lenny |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=August 14, 2016}}</ref><ref name=UPI9April>{{cite news |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/04/09/Trump-reaches-agreement-with-bondholders-on-Taj-Mahal/7261671169600/ |title=Trump reaches agreement with bondholders on Taj Mahal |website=[[United Press International]] |date=April 9, 1991 |accessdate=March 21, 2016}}</ref>{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA135 135]}} The project went bankrupt the following year,<ref name = UPI9April/> and the reorganization left Trump with only half his initial ownership stake and required him to pledge personal guarantees of future performance.<ref name="NYTimes">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/05/business/company-news-taj-mahal-is-out-of-bankruptcy.html |title=Taj Mahal is out of Bankruptcy |accessdate=May 22, 2008 |date=October 5, 1991}}</ref> Facing "enormous debt", he gave up control of his money-losing airline, [[Trump Shuttle]], and sold his {{convert|282|ft|m|adj=mid}} mega yacht, the ''[[Trump Princess]]'', which had been indefinitely docked in Atlantic City while leased to his casinos for use by wealthy gamblers.<ref name=Hylton>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/11/business/trump-is-reportedly-selling-yacht.html |title=Trump Is Reportedly Selling Yacht |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 11, 1990 |accessdate=July 3, 2018 |last=Hylton |first=Richard}}</ref>{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA132 132–133]}}
In 1995, Trump founded [[Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts]] (THCR), which assumed ownership of Trump Plaza, Trump Castle, and the [[Majestic Star II|Trump Casino]] in [[Gary, Indiana]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Plaza casino stock trades today on Big Board |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Floyd |last=Norris |authorlink=Floyd Norris |date=June 7, 1995 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/07/business/trump-plaza-casino-stock-trades-today-on-big-board.html |accessdate=December 14, 2014}}</ref> THCR purchased the Taj Mahal in 1996 and underwent successive bankruptcies in 2004, 2009, and 2014, leaving Trump with only ten percent ownership.<ref name=McQuade16Aug>{{cite news |url=https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ |title=The Truth About the Rise and Fall of Donald Trump's Atlantic City Empire |work=[[Philadelphia (magazine)|Philadelphia]] |date=August 16, 2015 |accessdate=March 21, 2016 |first=Dan |last=McQuade}}</ref> He remained chairman of THCR until 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2016/03/10/trump-hotel-casinos-pay-failure/ |title=How Donald Trump Made Millions Off His Biggest Business Failure |last=Tully |first=Shawn |date=March 10, 2016 |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |accessdate=May 6, 2018}}</ref>
==== Golf courses ====
{{Main|Donald Trump and golf}}
[[File:Trump Turnberry Hotel - geograph.org.uk - 5273443.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A golf course. In the background is the Turnberry Hotel, a two-story hotel with white façade and a red roof.|[[Turnberry Hotel]] and golf course in [[Ayrshire]], Scotland]]
The Trump Organization began acquiring and constructing golf courses in 1999.<ref name=CNNMoney>{{cite news |last=Garcia |first=Ahiza |title=Trump's 17 golf courses teed up: Everything you need to know |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/12/29/news/donald-trump-golf-courses/index.html |accessdate=January 21, 2018 |website=[[CNN Money]] |date=December 29, 2016}}</ref> It owned 16 golf courses and resorts worldwide and operated another two {{as of|lc=y|December 2016}}. According to Trump's FEC personal financial disclosure, his 2015 golf and resort revenue amounted to $382 million.<ref name="cnn-20160519">{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/05/18/news/trump-finances/ |title=A peek at Donald Trump's finances |first1=Cristina |last1=Alesci |author1link=Cristina Alesci |first2=Laurie |last2=Frankel |first3=Jeanne |last3=Sahadi |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 19, 2016 |accessdate=May 20, 2016}}</ref>
From his inauguration until the end of 2019, Trump spent around one out of every five days at one of his golf clubs.<ref>{{cite news |first=Betsy |last=Klein |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/12/31/politics/trump-golfing-vacation/index.html|title=Trump spent 1 of every 5 days in 2019 at a golf club|website=[[CNN]] |date=December 31, 2019|access-date=February 22, 2020}}</ref>
=== Branding and licensing ===
{{See also|List of things named after Donald Trump}}
[[File:Chicago September 2016-2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)|Trump International Hotel and Tower]] in Chicago]]
After the Trump Organization's financial losses in the early 1990s, it refocused its business on branding and licensing the Trump name for building projects that are owned and operated by other people and companies.<ref name="NYer Branding">{{cite web |last1=Cassidy |first1=John |title=Donald Trump's Business Failures Were Very Real |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/donald-trumps-business-failures-were-very-real |newspaper=[[The New Yorker]] |date=May 10, 2019|accessdate=November 9, 2019 |ref=May 20, 2019}}</ref> In the late 2000s and early 2010s, it expanded this branding and management business to [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (disambiguation)|hotel towers]] to locations around the world, including [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)|Chicago]]; [[Trump International Hotel Las Vegas|Las Vegas]]; [[Old Post Office Pavilion|Washington, D.C.]]; [[Trump Ocean Club International Hotel and Tower|Panama City]]; [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Toronto)|Toronto]]; and [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Vancouver)|Vancouver]]. There were also Trump-branded buildings in Dubai, [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Honolulu)|Honolulu]], [[Trump Towers Istanbul|Istanbul]], Manila, Mumbai, and Indonesia.<ref name="Forbes-20170320">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferwang/2017/03/20/these-foreign-businessmen-are-paying-donald-trump-the-most-money/ |title=From Manila to Hawaii, Meet The Licensing Partners Who Paid Trump The Most |work=[[Forbes]] |first=Jennifer |last=Wang |date=March 20, 2017 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref>
The Trump name has also been licensed for various consumer products and services, including foodstuffs, apparel, adult learning courses, and home furnishings.<ref name="overseas">{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Michelle Ye Hee |title=How many Trump products were made overseas? Here's the complete list. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/26/how-many-trump-products-were-made-overseas-heres-the-complete-list/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 26, 2016 |access-date=May 17, 2019}}</ref><ref name="neckties">{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 13, 2018 |first1=Zane |last1=Anthony |first2=Kathryn |last2=Sanders |first3=David A. |last3=Fahrenthold |author3link=David Fahrenthold |title=Whatever happened to Trump neckties? They're over. So is most of Trump's merchandising empire. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html}}</ref> According to an analysis by ''The Washington Post'', there are more than fifty licensing or management deals involving Trump's name, which have generated at least $59 million in yearly revenue for his companies.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Aaron |last1=Williams |first2=Anu |last2=Narayanswamy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/world/trump-worldwide-licensing/ |title=How Trump has made millions by selling his name |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 25, 2017 |accessdate=December 12, 2017}}</ref> By 2018 only two consumer goods companies continued to license his name.<ref name="neckties"/>
=== Lawsuits and bankruptcies ===
{{Main|Legal affairs of Donald Trump|List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump}}
{{As of|April 2018}}, Trump and his businesses had been involved in more than 4,000 state and federal legal actions, according to a running tally by ''[[USA Today]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dive into Donald Trump's thousands of lawsuits |url=https://www.usatoday.com/pages/interactives/trump-lawsuits/ |accessdate=April 17, 2018 |work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> {{As of|2016}}, he or one of his companies had been the plaintiff in 1,900 cases and the defendant in 1,450.<ref name="USATodayAnalysis">{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Trump's 3,500 lawsuits unprecedented for a presidential nominee |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/06/01/donald-trump-lawsuits-legal-battles/84995854/ |accessdate=June 2, 2016 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=June 2, 2016 |first1=Nick |last1=Penzenstadler |first2=Susan |last2=Page |author2link=Susan Page |quote=About 100 additional disputes centered on other issues at the casinos. Trump and his enterprises have been named in almost 700 personal-injury claims and about 165 court disputes with government agencies ... Due to his branding value, Trump is determined to defend his name and reputation.}}</ref>
While Trump has not filed for [[personal bankruptcy]], his over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York filed for [[Chapter 11 bankruptcy]] protection six times between 1991 and 2009.<ref name="CO">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ |first=Clare |last=O'Connor |title=Fourth Time's A Charm: How Donald Trump Made Bankruptcy Work For Him |work=[[Forbes]] |date=April 29, 2011 |accessdate=February 19, 2015}}</ref><ref name="TW">{{cite news |last=Winter|first=Tom|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-bankruptcy-math-doesn-t-add-n598376|title=4Trump Bankruptcy Math Doesn't Add Up|work=[[NBC]] |date=June 24, 2016 |accessdate=February 26, 2020}}</ref> They continued to operate while the banks restructured debt and reduced Trump's shares in the properties.<ref name="CO"/><ref name="TW"/>
During the 1980s, more than 70 banks had lent Trump $4 billion,<ref name="ArtOfTheSpin">{{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |date=July 17, 2016 |first=Emily |last=Flitter |title=Art of the spin: Trump bankers question his portrayal of financial comeback |accessdate=October 14, 2018 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-trump-bankruptcies-insig/art-of-the-spin-trump-bankers-question-his-portrayal-of-financial-comeback-idUSKCN0ZX0GP}}</ref> but in the aftermath of his corporate bankruptcies of the early 1990s, most major banks declined to lend to him, with only [[Deutsche Bank]] still willing to lend money.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=December 8, 2017 |first=Allan |last=Smith |title=Trump's long and winding history with Deutsche Bank could now be at the center of Robert Mueller's investigation |accessdate=October 14, 2018 |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12}}</ref>
In April 2019, the [[House Oversight Committee]] issued [[subpoena]]s seeking financial details from Trump's banks, Deutsche Bank and [[Capital One]], and his accounting firm, [[Mazars USA]]. In response, Trump sued the banks, Mazars, and committee chairman [[Elijah Cummings]] to prevent the disclosures.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump sues Deutsche Bank and Capital One over Democrat subpoenas |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48102647 |work=BBC News |date=April 30, 2019 |accessdate=May 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=April 22, 2019 |last1=Fahrenthold |first1=David |author1link=David Fahrenthold |last2=Bade |first2=Rachael |last3=Wagner |first3=John |title=Trump sues in bid to block congressional subpoena of financial records |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-sues-in-bid-to-block-congressional-subpoena-of-financial-records/2019/04/22/a98de3d0-6500-11e9-82ba-fcfeff232e8f_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=May 1, 2019}}</ref> In May, [[United States District Court for the District of Columbia|DC District Court]] judge [[Amit Mehta]] ruled that Mazars must comply with the subpoena,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/20/us/politics/trump-financial-records.html |title=Accountants Must Turn Over Trump's Financial Records, Lower-Court Judge Rules |first=Charlie |last=Savage |authorlink=Charlie Savage |date=May 20, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> and judge [[Edgardo Ramos]] of the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|Southern District Court of New York]] ruled that the banks must also comply.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/judge-rejects-trumps-request-to-halt-congressional-subpoenas-for-his-banking-records/2019/05/22/28f9b93a-7ccd-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html |title=Judge rejects Trump's request to halt congressional subpoenas for his banking records |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 22, 2019 |first1=Renae |last1=Merle |first2=Michael |last2=Kranish |author2link=Michael Kranish |first3=Felicia |last3=Sonmez}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/22/business/deutsche-bank-trump-subpoena.html |title=Deutsche Bank Can Release Trump Records to Congress, Judge Rules |first=Emily |last=Flitter |date=May 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Trump's attorneys appealed the rulings,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/trump-subpoena-appeal-merrick-garland-court-1431543 |title=Trump's appeal to keep finances away from Democrats goes to court headed by Merrick Garland |date=May 21, 2019 |website=[[Newsweek]] |first=Alexandra |last=Hutzler}}</ref> arguing that Congress was attempting to usurp the "exercise of law-enforcement authority that the Constitution reserves to the executive branch".<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Lawfare (blog)|Lawfare]] |date=June 10, 2019 |first=Mikhaila |last=Vogel |title=Trump Legal Team Files Brief in Mazars Appeal |accessdate=June 12, 2019 |url=https://www.lawfareblog.com/trump-legal-team-files-brief-mazars-appeal}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 28, 2019 |first=Renae |last=Merle |title=House subpoenas for Trump's bank records put on hold while President appeals |accessdate=May 28, 2019 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/05/29/house-subpoenas-trumps-bank-records-put-hold-while-president-appeals/}}</ref>
=== Side ventures ===
After taking over control of the Trump Organization in 1971, Trump expanded its real estate operations and ventured into other business activities. The company eventually became the umbrella organization for several hundred individual business ventures and partnerships.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33644498 |title=Five take-aways from Donald Trump's financial disclosure |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=July 23, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Anthony |last=Zurcher}}</ref>
In September 1983, Trump purchased the [[New Jersey Generals]], a team in the [[United States Football League]]. After the 1985 season, the league folded largely due to Trump's strategy of moving games to a fall schedule where they competed with the [[NFL]] for audience, and trying to force a merger with the NFL by bringing an antitrust lawsuit against the organization.<ref name=Markazi>{{cite news |first=Arash |last=Markazi |authorlink=Arash Markazi |title=5 things to know about Donald Trump's foray into doomed USFL |date=July 14, 2015 |website=[[ESPN]] |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/13255737/five-things-know-donald-trump-usfl-experience}}</ref><ref name=Morris>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2017/09/24/donald-trump-nfl-usfl/ |title=Donald Trump Fought the NFL Once Before. He Got Crushed |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=September 24, 2017 |accessdate=June 22, 2018 |last=Morris |first=David}}</ref>
Trump's businesses have hosted several boxing matches at the [[Boardwalk Hall|Atlantic City Convention Hall]] adjacent to and promoted as taking place at the Trump Plaza in Atlantic City, including [[Mike Tyson vs. Michael Spinks|Mike Tyson's 1988 heavyweight championship fight]] against [[Michael Spinks]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/25/sports/trump-gets-tyson-fight.html |title=Trump Gets Tyson Fight |accessdate=February 11, 2011 |date=February 25, 1988 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>{{sfn|O'Donnell|Rutherford|1991|p=137}} In 1989 and 1990, Trump lent his name to the [[Tour de Trump]] cycling stage race, which was an attempt to create an American equivalent of European races such as the [[Tour de France]] or the [[Giro d'Italia]].<ref name=Hogan>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/04/donald-trump-2016-tour-de-trump-bike-race-213801 |title=The Strange Tale of Donald Trump's 1989 Biking Extravaganza |first=Kevin |last=Hogan |work=[[Politico]] |date=April 10, 2016 |accessdate=April 12, 2016}}</ref>
In the late 1980s, Trump mimicked the actions of Wall Street's so-called [[corporate raider]]s, whose tactics had attracted wide public attention. Trump began to purchase significant blocks of shares in various public companies, leading some observers to think that he was engaged in the practice called [[greenmail]], or feigning the intent to acquire the companies and then pressuring management to repurchase the buyer's stake at a premium. ''The New York Times'' found that Trump initially made millions of dollars in such stock transactions, but later "lost most, if not all, of those gains after investors stopped taking his takeover talk seriously."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Decade in the Red: Trump Tax Figures Show Over $1 Billion in Business Losses |first1=Russ |last1=Buettner |first2=Susanne |last2=Craig |date=May 8, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/06/business/american-air-gets-trump-bid-of-7.5-billion.html |title=American Air Gets Trump Bid Of $7.5 Billion |first=Agis |last=Salpukas |date=October 6, 1989 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/23/nyregion/trump-ends-his-struggle-to-gain-control-of-bally.html |title=Trump Ends His Struggle to Gain Control of Bally |first=Donald |last=Janson |date=February 23, 1987 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
[[File:Donald Trump star Hollywood Walk of Fame.JPG|thumb|upright=0.6|Trump's star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]]]
In 1988, Trump purchased the defunct [[Eastern Air Lines]] shuttle, with 21 planes and landing rights in New York City, Boston, and Washington, D.C. He financed the purchase with $380 million from 22 banks, rebranded the operation the [[Trump Shuttle]], and operated it until 1992. Trump failed to earn a profit with the airline and sold it to [[USAir]].<ref name="plane_rumour">{{cite news |last=Kessler |first=Glenn |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/11/too-good-to-check-sean-hannitys-tale-of-a-trump-rescue/ |title=Too good to check: Sean Hannity's tale of a Trump rescue |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 11, 2016 |accessdate=March 14, 2019}}</ref>
From 1996 to 2015, Trump owned part of or all the [[Miss Universe]] pageants, including [[Miss USA]] and [[Miss Teen USA]].<ref name="pageantsaleWME">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/15/business/media/trump-sells-miss-universe-organization-to-wme-img-talent-agency.html |title=Trump Sells Miss Universe Organization to WME-IMG Talent Agency |date=September 15, 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 9, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-sells-miss-universe-img-2015-9 |title=Donald Trump just sold off the entire Miss Universe Organization |date=September 14, 2015 |work=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=May 6, 2016}}</ref> Due to disagreements with [[CBS]] about scheduling, he took both pageants to [[NBC]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/22/business/three-beauty-pageants-leaving-cbs-for-nbc.html |title=Three Beauty Pageants Leaving CBS for NBC |date=June 22, 2002 |first=Jim |last=Rutenberg |authorlink=Jim Rutenberg |accessdate=August 14, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2002/06/22/there-she-goes-pageants-move-to-nbc/2ba81b9a-bf67-4f3e-b8d6-1c2cc881ed19/ |title=There She Goes: Pageants Move to NBC |date=June 22, 2002 |first=Lisa |last=De Moraes |authorlink=Lisa de Moraes |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=August 14, 2016}}</ref> In 2007, Trump received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] for his work as producer of Miss Universe.<ref name="cz160129">{{cite news |last=Zara |first=Christopher |authorlink=Christopher Zara |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think |title=Why the heck does Donald Trump have a Walk of Fame star, anyway? It's not the reason you think |work=[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]] |date=October 29, 2016 |accessdate=June 16, 2018}}</ref> After [[NBC]] and [[Univision]] dropped the pageants from their broadcasting lineups in June 2015,<ref name="mp">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/tv/2015/06/29/nbc-dumps-trump/29471971/ |title=NBC to Donald Trump: You're fired |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |first=Maria |last=Puente |date=July 1, 2015 |access-date=July 28, 2015}}</ref> Trump bought NBC's share of the Miss Universe Organization and sold the entire company to [[Endeavor (company)|the William Morris talent agency]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Jethro |last=Nededog |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/15/business/media/trump-sells-miss-universe-organization-to-wme-img-talent-agency.html |title=Trump Sells Miss Universe Organization to WME-IMG Talent Agency |date=September 15, 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=February 5, 2016}}</ref>
==== Trump University ====
{{Main|Trump University}}
In 2004, Trump co-founded a company called [[Trump University]] that sold real estate training courses priced at between $1,500 and $35,000.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gitell |first=Seth |date=March 8, 2016 |title=I Survived Trump University |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/03/i-survived-trump-university-213710 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |accessdate=March 18, 2016}}</ref><ref name=vf>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2014/01/trump-university-fraud-scandal |title=Big Hair on Campus: Did Donald Trump Defraud Thousands of Real Estate Students? |last=Cohan |first=William D. |authorlink=William D. Cohan |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |accessdate=March 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name=nyt511>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |authorlink=Michael Barbaro |title=New York Attorney General Is Investigating Trump's For-Profit School |date=May 19, 2011 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/nyregion/trumps-for-profit-school-said-to-be-under-investigation.html}}</ref> After New York State authorities twice notified the company that its use of the word "university" violated state law, its name was changed to the "Trump Entrepreneurial Institute" in 2010.<ref name="AppealsCourt2016"/>
In 2013, the State of New York filed a $40 million civil suit against Trump University; the suit alleged that the company made false statements and defrauded consumers.<ref name="AppealsCourt2016">{{cite news |first=David |last=Halperin |title=NY Court Refuses to Dismiss Trump University Case, Describes Fraud Allegations |date=March 1, 2016 |website=[[The Huffington Post]] |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/davidhalperin/ny-court-refuses-to-dismi_b_9358360.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/02/27/donald-trumps-misleading-claim-that-hes-won-most-of-lawsuits-over-trump-university/ |first=Michelle Ye Hee |last=Lee |title=Donald Trump's misleading claim that he's 'won most of' lawsuits over Trump University |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 27, 2016 |accessdate=February 27, 2016}}</ref> In addition, two class-action civil lawsuits were filed in federal court; they named Trump personally as well as his companies. Internal documents revealed that employees were instructed to use a hard-sell approach, and former employees said in depositions that Trump University had defrauded or lied to its students.<ref name=twofront>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/08/26/trump-entrepreneur-initiative-case/2700811/ |title=Trump faces two-front legal fight over 'university' |work=[[USA Today]] |first=Kevin |last=McCoy |date=August 26, 2013}}</ref><ref name=ronald_tu>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/01/us/politics/donald-trump-university.html |title=Former Trump University Workers Call the School a 'Lie' and a 'Scheme' in Testimony |last1=Barbaro |first1=Michael |author1link=Michael Barbaro |last2=Eder |first2=Steve |date=May 31, 2016 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=March 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/06/01/480279246/hard-sell-the-potential-political-consequences-of-the-trump-university-documents |title=Hard Sell: The Potential Political Consequences of the Trump University Documents |last=Montenaro |first=Domenico |date=June 1, 2016 |publisher=[[NPR]] |accessdate=June 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=May 30, 2016 |accessdate=June 2, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/31/us/judge-orders-documents-unsealed-in-trump-university-lawsuit.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Judge Orders Documents Unsealed in Trump University Lawsuit |agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hamburger |first=Tom |authorlink=Tom Hamburger |title=Judge bashed by Trump orders release of company records |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/judge-orders-release-of-internal-trump-university-documents/2016/05/28/2e960e5e-24f9-11e6-8690-f14ca9de2972_story.html |accessdate=June 3, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 28, 2016}}</ref> Shortly after he won the presidency, Trump agreed to pay a total of $25 million to settle the three cases.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/19/us/politics/trump-university.html |title=Donald Trump Agrees to Pay $25 Million in Trump University Settlement |last=Eder |first=Steve |date=November 18, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=November 18, 2016}}</ref>
=== Foundation ===
{{Main|Donald J. Trump Foundation}}
The Donald J. Trump Foundation was a U.S.-based private foundation established in 1988 for the initial purpose of giving away proceeds from the book ''Trump: The Art of the Deal''.<ref name=":0b">{{cite news |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/133404773 |title=Nonprofit Explorer – ProPublica |website=[[ProPublica]] |first1=Mike |last1=Tigas |first2=Sisi |last2=Wei |accessdate=September 9, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":1b">{{Cite news |first=David A. |last=Fahrenthold |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/09/01/trump-pays-irs-a-penalty-for-his-foundation-violating-rules-with-gift-to-florida-attorney-general/ |title=Trump pays IRS a penalty for his foundation violating rules with gift to aid Florida attorney general |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 1, 2016}}</ref> In the foundation's final years its funds mostly came from donors other than Trump, who did not donate any personal funds to the charity from 2009 until 2014.<ref name="WaPoMissing">{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/a-portrait-of-trump-the-donor-free-rounds-of-golf-but-no-personal-cash/2016/04/10/373b9b92-fb40-11e5-9140-e61d062438bb_story.html |title=Missing from Trump's list of charitable giving: His own personal cash |date=April 10, 2016 |first1=David A. |last1=Fahrenthold |author1link=David Fahrenthold |last2=Helderman |first2=Rosalind S. |author2link=Rosalind Helderman |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> The foundation gave to health care and sports-related charities, as well as conservative groups.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Long Island Business News]] |date=September 15, 2016 |first=Claude |last=Solnik |title=Taking a peek at Trump's (foundation) tax returns |url=https://libn.com/2016/09/15/taking-a-peek-at-trumps-foundation-tax-returns/}}</ref>
In 2016, ''The Washington Post'' reported that the charity had committed several potential legal and ethical violations, including alleged self-dealing and possible tax evasion.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 15, 2016 |first1=Chris |last1=Cillizza |author1link=Chris Cillizza |first2=David A. |last2=Fahrenthold |author2link=David Fahrenthold |title=Meet the reporter who's giving Donald Trump fits |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/news/the-fix/wp/2016/09/15/how-the-reporter-behind-the-trump-foundation-stories-does-it/}}</ref> Also in 2016, the New York State Attorney General's office said the foundation appeared to be in violation of New York laws regarding charities and ordered it to immediately cease its fundraising activities in New York.<ref name="hit">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/13/politics/eric-schneiderman-donald-trump-foundation/ |title=NY attorney general is investigating Trump Foundation practices |date=September 14, 2016 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=September 25, 2016 |last1=Bradner |first1=Eric |last2=Frehse |first2=Rob}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 3, 2016 |first=David A. |last=Fahrenthold |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |title=Trump Foundation ordered to stop fundraising by N.Y. attorney general's office |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html}}</ref> Trump's team announced in late December 2016 that the Foundation would be dissolved to remove "even the appearance of any conflict with [his] role as President".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest |title=Donald Trump to dissolve his charitable foundation after mounting complaints |last=Jacobs |first=Ben |authorlink=Ben Jacobs (journalist) |date=December 24, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=December 25, 2016}}</ref>
In June 2018 the New York attorney general's office filed a civil suit against the foundation, Trump himself, and his adult children, asking for $2.8 million in restitution and additional penalties.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/14/politics/new-york-lawsuit-trump-foundation/index.html |title=New York attorney general sues Trump Foundation |website=[[CNN]] |first1=Chris |last1=Isidore |first2=Melanie |last2=Schuman |date=June 14, 2018 |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/392392-five-things-to-know-about-the-lawsuit-against-the-trump-foundation |title=Five things to know about the lawsuit against the Trump Foundation |last=Thomsen |first=Jacqueline |date=June 14, 2018 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref> In December 2018, the foundation ceased operation and disbursed all its assets to other charities.<ref name=Goldmacher-181218>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/18/nyregion/ny-ag-underwood-trump-foundation.html |title=Trump Foundation Will Dissolve, Accused of 'Shocking Pattern of Illegality' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 18, 2018 |accessdate=May 9, 2019 |first=Shane |last=Goldmacher}}</ref> The following November, a New York state judge ordered Trump to pay $2 million to a group of charities for misusing the foundation's funds, in part to finance his presidential campaign.<ref name=Katersky-191107>{{cite news | url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 | title=President Donald Trump ordered to pay $2M to collection of nonprofits as part of civil lawsuit | work=[[ABC News]] | date=November 7, 2019 | accessdate=November 7, 2019 | first=Aaron | last=Katersky}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-50338231|title=Judge orders Trump to pay $2m for misusing Trump Foundation funds|date=November 8, 2019|work=BBC News|accessdate=5 March 2020}}</ref>
=== Conflicts of interest ===
[[File:Trump AVM opening ceremony.jpg|thumb|[[Tayyip Erdoğan]], then the prime minister of Turkey, attended the opening of the [[Trump Towers Istanbul]] AVM in 2012.]]
Before being inaugurated as president, Trump moved his businesses into a [[revocable trust]] run by his eldest sons and a business associate.<ref name="NPR012018">{{cite news |first=Marilyn |last=Geewax |title=Trump Has Revealed Assumptions About Handling Presidential Wealth, Businesses |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/01/20/576871315/trump-has-revealed-assumptions-about-handling-presidential-wealth-businesses |website=[[NPR]] |date=January 20, 2018}}</ref><ref name="BBC041817">{{cite news |title=A list of Trump's potential conflicts |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38069298 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=April 18, 2017}}</ref> According to ethics experts, as long as Trump continues to profit from his businesses, the measures taken by Trump do not help to avoid conflicts of interest.<ref name="Venook">{{cite news |last=Venook |first=Jeremy |title=Trump's Interests vs. America's, Dubai Edition |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/08/donald-trump-conflicts-of-interests/508382/ |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=August 9, 2017}}</ref> Because Trump would have knowledge of how his administration's policies would affect his businesses, ethics experts recommend that Trump sell off his businesses.<ref name="BBC041817" /> While Trump said his organization would eschew "new foreign deals", the Trump Organization has since pursued expansions of its operations in Dubai, Scotland, and the Dominican Republic.<ref name="Venook"/>
Multiple lawsuits have been filed alleging that Trump is violating the [[Title of Nobility Clause|Emoluments Clause]] of the [[United States Constitution]], which forbids presidents from taking money from foreign governments, due to his business interests; they argue that these interests allow foreign governments to influence him.<ref name="Venook" /><ref name="LaFraniere">{{cite news |last=LaFraniere |first=Sharon |authorlink=Sharon LaFraniere |title=Lawsuit on Trump Emoluments Violations Gains Traction in Court |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html |date=January 25, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 25, 2018}}</ref> Previous presidents in the modern era have either divested their holdings or put them in blind trusts,<ref name="NPR012018" /> and he is the first president to be sued over the emoluments clause.<ref name="LaFraniere" /> According to ''The Guardian'', "NBC News recently calculated that representatives of at least 22 foreign governments{{snd}}including some facing charges of corruption or human rights abuses such as Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Turkey and the Philippines{{snd}}seem to have spent funds at Trump properties while he has been president."<ref>{{cite news |title=How Trump's businesses are booming with lobbyists, donors and governments |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jul/19/donald-trump-businesses-hotels-conflict-of-interest |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=July 19, 2019 |first=Peter |last=Stone}}</ref> On October 21, 2019, Trump mocked the Emoluments Clause as "phony".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/10/21/donald-trump-mocks-constitution-emoluments-clause-phony/4055162002/ |title='Phony'. Donald Trump mocks 'emoluments' clause of U.S. Constitution that bans foreign gifts |last=Subramanian |first=Courtney |last2=Collins |first2=Michael |last3=Jackson |first3=David |date=October 21, 2019 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |access-date=December 8, 2019}}</ref>
In 2015, Trump said he "makes a lot of money with" the [[Economy of Saudi Arabia|Saudis]] and that "they pay me millions and hundreds of millions."<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump stands by Saudi prince despite journalist Khashoggi's murder |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-trump/trump-stands-by-saudi-prince-despite-journalist-khashoggis-murder-idUSKCN1NP26Y |work=[[Reuters]] |date=November 20, 2018}}</ref> And at a political rally, Trump said about Saudi Arabia: "They buy apartments from me. They spend $40 million, $50 million. Am I supposed to dislike them? I like them very much."<ref>{{cite news |title=President Trump has a massive conflict of interest on Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2018/10/18/president-trump-has-massive-conflict-interest-saudi-arabia/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 18, 2018}}</ref>
In December 2015, Trump said in a radio interview that he had a "conflict of interest" in dealing with [[Turkey]] and Turkish president [[Tayyip Erdoğan]] because of his [[Trump Towers Istanbul]], saying "I have a little conflict of interest because I have a major, major building in Istanbul and it's a tremendously successful job{{nbsp}}... It's called Trump Towers{{snd}}two towers instead of one{{nbsp}}... I've gotten to know Turkey very well".<ref>{{cite news |first=Philip|last=Bump|title=Trump's decision on Syria crystallizes questions about his business – and his presidency |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/10/07/trumps-decision-syria-crystallizes-questions-about-his-business-his-presidency/? |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 7, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump's longtime business connections in Turkey back in the spotlight |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-impeachment-inquiry/donald-trump-s-longtime-business-connections-turkey-back-spotlight-n1064011 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=October 9, 2019 |first1=Heidi |last1=Przybyla |first2=Anna |last2=Schecter}}</ref>
== Media career ==
=== Books ===
{{Main|Bibliography of Donald Trump}}
Trump's first ghostwritten book, ''[[The Art of the Deal]]'' (1987), was on the [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' Best Seller list]] for 48 weeks. According to ''[[The New Yorker]]'', "The book expanded Trump's renown far beyond New York City, promoting an image of himself as a successful dealmaker and tycoon." [[Tony Schwartz (author)|Tony Schwartz]], who is credited as co-author, later said he did all the writing, backed by [[Howard Kaminsky]], then-head of [[Random House]], the book's publisher.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/07/25/donald-trumps-ghostwriter-tells-all |title=Donald Trump's Ghostwriter Tells All |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |first=Jane |last=Mayer |authorlink=Jane Mayer |date=July 18, 2016 |accessdate=June 19, 2017}}</ref> Two further lesser memoirs were published in 1990 and 1997.
=== WWE ===
Trump has had a sporadic relationship with [[professional wrestling]] promotion [[WWE|World Wrestling Entertainment]] and its owner [[Vince McMahon]] since the late 1980s; in 1988 and 1989, [[WrestleMania IV]] and [[WrestleMania V|V]], which took place at the [[Atlantic City]] Convention Hall, were billed as taking place at the nearby [[Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino|Trump Plaza]].<ref name="myth">{{cite news |last=Lelinwalla |first=Mark |url=https://www.techtimes.com/articles/138117/20160304/donald-trumps-history-wwe.htm |title=Looking Back At Donald Trump's WWE Career |website=Tech Times |date=March 4, 2016|access-date=July 6, 2019}}</ref><ref name=wwebio>{{cite web |url=https://www.wwe.com/superstars/donald-trump |title=Donald Trump bio |website=[[WWE]] |accessdate=March 14, 2015}}</ref> He headlined the record-breaking [[WrestleMania 23]] in 2007 and was inducted into the celebrity wing of the [[WWE Hall of Fame (2013)|WWE Hall of Fame in 2013]].<ref name="chief_heel">{{cite news |last1=Kelly |first1=Chris |last2=Wetherbee |first2=Brandon |url=https://slate.com/culture/2016/12/donald-trump-learned-his-political-moves-from-wwe.html |title=Heel in Chief |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=December 9, 2016 |access-date=March 5, 2019}}</ref>
=== ''The Apprentice'' ===
{{main|The Apprentice (American TV series)}}
In 2003, Trump became the co-producer and host of ''The Apprentice'', a [[reality show]] in which contestants competed for a one-year management job with the Trump Organization, and Trump weeded out applicants with the [[catchphrase]] "You're fired".<ref name="born_7-17-16">{{cite news |last1=Grynbaum |first1=Michael M. |last2=Parker |first2=Ashley |author2link=Ashley Parker |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/17/business/media/donald-trump-apprentice.html |title=Donald Trump the Political Showman, Born on 'The Apprentice' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 16, 2016 |accessdate=July 8, 2018}}</ref> He later co-hosted ''[[The Celebrity Apprentice]]'', in which celebrities competed to win money for charities.<ref name="born_7-17-16" />
=== Acting ===
{{Main|Donald Trump filmography}}
Trump has made [[cameo appearances]] in eight film and television series<ref name=Atlantic>{{cite news |first=Adrienne |last=LaFrance |title=Three Decades of Donald Trump Film and TV Cameos |date=December 21, 2015 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/12/three-decades-of-donald-trump-film-and-tv-cameos/421257/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lockett |first=Dee |url=https://www.vulture.com/2016/06/donald-trump-was-in-the-little-rascals.html |title=Yes, Donald Trump Did Actually Play a Spoiled Rich Kid's Dad in The Little Rascals |work=Vulture |date=June 21, 2016 |accessdate=July 14, 2018}}</ref> and performed a song as a ''[[Green Acres]]'' character with [[Megan Mullally]] at the [[57th Primetime Emmy Awards]] in 2005.<ref>{{cite news |last=Shanley |first=Patrick |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/megan-mullally-donald-trump-emmys-stephen-colbert-2016-12 |title=Emmys Flashback: When Trump Sang the 'Green Acres' Theme in Overalls |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=September 15, 2016 |accessdate=July 14, 2018}}</ref>
=== Talk shows ===
Starting in the 1990s, Trump was a guest about 24 times on the nationally syndicated ''[[Howard Stern Show]]''.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA166 166]}} He also had his own short-form talk radio program called ''[[Trumped!]]'' (one to two minutes on weekdays) from 2004 to 2008.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.people.com/people/article/0,,632500,00.html |title=The Donald to Get New Wife, Radio Show |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |date=April 29, 2004 |accessdate=November 19, 2013 |first=Stephen M. |last=Silverman |authorlink=Stephen M. Silverman}}</ref><!-- Only sources I find are from 2004 like this: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20040607005748/en/Trumped!-Donald-Trump-Biggest-Launch-Radio-History --><ref>{{cite news |first=Bob |last=Tedeschi |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/06/technology/now-for-sale-online-the-art-of-the-vacation.html |title=Now for Sale Online, the Art of the Vacation |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 6, 2006 |accessdate=October 21, 2018}}</ref> In 2011, he was given a weekly unpaid guest commentator spot on ''[[Fox & Friends]]'' that continued until he started his presidential candidacy in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Montopoli |first=Brian |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-gets-regular-fox-news-spot/ |title=Donald Trump gets regular Fox News spot |website=[[CBS News]] |date=April 1, 2011 |accessdate=July 7, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Grossman |first1=Matt |last2=Hopkins |first2=David A. |title=How the conservative media is taking over the Republican Party |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ |accessdate=October 19, 2018 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 9, 2016}}</ref>
== Political career ==
{{main|Political career of Donald Trump}}
=== Political activities up to 2015 ===
Trump's political party affiliation changed numerous times. He registered as a Republican in Manhattan in 1987, switched to the Reform Party in 1999, the Democratic Party in 2001, and back to the Republican Party in 2009.<ref name="PolitiFact.24.Aug.15">{{cite news |last=Gillin |first=Joshua |title=Bush says Trump was a Democrat longer than a Republican 'in the last decade' |url=https://www.politifact.com/florida/statements/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |date=August 24, 2015}}</ref>
In 1987, Trump placed full-page advertisements in three major newspapers,<ref name="hint">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/02/nyregion/trump-gives-a-vague-hint-of-candidacy.html |title=Trump Gives a Vague Hint of Candidacy |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Michael |last=Oreskes |authorlink=Michael Oreskes |date=September 2, 1987 |accessdate=February 17, 2016}}</ref> advocating peace in Central America, accelerated nuclear disarmament talks with the Soviet Union, and reduction of the federal budget deficit by making American allies pay "their fair share" for military defense.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/18/us/trump-urged-to-head-gala-of-democrats.html |title=Trump Urged To Head Gala Of Democrats |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 18, 1987 |first=Fox |last=Butterfield}}</ref> He ruled out running for local office but not for the presidency.<ref name="hint"/>
==== 2000 presidential campaign ====
{{Main|Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign}}
In 1999, Trump filed an [[exploratory committee]] to seek the nomination of the [[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform Party]] for the 2000 presidential election.<ref name=NYTimes.Revolution>{{cite news |first=Donald J. |last=Trump |title=What I Saw at the Revolution |date=February 19, 2000 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/19/opinion/what-i-saw-at-the-revolution.html}}</ref><ref name=Winger-111225>{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Winger |authorlink=Richard Winger |title=Donald Trump Ran For President in 2000 in Several Reform Party Presidential Primaries |date=December 25, 2011 |website=[[Ballot Access News]] |url=https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/}}</ref> A July 1999 poll matching him against likely Republican nominee [[George W. Bush]] and likely Democratic nominee [[Al Gore]] showed Trump with seven percent support.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump eyeing a run at the White House |last=Johnson |first=Glen |work=Standard-Speaker |location=Hazelton, Pennsylvania}}</ref> Trump dropped out of the race in February 2000.<ref>{{cite news |last=Clift|first=Eleanor|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-last-time-trump-wrecked-a-party|title=The Last Time Trump Wrecked a Party|newspaper=The Daily Beast |date=April 13, 2017|accessdate=February 25, 2020 }}</ref>
==== 2012 presidential speculation ====
Trump speculated about running for president in [[2012 United States presidential election|the 2012 election]], making his first speaking appearance at the [[Conservative Political Action Conference]] (CPAC) in February 2011 and giving speeches in early primary states.<ref name="McA">{{cite news |last=MacAskill |first=Ewen |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race |title=Donald Trump bows out of 2012 US presidential election race |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=May 16, 2011 |access-date=February 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bobic |first1=Igor |last2=Stein |first2=Sam |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/donald-trump-cpac_n_58adc0f4e4b03d80af7141cf |title=How CPAC Helped Launch Donald Trump's Political Career |work=[[HuffPost]] |date=February 22, 2017 |access-date=February 28, 2020}}</ref> In May 2011 he announced that he would not run.<ref name="McA"/>
Trump's presidential ambitions were generally not taken seriously at the time.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/11/donald-trump-cpac-president-act_n_821923.html |title=Donald Trump Brings His 'Pretend To Run For President' Act To CPAC |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |accessdate=April 21, 2011 |first=Jason |last=Linkins |date=February 11, 2011}}</ref> Before the 2016 election, ''The New York Times'' speculated that Trump "accelerated his ferocious efforts to gain stature within the political world" after Obama lampooned him at the [[White House Correspondents' Association]] Dinner in April 2011.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 12, 2016 |first1=Maggie |last1=Haberman |author1link=Maggie Haberman |first2=Alexander |last2=Burns |author2link=Alex Burns (journalist) |title=Donald Trump's Presidential Run Began in an Effort to Gain Stature |accessdate=April 13, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/13/us/politics/donald-trump-campaign.html}}</ref>
In 2011 the then-superintendent of the New York Military Academy, Jeffrey Coverdale, ordered the then-headmaster of the school, Evan Jones, to give him Trump's academic records so that he could keep them secret, according to Jones. Coverdale said he had been asked to add to hand the records over to members of the school's board of trustees who were Mr. Trump's friends, but he refused to give the records to anyone and instead sealed Trump's records on campus. The incident reportedly happened days after Trump demanded the release of President Barack Obama's academic records.<ref>{{cite news |date=March 5, 2019 |last1=Fisher |first1=Marc |authorlink=Marc Fisher |title='Grab that record': How Trump's high school transcript was hidden |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/grab-that-record-how-trumps-high-school-transcript-was-hidden/2019/03/05/8815b7b8-3c61-11e9-aaae-69364b2ed137_story.html |website=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=June 9, 2019}}</ref>
==== 2013–2015 ====
In 2013, Trump spoke at CPAC again;<ref name="CPAC1">{{cite news |title=Donald Trump to address CPAC |url=https://news.yahoo.com/blogs/ticket/donald-trump-address-cpac-205409450--politics.html |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |date=March 5, 2013 |first=Chris |last=Moody |accessdate=March 6, 2013}}</ref> he railed against illegal immigration, bemoaned Obama's "unprecedented media protection", advised against harming Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security, and suggested that the government "take" Iraq's oil and use the proceeds to pay a million dollars each to families of dead soldiers.<ref>{{cite news |first=Lucy |last=Madison |title=Trump: Immigration reform a "suicide mission" for GOP |date=March 15, 2013 |website=[[CBS News]] |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-immigration-reform-a-suicide-mission-for-gop/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Amira |title=Photos of Donald Trump Delivering His Self-Aggrandizing CPAC Speech to a Half-Empty Ballroom |date=March 15, 2013 |website=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] (magazine) |url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/03/donald-trump-cpac-speech-empty-seat-photos.html}}</ref> He spent over $1 million that year to research a possible 2016 candidacy.<ref name="NYPost2016">{{cite news |title=Trump researching 2016 run |date=May 27, 2013 |website=[[Page Six]] |url=https://pagesix.com/2013/05/27/trump-researching-2016-run/}}</ref>
In October 2013, New York Republicans circulated a memo suggesting Trump should run for governor of the state in 2014 against [[Andrew Cuomo]]. Trump responded that while New York had problems and its taxes were too high, he was not interested in the governorship.<ref>{{cite news |last=Spector |first=Joseph |title=N.Y. Republicans want Donald Trump to run for governor |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/10/14/trump-new-york-governor/2979589/ |work=[[USA Today]] |date=October 14, 2013 |accessdate=October 31, 2013}}</ref> A February 2014 Quinnipiac poll had shown Trump losing to the more popular Cuomo by 37 points in a hypothetical election.<ref>{{cite news |last=Miller |first=Jake |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-trumped-by-andrew-cuomo-in-new-york-governor-race-poll-finds/ |title=Trump trumped by Cuomo in N.Y. governor race, poll finds |date=February 13, 2014 |website=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=February 9, 2017}}</ref>
According to Trump's attorney [[Michael Cohen (lawyer)|Michael Cohen]], in May 2015 he sent letters to the New York Military Academy and to Fordham, threatening legal action if the schools ever released Trump's grades or SAT scores; Fordham confirmed receipt of the letter as well as a phone call from a member of the Trump team.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/27/18243099/michael-cohen-trump-fordham-grades |title=Michael Cohen: I threatened Fordham to keep quiet about Trump's SAT scores and grades |last=Coaston |first=Jane |date=February 27, 2019 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |accessdate=3 March 2020}}</ref>
=== 2016 presidential campaign ===
{{Main|Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign}}
==== Republican primaries ====
{{See also|2016 Republican Party presidential primaries}}
[[File:Donald Trump Laconia Rally, Laconia, NH 4 by Michael Vadon July 16 2015 19.jpg|thumb|alt=Trump speaking behind a brown wooden podium, wearing a dark blue suit and a red tie. The podium sports a blue "TRUMP" sign.|Trump campaigning in [[Laconia, New Hampshire]], July 2015]]
On June 16, 2015, Trump announced his candidacy for President of the United States at Trump Tower in Manhattan. In the speech, Trump discussed [[Illegal immigration to the United States|illegal immigration]], [[offshoring]] of American jobs, the [[U.S. national debt]], and [[Islamic terrorism]], which all remained large priorities during the campaign. He also announced his campaign slogan: "[[Make America Great Again]]".<ref name="6/15/15transcript">{{cite speech |url=https://time.com/3923128/donald-trump-announcement-speech/ |title=Here's Donald Trump's Presidential Announcement Speech |via=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |first=Donald |last=Trump |author-link=Donald Trump |date=June 16, 2015 |location=Trump Tower, New York City}} ''Transcript of full speech''</ref> Trump said his wealth would make him immune to pressure from campaign donors.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/06/donald-trump-2016-announcement-10-best-lines-119066 |first=Adam B. |last=Lerner |title=The 10 best lines from Donald Trump's announcement speech |work=[[Politico]] |date=June 16, 2015 |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}</ref> He declared that he was funding his own campaign,<ref>{{cite tweet |user=realDonaldTrump |author-link=Donald Trump |number=640280850182090752 |title=By self-funding my campaign, I am not controlled by my donors, special interests or lobbyists. I am only working for the people of the U.S.! |date=September 5, 2015 |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}</ref> but according to ''The Atlantic'', "Trump's claims of self-funding have always been dubious at best and actively misleading at worst."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/05/trumps-self-funding-lie/482691/ |title=The Lie of Trump's 'Self-Funding' Campaign |work=[[The Atlantic]] |first=David A. |last=Graham |date=May 13, 2016 |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}</ref>
Trump's campaign was initially not taken seriously by political analysts, but he quickly rose to the top of opinion polls.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/123228/how-donald-trump-evolved-joke-almost-serious-candidate |date=October 27, 2015 |first=Elspeth |last=Reeve |title=How Donald Trump Evolved From a Joke to an Almost Serious Candidate |work=[[The New Republic]] |accessdate=July 23, 2018}}</ref>
On [[Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016#March 1, 2016: Super Tuesday|Super Tuesday]], Trump received the most votes, and he remained the front-runner throughout the primaries. By March 2016, Trump was poised to win the Republican nomination.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/03/23/why-donald-trump-is-poised-to-win-the-nomination-and-lose-the-general-election-in-one-poll/ |title=Why Donald Trump is poised to win the nomination and lose the general election, in one poll |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=March 23, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> After a landslide win in [[Indiana Republican primary, 2016|Indiana]] on May 3, 2016{{snd}}which prompted the remaining candidates Cruz and [[John Kasich]] to suspend their presidential campaigns{{snd}}[[Republican National Committee|RNC]] chairman [[Reince Priebus]] declared Trump the presumptive Republican nominee.<ref name="politico_priebus">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/2016-gop-primary-live-updates-and-results/2016/05/reince-priebus-donald-trump-is-nominee-222767 |title=RNC Chairman: Trump is our nominee |last=Nussbaum |first=Matthew |date=May 3, 2016 |accessdate=May 4, 2016 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref>
==== General election campaign ====
After becoming the presumptive Republican nominee, Trump shifted his focus to the [[2016 United States presidential election|general election]]. Trump began campaigning against Hillary Clinton, who became the presumptive Democratic nominee on June 6, 2016.
Clinton had established a significant lead over Trump in [[Nationwide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2016|national polls]] throughout most of 2016. In early July, Clinton's lead narrowed in national polling averages following the FBI's re-opening of its investigation into her ongoing [[Hillary Clinton email controversy|email controversy]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/amp/poll-clinton-trump-now-tied-gop-convention-kicks-n611936 |title=Poll: Clinton and Trump Now Tied as GOP Convention Kicks Off |last1=Hartig |first1=Hannah |last2=Lapinski |first2=John |last3=Psyllos |first3=Stephanie |date=July 19, 2016 |website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/2016-general-election-trump-vs-clinton |title=2016 General Election: Trump vs. Clinton |accessdate=October 3, 2016 |website=[[The Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/us/general_election_trump_vs_clinton-5491.html |title=General Election: Trump vs. Clinton |accessdate=October 3, 2016 |website=RealClearPolitics}}</ref>
[[File:Donald Trump and Mike Pence RNC July 2016.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Donald Trump and his running mate for vice president, Mike Pence. They appear to be standing in front of a huge screen with the colors of the American flag displayed on it. Trump is at left, facing toward the viewer and making "thumbs-up" gestures. Pence is at right, facing Trump and clapping.|Candidate Trump and running mate [[Mike Pence]] at the [[Republican National Convention]], July 2016]]
On July 15, 2016, Trump announced his selection of Indiana governor [[Mike Pence]] as his running mate.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/07/15/donald-trump-officially-names-mike-pence-as-his-vp.html |title=Donald Trump officially names Mike Pence for VP |last=Levingston |first=Ivan |date=July 15, 2016 |website=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> Four days later, the two were officially nominated by the Republican Party at the Republican National Convention.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/07/19/republicans-start-process-to-nominate-trump-for-president.html |title=Trump closes the deal, becomes Republican nominee for president |date=July 19, 2016 |website=[[Fox News]]}}</ref> The list of convention speakers and attendees included former presidential nominee [[Bob Dole]], but the other prior nominees did not attend.<ref name="missing">{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/2016-conventions/9-elephants-room-rnc-what-s-missing-speakers-list-n609471 |title=9 Elephants in the Room at RNC: Who's Missing From the Speakers List |last=Timm |first=Jane C. |date=July 17, 2016 |accessdate=August 16, 2016 |website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/05/politics/john-mccain-jeff-flake-donald-trump/ |title=Flake, McCain split over backing Trump |last=Raju |first=Manu |authorlink=Manu Raju |date=May 5, 2016 |accessdate=May 7, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref>
On September 26, 2016, Trump and Clinton faced off in [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#First presidential debate (Hofstra University)|their first presidential debate]], which was held at [[Hofstra University]] in [[Hempstead, New York]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uspresidentialelectionnews.com/2016-debate-schedule/2016-presidential-debate-schedule/ |title=2016 Presidential Debate Schedule |date=September 23, 2015 |accessdate=September 30, 2016}}</ref> The [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#Second presidential debate (Washington University in St. Louis)|second presidential debate]] was held at [[Washington University in Saint Louis|Washington University]] in Saint Louis, Missouri. The [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#Third presidential debate (University of Nevada, Las Vegas)|final presidential debate]] was held on October 19 at the [[University of Nevada, Las Vegas]]. Trump's refusal to say whether he would accept the result of the election, regardless of the outcome, drew particular attention, with some saying it undermined democracy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-us-2016-37706499 |title=US presidential debate: Trump won't commit to accept election result |date=October 20, 2016 |accessdate=October 27, 2016 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-20/how-the-us-media-viewed-the-third-presidential-debate/7950418 |title=How US media reacted to the third presidential debate |date=October 20, 2016 |accessdate=October 27, 2016 |website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref>
==== Political positions ====
{{Main|Political positions of Donald Trump}}
Trump's campaign platform emphasized renegotiating [[U.S.–China relations]] and free trade agreements such as [[NAFTA]] and the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]], strongly enforcing immigration laws, and building [[Trump wall|a new wall]] along the U.S.–Mexico border. His other campaign positions included pursuing [[energy independence]] while opposing climate change regulations such as the [[Clean Power Plan]] and the [[Paris Agreement]], modernizing and expediting [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs#Benefits|services for veterans]], repealing and replacing the [[Affordable Care Act]], abolishing [[Common Core]] education standards, [[Infrastructure-based development|investing in infrastructure]], simplifying the [[Internal Revenue Code|tax code]] while reducing taxes for all economic classes, and imposing [[tariff]]s on imports by companies that offshore jobs. During the campaign, he also advocated a largely [[United States non-interventionism|non-interventionist]] approach to foreign policy while increasing military spending, extreme vetting or banning immigrants from Muslim-majority countries<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37982000 |title=Trump's promises before and after election |date=September 19, 2017 |work=[[BBC Online]]}}</ref> to pre-empt domestic Islamic terrorism, and aggressive military action against the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]. During the campaign Trump repeatedly called [[NATO]] "obsolete".<ref>{{Cite news |first=Jenna |last=Johnson |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/04/12/trump-on-nato-i-said-it-was-obsolete-its-no-longer-obsolete/ |title=Trump on NATO: 'I said it was obsolete. It's no longer obsolete.' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 12, 2017 |accessdate=November 26, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |issn=0146-3373 |year=2018 |doi=10.1080/01463373.2018.1438485 |title=Make America Great Again: Donald Trump and Redefining the U.S. Role in the World |quote=On the campaign trail, Trump repeatedly called North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 'obsolete' |journal=[[Communication Quarterly]] |volume=66 |issue=2<!-- |pages=176–195 --> |page=176 |first=Jason A. |last=Edwards}}</ref>
His political positions have been described as [[Populism|populist]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=What Is Populism? |last=Muller |first=Jan-Werner |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-8122-9378-4 |page=101}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/27/magazine/how-can-donald-trump-and-bernie-sanders-both-be-populist.html |title=How Can Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders Both Be 'Populist'? |last=Kazin |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Kazin |date=March 22, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times Magazine]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/donald-trump-working-class-voters-219231 |title=Trump's 6 populist positions |last=Becker |first=Bernie |date=February 13, 2016 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> and some of his views cross party lines. For example, his economic campaign plan calls for deregulation and large reductions in income taxes, consistent with Republican Party policies,<ref name="Donaldjtrump.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/tax-reform |title=Tax Reform |website=Donald J. Trump for president website |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104052211/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/tax-reform |archivedate=January 4, 2016 |accessdate=January 6, 2016}}</ref> along with significant infrastructure investment, usually considered a Democratic Party policy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-democrats-support-infrastructure-overhaul-pledge-1-trillion-rebuild-president-elect-a7488396.html |title=Democrats can finally agree with Donald Trump on something |last=Sharman |first=Jon |date=December 21, 2016 |accessdate=December 21, 2016 |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> Trump has supported or leaned toward varying political positions over time.<ref name="davida.fahrenthold">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/08/17/20-times-donald-trump-has-changed-his-mind-since-june/ |title=20 times Donald Trump has changed his mind since June |last=Fahrenthold |first=David A. |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |date=August 17, 2015 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="thehillFLIP">{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/247643-meet-the-press-tracks-trumps-flip-flops |title='Meet the Press' tracks Trump's flip-flops |last=Hensch |first=Mark |date=July 12, 2015 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref> ''[[Politico]]'' has described his positions as "eclectic, improvisational and often contradictory",<ref name="real Donald">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/07/will-the-real-donald-trump-please-stand-up-120607 |title=Will the real Donald Trump please stand up? |last=Noah |first=Timothy |authorlink=Timothy Noah |date=July 26, 2015 |newspaper=[[Politico]]}}</ref> while NBC News counted "141 distinct shifts on 23 major issues" during his campaign.<ref name="nbcnews.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/full-list-donald-trump-s-rapidly-changing-policy-positions-n547801 |title=A Full List of Donald Trump's Rapidly Changing Policy Positions |last=Timm |first=Jane C. |accessdate=July 12, 2016 |website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref>
==== Campaign rhetoric ====
In his campaign, Trump said he disdained [[political correctness]]; he also said the media had intentionally misinterpreted his words, and he made other claims of adverse [[media bias]].<ref name=Walsh-160724>{{cite news |first=Kenneth T. |last=Walsh |authorlink=Kenneth T. Walsh |title=Trump: Media Is 'Dishonest and Corrupt' |date=August 15, 2016 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-08-15/trump-media-is-dishonest-and-corrupt |quote='If the disgusting and corrupt media covered me honestly and didn't put false meaning into the words I say, I would be beating Hillary by twenty percent,' Trump also tweeted Sunday.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Ted |last=Koppel |authorlink=Ted Koppel |title=Trump: "I feel I'm an honest person" |date=July 24, 2016 |website=[[CBS News]] |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-i-feel-im-an-honest-person/ |quote=Well, I think that I'm an honest person{{nbsp}}... I feel I'm an honest person. And I don't mind being criticized at all by the media, but I do wanna{{snd}}you know, I do want them to be straight about it.}}</ref><ref name=Blake-150706>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/07/06/donald-trumps-failing-war-on-political-correctness/ |title=Donald Trump is waging war on political correctness. And he's losing. |first=Aaron |last=Blake |date=July 6, 2015 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> In part due to his fame, and due to his willingness to say things other candidates would not, and because a candidate who is gaining ground automatically provides a compelling news story, Trump received an unprecedented amount of [[earned media|free media coverage]] during his run for the presidency, which elevated his standing in the Republican primaries.<ref name=Cillizza-160614>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/06/14/this-harvard-study-is-a-powerful-indictment-of-the-medias-role-in-donald-trumps-rise/ |title=This Harvard study is a powerful indictment of the media's role in Donald Trump's rise |first=Chris |last=Cillizza |authorlink=Chris Cillizza |date=June 14, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
Fact-checking organizations have denounced Trump for making a record number of false statements compared to other candidates.<ref name="whoppers">{{cite news |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/the-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump/ |title=The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump |website=[[FactCheck.org]] |date=December 21, 2015}}</ref><ref name="year">{{cite news |url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2015/dec/21/2015-lie-year-donald-trump-campaign-misstatements/ |title=2015 Lie of the Year: the campaign misstatements of Donald Trump |website=[[PolitiFact]] |date=December 21, 2015 |first1=Angie Drobnic |last1=Holan |author1link=Angie Drobnic Holan |first2=Linda |last2=Qiu}}</ref><ref name="wapo-false">{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Farhi |title=Think Trump's wrong? Fact checkers can tell you how often. (Hint: A lot.) |date=February 26, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/the-existential-crisis-of-professional-factcheckers-in-the-year-of-trump/2016/02/25/e994f210-db3e-11e5-81ae-7491b9b9e7df_story.html}}</ref> At least four major publications{{snd}}''Politico'', ''The Washington Post'', ''The New York Times'', and the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''{{snd}}have pointed out lies or falsehoods in his campaign statements, with the ''Los Angeles Times'' saying that "Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has".<ref>{{cite news |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/25/media/newspapers-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-lies/index.html |title=The weekend America's newspapers called Donald Trump a liar |first=Brian |last=Stelter |authorlink=Brian Stelter |date=September 26, 2016}}</ref> [[NPR]] said Trump's campaign statements were often opaque or suggestive.<ref>{{cite news |last=McCammon |first=Sarah |title=Donald Trump's controversial speech often walks the line |website=[[NPR]] |date=August 10, 2016 |quote=Many of Trump's opaque statements seem to rely on suggestion and innuendo.}}</ref>
Trump's penchant for [[hyperbole]] is believed to have roots in the New York real estate scene, where Trump established his wealth and where puffery abounds.<ref name="reuters-20150828" /> Trump adopted his [[Tony Schwartz (author)|ghostwriter's]] phrase "truthful hyperbole" to describe his public speaking style.<ref name="reuters-20150828">{{cite news |first1=Emily |last1=Flitter |first2=James |last2=Oliphant |title=Best president ever! How Trump's love of hyperbole could backfire |date=August 28, 2015 |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-trump-hyperbole-insight-idUSKCN0QX11X20150828}}</ref><ref name=Konnikova />
==== Support from the far right ====
{{anchor|White supremacist support}}
According to [[Michael Barkun]], the Trump campaign was remarkable for bringing fringe ideas, beliefs, and organizations into the mainstream.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barkun |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Barkun |year=2017<!-- |issn=0954-6553 (print) --> |title=President Trump and the ''Fringe'' |journal=[[Terrorism and Political Violence]] |volume=29<!-- |pages=437–443 --> |issue=3 |page=437 |doi=10.1080/09546553.2017.1313649 |issn=1556-1836}}</ref> During his presidential campaign, Trump was accused of pandering to white supremacists.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lopez |first=German |title=We need to stop acting like Trump isn't pandering to white supremacists |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/8/13/16140504/trump-charlottesville-white-supremacists |accessdate=January 2, 2018 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=August 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Blow |first=Charles M. |authorlink=Charles M. Blow |title=Is Trump a White Supremacist? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/opinion/trump-white-supremacist.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kharakh |first1=Ben |last2=Primack |first2=Dan |title=Donald Trump's Social Media Ties to White Supremacists |url=https://fortune.com/donald-trump-white-supremacist-genocide/ |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=March 22, 2016}}</ref> He retweeted open racists,<ref>{{cite news |last=White |first=Daniel |title=Trump Criticized for Retweeting Racist Account |url=https://time.com/4190482/donald-trump-twitter-racist-retweet/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=January 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=White Nationalists and the Alt-Right Celebrate Trump's Victory |date=November 9, 2016 |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/11/09/white-nationalists-and-alt-right-celebrate-trump%E2%80%99s-victory |website=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]] |accessdate=November 10, 2016}}</ref> and repeatedly refused to condemn David Duke, the [[Ku Klux Klan]] or white supremacists, in an interview on CNN's ''[[State of the Union (American TV program)|State of the Union]]'', saying he would first need to "do research" because he knew nothing about Duke or white supremacists.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump Refuses to Condemn KKK, Disavow David Duke Endorsement |url=https://time.com/4240268/donald-trump-kkk-david-duke/ |accessdate=January 20, 2018 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=February 28, 2016 |first=Melissa |last=Chan}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |title=Donald Trump and the alt-right: A marriage of convenience |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/book-party/wp/2016/12/30/donald-trump-and-the-alt-right-a-marriage-of-convenience/ |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 30, 2016}}</ref> Duke himself enthusiastically supported Trump throughout the 2016 primary and election, and has said he and like-minded people voted for Trump because of his promises to "take our country back".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2017/8/12/16138358/charlottesville-protests-david-duke-kkk |title="Why we voted for Donald Trump": David Duke explains the white supremacist Charlottesville protests |last=Nelson |first=Libby |date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |accessdate=August 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/08/15/david-duke-reaction-trump-news-conference/570517001/ |title=Former KKK leader David Duke praises Trump for his 'courage' |last=Cummings |first=William |date=August 15, 2017 |work=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=August 18, 2018}}</ref>
After repeated questioning by reporters, Trump said he disavowed David Duke and the KKK.<ref name="cnnduke">{{cite news |website=[[CNN]] |date=March 3, 2016 |first=Eugene |last=Scott |title=Trump denounces David Duke, KKK |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/03/03/politics/donald-trump-disavows-david-duke-kkk/index.html}}</ref> Trump said on [[MSNBC]]'s ''[[Morning Joe]]'': "I disavowed him. I disavowed the KKK. Do you want me to do it again for the 12th time? I disavowed him in the past, I disavow him now."<ref name="cnnduke"/>
The [[alt-right]] movement coalesced around Trump's candidacy,<ref name="WPechoes">{{cite news |last=Ohlheiser |first=Abby |title=Anti-Semitic Trump supporters made a giant list of people to target with a racist meme |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/06/03/anti-semitic-trump-supporters-made-a-giant-list-of-people-to-target-with-a-racist-meme/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=June 3, 2016}}</ref> due in part to its [[opposition to multiculturalism]] and [[Opposition to immigration|immigration]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Weigel |first=David |authorlink=David Weigel |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/racial-realists-are-cheered-by-trumps-latest-strategy/2016/08/20/cd71e858-6636-11e6-96c0-37533479f3f5_story.html |title='Racialists' are cheered by Trump's latest strategy |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 20, 2016 |accessdate=June 23, 2018}}</ref><ref name="CNNexplained">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/08/25/politics/alt-right-explained-hillary-clinton-donald-trump/ |title=Clinton is attacking the 'Alt-Right' – What is it? |first=Gregory |last=Krieg |accessdate=August 25, 2016 |date=August 25, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e148d930-6cdb-11e6-9ac1-1055824ca907.html |title='Alt-right' movement makes mark on US presidential election |first=Demetri |last=Sevastopulo |work=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref>
Members of the alt-right enthusiastically supported Trump's campaign.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hawley |first=George |title=Making Sense of the Alt-Right |date=2017 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |isbn=978-0-231-54600-3}}</ref>
In August 2016, he appointed [[Steve Bannon]]{{snd}}the executive chairman of [[Breitbart News]]{{snd}}as his campaign CEO; Bannon described Breitbart News as "the platform for the alt-right".<ref>{{cite news |title=Clickbait scoops and an engaged alt-right: everything to know about Breitbart News |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/nov/15/breitbart-news-alt-right-stephen-bannon-trump-administration |accessdate=November 18, 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=November 15, 2016 |first=Jason |last=Wilson}}</ref> In an interview days after the election, Trump condemned supporters who celebrated his victory with Nazi salutes.<ref name=BBC.Disavows>{{cite news |title=Trump disavows 'alt-right' supporters |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38069469 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=November 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 23, 2016 |title=Donald Trump's New York Times Interview: Full Transcript |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/23/us/politics/trump-new-york-times-interview-transcript.html}}</ref>
==== Financial disclosures ====
As a presidential candidate, Trump disclosed details of his companies, assets, and revenue sources to the extent required by the FEC. His 2015 report listed assets above $1.4 billion and outstanding debts of at least $265 million.<ref name="Yahoo News FEC">{{cite news |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/donald-trump-wealth-details-released-federal-regulators-165854286--finance.html/ |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |title=Donald Trump wealth details released by federal regulators |date=July 22, 2015 |accessdate=August 9, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801033902/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/donald-trump-wealth-details-released-federal-regulators-165854286--finance.html |archivedate=August 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[U.S. Office of Government Ethics]] |via=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |date=July 15, 2015 |title=Executive Branch Personnel Public Financial Disclosure Report (U.S. OGE Form 278e) |url=https://images.businessweek.com/cms/2015-07-22/7-22-15-Report.pdf |archivedate=July 23, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723053945/https://images.businessweek.com/cms/2015-07-22/7-22-15-Report.pdf}}</ref> The 2016 form showed little change.<ref name="cnn-20160519" />
Trump has not released [[Donald Trump's tax returns|his tax returns]], contrary to the practice of every major candidate since 1976 and his promise in 2014 to do so if he ran for office.<ref name="Rappeport">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ |title=Donald Trump Breaks With Recent History by Not Releasing Tax Returns |last=Rappeport |first=Alan |authorlink=Alan Rappeport |date=May 11, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 19, 2016}}</ref> He said his tax returns were being audited, and his lawyers had advised him against releasing them.<ref name="CNNtax26Feb">{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/02/26/pf/taxes/trump-tax-returns-audit/ |title=Trump says he can't release tax returns because of audits |last=Isidore |first=Chris |date=February 26, 2016 |accessdate=February 26, 2016 |last2=Sahadi |first2=Jeanne |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Trump has told the press his tax rate was none of their business, and that he tries to pay "as little tax as possible".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/13/politics/donald-trump-tax-rate-none-of-your-business/ |title=Trump on his tax rate: 'None of your business' |last=Kopan |first=Tal |authorlink=Tal Kopan |date=May 13, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref>
In October 2016, portions of Trump's state filings for 1995 were leaked to a reporter from ''The New York Times''. They show that Trump declared a loss of $916 million that year, which could have let him avoid taxes for up to 18 years. During the second presidential debate, Trump acknowledged using the deduction, but declined to provide details such as the specific years it was applied.<ref name="nyt-20161010">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Donald Trump Acknowledges Not Paying Federal Income Taxes for Years |last1=Eder |first1=Steve |last2=Twohey |first2=Megan |author2link=Megan Twohey |date=October 10, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
On March 14, 2017, the first two pages of Trump's 2005 federal income tax returns were leaked to [[MSNBC]]. The document states that Trump had a gross adjusted income of $150 million and paid $38 million in federal taxes. The White House confirmed the authenticity of the documents.<ref name="nyt-taxes">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Trump Wrote Off $100 Million in Business Losses in 2005 |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |author1link=Peter Baker (journalist) |last2=Drucker |first2=Jesse |last3=Craig |first3=Susanne |author3link=Susanne Craig |last4=Barstow |first4=David |author4link=David Barstow |date=March 15, 2017 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=March 15, 2017}}</ref><ref name="hill-taxes">{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/324016-wh-releases-trump-tax-info-ahead-of-msnbc-report-made-150m-in-2005 |title=WH releases Trump tax info ahead of MSNBC report: He paid $38M in federal taxes in '05 |last=Jagoda |first=Naomi |accessdate=March 15, 2017 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref>
On April 3, 2019, the House [[Ways and Means Committee]] made a formal request to the Internal Revenue Service for Trump's personal and business tax returns from 2013 to 2018, setting a deadline of April 10.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://apnews.com/79e6935010f94b399bb5e967ad6c1ec2 |title=House chairman asks IRS for 6 years of Trump's tax returns |first=Marcy |last=Gordon |date=April 4, 2019 |website=[[AP News]]}}</ref> That day, Treasury secretary [[Steven Mnuchin]] said the deadline would not be met,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/treasury-says-it-will-miss-democrats-deadline-for-turning-over-trump-tax-returns/2019/04/10/14319f9c-5bce-11e9-842d-7d3ed7eb3957_story.html |title=Treasury says it will miss Democrats' deadline for turning over Trump tax returns, casts skepticism over request |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 10, 2019 |first1=Jeff |last1=Stein |first2=Damian |last2=Paletta |author2link=Damian Paletta}}</ref> and the deadline was extended to April 23, which also was not honored,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/04/23/donald-trump-tax-returns-deadline-1288760 |title=IRS blows deadline to hand over Trump tax returns |first=Aaron |last=Lorenzo |website=[[Politico]] |date=April 23, 2019}}</ref> and on May{{nbsp}}6 Mnuchin said the request would be denied.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/06/us/politics/trump-tax-returns-mnuchin.html |title=Steven Mnuchin Refuses to Release Trump's Tax Documents to Congress |first=Alan |last=Rappeport |authorlink=Alan Rappeport |date=May 6, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> On May 10, 2019, committee chairman [[Richard Neal]] subpoenaed the Treasury Department and the IRS for the returns and seven days later the subpoenas were defied.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/10/us/politics/democrats-trump-tax-returns.html |title=House Ways and Means Chairman Subpoenas Trump Tax Records |first=Nicholas |last=Fandos |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos |date=May 10, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/mnuchin-defies-subpoena-for-president-trumps-tax-returns-11558123367 |title=Mnuchin Defies Subpoena for President Trump's Tax Returns |first=Richard |last=Rubin |date=May 17, 2019 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> A fall 2018 draft IRS legal memo asserted that Trump must provide his tax returns to Congress unless he invokes executive privilege, contradicting the administration's justification for defying the earlier subpoena.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/confidential-draft-irs-memo-says-tax-returns-must-be-given-to-congress-unless-president-invokes-executive-privilege/2019/05/21/8ed41834-7b1c-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html |title=Confidential draft IRS memo says tax returns must be given to Congress unless president invokes executive privilege |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 21, 2019 |first1=Jeff |last1=Stein |first2=Josh |last2=Dawsey |author2link=Josh Dawsey}}</ref> Mnuchin asserted the memo actually addressed a different matter.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/05/22/steven-mnuchin-irs-trump-tax-returns-1339270 |title=Mnuchin dismisses IRS memo saying Congress must be given Trump's tax returns |first=Toby |last=Eckert |website=[[Politico]] |date=May 22, 2019}}</ref>
=== Election to the presidency ===
{{Main|2016 United States presidential election}}
[[File:ElectoralCollege2016.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|2016 electoral vote results]]
On November 8, 2016, Trump received 306 pledged [[Electoral College (United States)|electoral votes]] versus 232 for Clinton. The official counts were 304 and 227 respectively, after [[Faithless electors in the United States presidential election, 2016|defections on both sides]].<ref>{{cite news |first1=Kiersten |last1=Schmidt |first2=Wilson |last2=Andrews |title=A Historic Number of Electors Defected, and Most Were Supposed to Vote for Clinton |date=December 19, 2016 |accessdate=January 31, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html}}</ref> Trump received nearly 2.9 million fewer popular votes than Clinton, which made him the fifth person to be elected president [[United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote|while losing the popular vote]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Desilver |first=Drew |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ |title=Trump's victory another example of how Electoral College wins are bigger than popular vote ones |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |date=December 20, 2017}}</ref>{{efn|Records on this matter date from the year 1824. The number "five" includes the elections of [[1824 United States presidential election|1824]], [[1876 United States presidential election|1876]], [[1888 United States presidential election|1888]], [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]], and [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]]. Despite their similarities, some of these five elections had peculiar results; e.g. [[John Quincy Adams]] trailed in ''both'' the national popular vote and the electoral college in 1824 (since no one had a majority in the electoral college, Adams was chosen by the House of Representatives), and [[Samuel Tilden]] in 1876 remains the only losing candidate to win an actual majority of the popular vote (rather than just a [[Plurality (voting)|plurality]]).<ref>{{cite book |last=Thomas |first=G. Scott |title=Counting the Votes: A New Way to Analyze America's Presidential Elections |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XvxPCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA125 |page=125 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |date=2015 |isbn=978-1-4408-3883-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Cheney |first=Kyle |authorlink=Kyle Cheney (journalist) |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/donald-trump-electoral-college-232665 |title=Trump lawyer cites 1876 crisis to rebuke Electoral College suit |website=[[Politico]] |date=December 14, 2016}}</ref>}} Clinton was ahead nationwide with 65,853,514 votes ({{percentage|<!-- CLINTON: --> 65,853,514|<!-- TOTAL: --> 136,669,276|2|pad=yes}}) to 62,984,828 votes ({{percentage|<!-- TRUMP: --> 62,984,828|<!-- TOTAL: --> 136,669,276|2|pad=yes}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Official 2016 Presidential General Election Results |url=https://transition.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2016/federalelections2016.pdf |website=[[Federal Election Commission]] |date=December 2017 |accessdate=February 12, 2018}}</ref>
Trump's victory was considered a stunning political upset by most observers, as polls had consistently showed Hillary Clinton with a nationwide{{snd}}though diminishing{{snd}}lead, as well as a favorable advantage in most of the competitive states. Trump's support had been modestly underestimated throughout his campaign,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/election-results-2016-clinton-trump-231070 |title=Trump pulls off biggest upset in U.S. history |work=[[Politico]] |date=November 9, 2016 |first=Maxwell |last=Tani |accessdate=November 9, 2016}}</ref> and many observers blamed errors in polls, partially attributed to pollsters overestimating Clinton's support among well-educated and nonwhite voters, while underestimating Trump's support among white working-class voters.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/upshot/why-trump-won-working-class-whites.html |title=Why Trump Won: Working-Class Whites |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 9, 2016 |first=Nate |last=Cohn |accessdate=November 9, 2016}}</ref><!-- Likely a combination of multiple factors, don't simplify with just one explanation. -->
The polls were relatively accurate,<ref>{{cite news |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |date=January 17, 2017 |first=Nate |last=Silver |authorlink=Nate Silver |title=Can You Trust Trump's Approval Rating Polls? |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/can-you-trust-polling-in-the-age-of-trump/}}</ref> but media outlets and pundits alike showed overconfidence in a Clinton victory despite a large number of undecided voters and a favorable concentration of Trump's core constituencies in competitive states.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |date=September 21, 2017 |first=Nate |last=Silver |authorlink=Nate Silver |title=The Media Has A Probability Problem |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-media-has-a-probability-problem/}}</ref>
Trump won 30 states, including [[Michigan]], [[Pennsylvania]], and [[Wisconsin]], which had been considered a [[Blue wall (politics)|blue wall]] of Democratic strongholds since the 1990s. Clinton won 20 states and the [[District of Columbia]]. Trump's victory marked the return of a Republican White House combined with [[United States Presidents and control of Congress|control of]] both chambers of [[United States Congress|Congress]].
Trump is [[List of Presidents of the United States by net worth|the wealthiest president in U.S. history]], even after [[Real versus nominal value (economics)|adjusting]] for [[inflation]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-richest-us-president-in-history-2017-1 |title=Donald Trump is officially the richest US president in history |last=Martin |first=Emmie |date=January 23, 2017 |work=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=September 9, 2017}}</ref> and the oldest person to take office as president.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/06/14/481991965/its-trumps-birthday-if-he-wins-hed-be-the-oldest-president-ever-to-take-office |title=It's Trump's Birthday. If He Wins, He'd Be The Oldest President Ever To Take Office |last=Kurtzlebel |first=Danielle |date=June 14, 2016 |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=May 3, 2019}}</ref> He is also [[List of Presidents of the United States by previous experience|the first president]] who did not serve in the military or hold elective or appointed government office prior to being elected.<ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Weber |title=Donald Trump will be the first U.S. president with no government or military experience |date=November 9, 2016 |website=[[The Week]] |url=https://theweek.com/speedreads/660840/donald-trump-first-president-no-government-military-experience}}</ref><ref name="voxexp">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience |title=Donald Trump will be the only US president ever with no political or military experience |last=Crockett |first=Zachary |date=November 11, 2016 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |accessdate=January 3, 2017}}</ref> Of the 43{{efn|[[Grover Cleveland]] was the [[List of Presidents of the United States|22nd and 24th president]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Will Trump Be The 44th Or 45th President? Yes And Yes |url=http://ethics.npr.org/memos-from-memmott/will-trump-be-the-44th-or-45th-president-yes-and-yes/ |website=[[NPR]] |date=November 10, 2016 |accessdate=June 4, 2017 |archivedate=February 7, 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207004548/http://ethics.npr.org/memos-from-memmott/will-trump-be-the-44th-or-45th-president-yes-and-yes/}}</ref>}} previous presidents, 38 had held prior elective office, two had not held elective office but had served in the Cabinet, and three had never held public office but had been commanding generals.<ref name="voxexp" />
=== Protests ===
{{Main|Protests against Donald Trump}}
[[File:Women's March on Washington (32593123745).jpg|thumb|[[2017 Women's March|Women's March]] in Washington on January 21, 2017, a day after the inauguration]]
Some rallies during the primary season were accompanied by protests or violence, including attacks on Trump supporters and vice versa both inside and outside the venues.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/03/10/trump-protester-sucker-punched-at-north-carolina-rally-videos-show/ |title=Trump supporter charged after sucker-punching protester at North Carolina rally |last=Moyer |first=Justin Wm. |date=March 11, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=August 31, 2016 |last2=Starrs |first2=Jenny |last3=Larimer |first3=Sarah}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/06/03/ugly-bloody-scenes-in-san-jose-as-protesters-attack-trump-supporters-outside-rally/ |title=Ugly, bloody scenes in San Jose as protesters attack Trump supporters outside rally |last=Sullivan |first=Sean |date=June 3, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=August 31, 2016 |last2=Miller |first2=Michael E.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/27/politics/donald-trump-san-diego-protesters/ |title=Pro-Trump, anti-Trump groups clash in San Diego |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |authorlink=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |date=May 28, 2016 |accessdate=August 31, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Trump's election victory sparked protests across the United States, in opposition to his policies and his inflammatory statements. Trump initially said on Twitter that these were "professional protesters, incited by the media", and were "unfair", but he later tweeted, "Love the fact that the small groups of protesters last night have passion for our great country."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2016/11/10/trump-tweet-professional-protesters-media/93624612/ |title=Trump calls protests 'unfair' in first controversial tweet as president-elect |last=Cummings |first=William |date=November 11, 2016 |work=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=November 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://uk.businessinsider.com/trump-tweets-that-protesters-have-passion-for-our-great-country-2016-11 |title=Trump says protesters have 'passion for our great country' after calling demonstrations 'very unfair' |last=Colson |first=Thomas |date=November 11, 2016 |newspaper=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=November 14, 2016}}</ref>
In the weeks following Trump's inauguration, massive anti-Trump demonstrations took place, such as the [[2017 Women's March|Women Marches]], which gathered 2,600,000 people worldwide,<ref name="USAToday01a">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/21/womens-march-aims-start-movement-trump-inauguration/96864158/ |title=At 2.6 million strong, Women's Marches crush expectations |last1=Przybyla |first1=Heidi M. |last2=Schouten |first2=Fredreka |date=January 22, 2017 |work=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |edition=online}}</ref> including 500,000 in Washington alone.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/womens-march-on-washington-pink-pussy-hat-500000-donald-trump-resist-latest-a7540396.html |title=We asked ten people why they felt empowered wearing a pink 'pussy' hat |last=Buncombe |first=Andrew |date=January 22, 2017 |work=[[The Independent]] |accessdate=January 15, 2017}}</ref> Marches against his [[Executive Order 13769|travel ban]] began across the country on January 29, 2017, just nine days after his inauguration.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thinkprogress.org/muslim-ban-protests-344f6e66022e/ |title=Here's your list of all the protests happening against the Muslim Ban |work=[[ThinkProgress]] |date=January 28, 2017 |first=Adrienne Mahsa |last=Varkiani |accessdate=September 18, 2018}}{{better source|date=February 2020}}</ref>
=== 2020 presidential campaign ===
{{Main|Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign}}
Trump signaled his intention to run for a second term by filing with the FEC within a few hours of assuming the presidency.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-hints-at-re-election-bid-vowing-eight-years-of-great-things/article/2612632 |title=Trump hints at re-election bid, vowing 'eight years' of 'great things' |last=Westwood |first=Sarah |work=[[The Washington Examiner]] |date=January 22, 2017 |accessdate=February 19, 2017}}</ref> This transformed his 2016 election committee into a 2020 reelection one.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.azfamily.com/story/34380443/trump-breaks-precedent-files-on-first-day-as-candidate-for-re-election |title=Trump breaks precedent, files as candidate for re-election on first day |publisher=[[KTVK]] |location=Phoenix, Arizona |first=Lee |last=Morehouse |date=January 31, 2017 |accessdate=February 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202210255/http://www.azfamily.com/story/34380443/trump-breaks-precedent-files-on-first-day-as-candidate-for-re-election |archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref> Trump marked the official start of the campaign with a rally in [[Melbourne, Florida]], on February 18, 2017, less than a month after taking office.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/02/trump-kicks-off-his-2020-reelection-campaign-on-saturday/516909/ |title=Trump Kicks Off His 2020 Reelection Campaign on Saturday |last=Graham |first=David A. |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=February 15, 2017 |accessdate=February 19, 2017}}</ref> By January 2018, Trump's reelection committee had $22 million in hand,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-31/trump-s-2020-re-election-committee-has-22-1-million-in-bank |title=Trump's 2020 Re-Election Committee Has $22.1 Million in the Bank |last1=McCormick |first1=John |last2=Jacobs |first2=Jennifer |date=January 31, 2018 |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |accessdate=March 24, 2018}}</ref> and it had raised a total amount exceeding $67 million by December 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00580100/?tab=summary |title=Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. / Presidential – Principal campaign committee / Financial summary |website=[[Federal Election Commission]] |date=December 31, 2018 |access-date=February 5, 2019}}</ref>
== Presidency ==
{{Main|Presidency of Donald Trump}}
{{for timeline|Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency}}
[[File:58th Presidential Inaugural Ceremony 170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg|thumb|right|Trump during his inauguration in 2017. From left, [[Barack Obama]], [[Joe Biden]], [[Chuck Schumer]].]]
=== Early actions ===
{{See also|Presidential transition of Donald Trump|First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency}}
[[Inauguration of Donald Trump|Trump was inaugurated]] as the 45th president of the United States on January 20, 2017. During his first week in office, he signed [[List of executive actions by Donald Trump#Executive orders|six executive orders]]: interim procedures in anticipation of repealing the [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]] (Obamacare), withdrawal from the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]] negotiations, reinstatement of the [[Mexico City Policy]], unlocking the [[Keystone XL]] and [[Dakota Access Pipeline]] construction projects, reinforcing border security, and beginning the planning and design process to construct a [[Trump wall|wall along the U.S. border with Mexico]].<ref name=exec-summary>{{cite news |last=Quigley |first=Aidan |title=All of Trump's executive actions so far |url=https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2017/01/all-trump-executive-actions-000288 |accessdate=January 28, 2017 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 25, 2017}}</ref>
Upon inauguration, Trump delegated the management of his real estate business to his sons Eric and Don Jr.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/12/us/politics/eric-trump-donald-trump-jr.html |title=Trump Sons Forge Ahead Without Father, Expanding and Navigating Conflicts |first1=Eric |last1=Lipton |author1link=Eric Lipton |first2=Susanne |last2=Craig |author2link=Susanne Craig |date=February 12, 2017 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=May 7, 2017}}</ref> His daughter Ivanka resigned from the Trump Organization and moved to Washington, D.C., with her husband [[Jared Kushner]]. She serves as an assistant to the President,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2017/03/family-affair |author=V.v.B |title=Ivanka Trump's new job |date=March 31, 2017 |accessdate=April 3, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Economist]]}}</ref> and he is a [[Senior Advisor to the President of the United States|Senior Advisor]] in the White House.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Michael S. |last1=Schmidt |author1link=Michael S. Schmidt |first2=Eric |last2=Lipton |author2link=Eric Lipton |first3=Charlie |last3=Savage |author3link=Charlie Savage |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/us/politics/donald-trump-jared-kushner-justice-department.html |title=Jared Kushner, Trump's Son-in-Law, Is Cleared to Serve as Adviser |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 21, 2017 |accessdate=May 7, 2017}}</ref>
On January 31, [[Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination|Trump nominated]] U.S. Appeals Court judge [[Neil Gorsuch]] to fill the seat on the [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] previously held by Justice [[Antonin Scalia]] until his death on February 13, 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-picks-colo-appeals-court-judge-neil-gorsuch-for-supreme-court/2017/01/31/2b08a226-e55e-11e6-a547-5fb9411d332c_story.html |title=Trump picks Colo. appeals court judge Neil Gorsuch for Supreme Court |last=Barnes |first=Robert |date=January 31, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=February 1, 2017}}</ref>
=== Domestic policy ===
==== Economy and trade ====
{{Main|Economic policy of Donald Trump}}
{{See also|Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017|Trump tariffs}}
The economic expansion that began in June 2009 continued through Trump's first three years in office. Throughout his presidency, he has repeatedly and falsely characterized the economy as the best in American history.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/07/president-trumps-repeated-claim-greatest-economy-history-our-country/ |title=President Trump's repeated claim: 'The greatest economy in the history of our country' |last=Kessler |first=Glenn |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 7, 2018 |accessdate=May 27, 2019 |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist)}}</ref>
In December 2017, Trump signed the [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017]], which cut the corporate tax rate to 21 percent, lowered personal tax brackets, increased child tax credit, doubled the [[Estate tax in the United States|estate tax]] exemption to $11.2 million, and limited the state and local tax deduction to $10,000.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/15/us/politics/final-republican-tax-bill-cuts.html |title=What's in the Final Republican Tax Bill |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Wilson |last1=Andrews |first2=Alicia |last2=Parlapiano |date=December 15, 2017 |accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
[[File:Donald Trump in Ypsilanti (33998674940) (cropped2).jpg|thumb|Trump speaking to automobile workers in Michigan, March 2017]]
Trump is a skeptic of multilateral trade deals, as he believes they indirectly incentivize unfair trade practices that then tend to go unpoliced. He favors bilateral trade deals, as they allow one party to pull out if the other party is believed to be behaving unfairly. Trump favors neutral or positive balances of trade over negative balances of trade, also known as a "trade deficit". Trump adopted his current skeptical views toward trade liberalization in the 1980s, and he sharply criticized [[NAFTA]] during the Republican primary campaign in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schlesinger |first=Jacob M. |title=Trump Forged His Ideas on Trade in the 1980s – And Never Deviated |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-forged-his-ideas-on-trade-in-the-1980sand-never-deviated-1542304508 |date=November 15, 2018 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |accessdate=November 15, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-lays-out-protectionist-views-in-trade-speech-1467145538 |title=Donald Trump Lays Out Protectionist Views in Trade Speech |last=Epstein |first=Reid J. |date=June 28, 2016 |last2=Nelson |first2=Colleen McCain |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] {{subscription required}} |accessdate=July 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-calls-nafta-a-disaster/ |title=Trump calls NAFTA a "disaster" |date=September 25, 2015 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> He withdrew the U.S. from the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]] (TPP) negotiations,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/23/politics/trump-tpp-things-to-know/index.html |title=Trump's TPP withdrawal: 5 things to know |last=Bradner |first=Eric |date=January 23, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref> imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum imports,<ref name=Inman>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/10/war-over-steel-trump-tips-global-trade-turmoil-tariffs |title=The war over steel: Trump tips global trade into new turmoil |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=March 10, 2018 |accessdate=March 15, 2018 |last=Inman |first=Phillip}}</ref> and launched a [[China–United States trade war|trade war]] with China by sharply increasing tariffs on 818 categories (worth $50 billion) of Chinese goods imported into the U.S.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/01/07/donald-trump-says-he-favors-big-tariffs-on-chinese-exports/ |title=Donald Trump Says He Favors Big Tariffs on Chinese Exports |last=Haberman |first=Maggie |authorlink=Maggie Haberman |date=January 7, 2016 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 22, 2016}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-ministry/trump-sets-tariffs-on-50-billion-in-chinese-goods-beijing-strikes-back-idUSKBN1JB0KC |title=Trump sets tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese goods; Beijing strikes |date=June 16, 2018 |work=[[Reuters]] |first1=David |last1=Lawder |first2=Ben |last2=Blanchard}}</ref> On several occasions, Trump has said incorrectly that these import tariffs are paid by China into the [[U.S. Treasury]].<ref name="Newburger-190512">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/12/kudlow-says-us-will-pay-for-china-tariffs-contradicting-trump.html |title=Kudlow acknowledges US will pay for China tariffs, contradicting Trump |website=[[CNBC]] |date=May 12, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Emma |last=Newburger}}</ref>
==== Energy and climate ====
{{Main|Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration}}
Trump rejects the [[scientific consensus on climate change]].<ref name="ParkerDavenport">{{cite news |first1=Ashley |last1=Parker |author1link=Ashley Parker |first2=Coral |last2=Davenport |title=Donald Trump's Energy Plan: More Fossil Fuels and Fewer Rules |date=May 26, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/27/us/politics/donald-trump-global-warming-energy-policy.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Jason |last=Samenow |authorlink=Jason Samenow |title=Donald Trump's unsettling nonsense on weather and climate |date=March 22, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2016/03/22/donald-trumps-unsettling-nonsense-on-weather-and-climate}}</ref> Since his election Trump has made large budget cuts to programs that research renewable energy and has rolled back Obama-era policies directed at curbing climate change.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump proposes cuts to climate and clean-energy programs |url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/03/how-trump-is-changing-science-environment |date=February 12, 2018 |website=[[National Geographic Society]] |accessdate=May 27, 2018 |first1=Michael |last1=Greshko |first2=Laura |last2=Parker |first3=Brian Clark |last3=Howard |first4=Daniel |last4=Stone |first5=Alejandra |last5=Borunda |first6=Sarah |last6=Gibbens}}</ref> In June 2017, Trump announced [[United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement|the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement]], making the U.S. the only nation in the world to not ratify the agreement.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dennis |first=Brandy |title=As Syria embraces Paris climate deal, it's the United States against the world |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/07/as-syria-embraces-paris-climate-deal-its-the-united-states-against-the-world |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=May 28, 2018}}</ref> At the [[2019 G7 summit]], Trump skipped the sessions on climate change but said afterward during a press conference that he is an environmentalist.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Teirstein |first1=Zoya |title=Donald 'I'm an environmentalist' Trump skips G7 climate meeting |url=https://grist.org/article/donald-im-an-environmentalist-trump-skips-g7-climate-meeting/ |website=[[Grist (magazine)|Grist]] |date=August 26, 2019 |accessdate=August 27, 2019}}</ref>
Trump has rolled back federal regulations aimed at curbing [[greenhouse gas]] emissions, air pollution, water pollution, and the usage of toxic substances. He relaxed environmental standards for federal infrastructure projects, while expanding permitted areas for drilling and resource extraction. Trump also weakened protections for animals.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Popovich |first1=Nadja |last2=Albeck-Ripka |first2=Livia |last3=Pierre-Louis |first3=Kendra |title=85 Environmental Rules Being Rolled Back Under Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/climate/trump-environment-rollbacks.html |accessdate=December 14, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 12, 2019}}</ref> Trump's energy policies aimed to boost the production and exports of coal, oil, and natural gas.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gardner |first1=Timothy |title=Senate confirms Brouillette, former Ford lobbyist, as energy secretary |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-energy-brouillette/senate-confirms-brouillette-former-ford-lobbyist-as-energy-secretary-idUSKBN1Y62E6 |accessdate=December 15, 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=December 3, 2019}}</ref>
==== Government size and deregulation ====
Trump's early policies have favored [[deregulation|rollback and dismantling of government regulations]]. He has signed 15 [[Congressional Review Act]] disapproval resolutions to allow Congress to repeal executive regulations, the second President to sign any such resolutions after the first CRA resolution was passed in 2001, and the first President to sign more than one such resolution.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Adriance |first=Sam |title=President Trump Signs First Congressional Review Act Disapproval Resolution in 16 Years |url=https://www.natlawreview.com/article/president-trump-signs-first-congressional-review-act-disapproval-resolution-16-years |date=February 16, 2017 |magazine=[[The National Law Review]] |accessdate=March 8, 2017}}</ref> During his first six weeks in office, he delayed, suspended or reversed ninety federal regulations.<ref>{{cite news |last=Farand |first=Chloe |title=Donald Trump Disassembles 90 Federal State Regulations in Just Over a Month in White House |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-federal-state-regulations-month-oval-office-white-house-us-president-deregulate-a7614031.html |date=March 6, 2017 |work=[[The Independent]] |accessdate=March 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump-Era Trend: Industries Protest. Regulations Rolled Back. A Dozen Examples |url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3480299-10-Examples-Industries-Push-Followed-by-Trump.html#document/p60/a341284 |work=[[The New York Times]] |via=[[DocumentCloud]] |accessdate=March 7, 2017 |date=March 5, 2017 |quote=More than 90 Obama-era federal regulations have been revoked or delayed or enforcement has been suspended, in many cases based on requests from the industries the rules target.}}</ref>
On January 30, 2017, Trump signed [[Executive Order 13771]], which directed administrative agencies to repeal two existing regulations for every new regulation they issue.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Signs Executive Order to Drastically Cut Federal Regs |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/01/30/trump-signs-executive-order-to-drastically-cut-federal-regs.html |date=January 30, 2017 |website=[[Fox News]] |accessdate=March 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=The White House, Office of the Press Secretary |author1link=White House Office of the Press Secretary |title=Presidential Executive Order on Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/30/presidential-executive-order-reducing-regulation-and-controlling |accessdate=May 16, 2017 |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> Agency defenders expressed opposition to Trump's criticisms, saying the bureaucracy exists to protect people against well-organized, well-funded interest groups.<ref name="mcalabresi">{{cite news |last=Calabresi |first=Massimo |title=Inside Donald Trump's War against the State |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=March 9, 2017 |url=https://time.com/4696428/donald-trump-war-state-government/ |quote=Staffed by experts who oversee an open governmental process, they say, the federal bureaucracy exists to protect those who would otherwise be at the mercy of better-organized, better-funded interests.}}</ref>
==== Health care ====
During his campaign, Trump repeatedly vowed to repeal and replace [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]] (ACA or "Obamacare").<ref name="Kodjak">{{cite news |last=Kodjak |first=Alison |authorlink=Alison Kodjak |title=Trump Can Kill Obamacare With Or Without Help From Congress |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/09/501203831/trump-can-kill-obamacare-with-or-without-help-from-congress |accessdate=January 12, 2017 |work=[[All Things Considered]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=November 9, 2016}}</ref> Shortly after taking office, he urged Congress to repeal and replace it. In May of that year, the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] voted to repeal it.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/331937-house-passes-obamacare-repeal |title=House passes Obamacare repeal |last=Sullivan |first=Peter |date=May 4, 2017 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=July 31, 2017}}</ref> His first action as President was [[Executive Order 13765]], which increased flexibility "to the maximum extent permitted by law" for the Cabinet to issue waivers, deferrals, and exemptions for the law while attempting to give states more flexibility.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/20/us/politics/trump-executive-order-obamacare.html |title=Trump Issues Executive Order Scaling Back Parts of Obamacare |last=Davis |first=Julie Hirschfeld |author1link=Julie Hirschfeld Davis |last2=Pear |first2=Robert |author2link=Robert Pear |date=January 20, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=January 23, 2017}}</ref> [[Executive Order 13813]] was subsequently issued, designed to reduce regulations imposed under Obamacare by increasing competition.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2017/10/12/news/economy/trump-health-care-executive-order/ |title=What's in Trump's health care executive order? |first=Tami |last=Luhby |work=[[CNN]] |date=October 13, 2017 |accessdate=October 14, 2017}}</ref> Trump has expressed a desire to "let Obamacare fail", and the Trump administration has cut the ACA [[Annual enrollment|enrollment period]] in half and drastically reduced funding for advertising and other ways to encourage enrollment.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/07/18/trump-tweet-obamacare-repeal-failure-240664 |title=Trump says he plans to 'let Obamacare fail' |last=Nelson |first=Louis |date=July 18, 2017 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Jeffrey">{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/trump-obamacare-sabotage-enrollment-cuts_us_59a87bffe4b0b5e530fd5751 |title=Trump Ramps Up Obamacare Sabotage With Huge Cuts To Enrollment Programs |last=Young |first=Jeffrey |date=August 31, 2017 |work=[[HuffPost]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/31/trump-obamacare-outreach-cuts-242225 |title=Trump administration slashes Obamacare outreach |last=Pradhan |first=Rachana |date=August 31, 2017 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref> The [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017|2017 tax bill]] effectively repealed the ACA's [[Individual shared responsibility provision|individual health insurance mandate]] in 2019,<ref>{{cite news |first=Robert |last=Pear |author1link=Robert Pear |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/18/us/politics/tax-cut-obamacare-individual-mandate-repeal.html |title=Without the Insurance Mandate, Health Care's Future May Be in Doubt |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Sullivan |url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/362838-senate-gop-repeals-obamacare-mandate |title=Senate GOP repeals ObamaCare mandate |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=December 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Health Affairs]] |date=December 20, 2017 |first=Timothy |last=Jost |authorlink=Timothy Jost |title=The Tax Bill And The Individual Mandate: What Happened, And What Does It Mean? |url=https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20171220.323429/full/ |doi=10.1377/hblog20171220.323429 |doi-broken-date=2020-03-06}}</ref> and a budget bill Trump signed in 2019 repealed the [[Cadillac insurance plan|Cadillac plan tax]], medical device tax, and [[tanning tax]].<ref name=CadillacRepealed>{{cite news |url=https://www.hrdive.com/news/trump-signs-bill-repealing-aca-cadillac-tax-granting-relief-for-employer/569551/ |work=HR Dive |first=Ryan |last=Golden |date=December 23, 2019 |accessdate=December 24, 2019 |title=Trump signs bill repealing ACA Cadillac tax, granting 'relief' for employers}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/1865/text |publisher=Congress.gov |title=Text – H.R.1865 – 116th Congress (2019-2020): Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020}}</ref> As president, Trump has falsely claimed he saved the coverage of pre-existing conditions provided by ACA, while his administration declined to challenge a lawsuit that would eliminate it.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politifact.com/health-check/statements/2020/jan/15/donald-trump/trumps-claim-he-saved-pre-ex-conditions-part-fanta/ |title=Trump's pre-ex claim 'part fantasty, part delusion' |website=[[PolitiFact]] |accessdate=January 24, 2020}}</ref> As a 2016 candidate, Trump promised to protect funding for Medicare and other social safety-net programs, but in January 2020 he suggested he was willing to consider cuts to such programs.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/22/us/politics/medicare-trump.html |title=Trump Opens Door to Cuts to Medicare and Other Entitlement Programs |first1=Alan |last1=Rappeport |author1link=Alan Rappeport |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman |date=January 22, 2020 |accessdate=January 24, 2020 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
==== Social issues ====
{{Main|Social policy of Donald Trump}}
Trump favored modifying the 2016 Republican platform opposing abortion, to allow for exceptions in cases of rape, incest, and circumstances endangering the health of the mother.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/ |title=Trump: I would change GOP platform on abortion |last=Wright |first=David |date=April 21, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> He has said he is committed to appointing [[anti-abortion]] justices.<ref name="60min" /> He says he personally supports "traditional marriage"<ref name="MEhren2">{{cite news |first=Max |last=Ehrenfreund |title=Here's what Donald Trump really believes |date=July 22, 2015 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/07/22/heres-what-donald-trump-really-believes/}}</ref> but considers the [[Same-sex marriage in the United States|nationwide legality]] of [[same-sex marriage]] a "settled" issue.<ref name="60min">{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/14/politics/trump-gay-marriage-abortion-supreme-court/ |title=Trump: Same-sex marriage is 'settled', but Roe v Wade can be changed |website=[[CNN]] |first=Ariane |last=De Vogue |date=November 15, 2016 |accessdate=November 30, 2016}}</ref> Despite the statement by Trump and the White House saying they would keep in place a 2014 executive order from the Obama administration which created federal workplace protections for LGBT people,<ref>{{cite news |last=Peters |first=Jeremy W. |authorlink=Jeremy W. Peters |title=Obama's Protections for L.G.B.T. Workers Will Remain Under Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/obama-trump-protections-lgbt-workers.html |accessdate=February 2, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> in March 2017, the Trump administration rolled back key components of the Obama administration's workplace protections for LGBT people.<ref name=NBCNews>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/lgbtq-advocates-say-trump-s-news-executive-order-makes-them-n740301 |title=LGBTQ Advocates Say Trump's New Executive Order Makes Them Vulnerable to Discrimination |website=[[NBC News]] |first=Mary Emily |last=O'Hara |access-date=July 30, 2017}}</ref>
Trump supports a broad interpretation of the [[Second Amendment to the United States Constitution|Second Amendment]] and says he is [[Gun politics in the United States|opposed]] to [[gun control]] in general,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/brief-history-donald-trumps-stance-gun-rights-461705 |title=A brief history of Donald Trump's stance on gun rights |work=[[Newsweek]] |last=Gorman |first=Michele |date=May 20, 2016}}</ref><ref name="OWSAR">{{cite web |title=Second Amendment Rights |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights |website=Donald J. Trump for President |accessdate=May 22, 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107050849/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights |archivedate=January 7, 2016 |quote=There has been a national background check system in place since 1998 ... Too many states are failing to put criminal and mental health records into the system ... What we need to do is fix the system we have and make it work as intended.}}</ref> although his views have shifted over time.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/donald-trump-gun-positions-nra-orlando/ |title=The times Trump changed his positions on guns |website=[[CNN]] |date=June 20, 2016 |first=Gregory |last=Krieg}}</ref> Trump opposes [[Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction|legalizing recreational marijuana]] but supports legalizing [[medical cannabis|medical marijuana]].<ref name="Cannabis">{{cite web |title=Donald Trump on Marijuana |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4541840/donald-trump-marijuana |website=[[C-SPAN]] |accessdate=October 17, 2018}}</ref> He favors [[Capital punishment in the United States|capital punishment]],<ref name="Cop_killers">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/10/politics/donald-trump-police-officers-death-penalty/ |title=Trump: Death penalty for cop killers |date=December 11, 2015 |website=[[CNN]] |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |authorlink=Jeremy Diamond |accessdate=March 15, 2016}}</ref><ref name="FullPageAd1989">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/01/nyregion/angered-by-attack-trump-urges-return-of-the-death-penalty.html |title=Angered by Attack, Trump Urges Return of the Death Penalty |date=May 1, 1989 |work=[[The New York Times]] |last=Foderaro |first=Lisa |accessdate=March 15, 2016}}</ref> as well as the use of [[waterboarding]] and "a hell of a lot worse" methods.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news |last=McCarthy |first=Tom |title=Donald Trump: I'd bring back 'a hell of a lot worse than waterboarding' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/feb/06/donald-trump-waterboarding-republican-debate-torture |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=February 8, 2016}}</ref><ref name="ABC News">{{cite news |title=Ted Cruz, Donald Trump Advocate Bringing Back Waterboarding |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/video/ted-cruz-donald-trump-advocate-bringing-back-waterboarding-36764410 |website=[[ABC News]] |date=February 6, 2016 |accessdate=February 9, 2016}}</ref>
====Pardons and commutation====
On 18 February 2020, Trump [[pardoned]] white-collar criminals [[Michael Milken]], [[Bernard Kerik]], and [[Edward J. DeBartolo Jr.]], and [[Commutation (law)|commuted]] former Illinois governor [[Rod Blagojevich]]'s 14-year corruption sentence.<ref name="Commutation">{{Cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |author1link=Peter Baker (journalist) |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |author2link=Maggie Haberman |last3=Shear |first3=Michael D. |author3link=Michael D. Shear |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/18/us/politics/trump-pardon-debartolo.html |title=Trump Commutes Corruption Sentence of Governor Rod Blagojevich of Illinois |date=February 18, 2020 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=February 18, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Seidel |first1=Jon |last2=Sneed |first2=Michael |last3=Sweet |first3=Lynn |author3link=Lynn Sweet |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/2020/2/18/20792391/rod-blagojevich-trump-clemency-illinois-governor-patti |title=President frees imprisoned ex-Gov. Rod Blagojevioch-now a grateful 'Trumpocrat' |date=February 19, 2020 |access-date=February 20, 2020 |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]}}</ref>
On 19 February 2020, Assange's barrister told the court that former [[Republican Party (United States)|US Republican]] congressman [[Dana Rohrabacher]] had visited Assange at the Ecuadorian embassy in August 2017 and, on instructions from President Trump, offered a pardon if Assange said that Russia had no role in the [[2016 Democratic National Committee email leak]]s. The district judge hearing the case ruled that the evidence is admissible in Assange's legal attempts to block extradition to the US. "It is a complete fabrication and a total lie", the [[White House Press Secretary]], [[Stephanie Grisham]], told reporters. "The president barely knows Dana Rohrabacher other than he's an ex-congressman. He's never spoken to him on this subject or almost any subject."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/feb/19/donald-trump-offered-julian-assange-pardon-russia-hack-wikileaks |title=Donald Trump 'offered Julian Assange a pardon if he denied Russia link to hack' |work=The Guardian |date=19 February 2020 |accessdate=19 February 2020 |author=Bowcott, Owen and Julian Borger}}</ref>
=== Immigration ===
{{Main|Immigration policy of Donald Trump}}
Trump's proposed immigration policies were a topic of bitter and contentious debate during the campaign. He promised to build [[Mexico–United States barrier|a more substantial wall]] on the [[Mexico–United States border]] to keep out [[illegal immigrants]] and vowed Mexico would pay for it.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37243269 |title=Who pays for Donald Trump's wall? |date=February 6, 2017 |work=[[BBC Online]] |accessdate=December 9, 2017}}</ref> He pledged to massively deport [[Illegal immigrant population of the United States|illegal immigrants residing in the United States]],<ref name="CBC_August29_2015">{{cite news |title=Donald Trump emphasizes plans to build 'real' wall at Mexico border |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/donald-trump-emphasizes-plans-to-build-real-wall-at-mexico-border-1.3196807 |website=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] |accessdate=September 29, 2015 |date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> and criticized [[Birthright citizenship in the United States|birthright citizenship]] for creating "[[anchor babies]]".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2015/08/donald-trump-has-some-thoughts-about-the-constitution |title=Donald Trump: The 14th Amendment is Unconstitutional |work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]] |date=August 19, 2015 |accessdate=November 22, 2015 |first=Inae |last=Oh}}</ref> He said deportation would focus on criminals, visa overstays, and security threats.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abc13.com/politics/trump-vows-no-amnesty-in-immigration-speech/1493776/ |title=Trump retreats on deportations, vows no amnesty |publisher=[[KTRK-TV]] |location=Houston, Texas |date=September 1, 2016 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |accessdate=September 2, 2016}}</ref> As president, he frequently described illegal immigration as an "invasion" and conflated immigrants with the gang [[MS-13]], though research shows undocumented immigrants have a lower crime rate than native-born Americans.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/08/08/trump-immigrants-rhetoric-criticized-el-paso-dayton-shootings/1936742001/ |title=A USA TODAY analysis found Trump used words like 'invasion' and 'killer' at rallies more than 500 times since 2017 |last=Fritze |first=John |website=[[USA Today]] |access-date=August 9, 2019 |date=August 8, 2019}}</ref>
==== Travel ban ====
{{Main|Executive Order 13769|Executive Order 13780}}
Following the [[November 2015 Paris attacks]], Trump made a controversial proposal to ban Muslim foreigners from entering the United States until stronger vetting systems could be implemented.<ref>{{cite news |first=Eugene |last=Scott |title=Trump: My Muslim friends don't support my immigration ban |date=December 13, 2015 |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/13/politics/donald-trump-muslim-ban-state-of-the-union/}}</ref><ref name=Barro>{{cite news |first=Josh |last=Barro |title=How Unpopular Is Trump's Muslim Ban? Depends How You Ask |date=December 15, 2015 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/16/upshot/how-unpopular-is-trumps-muslim-ban-depends-how-you-ask.html |quote=Donald J. Trump's proposal to bar Muslim noncitizens from entering the United States ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Jill |last1=Colvin |first2=Bill |last2=Barrow |title=Donald Trump's supporters see plenty of sense in views that his critics denounce |date=December 14, 2015 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2015-12-14/trump-supporters-shrug-off-the-fuss-say-he-gets-it |quote=He said American citizens, including Muslim members of the military, would be exempt, as would certain world leaders and athletes coming to the U.S. to compete.}}</ref> He later reframed the proposed ban to apply to countries with a "proven history of terrorism".<ref name=Scots>{{cite news |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=June 25, 2016 |first=Jenna |last=Johnson |title=Trump now says Muslim ban only applies to those from terrorism-heavy countries |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-donald-trump-muslim-ban-20160625-story.html |quote=[A] reporter asked Trump if [he] would be OK with a Muslim from Scotland coming into the United States and he said it 'wouldn't bother me'. Afterward, [spokeswoman] Hicks said in an email that Trump's ban would now just apply to Muslims in terror states ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |website=[[NPR]] |date=June 13, 2016 |first=Scott |last=Detrow |title=Trump Calls To Ban Immigration From Countries With 'Proven History Of Terrorism' |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/06/13/481910989/trump-expands-immigration-ban-to-countries-with-proven-history-of-terrorism |quote=I will suspend immigration from areas of the world where there's a proven history of terrorism against the United States, Europe or our allies until we fully understand how to end these threats.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/07/22/us/politics/trump-immigration-ban-how-could-it-work.html |title=Trump Vows to Stop Immigration From Nations 'Compromised' by Terrorism. How Could It Work? |last=Park |first=Haeyoun |date=July 22, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 25, 2016}}</ref>
On January 27, 2017, Trump signed [[Executive Order 13769]], which suspended admission of refugees for 120 days and denied entry to citizens of Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen for 90 days, citing security concerns. The order was imposed without warning and took effect immediately.<ref name="BBC.March.6.17">{{cite news |title=Trump signs new travel ban directive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39183153 |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |work=BBC News |date=March 6, 2017}}</ref> Confusion and protests caused chaos at airports.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grinberg |first1=Emanuella |last2=Park |first2=Madison |title=2nd day of protests over Trump's immigration policies |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/29/politics/us-immigration-protests/ |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/28/airports-us-immigration-ban-muslim-countries-trump |title=US airports on frontline as Donald Trump's travel ban causes chaos and protests |date=January 28, 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=July 19, 2017}}</ref> [[Sally Yates]], the acting [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]], directed Justice Department lawyers not to defend the executive order, which she deemed unenforceable and unconstitutional;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/30/politics/donald-trump-immigration-order-department-of-justice/index.html |title=Trump fires acting AG after she declines to defend travel ban |first1=Evan |last1=Perez |first2=Jeremy |last2=Diamond |author2link=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |website=[[CNN]] |date=January 30, 2017 |accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref> Trump immediately dismissed her.<ref>{{cite web |title=Statement on the Appointment of Dana Boente as Acting Attorney General |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/30/statement-appointment-dana-boente-acting-attorney-general |website=The White House |accessdate=August 29, 2017 |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Fires Acting Attorney General Who Defied Him |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/trump-immigration-ban-memo.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=August 29, 2017 |date=January 30, 2017 |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Mark |last2=Landler |author2link=Mark Landler |first3=Matt |last3=Apuzzo |author3link=Matt Apuzzo |first4=Eric |last4=Lichtblau}}</ref> [[Legal challenges to Executive Orders 13769 and 13780|Multiple legal challenges]] were filed against the order, and on February{{nbsp}}5 a federal judge in Seattle blocked its implementation nationwide.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=February 4, 2017 |first1=Devlin |last1=Barrett |first2=Dan |last2=Frosch |title=Federal Judge Temporarily Halts Trump Order on Immigration, Refugees |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/legal-feud-over-trump-immigration-order-turns-to-visa-revocations-1486153216}}</ref><ref name="LiptakStands">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 5, 2017 |first=Adam |last=Liptak |authorlink=Adam Liptak |title=Where Trump's Travel Ban Stands |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/05/us/politics/trumps-travel-ban.html}}</ref> On March 6, Trump issued [[Executive Order 13780|a revised order]], which excluded Iraq, gave specific exemptions for [[Permanent residence (United States)|permanent residents]], and removed priorities for Christian minorities.<ref name="Chakraborty3/6/17">{{cite news |last=Chakraborty |first=Barnini |title=Trump Signs New Immigration Order, Narrows Scope of Travel Ban |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/03/06/trump-signs-new-immigration-order-narrows-scope-travel-ban.html |date=March 6, 2017 |website=[[Fox News]] |accessdate=March 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name="BBC.March.6.17" /> Again federal judges in three states blocked its implementation.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |date=March 15, 2017 |first1=Dan |last1=Levine |first2=Mica |last2=Rosenberg |title=Hawaii judge halts Trump's new travel ban before it can go into effect |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-court-idUSKBN16M17N}}</ref> On June 26, 2017, the [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] ruled that the ban could be enforced on visitors who lack a "credible claim of a ''bona fide'' relationship with a person or entity in the United States".<ref name="TravelBanScotus1">{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-travel-ban-supreme-court-20170626-story.html |title=Trump says Supreme Court decision on travel ban a 'clear victory for our national security' |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |first=Mark |last=Sherman |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=June 26, 2017 |accessdate=June 27, 2017}}</ref>
The temporary order was replaced by [[Presidential Proclamation 9645]] on September 24, 2017, which permanently restricts travel from the originally targeted countries except Iraq and Sudan, and further bans travelers from North Korea and Chad, along with certain Venezuelan officials.<ref name="Guardian.Oct.10.13">{{cite news |last=Laughland |first=Oliver |date=September 25, 2017 |title=Trump travel ban extended to blocks on North Korea, Venezuela and Chad |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/sep/25/trump-travel-ban-extended-to-blocks-on-north-korea-and-venezuela |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=October 13, 2017}}</ref> After lower courts partially blocked the new restrictions, the Supreme Court allowed the September version to go into full effect on December 4,<ref>{{cite news |title=Supreme Court lets Trump's latest travel ban go into full effect |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-court-immigration/supreme-court-lets-trumps-latest-travel-ban-go-into-full-effect-idUSKBN1DY2NY |first=Lawrence |last=Hurley |date=December 4, 2017 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> and ultimately upheld the travel ban in a June 2019 ruling.<ref name=Wagner>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/supreme-court-travel-ban/index.html |title=Supreme Court upholds Trump's travel ban |website=[[CNN]] |date=June 26, 2018 |accessdate=June 26, 2018 |last1=Wagner |first1=Meg |last2=Ries |first2=Brian}}</ref>
==== Family separation at border ====
{{Main|Trump administration family separation policy}}
In April 2018, Trump enacted a "[[Trump administration family separation policy|zero tolerance]]" immigration policy that temporarily took adults irregularly entering the U.S. into custody for criminal prosecution and forcibly separated children from parents, eliminating the policy of previous administrations, which had made exceptions for families with children.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/danvergano/health-effects-parent-child-separation |title=Immigrant Children Who Are Forcibly Separated From Their Parents Face Long-Term Trauma |last=Vergano |first=Dan |accessdate=June 20, 2018 |date=June 15, 2018 |work=[[BuzzFeed News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Bachega |first=Hugo |title=Separation of migrant families: What other countries do |website=[[BBC Online]] |date=June 7, 2018 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44374756}}</ref> By mid-June, more than 2,300 children had been placed in shelters, including [[Department of Health and Human Services]]-designated "tender age" shelters for children under thirteen,<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=June 20, 2018 |first1=Garance |last1=Burke |first2=Martha |last2=Mendoza |title=Toddlers Separated From Parents at the Border Are Being Detained in 'Tender Age' Shelters |accessdate=July 24, 2018 |url=http://time.com/5316764/toddler-immigrants-tender-age-shelters/ |archivedate=June 20, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620044511/http://time.com/5316764/toddler-immigrants-tender-age-shelters/}}</ref> culminating in demands from Democrats, Republicans, Trump allies, and religious groups that the policy be rescinded.<ref name=Colvin>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/5314595/donald-trump-family-separation-policy-dividing-republicans/ |title=President Trump's Family Separation Policy Is Dividing Republicans |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=June 18, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=Colvin |first=Jill |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618091110/http://time.com/5314595/donald-trump-family-separation-policy-dividing-republicans/ |archive-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Trump falsely asserted that his administration was merely following the law.<ref name=Davis>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/15/us/politics/trump-immigration-separation-border.html |title=Separated at the Border From Their Parents: In Six Weeks, 1,995 Children |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 15, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=Davis |first=Julie}}</ref><ref name=McArdle>{{cite news |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/news/white-house-blames-democrats-for-separation-of-families-at-border/ |title=White House Blames Democrats for Separation of Families at Border |website=[[National Review]] |date=June 15, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=McArdle |first=Mairead}}</ref><ref name=Sarlin>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/immigration-border-crisis/despite-claims-gop-immigration-bill-would-not-end-family-separation-n883701 |title=Despite claims, GOP immigration bill would not end family separation, experts say |website=[[NBC News]] |date=June 15, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=Sarlin |first=Benjy}}</ref>
On June 20, Trump signed an executive order to end family separations at the U.S. border.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 20, 2018 |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Abby |last2=Goodnough |first3=Maggie |last3=Haberman |author3link=Maggie Haberman |title=Trump Retreats on Separating Families, but Thousands May Remain Apart |accessdate=June 20, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/20/us/politics/trump-immigration-children-executive-order.html}}</ref> On June 26 a federal judge in San Diego issued a preliminary injunction requiring the Trump administration to stop detaining immigrant parents separately from their minor children, and to reunite family groups who had been separated at the border.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/26/politics/federal-court-order-family-separations/index.html |title=Federal judge orders reunification of parents and children, end to most family separations at border |last=Jarrett |first=Laura |date=June 27, 2018 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=June 28, 2018}}</ref>
==== 2018–2019 federal government shutdown ====
[[File:Donald Trump visits San Diego border wall prototypes.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|Trump examines border wall prototypes in [[Otay Mesa, California]]]]
{{Main|2018–19 United States federal government shutdown}}
On December 22, 2018, the federal government was partially shut down after Trump declared that any funding extension must include $5.6 billion in federal funds for a [[Trump border wall|U.S.–Mexico border wall]] to partly fulfill his campaign promise.<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Julie Hirschfeld |last1=Davis |author1link=Julie Hirschfeld Davis |first2=Michael |last2=Tackett |author2link=Michael Tackett |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/02/us/politics/trump-congress-shutdown.html |title=Trump and Democrats Dig In After Talks to Reopen Government Go Nowhere |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 2, 2019 |access-date=January 3, 2019}}</ref> The shutdown was caused by a lapse in funding for nine federal departments, affecting about one-fourth of federal government activities.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wamsley |first=Laurel |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/01/09/683642605/how-is-the-shutdown-affecting-america-let-us-count-the-ways |title=How Is The Shutdown Affecting America? Let Us Count The Ways |date=January 9, 2019 |website=[[NPR]]}}</ref> Trump said he would not accept any bill that does not include funding for the wall, and Democrats, who control the House, said they would not support any bill that does. Senate Republicans have said they will not advance any legislation that Trump would not sign.<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Damian |last1=Paletta |author1link=Damian Paletta |first2=Erica |last2=Werner |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trump-falsely-claims-mexico-is-paying-for-wall-demands-taxpayer-money-before-meeting-with-top-democrats/2019/01/02/408bf86e-0e97-11e9-8938-5898adc28fa2_story.html |title=Trump falsely claims Mexico is paying for wall, demands taxpayer money for wall in meeting with Democrats |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 2, 2019 |access-date=January 3, 2019}}</ref> In earlier negotiations with Democratic leaders, Trump commented that he would be "proud to shut down the government for border security".<ref name=Nakamura-190109>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/hes-a-gut-politician-trumps-go-to-negotiating-tactics-not-working-in-shutdown-standoff/2019/01/09/c7bb5ff2-142b-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html |title='He's a gut politician': Trump's go-to negotiating tactics aren't working in shutdown standoff |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 9, 2019 |accessdate=January 10, 2019 |first1=David |last1=Nakamura |first2=Seung Min |last2=Kim}}</ref>
=== Foreign policy ===
{{Main|Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration}}
[[File:-G7Biarritz (48632299348).jpg|thumb|Trump with [[Angela Merkel]], [[Emmanuel Macron]], [[Justin Trudeau]] and other leaders at the [[45th G7 summit]] in France]]
[[File:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, King Salman of Saudi Arabia, Melania Trump, and Donald Trump, May 2017.jpg|thumb|Trump, King [[Salman of Saudi Arabia]], and Egyptian president [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] at the [[2017 Riyadh summit]] in Saudi Arabia]]
Trump has been described as a [[Non-interventionism|non-interventionist]]<ref name="Cassidy">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/donald-trump-is-transforming-the-g-o-p-into-a-populist-nativist-party |title=Donald Trump Is Transforming the G.O.P. Into a Populist, Nativist Party |last=Cassidy |first=John |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=February 29, 2016 |accessdate=March 5, 2016}}</ref><ref name="rucker">{{cite news |first1=Philip |last1=Rucker |author1link=Philip Rucker |first2=Robert |last2=Costa |author2link=Robert Costa (journalist) |title=Trump questions need for NATO, outlines noninterventionist foreign policy |date=March 21, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/}}</ref> and an [[American nationalist]].<ref name="nationalinterest.org">{{cite news |url=https://nationalinterest.org/feature/donald-trump-american-nationalist-14237 |title=Donald Trump, American Nationalist |newspaper=[[The National Interest]] |date=November 3, 2015 |first=Colin |last=Dueck}}</ref> He has repeatedly said he supports an "[[America First (policy)|America First]]" foreign policy.<ref>{{cite news |first=Christiane |last=Amanpour |authorlink=Christiane Amanpour |title=Donald Trump's speech: 'America first', but an America absent from the world |date=July 22, 2016 |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/07/22/opinions/donald-trump-speech-amanpour/}}</ref> He supports increasing United States military defense spending,<ref name="nationalinterest.org" /> but favors decreasing United States spending on [[NATO]] and in the Pacific region.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump reveals his isolationist foreign-policy instincts |date=May 22, 2016 |website=[[The Economist]] |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2016/03/aipac-and-foreign-policy}}</ref> He says America should look inward, stop "nation building", and re-orient its resources toward domestic needs.<ref name="rucker" />
His foreign policy has been marked by repeated praise and support of [[authoritarian]] [[Strongman (politics)|strongmen]] and criticism of [[Liberal democracy|democratically-led governments]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/10/01/can-u.s.-democracy-policy-survive-trump-pub-77381 |title=Can U.S. Democracy Policy Survive Trump? |last=Carothers |first=Thomas |last2=Brown |first2=Frances Z. |date=October 1, 2019 |website=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] |access-date=October 19, 2019}}</ref> Trump has cited China's president [[Xi Jinping]],<ref>{{cite news |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=March 4, 2018 |title=US President Donald Trump praises China's Xi Jinping for consolidating grip on power |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-president-donald-trump-praises-chinas-xi-jinping-for-consolidating-grip-on-power/a-42817441}}</ref> Philippines president [[Rodrigo Duterte]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/3857619/donald-trump-praises-philippines-duterte/ |title=Donald Trump repeatedly praises Philippines' President Duterte during Asia trip |website=[[Global News]] |date=November 13, 2017 |first1=Jonathan |last1=Lemire |first2=Jill |last2=Colvin}}</ref> Egyptian president [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]],<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Independent]] |date=May 21, 2017 |first=Rachael |last=Revesz |title=Donald Trump praises Egypt President al-Sisi and plans trip to Cairo |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-praises-egypt-president-abdel-fattah-al-sisi-safety-visit-cairo-saudi-arabia-meeting-a7747171.html}}</ref> Turkey's president [[Tayyip Erdoğan]],<ref>{{cite news |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=September 21, 2017 |first1=Margaret |last1=Talev |first2=Jennifer |last2=Jacobs |title=Trump Praises Erdogan for 'High Marks' Amid Crackdown Concerns |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-09-21/trump-praises-erdogan-for-high-marks-amid-crackdown-concerns}}</ref> King [[Salman of Saudi Arabia]],<ref>{{cite news |website=[[CNBC]] |date=November 6, 2017 |first=Angelica |last=LaVito |title=Trump praises Saudi king after crackdown |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/06/trump-praises-saudi-king-after-crackdown.html}}</ref> Italy's prime minister [[Giuseppe Conte]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tpi.it/2018/06/15/trump-elogia-conte/ |title=Donal Trump elogia il premier italiano Giuseppe Conte: "È fantastico" – Video |date=June 15, 2018 |website=TPI News |first=Di Gianluigi |last=Spinaci |language=it}}</ref> Brazil's president [[Jair Bolsonaro]],<ref>{{cite news |website=[[CNBC]] |agency=[[Reuters]] |date=January 1, 2019 |title=Trump praises Brazil's new President Bolsonaro after he vowed to 'strengthen democracy' |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/01/trump-praises-brazils-new-president-bolsonaro-after-he-vowed-to-strengthen-democracy-.html}}</ref> Indian prime minister [[Narendra Modi]],<ref name="wapost-modi">{{cite news |title=In India, Trump validates Modi's divisive agenda |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/02/24/india-trump-validates-modis-divisive-agenda/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 24, 2020}}</ref> and Hungarian prime minister [[Viktor Orbán]] as examples of good leaders.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/03/trump-xi-jinping-dictators/554810/ |title=Nine Notorious Dictators, Nine Shout-Outs From Donald Trump |first=Krishnadev |last=Calamur |date=March 4, 2018 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Trump has also praised Poland under the EU-skeptic, anti-immigrant [[Law and Justice]] party (PiS) as a defender of Western civilization.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amid protests, Polish leader puts brakes on judicial shakeup |url=https://www.apnews.com/661a8708f4454d6ab3a0d11e7d896c7e |website=[[AP News]] |date=July 24, 2017 |first=Vanessa |last=Gera}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump praised Poland as a defender of the West. But their democracy is unraveling |url=https://www.vox.com/world/2017/7/20/16003480/poland-supreme-court-democracy-trump |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=July 20, 2017 |first=Lindsay |last=Maizland}}</ref>
==== ISIS and war ====
In April 2017, Trump ordered a [[2017 Shayrat missile strike|missile strike]] against a Syrian airfield in retaliation for the [[Khan Shaykhun chemical attack]].<ref name="bbcnewssyriawartrumpsmissilestrike">{{cite news |title=Syria war: Trump's missile strike attracts US praise – and barbs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39529605 |accessdate=April 8, 2017 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=April 7, 2017}}</ref> According to investigative journalist [[Bob Woodward]], Trump had ordered his defense secretary James Mattis to assassinate [[President of Syria|Syrian president]] [[Bashar al-Assad]] after the chemical attack, but Mattis declined; Trump denied doing so.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump denies he wanted Syria leader killed |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45425413 |accessdate=December 20, 2018 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=September 5, 2018}}</ref> In April 2018, he announced [[2018 bombing of Damascus and Homs|missile strikes]] against Assad's regime, following a suspected chemical attack near [[Damascus]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/us-strikes-syria-after-suspected-chemical-attack-by-assad-regime |first=Kathleen |last=Joyce |title=US strikes Syria after suspected chemical attack by Assad regime |date=April 14, 2018 |website=[[Fox News]] |accessdate=April 14, 2018}}</ref>
In December 2018, Trump declared "we have won against ISIS," and ordered the withdrawal of all troops from Syria, contradicting Department of Defense assessments.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/19/us/politics/trump-syria-turkey-troop-withdrawal.html |title=Trump withdraws U.S. Forces From Syria, Declaring 'We Have Won Against ISIS' |first1=Mark |last1=Landler |author1link=Mark Landler |first2=Helene |last2=Cooper |author2link=Helene Cooper |first3=Eric |last3=Schmitt |author3link=Eric P. Schmitt |date=December 19, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=December 31, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Syria conflict: Trump's withdrawal plan shocks allies |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46628811 |accessdate=December 20, 2018 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=December 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |author1link=Julian Borger |last2=Chulov |first2=Martin |title=Trump shocks allies and advisers with plan to pull US troops out of Syria |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/dec/19/us-troops-syria-withdrawal-trump |accessdate=December 20, 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=December 20, 2018}}</ref> Mattis resigned the next day over disagreements in foreign policy, calling this decision an abandonment of [[Rojava|Kurd allies]] who had played a key role in fighting ISIS.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cooper |first=Helene |authorlink=Helene Cooper |title=Jim Mattis, Defense Secretary, Resigns in Rebuke of Trump's Worldview |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/20/us/politics/jim-mattis-defense-secretary-trump.html |accessdate=December 21, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 20, 2018}}</ref> One week after his announcement, Trump said he would not approve any extension of the American deployment in Syria.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 6, 2019 |first=Karoun |last=Demirjian |authorlink=Karoun Demirjian |title=Contradicting Trump, Bolton says no withdrawal from Syria until ISIS destroyed, Kurds' safety guaranteed |accessdate=January 6, 2019 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/bolton-promises-no-troop-withdrawal-from-syria-until-isis-contained-kurds-safety-guaranteed/2019/01/06/ee219bba-11c5-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html}}</ref> On January 6, 2019, national security advisor [[John Bolton]] announced America would remain in Syria until ISIS is eradicated and Turkey guarantees it will not strike America's Kurdish allies.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 6, 2019 |first1=David E. |last1=Sanger |author1link=David E. Sanger |first2=Noah |last2=Weiland |first3=Eric |last3=Schmitt |author3link=Eric P. Schmitt |title=Bolton Puts Conditions on Syria Withdrawal, Suggesting a Delay of Months or Years |accessdate=January 6, 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/06/world/middleeast/bolton-syria-pullout.html}}</ref>
Trump actively supported the [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]] against the [[Houthis]] and signed a $110 billion agreement to sell arms to Saudi Arabia.<ref name="prince">{{cite news |title=Trump praises arms sales as he meets Saudi crown prince |url=https://www.ft.com/content/94204940-2c47-11e8-9b4b-bc4b9f08f381 |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=March 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Senate Votes Down Ending Trump's Support for Saudi-led War in Yemen |url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/senate-votes-down-ending-trump-s-support-for-saudi-led-war-in-yemen-1.5931874 |work=[[Haaretz]] |date=May 21, 2018}}</ref><ref name=Phelps-170520>{{cite news |title=Trump signs $110 billion arms deal with Saudi Arabia on 'a tremendous day' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-signs-110-billion-arms-deal-saudi-arabia/story?id=47531180 |website=[[ABC News]] |date=May 20, 2017 |accessdate=July 6, 2018 |first1=Jordyn |last1=Phelps |first2=Ryan |last2=Struyk}}</ref> Trump also praised his relationship with [[Saudi Arabia]]'s powerful Crown Prince [[Mohammad bin Salman]].<ref name="prince"/>
U.S. troop numbers in [[Afghanistan]] increased from 8,500 to 14,000, {{as of|2017|1|lc=y}},<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jaffe |first1=Greg |last2=Ryan |first2=Missy |author2link=Missy Ryan |title=Up to 1,000 more U.S. troops could be headed to Afghanistan this spring |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/up-to-1000-more-us-troops-could-be-headed-to-afghanistan-this-spring/2018/01/21/153930b6-fd1b-11e7-a46b-a3614530bd87_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 21, 2018}}</ref> reversing Trump's pre-election position critical of further involvement in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gordon |first1=Michael R. |author1link=Michael R. Gordon |last2=Schmitt |first2=Eric |author2link=Eric P. Schmitt |last3=Haberman |first3=Maggie |author3link=Maggie Haberman |title=Trump Settles on Afghan Strategy Expected to Raise Troop Levels |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/20/world/asia/trump-afghanistan-strategy-mattis.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 20, 2017}}</ref> U.S. officials said then that they aimed to "force the Taliban to negotiate a political settlement"; in January 2018, however, Trump spoke against talks with the Taliban.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rampton |first1=Roberta |last2=Landay |first2=Jonathan |title=Trump rejects peace talks with Taliban in departure from Afghan strategy |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-blast-trump/trump-rejects-peace-talks-with-taliban-in-departure-from-afghan-strategy-idUSKBN1FI2BU |work=[[Reuters]] |date=January 29, 2018}}</ref>
[[File:President Trump Meets with the President of Turkey (49060819653).jpg|thumb|Trump with Turkish president Erdoğan in November 2019]]
In October 2019, after Trump spoke to Turkish president [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]], the White House acknowledged that Turkey would be carrying out a planned military offensive into northern Syria; as such, [[American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War|U.S. troops in northern Syria]] were withdrawn from the area to avoid interference with that operation. The statement also passed responsibility for the area's captured ISIS fighters to Turkey.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chappell |first1=Bill |last2=Neuman |first2=Scott |title=In Major Policy Shift, U.S. Will Stand Aside As Turkish Forces Extend Reach In Syria |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/10/07/767777899/in-major-policy-shift-u-s-will-stand-aside-as-turkish-forces-extend-reach-in-syr |accessdate=October 11, 2019 |work=[[NPR]] |date=October 7, 2019}}</ref> In the following days, Trump suggested that the Kurds intentionally released ISIS prisoners in order to gain sympathy, suggested that they were fighting only for their own financial interests, suggested that some of them were worse than ISIS, and termed them "no angels".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/world/middleeast/trump-erdogan-turkey-syria-kurds.html |title=Trump Lashes Out on Syria as Republicans Rebuke Him in House Vote |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |author1link=Peter Baker (journalist) |last2=Edmondson |first2=Catie |date=October 16, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 20, 2019}}</ref>
Congress members of both parties denounced the move, including Republican allies of Trump such as Senator [[Lindsey Graham]]. They argued that the move betrayed the American-allied [[Kurds in Syria|Kurds]], and would benefit ISIS, Turkey, Russia, Iran, and Bashar al-Assad's Syrian regime.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/07/trump-turkey-syria-invasion-037052 |title=Republicans unload on Trump for Syria shift when he needs them most |last=Forgey |first=Quint |date=October 7, 2019 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=October 7, 2019}}</ref> Trump defended the move, citing the high cost of supporting the Kurds, and the lack of support from the Kurds in past U.S. wars.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/white-house-turkey-military-operation-northern-syria-191007034354242.html |title=US troops start pullout in Syria as Turkey prepares operation |website=[[Al Jazeera]] |access-date=October 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Trump defends Syria decision by saying Kurds 'didn't help us with Normandy' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/oct/09/trump-syria-kurds-normandy |accessdate=October 10, 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=October 9, 2019}}</ref> After the U.S. pullout, [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria|Turkey proceeded to attack Kurdish-controlled areas in northeastern Syria]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Turkey Syria offensive: Tens of thousands flee homes |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50008418 |accessdate=October 11, 2019 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=October 10, 2019}}</ref> On October 16, the United States House of Representatives, in a rare bipartisan vote of 354 to 60, "condemned" Trump's withdrawal of U.S. troops from Syria for "abandoning U.S. allies, undermining the struggle against ISIS, and spurring a humanitarian catastrophe".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/16/house-condemns-trumps-syria-pull-out-000286 |title=House condemns Trump's Syria withdrawal |last=O'Brien |first=Connor |date=October 16, 2019 |website=[[Politico]] |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/us/politics/house-vote-trump-syria.html |title=In Bipartisan Rebuke, House Majority Condemns Trump for Syria Withdrawal |last=Edmondson |first=Catie |date=October 16, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref>
==== Iran ====
{{see also|Iran–United States relations#2017–present: Trump administration | United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis}}
Trump has described the regime in Iran as "the rogue regime", although he has also asserted he does not seek regime change.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Weiler |first1=Yuram Abdullah |title=What is Basij and how does it function against U.S. and Zionism? |url=http://english.khamenei.ir/news/5306/What-is-Basij-and-how-does-it-function-against-U-S-and-Zionism |website=Khamenei.ir |accessdate=February 6, 2019 |date=December 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 27, 2019 |first=Michael |last=Kranish |authorlink=Michael Kranish |title=Trump says he is not seeking 'regime change' in Iran |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-says-he-is-not-seeking-regime-change-in-iran/2019/05/27/94d3053a-808d-11e9-933d-7501070ee669_story.html}}</ref> He has repeatedly criticized the [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action]] (JCPOA or "Iran nuclear deal") that was negotiated with the United States, Iran, and five other world powers in 2015, calling it "terrible" and saying the Obama administration had negotiated the agreement "from desperation".<ref name="KatyTurIranInterview">{{cite news |website=[[NBC News]] |date=July 14, 2015 |first=Katy |last=Tur |authorlink=Katy Tur |title=Donald Trump Weighs in on Iran Deal |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/donald-trump-weighs-iran-deal-n391926}}</ref><ref name="AP180508"/><ref>{{cite news |first=Igor |last=Bobic |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-iran-deal_55d0a844e4b0ab468d9d907e |title=Donald Trump Would Not Rip Up The Iran Deal |work=[[HuffPost]] |date=August 16, 2015 |accessdate=August 17, 2019}}</ref>
Following Iran's ballistic missile tests on January 29, 2017, the Trump administration imposed sanctions on 25 Iranian individuals and entities in February 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |author1link=Julian Borger |last2=Smith |first2=David |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/01/iran-trump-michael-flynn-on-notice |title=Trump administration 'officially putting Iran on notice', says Michael Flynn |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=February 2, 2017 |accessdate=November 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump administration tightens Iran sanctions, Tehran hits back |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-usa-idUSKBN15H253 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=February 3, 2016 |last=Torbati |first=Yeganeh}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |author1link=Julian Borger |last2=Smith |first2=David |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/03/trump-administration-iran-sanctions |title=Trump administration imposes new sanctions on Iran |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=February 3, 2017 |accessdate=November 9, 2018}}</ref> Trump reportedly lobbied "dozens" of European officials against doing business with Iran during the May [[2017 Brussels summit]]; this likely violated the terms of the JCPOA, under which the U.S. may not pursue "any policy specifically intended to directly and adversely affect the normalization of trade and economic relations with Iran". The Trump administration certified in July 2017 that Iran had upheld its end of the agreement.<ref>{{cite news |last=Aleem |first=Zeeshan |url=https://www.vox.com/2017/7/21/16003746/trump-iran-deal-zarif |title=Iran says the US is violating the nuclear deal. It has a point |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=July 21, 2017 |accessdate=July 22, 2017}}</ref> On August 2, 2017, Trump signed into law the [[Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act]] (CAATSA) that grouped together [[United States sanctions against Iran|sanctions against Iran]], Russia, and North Korea.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-usa-sanctions-idUSKBN1AI2N0 |title=Iran says new U.S. sanctions violate nuclear deal, vows 'proportional reaction' |website=[[Reuters]] |date=August 2, 2017}}</ref> On May 18, 2018, Trump announced [[United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|the United States' unilateral departure]] from the JCPOA.<ref name="AP180508">{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/cead755353a1455bbef08ef289448994/Trump-decides-to-exit-nuclear-accord-with-Iran |title=Trump declares US leaving 'horrible' Iran nuclear accord |last=Lederman |first=Josh |date=May 8, 2018 |website=[[AP News]] |accessdate=May 8, 2018}}</ref>
In May 2017, strained relations between the U.S. and Iran escalated when Trump deployed military bombers and a carrier group to the Persian Gulf. Trump hinted at war on social media, provoking a response from Iran for what Iranian foreign minister [[Javad Zarif]] called "genocidal taunts".<ref name=Budryk-190519>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/444502-trump-i-will-not-let-iran-have-nuclear-weapons |title=Trump: 'I will not let Iran have nuclear weapons' |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=May 19, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Zack |last=Budryk}}</ref><ref name=Chamberlain-190519>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-war-iran-never-threaten-united-states |title=Trump says war will mean 'official end of Iran', warns 'never threaten the United States again' |work=[[Fox News]] |date=May 19, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Samuel |last=Chamberlain}}</ref><ref name=Wintour-190520>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/20/iran-trump-tweet-genocidal-taunts |title=Iran hits back at Trump for tweeting 'genocidal taunts' |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=May 20, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Patrick |last=Wintour}}</ref> Trump and Saudi Crown Prince [[Mohammad bin Salman]] are allies in the [[Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict|conflict with Iran]].<ref>{{cite news |title=U.S. Tells Saudi Arabia Oil Attacks Were Launched From Iran |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-tells-saudi-arabia-oil-attacks-were-launched-from-iran-11568644126 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=September 17, 2019 |first1=Dion |last1=Nissenbaum |first2=Summer |last2=Said |first3=Jared |last3=Malsin}}</ref> Trump approved the deployment of additional U.S. troops to Saudi Arabia and the [[United Arab Emirates]] following the [[2019 Abqaiq–Khurais attack|attack on Saudi oil facilities]] which the United States has blamed on Iran.<ref>{{cite news |title=US to deploy more troops to Saudi Arabia after attack on oil industry |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/sep/20/us-troops-saudia-arabia-iran-oil-industry-attack |work=The Guardian |date=September 21, 2019}}</ref> He also ordered [[2020 Baghdad International Airport airstrike|a targeted U.S. airstrike]] on January 2, 2020, which killed Iranian [[Major general|Major General]] and [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]] [[Quds Force]] commander [[Qasem Soleimani]] and Iraqi [[Popular Mobilization Forces]] commander [[Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis]], as well as eight other people.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/02/world/middleeast/qassem-soleimani-iraq-iran-attack.html |title=U.S. Strike in Iraq Kills Qassim Suleimani, Commander of Iranian Forces |last1=Crowley |first1=Michael |author1link=Michael Crowley (journalist) |last2=Hassan |first2=Falih |last3=Schmitt |first3=Eric |author3link=Eric P. Schmitt |date=2020-01-02 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2020-01-03}}</ref> Trump publicly threatened to attack Iranian cultural sites if Iran retaliated; such an attack by the U.S. would violate international law.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=David |title=Suleimani killing: Donald Trump defends threat to hit cultural sites in Iran |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/06/suleimani-killing-donald-trump-defends-threat-to-hit-cultural-sites-in-iran |accessdate=January 6, 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=January 6, 2020}}</ref> On January 8, 2020, the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]] launched [[2020 Iranian attack on U.S. forces in Iraq|multiple ballistic missiles]] on two U.S. airbases in [[Iraq]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran attack: Missiles fired at US forces in Iraq |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-middle-east-51029181 |website=[[BBC]] |accessdate=8 January 2020}}</ref>
==== Israel ====
{{see also|Israel–United States relations#Trump administration (2017–present)}}
[[File:President Trump visit to Israel May 22-23, 2017 DSC 3982F (34847749905).jpg|thumb|Trump and Israeli prime minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] at [[Yad Vashem]], May 2017]]
Trump has supported the policies of Israeli Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-how-trump-and-netanyahu-became-each-other-s-most-effective-political-weapon-1.7569757 |title=How Trump and Netanyahu Became Each Other's Most Effective Political Weapon |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |first=Allison Kaplan |last=Sommer |date=July 25, 2019 |access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref> He officially [[United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel|recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel]] on December 6, 2017, despite criticism and warnings from world leaders. He subsequently opened a new U.S. embassy in [[Jerusalem]] in May 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/06/trump-move-embassy-jerusalem-israel-reaction-281973 |last1=Nelson |first1=Louis |last2=Nussbaum |first2=Matthew |title=Trump says U.S. recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's capital, despite global condemnation |website=[[Politico]] |date=December 6, 2017 |accessdate=December 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[Ynetnews]] |title=US Embassy opens in Jerusalem: 'When Trump makes a promise, he keeps it' |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5260407,00.html |accessdate=July 25, 2018 |date=May 14, 2018}}</ref> The [[United Nations General Assembly]] condemned the move, adopting a resolution that "calls upon all States to refrain from the establishment of diplomatic missions in the Holy City of Jerusalem".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/ES-10/L.22&Submit=Search&Lang=E |title=Illegal Israeli actions in Occupied East Jerusalem and the rest of the Occupied Palestinian Territory – Turkey and Yemen: draft resolution – Status of Jerusalem |website=[[United Nations General Assembly]] |date=December 19, 2017 |accessdate=December 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/21/world/middleeast/trump-jerusalem-united-nations.html |title=Defying Trump, U.N. General Assembly Condemns U.S. Decree on Jerusalem |first=Rick |last=Gladstone |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 21, 2017 |accessdate=December 21, 2017}}</ref> In March 2019, Trump reversed decades of U.S. policy by [[United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel|recognizing]] [[Golan Heights Law|Israel's annexation]] of the [[Golan Heights]],<ref>{{cite news |title='The jungle is back.' With his Golan Heights tweet, Trump emboldens the annexation agendas of the world's strongmen |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-the-jungle-is-back-with-his-golan-heights-tweet-trump-will/ |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |date=March 22, 2019 |first=Mark |last=MacKinnon |authorlink=Mark MacKinnon}}</ref> a move condemned by the [[European Union]] and the [[Arab League]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Outcry as Trump backs Israeli sovereignty over Golan Heights |url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/03/22/outcry-as-trump-backs-israeli-sovereignty-over-golan-heights |website=[[Euronews]] |date=March 22, 2019 |first=Natalie |last=Huet |agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>
==== China ====
{{See also|China–United States relations#Trump's presidency (2017–)|China–United States trade war}}
Before and during his presidency, Trump has repeatedly accused China of taking unfair advantage of the U.S.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-idUSKCN1UX1WO |title=Trump says China is 'killing us with unfair trade deals' |date=August 7, 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=August 24, 2019 |first1=Nandita |last1=Bose |first2=Andrea |last2=Shalal}}</ref> During his presidency, Trump has [[China–United States trade war|launched a trade war against China]], sanctioned [[Huawei]] for its alleged ties to Iran,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2019/05/21/huawei-why-facing-sanctions-and-who-get-hurt-most/3750738002/ |title=Huawei sanctions: Who gets hurt in dispute? |website=[[USA Today]] |access-date=August 24, 2019 |first1=Frank |last1=Bajak |first2=Michael |last2=Liedtke}}</ref> significantly increased visa restrictions on Chinese nationality students and scholars<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://time.com/5600299/donald-trump-china-trade-war-students/ |title=Trump's Next Trade War Target: Chinese Students in the U.S. |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/04/25/716032871/visas-are-the-newest-weapon-in-u-s-china-rivalry |title=Visas Are The Newest Weapon In U.S.-China Rivalry |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=April 25, 2019 |access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref> and classified China as a "[[currency manipulator]]".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/06/trade-war-china-responds-to-us-after-claim-of-being-a-currency-manipulator.html |title=China responds to US after Treasury designates Beijing a 'currency manipulator' |last=Meredith |first=Sam |date=August 6, 2019 |publisher=[[CNBC]] |access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> In the wake of the significant deterioration of relations, many political observers have warned against a [[Second Cold War|new cold war]] between China and the U.S.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a3062586-a9ac-11e9-984c-fac8325aaa04 |title=Getting acclimatised to the US–China cold war |website=[[Financial Times]] |access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3022587/china-us-cold-war-inevitable-chinese-analysts-say-it-cant-be |title=Is China–US cold war inevitable? Chinese analysts say it can't be ruled out |date=August 14, 2019 |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/cold-war-africa-190630102044847.html |title=A new cold war in Africa |last=Maru |first=Mehari Taddele |website=www.aljazeera.com |access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref>
==== North Korea ====
{{See also|North Korea–United States relations}}
[[File:Kim and Trump shaking hands at the red carpet during the DPRK–USA Singapore Summit.jpg|thumb|Trump meets [[Kim Jong-un]] at [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|the Singapore summit]], June 2018.]]
In 2017, North Korea's nuclear weapons became increasingly seen as a serious threat to the United States.<ref name="scarier">{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Adam |last2=Meko |first2=Tim |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/12/21/what-made-north-koreas-weapons-programs-so-much-scarier-in-2017/ |title=What made North Korea's weapons programs so much scarier in 2017 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 21, 2017 |access-date=July 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/29/asia/north-korea-intercontinental-ballistic-missile-test/index.html |title=US slams North Korea missile test as Kim claims 'whole US mainland' in reach |last=Lendon |first=Brad |date=July 30, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=August 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Wright |first=David |title=North Korean ICBM Appears Able to Reach Major US Cities |url=https://allthingsnuclear.org/dwright/new-north-korean-icbm |website=All Things Nuclear |publisher=[[Union of Concerned Scientists]] |accessdate=July 28, 2017 |date=July 28, 2017}}</ref> In August, Trump dramatically escalated his rhetoric against North Korea, warning that further provocations against the U.S. would be met with "fire and fury like the world has never seen".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-escalates-rhetoric-on-threat-from-north-korea/2017/08/10/ff49e018-7ded-11e7-83c7-5bd5460f0d7e_story.html |title=Trump reiterates warning to N. Korea: 'Fire and fury' may not have been 'tough enough' |last1=Rucker |first1=Philip |author1link=Philip Rucker |last2=DeYoung |first2=Karen |author2link=Karen DeYoung |date=August 10, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=December 21, 2018}}</ref> In response, North Korean leader [[Kim Jong-un]] threatened to direct a missile test toward [[Guam]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-08-10/north-korea-details-plan-to-fire-missile-salvo-toward-guam |title=Trump doubles down on 'fire and fury' vow as wargames near |last1=Talmadge |first1=Eric |last2=Lemire |first2=Jonathan |date=August 11, 2017 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |accessdate=September 30, 2017}}</ref>
On June 12, 2018, Trump and Kim held [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|a summit]] in Singapore,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump-Kim summit: Kim Jong Un gave unwavering commitment to denuclearisation, says Trump |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/north-korean-leader-kim-gave-unwavering-commitment-to-denuclearisation-trump |website=[[The Straits Times]] |accessdate=June 13, 2018 |date=June 12, 2018 |first1=Jeremy Au |last1=Yong |first2=Tan Dawn |last2=Wei}}</ref> resulting in North Korea affirming its promise to work toward complete denuclearization.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joint Statement of President Donald J. Trump of the United States of America and Chairman Kim Jong Un of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea at the Singapore Summit |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/joint-statement-president-donald-j-trump-united-states-america-chairman-kim-jong-un-democratic-peoples-republic-korea-singapore-summit/ |website=The White House |accessdate=June 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Rosenfeld">{{cite news |last=Rosenfeld |first=Everett |title=Document signed by Trump and Kim includes four main elements related to 'peace regime' |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/12/trump-and-kim-sign-agreement-document-after-summit-in-singapore.html |website=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=June 12, 2018 |date=June 12, 2018}}</ref> A [[2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit|second summit]] took place in February 2019, in [[Hanoi]], Vietnam.<ref name="partial_relief">{{cite news |last1=Rucker |first1=Philip |author1link=Philip Rucker |last2=Denyer |first2=Simon |last3=Nakamura |first3=David |author3link=David Nakamura |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-and-kim-downplay-expectations-as-key-summit-talks-begin/2019/02/28/d77d752c-3ac5-11e9-aaae-69364b2ed137_story.html |title=North Korea's foreign minister says country seeks only partial sanctions relief |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 28, 2019 |access-date=March 4, 2019}}</ref> It ended abruptly without an agreement, both sides blaming each other and offering differing accounts of the negotiations.<ref name="partial_relief"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Wong |first=Edward |authorlink=Edward Wong |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/28/world/asia/trump-kim-vietnam-summit.html |title=Trump's Talks With Kim Jong-un Collapse, and Both Sides Point Fingers |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 28, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref> On June 30, 2019, Trump, Kim, and South Korean President [[Moon Jae-in]] held [[2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit|brief talks]] in the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone]], marking the first time a sitting U.S. president had set foot on North Korean soil. They agreed to resume negotiations.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/trump-confirms-meet-kim-dmz-190630050353219.html |title=Trump meets North Korea's Kim at DMZ in landmark visit |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=June 30, 2019 |access-date=July 8, 2019}}</ref> Bilateral talks began in Stockholm on October 5, but broke down after one day.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/5693526/north-korea-us-nuclear-diplomacy-sweden/ |title=North Korea Says Nuclear Talks Break Down While U.S. Says They Were 'Good' |first1=Jari |last1=Tanner |first2=Matthew |last2=Lee |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=October 5, 2019 |access-date=February 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007060513/https://time.com/5693526/north-korea-us-nuclear-diplomacy-sweden/ |archive-date=October 7, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==== Russia ====
{{See also|Russia–United States relations}}
[[File:President Trump at the G20 (48144045996).jpg|thumb|Putin and Trump at the [[2019 G20 Osaka summit|G20 Osaka summit]], June 2019]]
During his campaign and as president, Trump has repeatedly asserted that he desires better relations with Russia,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-urges-good-relationship-with-russia-in-tweets/ |title=Donald Trump urges 'good relationship' with Russia in tweets |last=Flores |first=Reena |date=January 7, 2017 |website=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=May 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/trump-gop-russia-sanctions/ |title=GOP warns Trump not to lift Russia sanctions after call with Putin |last=Berry |first=Lynn |date=January 29, 2017 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[PBS NewsHour]] |accessdate=May 2, 2017}}</ref> and he has praised Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] as a strong leader.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/11/14/trump-faces-backlash-over-appointing-bannon-as-a-top-aide-a-choice-critics-say-will-empower-white-nationalists/ |title=Trump, Putin agree in phone call to improve 'unsatisfactory' relations between their countries, Kremlin says |last1=Viebeck |first1=Elise |last2=Markon |first2=Jerry |last3=DeYoung |first3=Karen |author3link=Karen DeYoung |date=November 14, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=March 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/trump-putin-bromance |title=Trump and Putin's Bromance Could Change the World |last=Conrad |first=Peter |date=January 13, 2017 |work=[[GQ]] |accessdate=May 29, 2017}}</ref> He also said Russia could help the U.S. in its [[Military intervention against ISIL|fight against ISIS]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/trump-suggests-us-accept-russias-annexation-crimea/ |title=Trump suggests U.S. accept Russia's annexation of Crimea |date=August 1, 2016 |work=[[PBS NewsHour]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |accessdate=February 19, 2017}}</ref> According to Putin and some political experts and diplomats, the [[Russia–United States relations|U.S.–Russian relations]], which were already at the lowest level since the end of the [[Cold War]], have further deteriorated since Trump took office in January 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=US–Russia relations fail to improve in Trump's first year and they are likely to get worse |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-first-year-inauguration-anniversary-russia-vladimir-putin-relations-moscow-a8168801.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=January 19, 2018 |first=Oliver |last=Carroll}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Vladimir Putin says US–Russia relations are worse since Donald Trump took office |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-vladimir-putin-us-russia-relations-worse-military-syria-chemical-attack-barack-obama-a7679796.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=April 12, 2017 |first=Samuel |last=Osborne}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=U.S.-Russian relations worst Ambassador Antonov can remember |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/u-s-russian-relations-worst-ambassador-antonov-can-remember-n861391 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=March 30, 2018 |first=Alexander |last=Smith}}</ref>
After Trump met Putin at the [[2018 Russia–United States summit|Helsinki Summit]] on July 16, 2018, Trump drew bipartisan criticism for siding with Putin's denial of [[Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election]], rather than accepting the findings of the [[United States intelligence community]].<ref name="zurcher">{{cite news |last=Zurcher |first=Anthony |title=Trump-Putin summit: After Helsinki, the fallout at home |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44830012 |accessdate=July 18, 2018 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=July 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/07/trump-putin/565238/ |title=Trump Sides With the Kremlin, Against the U.S. Government |last=Calamur |first=Krishnadev |date=July 16, 2018 |work=[[The Atlantic]] |accessdate=July 18, 2018}}</ref><ref name="break">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/16/politics/congress-reaction-trump-putin-comments/index.html |title=Top Republicans in Congress break with Trump over Putin comments |last=Fox |first=Lauren |date=July 16, 2018 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=July 18, 2018}}</ref>
Trump has criticized Russia about Syria,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump blames Putin for backing 'Animal Assad' |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/04/08/trump-putin-syria-attack-508223 |work=[[Politico]] |first=Matthew |last=Nussbaum |date=April 8, 2018}}</ref> Ukraine,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump criticizes Russia, calls for defense of Western civilization |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-usa-trump/trump-criticizes-russia-calls-for-defense-of-western-civilization-idUSKBN19R02Q |work=[[Reuters]] |date=July 6, 2017 |first1=Roberta |last1=Rampton |first2=Pawel |last2=Sobczak}}</ref> North Korea,<ref>{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Trump accuses Russia of helping North Korea evade sanctions; says U.S. needs more missile defense |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-exclusive/exclusive-trump-accuses-russia-of-helping-north-korea-evade-sanctions-says-u-s-needs-more-missile-defense-idUSKBN1F62KO |work=[[Reuters]] |first1=Steve |last1=Holland |first2=Roberta |last2=Rampton |first3=Jeff |last3=Mason |date=January 17, 2018}}</ref> Venezuela,<ref>{{cite news |title=Venezuela crisis: Russia hits out at 'boorish' Trump |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-47739503 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=March 28, 2019}}</ref> election meddling,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump vows to 'counteract' any Russia election meddling |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/world/Donald-Trump-Russia-election-meddling-/1068-4331686-h7mbxbz/index.html |work=[[Daily Nation]] |date=March 7, 2018}}</ref> and the Skripal poisoning,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump expelling 60 Russian diplomats in wake of UK nerve agent attack |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/26/politics/us-expel-russian-diplomats/index.html |work=[[CNN]] |first1=Jeremy |last1=Diamond |author1link=Jeremy Diamond |first2=Allie |last2=Malloy |first3=Angela |last3=Dewan |date=March 26, 2018}}</ref> but has sent mixed messages regarding Crimea.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pager |first=Tyler |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/trump-crimea-sanctions-russia-226292 |title=Trump to look at recognizing Crimea as Russian territory, lifting sanctions |website=[[Politico]] |date=July 27, 2016 |access-date=February 13, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Panetta |first=Grace |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-claims-crimea-is-part-of-russia-since-people-speak-russian-g7-summit-2018-6 |title=Trump reportedly claimed to leaders at the G7 that Crimea is part of Russia because everyone there speaks Russian |website=[[Business Insider]] |date=June 14, 2018 |access-date=February 13, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump expects Russia to return Crimea to Ukraine: White House |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-ukraine/trump-expects-russia-to-return-crimea-to-ukraine-white-house-idUSKBN15T2IY |work=[[Reuters]] |date=February 14, 2017}}</ref> He forbade U.S. oil companies from drilling in Russia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump denies Exxon permission to drill for oil in Russia |last2=Egan |first2=Matt |last1=Borak |first1=Donna |url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/04/21/news/companies/trump-exxon-russia-sanctions/index.html |work=[[CNN]] |date=April 21, 2017}}</ref>
==== Cuba ====
{{See also|Cuba–United States relations}}
In November 2017, the Trump administration tightened the rules on trade with [[Cuba]] and individual visits to the country, undoing the Obama administration's [[Cuban thaw|loosening of restrictions]]. According to an administration official, the new rules were intended to hinder trade with businesses with ties to the Cuban military, intelligence and security services.<ref>{{cite news |last=DeYoung |first=Karen |author1link=Karen DeYoung |title=White House implements new Cuba policy restricting travel and trade |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/white-house-implements-new-cuba-policy-restricting-travel-and-trade/2017/11/08/a5597dee-c49b-11e7-aae0-cb18a8c29c65_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 8, 2017}}</ref>
==== Venezuela ====
{{See also|United States–Venezuela relations}}
[[File:President Trump Visits with the Interim President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela to the White House (49494079201).jpg|thumb|Trump with [[Venezuela]]'s opposition leader and interim president, [[Juan Guaidó]], at the White House, February 2020]]
On August 11, 2017, Trump said he is "not going to rule out a military option" to confront the government of [[Nicolás Maduro]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump won't 'rule out a military option' in Venezuela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/08/11/trump-wont-rule-out-a-military-option-in-venezuela/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 11, 2017 |first1=Jenna |last1=Johnson |first2=John |last2=Wagner}}</ref> In September 2018, Trump called "for the restoration of democracy in Venezuela" and said that "socialism has bankrupted the oil-rich nation and driven its people into abject poverty."<ref>{{cite news |title=U.S. sanctions Venezuela officials, Trump slams Maduro |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-venezuela/u-s-sanctions-venezuela-officials-trump-slams-maduro-idUSKCN1M51WC |work=[[Reuters]] |date=September 25, 2018 |first1=Lesley |last1=Wroughton |first2=Brian |last2=Ellsworth}}</ref> On January 23, 2019, Maduro announced that Venezuela was [[2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis|breaking ties]] with the United States following Trump's announcement of recognizing [[Juan Guaidó]], the Venezuelan opposition leader, as the interim president of Venezuela.<ref>{{cite news |title=Venezuela's President breaks diplomatic relations with US over Donald Trump's support of Opposition Leader |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-24/venezuela-breaking-diplomatic-ties-with-united-states/10744854 |website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |agency=[[Reuters]]/[[Associated Press|AP]] |date=January 24, 2019}}</ref>
==== NATO ====
[[File:President Donald Trump and Secretary General Jens Stolenberg Joint Press Conference, April 12, 2017 (01).jpg|thumb|Trump and NATO Secretary General [[Jens Stoltenberg]], April 2017]]
As a candidate, Trump questioned whether he, as president, would automatically extend [[North Atlantic Treaty|security guarantees to NATO members]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/21/us/politics/donald-trump-issues.html |title=Donald Trump Sets Conditions for Defending NATO Allies Against Attack |date=July 20, 2016 |last=Sanger |first=David E. |authorlink=David E. Sanger |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |author2link=Maggie Haberman |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 31, 2016}}</ref> and suggested that he might leave NATO unless changes are made to the alliance.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2016/05/whats-trumps-position-on-nato/ |title=What's Trump's Position on NATO? |website=[[FactCheck.org]] |accessdate=July 31, 2016}}</ref> As president, he reaffirmed the U.S. commitment to NATO in March 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-senate-nato-russia-republicans-562655 |title=Trump supports NATO, but Senate holds up expansion |date=March 1, 2017 |agency=[[Reuters]] |work=[[Newsweek]] |accessdate=May 2, 2017}}</ref> However, he has repeatedly accused fellow NATO members of paying less than their fair share of the expenses of the alliance.<ref>{{cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |authorlink=Peter Baker (journalist) |title=Trump Says NATO Allies Don't Pay Their Share. Is That True? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/world/europe/nato-trump-spending.html |accessdate=July 12, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 26, 2018}}</ref>
In January 2019, ''The New York Times'' quoted senior administration officials as saying Trump has privately suggested on multiple occasions that the United States should withdraw from NATO.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/14/us/politics/nato-president-trump.html |title=Trump Discussed Pulling U.S. From NATO, Aides Say Amid New Concerns Over Russia |last1=Barnes |first1=Julian E. |last2=Cooper |first2=Helene |author2link=Helene Cooper |date=January 14, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 19, 2019}}</ref> The next day Trump said the United States is going to "be with NATO one hundred percent" but repeated that the other countries have to "step up" and pay more.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/17/trump-nato-alliance-pentagon-1108846 |title=Trump: We will be with NATO '100 percent' |last=Morin |first=Rebecca |date=January 17, 2019 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=January 19, 2019}}</ref>
=== Personnel ===
{{Main|Political appointments by Donald Trump|Cabinet of Donald Trump}}
{{See also|Formation of Donald Trump's Cabinet}}
[[File:Donald Trump Cabinet meeting 2017-03-13 04.jpg|thumb|Cabinet meeting, March 2017]]
The Trump administration has been characterized by high turnover, particularly among White House staff. By the end of Trump's first year in office, 34 percent of his original staff had resigned, been fired, or been reassigned.<ref name="Trimble">{{cite news |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2017-12-28/trumps-white-house-has-highest-turnover-rate-in-40-years |title=Trump White House Has Highest Turnover in 40 Years |last=Trimble |first=Megan |date=December 28, 2017 |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> {{As of|2018|7|pre=early}}, 61 percent of Trump's senior aides had left<ref name="Wise -180702">{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/395222-ap-trump-admin-sets-record-for-white-house-turnover |title=AP: Trump admin sets record for White House turnover |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=July 2, 2018 |accessdate=July 3, 2018 |last=Wise |first=Justin}}</ref> and 141 staffers had left in the past year.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/trump-white-house-sets-turnover-records-analysis-shows-n888396 |title=Trump White House sets turnover records, analysis shows |website=[[NBC News]] |date=July 2, 2018 |accessdate=July 3, 2018 |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Both figures set a record for recent presidents{{snd}}more change in the first 13 months than his four immediate predecessors saw in their first two years.<ref name="Keith">{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/03/07/591372397/white-house-staff-turnover-was-already-record-setting-then-more-advisers-left |title=White House Staff Turnover Was Already Record-Setting. Then More Advisers Left |last=Keith |first=Tamara |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> Notable early departures included National Security Advisor [[Mike Flynn]] (after just 25 days in office), Chief of Staff [[Reince Priebus]], replaced by retired Marine general [[John F. Kelly]] on July 28, 2017,<ref name=Baker>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/28/us/politics/reince-priebus-white-house-trump.html |title=Reince Priebus Pushed Out After Rocky Tenure as Trump Chief of Staff |first1=Peter |last1=Baker |authorlink=Peter Baker (journalist) |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman}}</ref> and Press Secretary [[Sean Spicer]].<ref name="Keith" /> Close personal aides to Trump such as [[Steve Bannon]], [[Hope Hicks]], [[John McEntee (political aide)|John McEntee]] and [[Keith Schiller]], have quit or been forced out.<ref name=Brookings />
Trump's cabinet nominations included U.S. senator from Alabama [[Jeff Sessions]] as [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/19/us/politics/jeff-sessions-donald-trump-attorney-general.html |title=Jeff Sessions, as Attorney General, Could Overhaul Department He's Skewered |last=Lichtblau |first=Eric |authorlink=Eric Lichtblau |date=2016-11-18 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2019-12-19}}</ref> financier [[Steve Mnuchin]] as [[Secretary of the Treasury]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-38141686 |title=Former US banker Steve Mnuchin confirms he will be US treasury secretary |date=November 30, 2016 |work=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=November 30, 2016}}</ref> retired Marine Corps general [[James Mattis]] as [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Lamothe |first=Dan |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-has-chosen-retired-marine-gen-james-mattis-for-secretary-of-defense/2016/12/01/6c6b3b74-aff9-11e6-be1c-8cec35b1ad25_story.html |title=Trump has chosen retired Marine Gen. James Mattis for secretary of defense |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=December 1, 2016}}</ref> and [[ExxonMobil]] CEO [[Rex Tillerson]] as [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]].<ref>{{Cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/12/us/politics/rex-tillerson-secretary-of-state-trump.html |title=Rex Tillerson, Exxon C.E.O., chosen as Secretary of State |date=December 12, 2016 |accessdate=December 26, 2016}}</ref> Trump also brought on board politicians who had opposed him during the presidential campaign, such as neurosurgeon [[Ben Carson]] as [[Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]],<ref>{{cite news |first=Trip |last=Gabriel |title=Trump Chooses Ben Carson to Lead HUD |date=December 5, 2016 |accessdate=December 5, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/05/us/politics/ben-carson-housing-urban-development-trump.html}}</ref> and South Carolina governor [[Nikki Haley]] as [[United States Ambassador to the United Nations|Ambassador to the United Nations]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/sc-gov-nikki-haley-tapped-to-be-trumps-un-ambassador/2016/11/23/c1395cb6-b144-11e6-8616-52b15787add0_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |title=Gov. Nikki Haley tapped to be Trump's U.N. ambassador |date=November 23, 2016 |accessdate=November 23, 2016 |first=Robert |last=Costa |authorlink=Robert Costa (journalist)}}</ref>
Two of Trump's 15 original cabinet members were gone within 15 months: Health and Human Services Secretary [[Tom Price (American politician)|Tom Price]] was forced to resign in September 2017 due to excessive use of private charter jets and military aircraft, and Trump replaced Secretary of State [[Rex Tillerson]] with [[Mike Pompeo]] in March 2018 over disagreements on foreign policy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-incredibly-and-historically-unstable-first-year-of-trumps-cabinet/ |title=The Incredibly And Historically Unstable First Year Of Trump's Cabinet |last=Jones-Rooy |first=Andrea |date=November 29, 2017 |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref><ref name=Brookings>{{cite news |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/tracking-turnover-in-the-trump-administration/ |title=Tracking Turnover in the Trump Administration |date=March 16, 2018 |website=[[Brookings Institution]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt resigned in July 2018 amidst multiple investigations into his conduct,<ref name=Hersher-180705>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/07/05/594078923/scott-pruitt-out-at-epa |title=Scott Pruitt Out At EPA |website=[[NPR]] |date=July 5, 2018 |accessdate=July 5, 2018 |first1=Rebecca |last1=Hersher |first2=Brett |last2=Neelyin}}</ref> while Interior Secretary [[Ryan Zinke]] resigned five months later as he also faced multiple investigations.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-ryan-zinke-resigns-interior-secretary-20181215-story.html |title=Ryan Zinke resigns as interior secretary amid multiple investigations |first1=Juliet |last1=Eilperin |first2=Josh |last2=Dawsey |author2link=Josh Dawsey |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |accessdate=January 3, 2019}}</ref>
Trump has been slow to appoint second-tier officials in the executive branch, saying that many of the positions are unnecessary. In October 2017, there were still hundreds of sub-cabinet positions without a nominee.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2017/10/12/557122200/trump-leaves-top-administration-positions-unfilled-says-hollow-government-by-des |title=Trump Leaves Top Administration Positions Unfilled, Says Hollow Government By Design |last=Keith |first=Tamara |date=October 12, 2017 |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> By January 8, 2019, of 706 key positions, 433 had been filled (61%) and Trump had no nominee for 264 (37%).<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 8, 2019 |title=Tracking how many key positions Trump has filled so far |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-administration-appointee-tracker/database/}}</ref>
=== Dismissal of James Comey ===
{{Main|Dismissal of James Comey}}
On May 9, 2017, Trump dismissed FBI director James Comey. He first attributed this action to recommendations from Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Deputy AG [[Rod Rosenstein]],<ref name=Apuzzo>{{cite news |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Matt |last2=Apuzzo |author2link=Matt Apuzzo |title=F.B.I. Director James Comey Is Fired by Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/09/us/politics/james-comey-fired-fbi.html |accessdate=May 10, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 10, 2017}}</ref> which criticized Comey's conduct in the investigation about [[Hillary Clinton email controversy#October 2016 – Additional investigation|Hillary Clinton's emails]].<ref name=Guardian-20170509>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/may/09/james-comey-fbi-fired-donald-trump |title=Donald Trump fires FBI director Comey over handling of Clinton investigation |last=Smith |first=David |date=May 9, 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=May 9, 2017}}</ref> On May 11, Trump said he was concerned with the ongoing "Russia thing"<ref name=Barrett-20170511>{{cite news |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |last2=Rucker |first2=Philip |author2link=Philip Rucker |title=Trump said he was thinking of Russia controversy when he decided to fire Comey |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-says-fbi-director-comey-told-him-three-times-he-wasnt-under-investigation-once-in-a-phone-call-initiated-by-the-president/2017/05/11/2b384c9a-3669-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 11, 2017 |accessdate=May 12, 2017}}</ref> and that he had intended to fire Comey earlier, regardless of DOJ advice.<ref name=theweek-20170511>{{cite news |url=https://theweek.com/speedreads/698368/president-trump-just-completely-contradicted-official-white-house-account-comey-firing |title=President Trump just completely contradicted the official White House account of the Comey firing |date=May 11, 2017 |work=[[The Week]] |first=Becca |last=Stanek |accessdate=May 11, 2017}}</ref>
According to a [[Comey memo]] of a private conversation on February 14, 2017, Trump said he "hoped" Comey would drop the investigation into National Security Advisor [[Michael Flynn]].<ref name="Wilber">{{cite news |last1=Wilber |first1=Del Quentin |author1link=Del Quentin Wilber |last2=Viswanatha |first2=Aruna |title=Trump Asked Comey to Drop Flynn Investigation, According to Memo Written by Former FBI Director |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-asked-comey-to-drop-flynn-investigation-according-to-memo-written-by-former-fbi-director-1494974774 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] {{subscription required}}|date=May 16, 2017 |accessdate=May 16, 2017}}</ref>
In March and April, Trump had told Comey the ongoing suspicions formed a "cloud" impairing his presidency,<ref name="comeytestimony">{{cite web |last=Comey |first=James |title=Statement for the Record Senate Select Committee on Intelligence |url=https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/os-jcomey-060817.pdf |website=United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence |publisher=United States Government |accessdate=June 7, 2017 |page=7 |date=June 8, 2017}}</ref> and asked him to publicly state that he was not personally under investigation.<ref name="schmidt">{{cite news |last1=Schmidt |first1=Michael S. |author1link=Michael S. Schmidt |last2=Goldman |first2=Adam |author2link=Adam Goldman |title=Comey to Testify Trump Pressured Him to Say He Wasn't Under Investigation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/07/us/politics/james-comey-statement-testimony.html |accessdate=June 7, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 7, 2017}}</ref> He also asked intelligence chiefs [[Dan Coats]] and [[Michael S. Rogers|Michael Rogers]] to issue statements saying there was no evidence that his campaign colluded with Russia during the 2016 election.<ref name=Sciutto>{{cite news |last1=Sciutto |first1=Jim |last2=Watkins |first2=Eli |title=Trump asked DNI, NSA to deny evidence of Russia collusion |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/22/politics/donald-trump-intelligence-community/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 23, 2017}}</ref> Both refused, considering this an inappropriate request, although not illegal.<ref name=Dilanian>{{cite news |last1=Dilanian |first1=Ken |last2=Windrem |first2=Robert |title=Trump Asked Top Intel Officials to Push Back Publicly on Russia Probe |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-asked-top-intel-officials-push-back-publicly-russia-probe-n763336 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=May 22, 2017}}</ref> Comey eventually testified on June{{nbsp}}8 that while he was director, the FBI investigations did not target Trump himself.<ref name="comeytestimony" /><ref name=nyt-20110608>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/08/us/politics/trump-speech-faith-freedom-coalition.html |title='I Was Right': As Trump Watches Comey on TV, Anxiety Yields to Relief |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Glenn |last1=Thrush |author1link=Glenn Thrush |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman |date=June 8, 2017 |accessdate=June 9, 2017}}</ref>
== Public profile ==
=== Approval ratings ===
{{Further|Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration}}
Polling suggests that Trump is the most unpopular president since Harry Truman.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-05-22/donald-trump-should-worry-about-his-approval-rating|title=Trump Should Worry About His Approval Rating|last=Bernstein|first=Jonathan|date=May 22, 2019|work=Bloomberg News|accessdate=3 March 2020}}</ref> At the end of his second year, his two-year average Gallup approval rating was the lowest of any president since World War II.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-average-approval-rating-first-two-years-lowest-any-president-1293785 |title=Donald Trump Approval Rating Average in First Two Years is Lowest For Any President Since World War II |first=Jessica |last=Kwong |date=January 16, 2019 |website=[[Newsweek]] |accessdate=January 25, 2019}}</ref> As of February 2020, his Gallup rating has ranged from a low of 35% approval to a high of 49%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.gallup.com/opinion/polling-matters/245567/trump-approval-stable-approval-prior-presidents.aspx |title=Trump Approval More Stable Than Approval for Prior Presidents |date=2018-12-21 |website=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] |access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/481360-trump-hits-highest-gallup-approval-rating-of-his-presidency|title=Trump hits highest Gallup approval rating of his presidency|last=Samuels|first=Brett|date=February 24, 2020|work=The Hill|accessdate=3 March 2020}}</ref> His approval and disapproval ratings have been unusually stable.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/trumps-approval-rating-is-incredibly-steady-is-that-weird-or-the-new-normal/|title=Trump's Approval Rating Is Incredibly Steady. Is That Weird Or The New Normal?|last=Skelley|first=Geoffrey|date=March 28, 2019|work=FiveThirtyEight|accessdate=3 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/presidential-approval-poll-tracker-n1102776|title=Trump's approval rating steady despite impeachment: NBC News/Wall Street Journal polls|date=December 17, 2019|work=NBC News|accessdate=3 March 2020}}</ref>
In Gallup's end-of-year [[Gallup's most admired man and woman poll|poll]] asking Americans to name the man they admire the most, Trump placed second to Obama in 2017 and 2018, and tied with Obama for most admired man in 2019.<ref name="gallup1678">{{cite news |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/1678/most-admired-man-woman.aspx |title=Most Admired Man and Woman |website=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] |accessdate=June 12, 2018}}</ref> Trump is the first elected president to not be named most admired in his first year in office.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ |title=Trump Is the Only Elected U.S. President Not to Be Named America's Most Admired Man In His First Year |last=Bach |first=Natasha |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=December 28, 2017 |accessdate=June 11, 2018}}</ref>
=== False statements ===
{{Main|Veracity of statements by Donald Trump}}
[[File:2017- Donald Trump veracity - composite graph.png|thumb|upright=1.5 | [[Fact-checkers]] from ''The Washington Post''<ref name=WashPost_20200119>{{cite news |author1=Fact Checker |title=In 1,095 days, President Trump has made 16,241 false or misleading claims |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-claims-database/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 19, 2020}}</ref> and from the ''Toronto Star''<ref name=TorontoStar_20190605>{{cite news |last=Dale |first=Daniel |authorlink=Daniel Dale |title=Donald Trump has now said more than 5,000 false things as president |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2019/06/05/donald-trump-has-now-said-more-than-5000-false-claims-as-president.html |work=[[Toronto Star]] |date=June 5, 2019}}</ref> and CNN<ref name="DaleCNN_20200106">{{cite news |last=Dale |first=Daniel |authorlink=Daniel Dale |title=Internal chart of Trump's false claims per day from July 8 (2019) |url=https://twitter.com/ddale8/status/1214229268458328065 |publisher=[[CNN]] |via=Twitter |date=January 6, 2020}} ([https://web.archive.org/web/20200106230008/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ENnNz4TXsAE0dML?format=jpg&name=large image of chart]).</ref> compiled data on "false or misleading claims" (orange background), and "false claims" (violet foreground), respectively.]]
As president, Trump has frequently made false statements in public speeches and remarks.<ref name="Qiu">{{cite news |first=Linda |last=Qiu |title=Fact-Checking President Trump Through His First 100 Days |date=April 29, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/us/politics/fact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html}}</ref><ref name="KesslerLee">{{cite news |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Michelle Ye Hee |last2=Lee |title=President Trump's first 100 days: The fact check tally |date=May 1, 2017 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/05/01/president-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Linda |last=Qiu |title=In One Rally, 12 Inaccurate Claims From Trump |date=June 22, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/22/us/politics/factcheck-donald-trump-iowa-rally.html}}</ref> The statements have been documented by [[fact-checker]]s; academics and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics.<ref name=unprecedenteduntruths>
* {{cite journal |last=McGranahan |first=Carole |title=An anthropology of lying: Trump and the political sociality of moral outrage |journal=[[American Ethnologist]] |date=May 2017 |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=243–248 |doi=10.1111/amet.12475 |quote=It has long been a truism that politicians lie, but with the entry of Donald Trump into the U.S. political domain, the frequency, degree, and impact of lying in politics are now unprecedented [...] Donald Trump is different. By all metrics and counting schemes, his lies are off the charts. We simply have not seen such an accomplished and effective liar before in U.S. politics.}}
* {{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 7, 2017 |first=Sheryl Gay |last=Stolberg |authorlink=Sheryl Gay Stolberg |title=Many Politicians Lie. But Trump Has Elevated the Art of Fabrication. |accessdate=March 11, 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/07/us/politics/lies-trump-obama-mislead.html |quote=President Trump, historians and consultants in both political parties agree, appears to have taken what the writer [[Hannah Arendt]] once called 'the conflict between truth and politics' to an entirely new level.}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/12/30/year-unprecedented-deception-trump-averaged-false-claims-day/ |title=A year of unprecedented deception: Trump averaged 15 false claims a day in 2018 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 30, 2018 |accessdate=February 20, 2019 |first=Glenn |last=Kessler |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |quote='When before have we seen a president so indifferent to the distinction between truth and falsehood, or so eager to blur that distinction?' presidential historian [[Michael R. Beschloss]] said of Trump in 2018.}}
* {{cite news |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 6, 2017 |first=Mark Z. |last=Barabak |title=There's a long history of presidential untruths. Here's why Donald Trump is 'in a class by himself' |accessdate=March 11, 2019 |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-trump-presidential-lies-2017-story.html |quote=White House scholars and other students of government agree there has never been a president like Donald Trump, whose volume of falsehoods, misstatements and serial exaggerations{{snd}}on matters large and wincingly small{{snd}}place him 'in a class by himself', as Texas A&M's [[George C. Edwards III|George Edwards]] put it.}}
* {{cite news |work=[[Toronto Star]] |date=December 22, 2017 |first=Daniel |last=Dale |authorlink=Daniel Dale |title=Donald Trump has spent a year lying shamelessly. It hasn't worked |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2017/12/22/donald-trump-has-spent-a-year-lying-shamelessly-it-hasnt-worked.html |quote='We've had presidents that have lied or misled the country, but we've never had a serial liar before. And that's what we're dealing with here,' said [[Douglas Brinkley]], the prominent Rice University presidential historian.}}
* {{cite news |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 9, 2018 |first=Chris |last=Cillizza |authorlink=Chris Cillizza |title=President Trump lied more than 3,000 times in 466 days |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/donald-trump-3000/index.html |quote=We've never had a president with such a casual relationship to the truth ... The sheer rate of Trump's untruth-telling is staggering. It is unprecedented.}}
* {{cite web |website=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]] |date=2017 |first=Heidi Taksdal |last=Skjeseth |title=All the president's lies: Media coverage of lies in the US and France |url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-10/Taksdal%20Skjeseth%2C%20All%20the%20President%27s%20Lies%20-%20Media%20Coverage%20of%20lies%20in%20the%20US%20and%20France.pdf |quote=Trump is not the first president to be at odds with the press, but the amount of lies he delivers and his aggressive attacks on and constant undermining of the legitimacy of the media, is unprecedented.}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Stern |first1=Donnel |title=Constructivism in the Age of Trump: Truth, Lies, and Knowing the Difference |journal=Psychoanalytic Dialogues |date=May 9, 2019 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=189–196 |doi=10.1080/10481885.2019.1587996 |quote=Donald Trump lies so often that some have wondered whether he has [[poisoned the well]] [...] We expect politicians to stretch the truth. But Trump is a whole different animal. He lies as a policy.}}
* {{cite news |last1=Grosz |first1=Stephen |title=The real reason Donald Trump lies |url=https://www.ft.com/content/b752121c-127a-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e |website=[[Financial Times]] |accessdate=June 25, 2019 |date=January 9, 2019 |quote=We all lie, but we don't lie like President Trump. He is the most extravagant, reckless, inexhaustible fibber of our era}}</ref><ref name=Glasser-180803>{{cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/trumps-escalating-war-on-the-truth-is-on-purpose |title=It's True: Trump Is Lying More, and He's Doing It on Purpose |work=[[The New Yorker]] |date=August 3, 2018 |accessdate=January 10, 2019 |first=Susan |last=Glasser |authorlink=Susan Glasser}}</ref><ref name=Konnikova>{{cite news |last=Konnikova |first=Maria |authorlink=Maria Konnikova |title=Trump's Lies vs. Your Brain |website=[[Politico]] |date=January 20, 2017 |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/01/donald-trump-lies-liar-effect-brain-214658 |accessdate=March 31, 2018}}</ref> This trait of his was similarly observed when he was a presidential candidate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Finnegan |first1=Michael |title=Scope of Trump's falsehoods unprecedented for a modern presidential candidate |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-false-statements-20160925-snap-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |quote=Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/the-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump/ |website=[[FactCheck.org]] |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |quote=In the 12 years of FactCheck.org's existence, we've never seen his match. |date=December 21, 2015}}</ref> His falsehoods have also become a distinctive part of his political identity.<ref name=Glasser-180803/>
Trump uttered "at least one false or misleading claim per day on 91 of his first 99 days" in office, according to ''The New York Times'',<ref name="Qiu"/> and 1,318 total in his first 263 days in office, according to the "Fact Checker" political analysis column of ''The Washington Post''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Michelle Ye Hee |last2=Kessler |first2=Glenn |author2link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |last3=Kelly |first3=Meg |title=President Trump has made 1,318 false or misleading claims over 263 days |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/10/10/president-trump-has-made-1318-false-or-misleading-claims-over-263-days |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 10, 2017 |accessdate=November 5, 2017}}</ref> By the ''Post'''s tally, it took Trump 601 days to reach 5,000 false or misleading statements and another 226 days to reach the 10,000 mark.<ref name=Kessler-190429>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/29/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/ |title=President Trump has made more than 10,000 false or misleading claims |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 29, 2019 |accessdate=April 29, 2019 |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly}}</ref> For the seven weeks leading up to the midterm elections, it rose to an average of thirty per day<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=President Trump has made 6,420 false or misleading claims over 649 days |date=November 2, 2018 |accessdate=November 2, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/11/02/president-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days/}}</ref> from 4.9 during his first hundred days in office.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 13, 2018 |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=President Trump has made more than 5,000 false or misleading claims |accessdate=October 16, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/13/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/}}</ref> The ''Post''{{'}}s reported tally is 16,241 as of January 19, 2020, with the 2019 total more than double the cumulative total of 2017 and 2018.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 20, 2020 |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=President Trump made 16,241 false or misleading claims in his first three years |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/01/20/president-trump-made-16241-false-or-misleading-claims-his-first-three-years/}}</ref>
=== Racial views ===
{{Main|Racial views of Donald Trump}}
Trump has made numerous comments and actions that have been characterized both within the U.S. and abroad as racially charged or racist.<ref>Multiple sources:
* {{cite news |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |last1=Lopez |first1=German |title=Donald Trump's long history of racism, from the 1970s to 2019 |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/7/25/12270880/donald-trump-racist-racism-history |accessdate=June 15, 2019 |date=February 14, 2019}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/every-moment-donald-trumps-long-complicated-history-race |title=Every moment in Trump's charged relationship with race |date=January 12, 2018 |work=[[PBS NewsHour]] |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}
* {{cite news |title=A history of Donald Trump's racially charged statements |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/a-history-of-donald-trump-s-racially-charged-statements |accessdate=October 3, 2019 |work=[[SBS News]] |agency=[[Agence France Presse]] |date=July 16, 2019}}
* {{cite news |last=Dawsey |first=Josh |authorlink=Josh Dawsey |title=Trump's history of making offensive comments about nonwhite immigrants |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 11, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-attacks-protections-for-immigrants-from-shithole-countries-in-oval-office-meeting/2018/01/11/bfc0725c-f711-11e7-91af-31ac729add94_story.html |accessdate=January 11, 2018}}
* {{cite news |title=Trump's 'shithole' comment denounced across the globe |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/12/trump-shithole-comment-reaction-337926 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 12, 2018 |first=Aubree Eliza |last=Weaver}}
* {{cite news |last1=Stoddard |first1=Ed |last2=Mfula |first2=Chris |title=Africa calls Trump racist after 'shithole' remark |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-immigration-reaction/africa-calls-trump-racist-after-shithole-remark-idUSKBN1F11VC |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=January 12, 2018 |quote=African politicians and diplomats labeled U.S. President Donald Trump a racist on Friday}}
</ref> Trump has repeatedly denied he is racist, asserting "I am the least racist person there is anywhere in the world".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/trump-denies-racism-most-americans-dont-believe-him|title=As Trump denies racism, most Americans don't believe him|last=Benen|first=Steve|date=August 1, 2019|website=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> Many of his supporters say the way he speaks reflects his rejection of [[political correctness]], while others accept it because they share such beliefs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://morningconsult.com/2017/06/29/poll-majority-trump-voters-say-political-correctness-right/ |title=Poll: Majority of Trump Voters Say His Political Correctness Is 'About Right' |last=Nichols |first=Laura |date=June 29, 2017 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |website=[[Morning Consult]]}}</ref><ref name="nation-20170508">{{cite news |title=Economic Anxiety Didn't Make People Vote Trump, Racism Did |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/economic-anxiety-didn't-make-people-vote-trump-racism-did/ |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[The Nation]] |date=May 8, 2017 |first1=Sean |last1=McElwee |first2=Jason |last2=McDaniel}}</ref>
Several studies and surveys have found that racist attitudes fueled Trump's political ascendance and have been more important than economic factors in determining the allegiance of Trump voters.<ref name="nation-20170508" /><ref name="vox-20171215">{{cite news |title=The past year of research has made it very clear: Trump won because of racial resentment |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/12/15/16781222/trump-racism-economic-anxiety-study |accessdate=January 14, 2018 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=December 15, 2017 |first=German |last=Lopez}}</ref> In a June 2018 [[Quinnipiac University]] poll, 49 percent of respondents believed he was racist, while 47 percent believed he was not.<ref name="Marcin">{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-racist-44-percent-white-americans-poll-survey-new-1007434 |title=44 Percent Of White Americans Think Donald Trump Is Racist, New Poll Finds |last=Marcin |first=Tim |date=July 5, 2018 |accessdate=July 5, 2018 |website=[[Newsweek]]}}</ref> Additionally, 55 percent said he "has emboldened people who hold racist beliefs to express those beliefs publicly".<ref name="Quinnipiac-180703">{{cite web |url=https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2554 |title=Harsh Words For U.S. Family Separation Policy, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; Voters Have Dim View Of Trump, Dems On Immigration |website=[[Quinnipiac University Polling Institute]] |date=July 3, 2018 |accessdate=July 5, 2018}}</ref>
In 1975, he settled a 1973 Department of Justice lawsuit that alleged housing discrimination against black renters.<ref name="Mahler">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/28/us/politics/donald-trump-housing-race.html |title='No Vacancies' for Blacks: How Donald Trump Got His Start, and Was First Accused of Bias |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 27, 2016 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |last1=Mahler |first1=Jonathan |last2=Eder |first2=Steve}}</ref> He has also been accused of racism for insisting a group of black and Latino teenagers were guilty of raping a white woman in the 1989 [[Central Park jogger case]], even after they were exonerated by DNA evidence in 2002. He has maintained his position on the matter into 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ransom |first1=Jan |title=Trump Will Not Apologize for Calling for Death Penalty Over Central Park Five |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/18/nyregion/central-park-five-trump.html |accessdate=June 29, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 18, 2019}}</ref>
Trump launched his political career in 2011 as a leading proponent of [[Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories|"birther" conspiracy theories]] alleging that Barack Obama, the first black U.S. president, was not born in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|last=Farley|first=Robert|url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2011/feb/14/donald-trump/donald-trump-says-people-who-went-school-obama-nev/|title=Donald Trump says people who went to school with Obama never saw him|website=Politifact|date=February 14, 2011|access-date=January 31, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Moody|first=Chris|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/03/politics/donald-trump-first-speech-to-cpac/index.html|title=Gay conservatives who helped kickstart Trump's GOP career have serious regrets|website=CNN|date=March 3, 2016|access-date=February 1, 2020}}</ref> In April 2011, Trump claimed credit for pressuring the White House to publish the "long-form" birth certificate, which he considered fraudulent, and later saying this made him "very popular".<ref name="Madison27April">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-takes-credit-for-obama-birth-certificate-release-but-wonders-is-it-real/ |title=Trump takes credit for Obama birth certificate release, but wonders 'is it real?' |last=Madison |first=Lucy |date=April 27, 2011 |accessdate=May 9, 2011 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trumps-history-raising-birther-questions-president-obama/story?id=33861832 |title=Donald Trump's History of Raising Birther Questions About President Obama |website=[[ABC News]] |last=Keneally |first=Meghan |date=September 18, 2015 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> In September 2016, he acknowledged that Obama was born in the U.S.<ref name="nyt-drops">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Trump Drops False 'Birther' Theory, but Floats a New One: Clinton Started It |first1=Maggie |last1=Haberman |author1link=Maggie Haberman |first2=Alan |last2=Rappeport |author2link=Alan Rappeport |date=September 16, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/17/us/politics/donald-trump-birther-obama.html}}</ref>
According to an analysis in ''[[Political Science Quarterly]]'', Trump made "explicitly racist appeals to whites" during his 2016 presidential campaign.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schaffner |first1=Brian F. |author1link=Brian Schaffner |last2=Macwilliams |first2=Matthew |last3=Nteta |first3=Tatishe |title=Understanding White Polarization in the 2016 Vote for President: The Sobering Role of Racism and Sexism |journal=Political Science Quarterly |date=March 2018 |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=9–34 |doi=10.1002/polq.12737}}</ref> In particular, his campaign launch speech drew widespread criticism for claiming Mexican immigrants were "bringing drugs, they're bringing crime, they're rapists".<ref>{{cite news |first=Katie|last=Reilly|title=Here Are All the Times Donald Trump Insulted Mexico |url=https://time.com/4473972/donald-trump-mexico-meeting-insult/ |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=August 31, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Five Insults Donald Trump Has Fired At Mexicans In The Presidential Race |url=https://news.sky.com/story/five-insults-donald-trump-has-fired-at-mexicans-in-the-presidential-race-10559438 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |website=[[Sky News]] |date=September 1, 2016}}</ref> His later comments about a Mexican-American judge presiding over a civil suit regarding [[Trump University]] were also criticized as racist.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/08/us/politics/paul-ryan-donald-trump-gonzalo-curiel.html |title=Paul Ryan Calls Donald Trump's Attack on Judge 'Racist', but Still Backs Him |date=June 7, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Jennifer |last1=Steinhauer |author1link=Jennifer Steinhauer |first2=Jonathan |last2=Martin |author2link=Jonathan Martin (journalist) |first3=David M. |last3=Herszenhorn |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}</ref>
[[File:President Trump Gives a Statement on the Infrastructure Discussion.webm|thumb|start=13:11|Trump answers questions from reporters about the [[Unite the Right rally]] in Charlottesville.]]
Trump's comments in reaction to the [[Unite the Right rally|2017 Charlottesville far-right rally]] were interpreted as implying a moral equivalence between [[white supremacist]] demonstrators and counter-protesters.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/15/politics/trump-charlottesville-delay/index.html |title=Trump: 'Both sides' to blame for Charlottesville |last=Merica |first=Dan |date=August 26, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}</ref>
In a January 2018 [[Oval Office]] meeting to discuss immigration legislation, he reportedly referred to El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and African nations as "shithole countries".<ref name="zack">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/1/11/16880804/trump-shithole-countries-racism |title=Trump's "shithole countries" comment exposes the core of Trumpism |last=Beauchamp |first=Zack |date=January 11, 2018 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |accessdate=January 11, 2018}}</ref> His remarks were condemned as racist worldwide, as well as by many members of Congress.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's 'shithole' comment denounced across the globe |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/12/trump-shithole-comment-reaction-337926 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 12, 2018 |first=Aubree Eliza |last=Weaver}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jan/12/unkind-divisive-elitist-international-outcry-over-trumps-shithole-countries-remark |title='There's no other word but racist': Trump's global rebuke for 'shithole' remark |date=January 13, 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |first1=Patrick |last1=Wintour |author1link=Patrick Wintour |first2=Jason |last2=Burke |author2link=Jason Burke |first3=Anna |last3=Livsey |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}</ref>
In July 2019, Trump tweeted that four Democratic members of Congress{{snd}}all four minority women, three of them native-born Americans{{snd}}should "[[Go back where you came from|go back]]" to the countries they "came from".<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 14, 2019 |first1=Katie |last1=Rogers |first2=Nicholas |last2=Fandos |author2link=Nicholas Fandos |title=Trump Tells Congresswomen to 'Go Back' to the Countries They Came From |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/14/us/politics/trump-twitter-squad-congress.html}}</ref> Two days later the House of Representatives voted 240–187, mostly along party lines, to condemn his "racist comments".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/16/742236610/condemnation-of-president-delayed-by-debate-can-lawmakers-call-trump-tweets-raci |title=House Votes To Condemn Trump's 'Racist Comments' |last=Mak |first=Tim |date=July 16, 2019 |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=July 17, 2019}}</ref> [[White nationalist]] publications and social media sites praised his remarks, which continued over the following days.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/16/politics/white-supremacists-cheer-trump-racist-tweets-soh/index.html |title=Trump said 'many people agree' with his racist tweets. These white supremacists certainly do. |last1=Simon |first1=Mallory |last2=Sidner |first2=Sara |author2link=Sara Sidner |date=July 16, 2019 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=July 20, 2019}}</ref>
=== Allegations of sexual misconduct ===
{{Main|Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations|Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape}}
Twenty-two women have publicly accused Trump of sexual misconduct {{as of|2019|06|lc=y}}. There were allegations of rape, violence, being kissed and groped without consent, looking under women's skirts, and walking in on naked women.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nelson |first1=Libby |last2=McGann |first2=Laura |title=E. Jean Carroll joins at least 21 other women in publicly accusing Trump of sexual assault or misconduct |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/6/21/18701098/trump-accusers-sexual-assault-rape-e-jean-carroll |accessdate=June 25, 2019 |date=June 21, 2019}}</ref> In 2016, he denied all accusations, calling them "false smears", and alleged there was a conspiracy against him.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/14/us/politics/donald-trump-women.html |title=Donald Trump Calls Allegations by Women 'False Smears' |last1=Healy |first1=Patrick |last2=Rappeport |first2=Alan |author2link=Alan Rappeport |date=October 13, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=October 13, 2016}}</ref>
In October 2016, two days before the [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#Second presidential debate (Washington University in St. Louis)|second presidential debate]], a 2005 "[[hot mic]]" recording surfaced in which Trump was heard bragging about forcibly kissing and groping women, saying "when you're a star, they let you do it, you can do anything ... grab 'em by the pussy."<ref name=NBC080716>{{cite news |last=Timm |first=Jane C. |title=Trump caught on hot mic making lewd comments about women in 2005 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-hot-mic-when-you-re-star-you-can-do-n662116 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=October 7, 2016 |accessdate=June 10, 2018}}</ref> The incident's widespread media exposure led to Trump's first public apology during the campaign,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/08/us/politics/donald-trump-women.html |title=Donald Trump Apology Caps Day of Outrage Over Lewd Tape |date=October 7, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=October 8, 2016 |last1=Burns |first1=Alexander |author1link=Alex Burns (journalist) |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |author2link=Maggie Haberman |last3=Martin |first3=Jonathan |author3link=Jonathan Martin (journalist)}}</ref> and caused outrage across the political spectrum.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/299895-kaine-on-lewd-trump-tapes-makes-me-sick-to-my-stomach |title=Kaine on lewd Trump tapes: 'Makes me sick to my stomach' |last=Hagen |first=Lisa |date=October 7, 2016 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=October 8, 2016}}</ref>
=== Allegations of inciting violence ===
Some research suggests Trump's rhetoric causes an increased incidence of hate crimes.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://apnews.com/7d0949974b1648a2bb592cab1f85aa16 |title=Trump words linked to more hate crime? Some experts think so |last1=Kunzelman |first1=Michael |last2=Galvan |first2=Astrid |date=August 7, 2019 |website=[[AP News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/03/22/trumps-rhetoric-does-inspire-more-hate-crimes/ |title=Analysis | Counties that hosted a 2016 Trump rally saw a 226 percent increase in hate crimes |website=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Ayal |last1=Feinberg |first2=Regina |last2=Branton |first3=Valerie |last3=Martinez-Ebers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |journal=[[Social Science Research Network]] |last1=Rushin |first1=Stephen |last2=Edwards |first2=Griffin Sims |date=January 14, 2018 |title=The Effect of President Trump's Election on Hate Crimes |ssrn=3102652}}</ref> During the 2016 campaign, he sometimes urged or praised physical attacks against protesters or reporters.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://time.com/4203094/donald-trump-hecklers/ |title=Donald Trump Tells Crowd To "Knock the Crap Out Of" Hecklers |last=White |first=Daniel |date=February 1, 2016 |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=August 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/claudiakoerner/trump-gianforte-congressman-assault-journalist-montana |title=Trump Thinks It's Totally Cool That A Congressman Assaulted A Journalist For Asking A Question |last=Koerner |first=Claudia |date=October 18, 2018 |website=[[BuzzFeed News]] |access-date=August 9, 2019}}</ref> Since then, some individuals or their attorneys have cited Trump's rhetoric as a defense for their hate speech or violent actions.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/08/donald-trump-domestic-terrorism-el-paso |title="The President of the United States Says It's Okay": The Rise of the Trump Defense |last=Tracy |first=Abigail |date=August 8, 2019 |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]}}</ref> In August 2019 it was reported that a man who allegedly assaulted a minor for perceived disrespect toward the national anthem had cited Trump's rhetoric in his own defense.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/juliareinstein/national-anthem-assault-curt-brockway-wally-trump-boy-rodeo |title=Trump's "Rhetoric" Inspired This Man To Assault A 13-Year-Old For Wearing A Hat During The Anthem, His Lawyer Said |last=Reinstein |first=Julia |date=August 8, 2019 |website=[[BuzzFeed News]] |access-date=August 9, 2019}}</ref> It was also reported in August 2019 that a nationwide review conducted by ABC News had identified at least 36 criminal cases where Trump was invoked in direct connection with violence or threats of violence. Of these, 29 were based around someone echoing presidential rhetoric, while the other seven were someone protesting it or not having direct linkage.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/blame-abc-news-finds-17-cases-invoking-trump/story?id=58912889 |title='No Blame?' ABC News finds 36 cases invoking 'Trump' in connection with violence, threats, alleged assaults. |date=August 14, 2019 |first=Mike |last=Levine |publisher=[[ABC News]] |access-date=August 16, 2019}}</ref>
=== Relationship with the press ===
{{Further|Presidency of Donald Trump#Relationship with the news media}}
[[File:President Trump's First 100 Days- 45 (33573172373).jpg|thumb|Trump talking to the press, March 2017]]
Throughout his career, Trump has sought media attention. His interactions with the press turned into what some sources called a "love-hate" relationship.<ref name=Parnes>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/385245-trumps-love-hate-relationship-with-the-press |title=Trump's love-hate relationship with the press |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=April 28, 2018 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |last=Parnes |first=Amy}}</ref><ref name=Ingram-160301>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2016/03/01/media-love-hate-trump/ |title=Love and Hate: The Media's Co-Dependent Relationship With Donald Trump |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=March 1, 2016 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |last=Ingram |first=Mathew}}</ref><ref name=AN-170124>{{cite news |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1043476/science-technology |title=Trump's love-hate relationship with media intensifies |website=[[Arab News]] |date=January 24, 2017 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |first=Ben |last=Flanagan}}</ref> Trump began promoting himself in the press in the 1970s.<ref name=Dantonio-160710>{{cite interview |title=Who is Donald Trump? |date=July 10, 2016 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |last=D'Antonio |first=Michael |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/10/opinions/donald-trump-biography-michael-dantonio/index.html}}</ref> Fox News anchor [[Bret Baier]] and former House speaker [[Paul Ryan]] have characterized Trump as a "troll" who makes controversial statements to see people's "heads explode".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mediaite.com/tv/bret-baier-trump-likes-trolling-the-left-to-watch-heads-explode-even-if-he-contradicts-himself/ |title=Bret Baier: Trump Likes Trolling the Left to Watch 'Heads Explode', Even If He Contradicts Himself |date=July 24, 2018 |first=Josh |last=Feldman}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/07/magazine/paul-ryan-speakership-end-trump.html |title=This Is the Way Paul Ryan's Speakership Ends |first=Mark |last=Leibovich |authorlink=Mark Leibovich |date=August 7, 2018 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
Throughout his 2016 presidential campaign and his presidency, Trump has repeatedly accused the press of intentionally misinterpreting his words and of being biased, calling them "fake news media" and "the enemy of the people".<ref name=Walsh-160724 /><ref>{{cite news |last=Bondarenko |first=Veronika |title=Trump keeps saying 'enemy of the people' – but the phrase has a very ugly history |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-president-trumps-phrase-an-enemy-of-the-people-2017-2 |work=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> In the campaign, Trump benefited from a record amount of free media coverage, elevating his standing in the Republican primaries.<ref name=Cillizza-160614/> ''New York Times'' writer [[Amy Chozick]] wrote in September 2018 that one of the reasons for Trump's appeal was his media dominance. To answer the question of why the U.S. public could not stop being enthralled by his actions, she wrote "Even in the so-called golden age of TV, Mr. Trump hasn't just dominated water-cooler conversation; he's sucked the water right out, making all other entertainment from N.F.L. games to awards shows pale in comparison."<ref name="ChozickNYT">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/29/sunday-review/trump-2020-reality-tv.html |title=Why Trump Will Win a Second Term |last=Chozick |first=Amy |authorlink=Amy Chozick |date=September 29, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> Chozick quoted [[Brent Montgomery]], the creator of the reality TV show ''[[Pawn Stars]]'', saying "Part of what he's doing that makes it feel like a reality show is that he is feeding you something every night. You can't afford to miss one episode or you're left behind."<ref name="ChozickNYT"/>
After winning the election, Trump told journalist [[Lesley Stahl]] he intentionally demeaned and discredited the media "so when you write negative stories about me no one will believe you".<ref>{{cite news |last=Thomsen |first=Jacqueline |title='60 Minutes' correspondent: Trump said he attacks the press so no one believes negative coverage |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/388855-60-minutes-correspondent-trump-said-he-attacks-the-press-so-no-one |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=May 23, 2018}}</ref> Into his presidency, Trump has described negative media coverage as "fake news".<ref name=Bump-180509>{{cite news |title=Trump makes it explicit: Negative coverage of him is fake coverage |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 9, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/05/09/trump-makes-it-explicit-negative-coverage-of-him-is-fake-coverage/ |last=Bump |first=Philip |accessdate=May 9, 2018}}</ref> Trump has privately and publicly mused about taking away critical reporters' White House press credentials.<ref name=":17">{{Cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/05/09/media/president-trump-press-credentials/index.html |title=Trump's latest shot at the press corps: 'Take away credentials?' |first1=Brian |last1=Stelter |author1link=Brian Stelter |first2=Kaitlan |last2=Collins |author2link=Kaitlan Collins |website=[[CNN Money]] |accessdate=May 9, 2018}}</ref> His administration moved to revoke the press passes of two White House reporters, which were restored by the courts.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/30/business/media/trump-media-2019.html |title=After Another Year of Trump Attacks, 'Ominous Signs' for the American Press |first=Michael M. |last=Grynbaum |date=December 30, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In 2019, a member of the foreign press reported many of the same concerns as those of media in the U.S., expressing concern that a normalization process by reporters and media results in an inaccurate characterization of Trump.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/sep/20/as-a-foreign-reporter-visiting-the-us-i-was-stunned-by-trumps-press-conference |title=As a foreign reporter visiting the US I was stunned by Trump's press conference |last=Taylor |first=Lenore |authorlink=Lenore Taylor |date=September 20, 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> The Trump White House held about 100 formal press briefings during 2017, declining by half during 2018 and to two during 2019.<ref name="auto2"/>
In early 2020 the Trump campaign sued ''The New York Times'', ''The Washington Post'' and CNN for alleged defamation.<ref>https://www.npr.org/2020/03/03/811735554/trump-2020-sues-washington-post-days-after-ny-times-defamation-suit</ref><ref>https://www.foxnews.com/media/trump-campaign-sues-cnn-false-defamatory-statements-millions-damages.amp?__twitter_impression=true</ref>
=== Popular culture ===
{{Main|Donald Trump in popular culture|Donald Trump in music}}
Trump has been the subject of comedians, [[Adobe Flash|Flash]] cartoon artists, and online caricature artists. He has been parodied regularly on [[Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump|''Saturday Night Live'']] by [[Phil Hartman]], [[Darrell Hammond]], and [[Alec Baldwin]], and in ''[[South Park]]'' as [[Mr. Garrison]]. ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Bart to the Future]]", written during his [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2000|2000 campaign for the Reform party]], anticipated a future Trump presidency. A dedicated parody series called ''[[The President Show]]'' debuted in April 2017 on [[Comedy Central]], while another one called ''[[Our Cartoon President]]'' debuted on [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] in February 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/04/donald-trump-impression-gets-a-comedy-central-show/521718/ |title='Donald Trump' Gets a Comedy Central Series |first=Megan |last=Garber |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=April 3, 2017 |accessdate=April 4, 2017}}</ref>
Trump's wealth and lifestyle had been a fixture of [[hip-hop]] lyrics since the 1980s, as he was named in hundreds of songs, most often in a positive tone.<ref name=538-hiphop /><ref>{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3PDW6g1ceU |title=25 years of Donald Trump mentions in hip hop |via=YouTube |author=mantolius |date=February 25, 2016 |accessdate=November 15, 2016}}</ref> Mentions of Trump turned negative and pejorative after he ran for office in 2015.<ref name=538-hiphop>{{cite news |url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/clinton-trump-hip-hop-lyrics |title=Hip-Hop Is Turning On Donald Trump |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |date=July 14, 2016 |first=Allison |last=McCann}}</ref>
=== Social media ===
{{Main|Donald Trump on social media}}
Trump's presence on social media has attracted attention worldwide since he joined [[Twitter]] in March 2009. He communicated heavily on Twitter during the 2016 election campaign, and has continued to use this channel during his presidency. The attention on Trump's Twitter activity has significantly increased since he was sworn in as president. As of May 2019, he is in the top 15 for most Twitter followers at more than 60 million.<ref>{{cite web |title=Twitter: Most Followers |url=https://friendorfollow.com/twitter/most-followers/ |accessdate=May 26, 2019}}</ref> Trump has frequently used Twitter as a direct means of communication with the public, sidelining the press.<ref name="federalist-sidelining">{{cite web |url=https://thefederalist.com/2017/01/23/donald-trumps-social-media-use-key-sidelining-press-2/ |title=Donald Trump's Social Media Use Is Key To Sidelining The Press |first=Dustin |last=Steeve |date=January 23, 2017 |work=[[The Federalist (website)|The Federalist]] |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref> Many of the assertions he tweeted have been proven false.<ref name="NYT-20170427">{{cite news |last=Qui |first=Linda |title=Fact-Checking President Trump Through His First 100 Days |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/us/politics/fact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 27, 2017 |accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="WP-20170501">{{cite news |last1=Kessler |first1=Glenn |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |last2=Lee |first2=Michelle Ye Hee |title=Fact Checker Analysis – President Trump's first 100 days: The fact check tally |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/05/01/president-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 1, 2017 |accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="CT-20170624">{{cite news |last1=Drinkard |first1=Jim |last2=Woodward |first2=Calvin |title=Fact check: Trump's missions unaccomplished despite his claims |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/factcheck/ct-fact-check-trump-missions-20170624-story.html |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=June 24, 2017 |accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref>
=== Recognition ===
{{Further|List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump}}
In 1983, Trump received the [[Jewish National Fund Tree of Life Award]], after he helped fund the building of two playgrounds, a park, and a reservoir in Israel.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium-inside-donald-trump-s-history-of-donations-in-israel-1.5469673 |title=Inside Donald Trump's History of Donations in Israel |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |first=Judy |last=Maltz |date=May 9, 2017 |access-date=October 13, 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|first=Judy|last=Maltz|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-when-trump-helped-resettle-evacuated-israelis-1.5468499|title=Trump Once Helped Finance Resettlement of Israelis Evacuated From Sinai|date=May 4, 2017|newspaper=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref> In 1986, he received the [[Ellis Island Medal of Honor]] in recognition of "patriotism, tolerance, brotherhood and diversity",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.snopes.com/trump-received-ellis-island-award-in-1986/ |title=Did Donald Trump Receive an Ellis Island Award in 1986? |first=Dan |last=Evon |date=September 5, 2016|website=[[Snopes]]}}</ref> and in 1995 was awarded the President's Medal from the [[Freedoms Foundation]] for his support of youth programs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28799230/the_philadelphia_inquirer/ |title=Trump to be honored for working with youths |date=May 25, 1995 |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]}}</ref> [[Liberty University]] awarded Trump an honorary Doctorate of Business in 2012<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liberty.edu/news/index.cfm?PID=18495&MID=65182 |title=Donald Trump addresses largest Convocation crowd, praises Liberty's growth |date=September 24, 2012 |website=[[Liberty University]] |first=Mitzi |last=Bible}}</ref> and an honorary Doctor of Laws in 2017, during his first college commencement speech as president.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liberty.edu/news/index.cfm?PID=18495&MID=234393 |title=LU confers seven honorary doctorates to world changers, including President Trump – Liberty University |website=www.liberty.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/watch-donald-trumps-first-commencement-speech-as-president-129369/ |title=Watch Donald Trump's First Commencement Speech as President |work=[[Rolling Stone]] |first=Daniel |last=Kreps |date=May 13, 2017}}</ref> In 2015, [[Robert Gordon University]] revoked the honorary Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) they had granted him in 2010, stating that "Mr. Trump has made a number of statements that are wholly incompatible with the ethos and values of the university."<ref name="Scot">{{cite news |title=Donald Trump: Robert Gordon University strips honorary degree |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-35054360 |work=[[BBC Online]] |accessdate=December 9, 2015 |date=May 3, 2018}}</ref>
In December 2016, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' named Trump as its "[[Time Person of the Year|Person of the Year]]",<ref name=PersonYear>{{cite news |last=Gibbs |first=Nancy |authorlink=Nancy Gibbs |title=Why Donald Trump is TIME's Person of the Year |url=https://time.com/time-person-of-the-year-2016-donald-trump-choice/ |accessdate=December 7, 2016 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=December 7, 2016}}</ref> but Trump took issue with the magazine for referring to him as the "President of the Divided States of America".<ref>{{cite news |last=Kim |first=Eun Kyung |title=Donald Trump: Mitt Romney is still in the running for secretary of state |url=https://www.today.com/news/donald-trump-mitt-romney-still-running-secretary-state-t105685 |accessdate=December 7, 2016 |work=[[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today]] |date=December 7, 2016}}</ref> In the same month, he was named ''[[Financial Times]]'' [[Financial Times Person of the Year|Person of the Year]]<ref name="FT 2016">{{cite news |last=Luce |first=Edward |authorlink=Edward Luce |title=FT Person of the Year: Donald Trump |url=https://www.ft.com/content/b7bb61ec-c054-11e6-81c2-f57d90f6741a |accessdate=December 17, 2017 |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=December 12, 2016}}</ref> and was ranked by ''[[Forbes]]'' the [[Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People|second most powerful person in the world]] after [[Vladimir Putin]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The World's Most Powerful People |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidewalt/2016/12/14/the-worlds-most-powerful-people-2016/ |newspaper=[[Forbes]] |date=December 2016 |accessdate=December 14, 2016}}</ref> As president, Trump received the [[Order of King Abdulaziz|Collar of The Order of Abdulaziz al Saud]] from Saudi Arabia in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-latest-saudi-arabia-highest-civilian-honour-king-abdulaziz-al-saud-collar-gold-a7746566.html |title=Donald Trump awarded with Saudi Arabia's highest civilian honour within hours of landing in the country |last1=Wilts |first1=Alexandra |date=May 20, 2017 |work=[[The Independent]]|access-date=May 20, 2017}}</ref>
== Investigations ==
{{Further2|Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia ([[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2017)|2017]], [[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (January–June 2018)|January–June 2018]], [[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (July–December 2018)|July–December 2018]] and [[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2019)|2019]])}}
The [[Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)|Crossfire Hurricane]] FBI investigation into possible links between Russia and the Trump campaign was launched in mid-2016 during the campaign season. Since he assumed the presidency, Trump has been the subject of increasing Justice Department and congressional scrutiny, with investigations covering his election campaign, transition and inauguration, actions taken during his presidency, along with his [[The Trump Organization|private businesses]], personal taxes, and [[Donald J. Trump Foundation|charitable foundation]].<ref name="AP2018-12-16">{{cite news |last1=Woodward |first1=Calvin |last2=Pace |first2=Julie |title=Scope of investigations into Trump has shaped his presidency |url=https://apnews.com/6d6361fdf19846cb9eb020d9c6fbfa5a |accessdate=December 19, 2018 |website=[[AP News]] |date=December 16, 2018}}</ref> ''The New York Times'' reported in May 2019 that there were 29 open investigations of Trump, including ten federal criminal investigations, eight state and local investigations, and eleven Congressional investigations.<ref name="NYT_Inv">{{cite news |last1=Buchanan |first1=Larry |last2=Yourish |first2=Karen |title=Tracking 29 Investigations Related to Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/13/us/politics/trump-investigations.html |accessdate=June 9, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 23, 2019}}</ref>
=== Hush payments ===
{{Main|Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal}}
{{See also|Legal affairs of Donald Trump#Payments related to alleged affairs|Karen McDougal#Alleged affair with Donald Trump}}
[[American Media, Inc.]] (AMI) paid $150,000 to ''[[Playboy]]'' model [[Karen McDougal]] in August 2016,<ref name="WSJT">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/national-enquirer-shielded-donald-trump-from-playboy-models-affair-allegation-1478309380 |title=National Enquirer Shielded Donald Trump From Playboy Model's Affair Allegation |last1=Palazzolo |first1=Joe |last2=Rothfeld |first2=Michael |last3=Alpert |first3=Lukas |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=November 4, 2016 |access-date=February 17, 2018}}</ref> and Trump's attorney [[Michael Cohen (lawyer)|Michael Cohen]] paid $130,000 to [[Pornographic film actor|adult film actress]] [[Stormy Daniels]] in October 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43334326 |title=Why the Stormy Daniels-Donald Trump story matters |last=Luckhurst |first=Toby |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=May 3, 2018}}</ref> Both women were paid for [[non-disclosure agreement]]s regarding their alleged affairs with Trump between 2006 and 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/08/21/how-the-campaign-finance-charges-against-michael-cohen-may-implicate-trump |title=How the campaign finance charges against Michael Cohen implicate Trump |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |first=Philip |last=Bump |date=August 21, 2018 |access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref> Cohen pleaded guilty in 2018 to breaking campaign finance laws, saying he had arranged the payments at the direction of Trump in order to influence the presidential election.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/74aaf72511d64fceb1d64529207bde64 |title=Cohen pleads guilty, implicates Trump in hush-money scheme |last1=Neumeister |first1=Larry |last2=Hays |first2=Tom |date=August 22, 2018 |website=[[AP News]]}}</ref> AMI admitted paying McDougal to prevent publication of stories that might damage Trump's electoral chances.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/prosecutors-media-company-admitted-it-paid-off-playboy-model-to-protect-trump-before-election/ |title=National Enquirer owner admits to paying off Playboy model to protect Trump |last1=Watson |first1=Kathryn |website=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=July 22, 2019}}</ref> Trump denied the affairs, and claimed he was not aware of Cohen's payment to Daniels, but reimbursed him in 2017.<ref name="Nelson">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/07/trump-stormy-daniels-payment-444133 |title=White House on Stormy Daniels: Trump 'denied all these allegations' |last=Nelson |first=Louis |date=March 7, 2018 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/22/trump-insists-learned-michael-cohen-payments-later-on-in-fox-friends-exclusive.html |title=Trump insists he learned of Michael Cohen payments 'later on', in 'Fox & Friends' exclusive |last=Singman |first=Brooke |accessdate=August 23, 2018 |website=[[Fox News]] |date=August 22, 2018}}</ref> Federal prosecutors asserted that Trump had been involved in discussions regarding non-disclosure payments as early as 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/federal-prosecutors-recommend-substantial-prison-term-for-former-trump-lawyer-michael-cohen/2018/12/07/e144f248-f7f3-11e8-8c9a-860ce2a8148f_story.html |title=Court filings directly implicate Trump in efforts to buy women's silence, reveal new contact between inner circle and Russian |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |last2=Zapotosky |first2=Matt |date=December 7, 2018 |access-date=December 7, 2018}}</ref> Court documents showed that the FBI believed Trump was directly involved in the payment to Daniels, based on calls he had with Cohen in October 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-cohen/documents-detail-trump-teams-efforts-to-arrange-payment-to-porn-star-idUSKCN1UD18D |title=FBI documents point to Trump role in hush money for porn star Daniels |last1=Allen |first1=Jonathan |last2=Stempel |first2=Jonathan |work=[[Reuters]] |date=July 18, 2019 |access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.apnews.com/2d4138abfd0b4e71a63c94d3203e435a |title=Records detail frenetic effort to bury stories about Trump |last1=Mustian |first1=Jim |website=[[AP News]] |date=July 19, 2019 |access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref> In July 2019, a federal judge disclosed that prosecutors had stated in a court filing that they had closed the investigation,<ref>{{cite news |work=[[AP News]] |date=July 19, 2019 |first=Jim |last=Mustian |title=Why no hush-money charges against Trump? Feds are silent |url=https://apnews.com/0543a381b39a42d09c27567274477983}}</ref> but days later the [[Manhattan District Attorney]] subpoenaed the Trump Organization and AMI for records related to the hush payments<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/01/nyregion/trump-cohen-stormy-daniels-vance.html |title=Manhattan D.A. Subpoenas Trump Organization Over Stormy Daniels Hush Money |first1=Ben |last1=Protess |first2=William K. |last2=Rashbaum |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 1, 2019 |access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref> and in August subpoenaed eight years of tax returns for Trump and the Trump Organization.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 16, 2019 |first1=William K. |last1=Rashbaum |first2=Ben |last2=Protess |title=8 Years of Trump Tax Returns Are Subpoenaed by Manhattan D.A. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/16/nyregion/trump-tax-returns-cy-vance.html}}</ref>
=== Russian interference ===
{{Main|Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections}}
{{See also|Links between Trump associates and Russian officials|Steele dossier|Trump-Ukraine scandal}}
In January 2017, American intelligence agencies{{snd}}the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]], and the [[National Security Agency|NSA]], represented by the [[Director of National Intelligence]]{{snd}}jointly stated with "[[Analytic confidence#Levels of analytic confidence in national security reports|high confidence]]" that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 presidential election to favor the election of Trump.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/06/us/politics/trump-russia-intelligence-agencies-cia-fbi-nsa.html |title=Trump Misleads on Russian Meddling: Why 17 Intelligence Agencies Don't Need to Agree |last=Rosenberg |first=Matthew |authorlink=Matthew Rosenberg |date=July 6, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name="Declassified Report">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/06/us/politics/document-russia-hacking-report-intelligence-agencies.html |title=Intelligence Report on Russian Hacking |date=January 6, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 8, 2017 |page=ii |quote=We assess Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the U.S. presidential election. Russia's goals were to undermine public faith in the U.S. democratic process, denigrate Secretary [[Hillary Clinton|Clinton]], and harm her electability and potential presidency. We further assess Putin and the Russian Government developed a clear preference for President-elect Trump. We have high confidence in these judgments.}}</ref> In March 2017, FBI Director [[James Comey]] told Congress that "the FBI, as part of our counterintelligence mission, is investigating the Russian government's efforts to interfere in the 2016 presidential election. That includes investigating the nature of any links between individuals associated with the Trump campaign and the Russian government, and whether there was any coordination between the campaign and Russia's efforts."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/03/its-official-the-fbi-is-investigating-trumps-links-to-russia/520134/ |title=It's Official: The FBI Is Investigating Trump's Links to Russia |last=Berman |first=Russell |date=March 20, 2017 |work=[[The Atlantic]] |accessdate=June 7, 2017}}</ref>
The connections between Trump associates and Russia have been widely reported by the press.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/13/donald-trump-russia-vladimir-putin-us-election-hack |title=Trump's relationship with Russia – what we know and what comes next |last=McCarthy |first=Tom |date=December 13, 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=March 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2017/03/03/the-web-of-relationships-between-team-trump-and-russia/ |title=The web of relationships between Team Trump and Russia |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=March 3, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=March 11, 2017}}</ref> One of Trump's campaign managers, [[Paul Manafort]], had worked from December 2004 until February 2010 to help pro-Russian politician [[Viktor Yanukovych]] win the Ukrainian presidency.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/08/19/paul-manaforts-complicated-ties-to-ukraine-explained/ |title=Paul Manafort's complicated ties to Ukraine, explained |last=Phillips |first=Amber |date=August 19, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=June 14, 2017}}</ref> Other Trump associates, including former National Security Advisor [[Michael T. Flynn]] and political consultant [[Roger Stone]], have been connected to Russian officials.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Risen |first1=James |title=Roger Stone Made His Name as a Dirty Trickster, but the Trump-Russia Cover-Up May Finally Bring Him Down |url=https://theintercept.com/2019/01/26/roger-stone-made-his-name-as-a-dirty-trickster-but-the-trump-russia-coverup-may-finally-bring-him-down/ |work=The Intercept |date=January 26, 2019}}</ref><ref name="many">{{cite news |url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |title=Donald Trump's Many, Many, Many, Many Ties to Russia |last=Nesbit |first=Jeff |date=August 15, 2016 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |accessdate=February 28, 2017}}</ref> Russian agents were overheard during the campaign saying they could use Manafort and Flynn to influence Trump.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/335035-nyt-russians-discussed-using-manafort-flynn-to-influence-trump |title=NYT: Russians discussed using Manafort, Flynn to influence Trump |last=Williams |first=Katie Bo |date=May 24, 2017 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=May 28, 2017}}</ref>
Members of Trump's campaign and later his White House staff, particularly Flynn, were in contact with Russian officials both before and after the November election.<ref>{{cite news |title=We Still Don't Know What Happened Between Trump and Russia |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/11/we-still-dont-know-what-happened-between-trump-and-russia/602116/ |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=November 15, 2019 |first=David A. |last=Graham}}</ref><ref name="Reuters2">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-contacts-idUSKCN18E106 |title=Exclusive: Trump campaign had at least 18 undisclosed contacts with Russians: sources |last1=Parker |first1=Ned |last2=Landay |first2=Jonathan |last3=Strobel |first3=Warren |date=May 18, 2017 |accessdate=May 19, 2017 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> On December 29, 2016, Flynn talked with Russian Ambassador [[Sergey Kislyak]] about sanctions that had been imposed the same day; Flynn later resigned in the midst of controversy over whether he misled Pence.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/02/13/politics/michael-flynn-white-house-national-security-adviser/ |title=Flynn resigns amid controversy over Russia contacts |last1=Murray |first1=Sara |author1link=Sara Murray (journalist) |last2=Borger |first2=Gloria |author2link=Gloria Borger |last3=Diamond |first3=Jeremy |author3link=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |date=February 14, 2017 |accessdate=March 2, 2017 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> ''The Washington Post'' reported that Trump told Kislyak and [[Sergei Lavrov]] in May 2017 that he was unconcerned about Russian interference in U.S. elections.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html |title=Trump told Russian officials in 2017 he wasn't concerned about Moscow's interference in U.S. election |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 26, 2019 |first1=Shane |last1=Harris |author1link=Shane Harris |first2=Josh |last2=Dawsey |author2link=Josh Dawsey |first3=Ellen |last3=Nakashima |author3link=Ellen Nakashima}}</ref>
Trump and his allies have promoted [[Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal|a conspiracy theory]] that Ukraine, rather than Russia, interfered in the 2016 election{{snd}}which has also been promoted by Russia in an effort to [[Frameup|frame]] Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/22/us/politics/ukraine-russia-interference.html |title=Charges of Ukrainian Meddling? A Russian Operation, U.S. Intelligence Says |first1=Julian E. |last1=Barnes |first2=Matthew |last2=Rosenberg |author2link=Matthew Rosenberg |date=November 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> After the [[Democratic National Committee]] was hacked, Trump firstly claimed that it withheld "its server" from the FBI (in actuality there were more than 140 servers, of which digital copies were given to the FBI); secondly claimed that [[CrowdStrike]], the company which investigated the servers, was Ukraine-based and Ukrainian-owned (in actuality, CrowdStrike is U.S.-based, with the largest owners being American companies); and thirdly claimed that "the server" was hidden in Ukraine. Members of the Trump administration have spoken out against the conspiracy theories.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pelley |first=Scott |authorlink=Scott Pelley |title=Why President Trump asked Ukraine to look into a DNC "server" and CrowdStrike |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-crowdstrike-ukraine-server-conspiracy-theory-60-minutes-2020-02-16/ |accessdate=February 18, 2020 |work=[[CBS News]] |date=February 16, 2020}}</ref>
=== Special counsel investigation ===
{{Main|Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)|Mueller Report}}
On May 17, 2017, former [[United States Deputy Attorney General|Deputy Attorney General]] [[Rod Rosenstein]] appointed [[Robert Mueller]], a former [[director of the FBI]], to serve as [[special counsel]] for the [[United States Department of Justice]] (DOJ) investigating "any links and/or coordination between Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump, and any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation",<ref name="Mueller_Report">{{cite web |publisher=U.S. Department of Justice |date=March 2019 |first=Robert S. III |last=Mueller |title=Report On The Investigation Into Russian Interference In The 2016 Presidential Election |url=https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf | quote="The Russian government interfered in the 2016 presidential election in sweeping and systematic fashion." [...] "In connection with that analysis, we addressed the factual question whether members of the Trump Campaign 'coordinat[ed]'{{snd}}a term that appears in the appointment order{{snd}}with Russian election interference activities. Like collusion, 'coordination' does not have a settled definition in federal criminal law. We understood coordination to require an agreement{{snd}}tacit or express{{snd}}between the Trump Campaign and the Russian government on election interference. That requires more than the two parties taking actions that were informed by or responsive to the other's actions or interests. We applied the term coordination in that sense when stating in the report that the investigation did not establish that the Trump Campaign coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities."}}</ref><ref name="Rosenstein_5/17/2017"/> thus taking over the existing "[[Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)|Crossfire Hurricane]]" FBI investigation into the matter.<ref name="Rosenstein_5/17/2017">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/17/us/politics/document-Robert-Mueller-Special-Counsel-Russia.html |title=Rod Rosenstein's Letter Appointing Mueller Special Counsel |last=Rosenstein |first=Rod |date=May 17, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=May 18, 2017}}</ref> The special counsel also investigated whether Trump's [[dismissal of James Comey]] as FBI director constituted obstruction of justice, and possible campaign ties to other national governments.<ref name=Vitkovskaya>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/06/15/the-president-is-under-investigation-for-obstruction-of-justice-how-did-we-get-here/ |title=Trump Is Officially under Investigation. How Did We Get Here? |work=[[The Washington Post]] |last=Vitkovskaya |first=Julie |date=June 16, 2017 |accessdate=June 16, 2017 |quote=Trump is officially under investigation{{nbsp}}... Special counsel investigating Trump for possible obstruction of justice ... The president is being investigated ...}}</ref> Trump repeatedly denied any collusion between his campaign and the Russian government.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bump |first=Philip |title=Analysis {{!}} Trump and the White House have denied Russian collusion more than 140 times |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/01/11/trump-and-the-white-house-have-denied-russian-collusion-more-than-140-times/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 11, 2018}}</ref> Mueller also investigated the Trump campaign's possible ties to [[Saudi Arabia]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Turkey]], [[Qatar]], [[Israel]], and [[China]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Joshua |last=Keating |authorlink=Joshua Keating |title=It's Not Just a "Russia" Investigation Anymore |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/03/mueller-investigation-spreads-to-qatar-israel-uae-china-turkey.html |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=March 8, 2018}}</ref>
Trump sought to fire Mueller on several occasions{{snd}}in June 2017, December 2017, and April 2018{{snd}}and close the investigation, but backed down after his staff objected or after changing his mind.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Haberman |first1=Maggie |author1link=Maggie Haberman |last2=Schmidt |first2=Michael S. |author2link=Michael S. Schmidt |title=Trump Sought to Fire Mueller in December |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/10/us/politics/trump-sought-to-fire-mueller-in-december.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> He bemoaned the recusal of his first Attorney General Jeff Sessions regarding Russia matters, and believed Sessions should have stopped the investigation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-sessions-twitter-stop-rigged-witch-hunt/story?id=56962100 |title=Trump to Sessions: Shut down Russia probe |last1=Keneally |first1=Meghan |last2=Mallin |first2=Alexander |date=August 1, 2018 |website=[[ABC News]] |accessdate=August 1, 2018}}</ref>
On March 22, 2019, Mueller concluded his investigation and gave [[Mueller Report|his report]] to Attorney General [[William Barr]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/22/robert-mueller-submits-special-counsels-russia-probe-report-to-attorney-general-william-barr.html |title=Mueller probe ends: Special counsel submits Russia report to Attorney General William Barr |last=Breuninger |first=Kevin |date=March 22, 2019 |website=[[CNBC]] |access-date=March 22, 2019}}</ref> On March 24, Barr sent [[Barr letter|a four-page letter]] to Congress summarizing the "principal conclusions" in the report. He quoted Mueller as stating "while this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him." Barr further wrote that he and Rosenstein did not see sufficient evidence to prove obstruction of justice.<ref name=Pramuk>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/24/attorney-general-william-barr-to-release-mueller-russia-probe-findings.html |title=Trump did not collude with Russia, says Mueller, and is cleared of obstruction by the attorney general |first1=Jacob |last1=Pramuk |first2=Spencer |last2=Kimball |date=March 24, 2019 |website=[[CNBC]] |access-date=March 24, 2019}}</ref> Trump interpreted Mueller's report as a "complete exoneration", a phrase he repeated multiple times in the ensuing weeks.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-47687956/mueller-report-a-complete-exoneration-donald-trump |title=Mueller report a 'complete exoneration' – Donald Trump |date=March 24, 2019 |work=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=June 1, 2019}}</ref> Mueller privately complained to Barr on March 27 that his summary did not accurately reflect what the report said,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/mueller-complained-that-barrs-letter-did-not-capture-context-of-trump-probe/2019/04/30/d3c8fdb6-6b7b-11e9-a66d-a82d3f3d96d5_story.html |title=Mueller complained that Barr's letter did not capture 'context' of Trump probe |first1=Devlin |last1=Barrett |first2=Matt |last2=Zapotosky |date=April 30, 2019 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=May 30, 2019}}</ref> and some legal analysts called the Barr letter misleading.<ref name="testcomm2">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/04/19/mueller-report-analysis-legal-experts-226662 |title=The Surprises in the Mueller Report |date=April 19, 2019 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref>
A redacted version of the report was released to the public on April 18, 2019. The first volume found that Russia interfered to favor Trump's candidacy and hinder Clinton's.<ref name=AFPpoints>{{cite news |title=Main points of Mueller report |url=https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/main-points-mueller-report-doc-1fr5vv1 |website=[[Agence France-Presse]] |accessdate=April 20, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420143436/https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/main-points-mueller-report-doc-1fr5vv1 |archivedate=April 20, 2019}}</ref> Despite "numerous links between the Russian government and the Trump campaign", the prevailing evidence "did not establish" that Trump campaign members conspired or coordinated with Russian interference.<ref name="GlobeGraphic">{{cite news |last1=Ostriker |first1=Rebecca |last2=Puzzanghera |first2=Jim |last3=Finucane |first3=Martin |last4=Datar |first4=Saurabh |last5=Uraizee |first5=Irfan |last6=Garvin |first6=Patrick |title=What the Mueller report says about Trump and more |url=https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/03/mueller-report/ |website=[[The Boston Globe]] |accessdate=April 22, 2019}}</ref><ref name="TIMErelease">{{cite news |last=Law |first=Tara |title=Here Are the Biggest Takeaways From the Mueller Report |date=April 18, 2019 |url=http://time.com/5567077/mueller-report-release/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |accessdate=April 22, 2019}}</ref> The report states that Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election was illegal and occurred "in sweeping and systematic fashion",<ref name="Mueller_Report"/> and it details how Trump and his campaign welcomed and encouraged foreign interference believing they would politically benefit.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 24, 2019 |first=Mark |last=Mazzetti |authorlink=Mark Mazzetti |title=Mueller Warns of Russian Sabotage and Rejects Trump's 'Witch Hunt' Claims |accessdate=March 4, 2020 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/24/us/politics/trump-mueller-testimony.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[ABC News]] |date=April 19, 2019 |first=Lucien |last=Bruggeman |title=What did the Mueller report reveal about Trump's overtures to the Russians? |accessdate=March 4, 2020 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/mueller-report-reveal-trumps-overtures-russians/story?id=62511529}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 30, 2019 |last=Bump |first=Philip |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/30/trump-briefly-acknowledges-that-russia-aided-his-election-falsely-says-he-didnt-help-effort/ |accessdate=March 5, 2020 |title=Trump briefly acknowledges that Russia aided his election — and falsely says he didn't help the effort |quote=Mueller's investigation bolstered those findings and demonstrated ways in which Trump and his campaign aided or encouraged those interference efforts, even if unwittingly.}}</ref>
The second volume of the Mueller Report dealt with possible obstruction of justice by Trump.<ref name="WaPoLays">{{cite news |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |last2=Zapotosky |first2=Matt |title=Mueller report lays out obstruction evidence against the president |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/attorney-general-to-provide-overview-of-mueller-report-at-news-conference-before-its-release/2019/04/17/8dcc9440-54b9-11e9-814f-e2f46684196e_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 17, 2019 |accessdate=April 20, 2019}}</ref> The report did not exonerate Trump of obstruction inasmuch as investigators were not confident of his innocence after examining his intent and actions.<ref name="FactCheck11">{{Cite news |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2019/04/what-the-mueller-report-says-about-obstruction/ |title=What the Mueller Report Says About Obstruction |last1=Farley |first1=Robert |last2=Robertson |first2=Lori |last3=Gore |first3=D'Angelo |last4=Spencer |first4=Saranac Hale |last5=Fichera |first5=Angelo |last6=McDonald |first6=Jessica |date=April 19, 2019 |website=[[FactCheck.org]] |access-date=April 22, 2019}}</ref> Investigators decided they could not "apply an approach that could potentially result in a judgment that the President committed crimes", as they could not indict a sitting president per an [[Office of Legal Counsel]] (OLC) opinion, and would not accuse him of a crime when he cannot clear his name in court.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/live-news/robert-mueller-statement-today-report-investigation-trump-2016-election-live-updates-2019-05/ |title=Mueller: If it were clear president committed no crime, "we would have said so" |last=Segers |first=Grace |date=May 29, 2019 |work=CBS News |accessdate=June 2, 2019}}</ref> The report concluded that Congress, having the authority to take action against a president for wrongdoing, "may apply the obstruction laws".<ref name=APdilemma>{{cite news |last=Mascaro |first=Lisa |title=Mueller drops obstruction dilemma on Congress |url=https://www.apnews.com/35829a2b010248f193d1efd00c4de7e5 |website=[[AP News]] |date=April 18, 2019 |accessdate=April 20, 2019}}</ref> Congress subsequently launched an [[Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump|impeachment inquiry]] following the [[Trump–Ukraine scandal]], albeit it ultimately did not press charges related to the Mueller investigation.
=== Associates ===
{{see also|Criminal charges brought in the Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)}}
On August 21, 2018, former Trump campaign chairman [[Paul Manafort]] was [[Trials of Paul Manafort|convicted]] on eight felony counts of false tax filing and bank fraud.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/manafort-jury-suggests-it-cannot-come-to-a-consensus-on-a-single-count/2018/08/21/a2478ac0-a559-11e8-a656-943eefab5daf_story.html |title=Manafort convicted on eight counts; mistrial declared on ten others |last=Zapotosky |first=Matt |last2=Bui |first2=Lynh |last3=Jackman |first3=Tom |last4=Barrett |first4=Devlin |date=August 21, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=August 21, 2018}}</ref> Trump said he felt very badly for Manafort and praised him for resisting the pressure to make a deal with prosecutors, saying "Such respect for a brave man!" According to [[Rudy Giuliani]], Trump's personal attorney, Trump had sought advice about pardoning Manafort but was counseled against it.<ref name="Leonnig823">{{cite news |last1=Leonnig |first1=Carol D. |author1link=Carol D. Leonnig |last2=Dawsey |first2=Josh |author2link=Josh Dawsey |date=August 23, 2018 |title=Trump sought his lawyers' advice weeks ago on possibility of pardoning Manafort, Giuliani says |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-sought-his-lawyers-advice-weeks-ago-on-possibility-of-pardoning-manafort-but-they-counseled-against-it-giuliani-says/2018/08/23/17dce5c6-a70a-11e8-8fac-12e98c13528d_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=August 23, 2018}}</ref>
On November 29, Trump's former attorney Michael Cohen pleaded guilty to lying to Congress about Trump's 2016 attempts to reach a deal with Russia to build [[Trump Tower Moscow|a Trump Tower in Moscow]]. Cohen said he had made the false statements on behalf of Trump, who was identified as "Individual-1" in the court documents.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michael-cohen-trumps-former-lawyer-pleads-guilty-to-lying-to-congress/2018/11/29/5fac986a-f3e0-11e8-bc79-68604ed88993_story.html |title=Michael Cohen, Trump's former lawyer, pleads guilty to lying to Congress about Moscow project |date=November 29, 2018 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Devlin |last1=Barrett |first2=Matt |last2=Zapotosky |first3=Rosalind S. |last3=Helderman |author3link=Rosalind Helderman |accessdate=December 12, 2018}}</ref>
The five Trump associates who have pleaded guilty or have been convicted in Mueller's investigation or related cases include Paul Manafort, deputy campaign manager [[Rick Gates (political consultant)|Rick Gates]], foreign policy advisor [[George Papadopoulos]], Michael Flynn, and Michael Cohen.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mangan |first=Dan |title=Trump and Giuliani are right that 'collusion is not a crime.' But that doesn't matter for Mueller's probe |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/30/giuliani-is-right-collusion-isnt-a-crime-but-that-wont-help-trump.html |website=[[CNBC]] |date=July 30, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=<!-- staff writers; no byline --> |title=Mueller investigation: No jail time sought for Trump ex-adviser Michael Flynn |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46449950 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=December 5, 2018}}</ref> On January 25, 2019, Trump adviser [[Roger Stone]] was arrested at his home in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and indicted on seven criminal charges.<ref name=Mazzetti-190125>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/25/us/politics/roger-stone-trump-mueller.html |title=Indicting Roger Stone, Mueller Shows Link Between Trump Campaign and WikiLeaks |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 25, 2019 |accessdate=January 25, 2019 |first1=Mark |last1=Mazzetti |author1link=Mark Mazzetti |first2=Eileen |last2=Sullivan |author2link=Eileen Sullivan |first3=Maggie |last3=Haberman |author3link=Maggie Haberman}}</ref> He was later convicted and sentenced to three years and four months in prison.<ref name=-200220>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/roger-stone-sentence-due-thursday-in-federal-court/2020/02/19/2e01bfc8-4c38-11ea-9b5c-eac5b16dafaa_story.html | title=Roger Stone sentenced to three years and four months in prison, as Trump predicts 'exoneration' for his friend | work=[[The Washington Post]] | date=February 20, 2020 | accessdate=March 3, 2020}}</ref>
=== 2019 congressional investigation ===
In March 2019, the [[House Judiciary Committee]] launched a broad investigation of Trump for possible obstruction of justice, corruption, and abuse of power.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/house-judiciary-committee-launches-probe-191841170.html |title=House Judiciary Committee launches probe into possible obstruction by Trump |date=March 3, 2019 |accessdate=March 3, 2019 |website=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> Committee chairman [[Jerrold Nadler]] sent letters demanding documents to 81 individuals and organizations associated with Trump's presidency, business, and private life, saying it is "very clear that the president obstructed justice".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/03/house-panel-widen-trump-probe-request-documents-190303172658255.html |title=US: House panel to widen Trump probe, request documents |date=March 3, 2019 |accessdate=March 3, 2019 |website=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref><ref name="Fandos-190304">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/04/us/politics/trump-obstruction.html |title=With Sweeping Document Request, Democrats Launch Broad Trump Corruption Inquiry |last=Fandos |first=Nicholas |date=March 4, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=March 6, 2019 |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos}}</ref> Three other committee chairmen wrote the White House and State Department requesting details of Trump's communications with Putin, including any efforts to conceal the content of those communications.<ref name="Fandos-190304" /> The White House refused to comply, asserting that presidential communications with foreign leaders are protected and confidential.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/21/politics/trump-putin-white-house-rejects/index.html |title=White House rejects Dem requests for info on Putin communications |last1=Herb |first1=Jeremy |date=March 21, 2019 |accessdate=March 21, 2019 |website=[[CNN]] |last2=Brown |first2=Pamela |author2link=Pamela Brown (journalist)}}</ref>
== Impeachment ==
{{Main|Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump|Impeachment of Donald Trump|Impeachment trial of Donald Trump}}
{{See also|Trump–Ukraine scandal}}
Impeachment and trial is a process under the [[United States Constitution]] whereby the legislature can remove from office a president, cabinet member, judge, or other civil officer.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cole|first1=Jared P.|last2=Garvey|first2=Todd|title=Impeachment and Removal|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44260.pdf|work=Congressional Research Service|date=October 29, 2015|access-date=January 25, 2020}}</ref> The [[U.S. House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] investigates the case; if the House votes to bring charges, that is an impeachment. There is then a trial in the [[U.S. Senate|Senate]]; a two-thirds vote is required to remove the person from office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articleii|title=Article 2, United States Constitution|publisher=Legal Information Institute}}</ref>
=== Impeachment by the House of Representatives ===
During much of Trump's presidency, Democrats were divided on the question of impeachment.<ref>{{cite news |title='Reluctant impeachment': Will Pelosi ever be swayed to go there? |first=Lindsey |last=McPherson |url=https://www.rollcall.com/news/congress/reluctant-impeachment-will-pelosi-ever-swayed-go |work=[[Roll Call]] |date=May 24, 2019}}</ref> Fewer than 20 representatives in the House supported impeachment by January 2019; after the Mueller Report was released in April and special counsel Robert Mueller testified in July, this number grew to around 140 representatives.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bump |first1=Philip |title=The most important number in the impeachment fight keeps getting smaller |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/24/most-important-number-impeachment-fight-right-now/ |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref>
In August 2019, a [[Whistleblower protection in the United States|whistleblower]] filed a complaint with the [[Inspector General of the Intelligence Community]] about a July 25 phone call between Trump and President of Ukraine [[Volodymyr Zelensky]], during which Trump had pressured Zelensky to investigate [[CrowdStrike]] and Democratic presidential primary candidate [[Joe Biden]] and his son [[Hunter Biden|Hunter]], adding that the White House attempted to "lock down" the call records in a cover-up.<ref name="undermine">{{cite news |last1=Bump |first1=Philip |title=Trump wanted Russia's main geopolitical adversary to help undermine the Russian interference story |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/25/trump-wanted-russias-main-geopolitical-adversary-help-him-undermine-russian-interference-story/ |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> The whistleblower further stated that the call was part of a wider pressure campaign by Giuliani and the Trump administration which may have included withholding financial aid from Ukraine in July 2019 and canceling Vice President Pence's May 2019 Ukraine trip.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/26/politics/whistleblower-complaint-released/index.html |title=Whistleblower says White House tried to cover up Trump's abuse of power |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=September 26, 2019 |access-date=September 26, 2019 |first1=Marshall |last1=Cohen |first2=Katelyn |last2=Polantz |first3=David |last3=Shortell}}</ref> Trump later confirmed having withheld military aid from Ukraine and offered contradicting reasons for the decision.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Forgey |first1=Quint |title=Trump changes story on withholding Ukraine aid |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/09/24/donald-trump-ukraine-military-aid-1509070 |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[Politico]] |date=September 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=John |last1=Wagner |first2=Felicia |last2=Sonmez |first3=Colby |last3=Itkowitz |title=Live updates: Top Democrat warns White House 'we're not fooling around' on impeachment inquiry |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-impeachment-whistleblower/2019/10/02/80df829a-e494-11e9-b403-f738899982d2_story.html |accessdate=October 2, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kramer |first1=Andrew E. |title=Ukraine to Review Criminal Case on Owner of Firm Linked to Biden's Son |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/04/world/europe/ukraine-biden-burisma.html |accessdate=October 4, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 4, 2019}}</ref>
After the whistleblower complaint became known in September 2019, House speaker [[Nancy Pelosi]] initiated [[Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump|a formal impeachment inquiry]] on September 24.<ref name="Fandos">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 24, 2019 |first=Nicholas |last=Fandos |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos |title=Nancy Pelosi Announces Formal Impeachment Inquiry of Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/24/us/politics/democrats-impeachment-trump.html}}</ref><ref name="The Washington Post">{{cite news |last1=Rucker |first1=Philip |author1link=Philip Rucker |last2=Bade |first2=Rachael |last3=Costa |first3=Robert |author3link=Robert Costa (journalist) |title=Trump deflects and defies as Democrats speed up impeachment strategy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-deflects-and-defies-as-democrats-speed-up-impeachment-strategy/2019/09/25/d73de84a-dfc9-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html |accessdate=September 26, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> The Trump administration subsequently released a memorandum of the July 25 phone call, confirming that after Zelensky mentioned purchasing American anti-tank missiles, Trump asked Zelensky to investigate and to discuss these matters with Trump's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani and Attorney General William Barr.<ref name="undermine"/><ref name="abcnews.go.com">{{cite news |last1=Santucci |first1=John |last2=Mallin |first2=Alexander |last3=Thomas |first3=Pierre |author3link=Pierre Thomas (journalist) |last4=Faulders |first4=Katherine |title=Trump urged Ukraine to work with Barr and Giuliani to probe Biden: Call transcript |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/transcript-trump-call-ukraine-includes-talk-giuliani-barr/story?id=65848768 |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[ABC News]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> According to the testimony of multiple administration officials and former officials, the events were part of a broader effort to further Trump's personal interests by giving him an advantage in the upcoming presidential election.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2019/09/24/whistleblower-complaint/assets/amp.html |title=Newsgraphics: Read The Whistleblower Complaint |date=September 24, 2019 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 2, 2019}}</ref>
Among several State Department employees testifying to congressional committees in October 2019, [[William B. Taylor Jr.]], the [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Ukraine|chargé d'affaires for Ukraine]], testified that soon after arriving in Ukraine in June 2019, he found that Zelensky was being subjected to pressure from a private initiative directed by Trump and led by Giuliani. According to Taylor and others, the goal was to coerce Zelensky into making a public commitment to investigate the company that employed Hunter Biden, as well as rumors about Ukrainian involvement in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/22/us/trump-impeachment-ukraine.html |title=Ukraine Envoy Testifies Trump Linked Military Aid to Investigations, Lawmaker Says |last1=Shear |first1=Michael D. |author1link=Michael D. Shear |last2=Fandos |first2=Nicholas |author2link=Nicholas Fandos |date=October 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 22, 2019 }}</ref> He said it was made clear that until Zelensky made such an announcement, the administration would not release scheduled military aid for Ukraine and not invite Zelensky to the White House.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/22/us/politics/william-taylor-testimony.html |title=6 Key Revelations of Taylor's Opening Statement to Impeachment Investigators |last=LaFraniere |first=Sharon |authorlink=Sharon LaFraniere |date=October 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 23, 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/22/william-taylor-ukraine-testimony-trump-054259 |title=William Taylor testifies about deep-seated push for Ukraine quid pro quo |last1=Cheney |first1=Kyle |author1link=Kyle Cheney (journalist) |last2=Desiderio |first2=Andrew |date=October 22, 2019 |website=[[Politico]] |access-date=October 22, 2019 }}</ref> Zelensky denied that he felt pressured by Trump.<ref name="Zelensky Pressure">{{cite news|url=https://time.com/5686305/zelensky-ukraine-denies-trump-pressure/|title='Nobody Pushed Me.' Ukrainian President Denies Trump Pressured Him to Investigate Biden's Son|last=Law|first=Tara|date=September 25, 2019|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=November 20, 2019}}</ref>
On December 3, 2019, the [[House Intelligence Committee]] published a report authored by Democrats on the committee, stating that "the impeachment inquiry has found that President Trump, personally and acting through agents within and outside of the U.S. government, solicited the interference of a foreign government, Ukraine, to benefit his reelection." The report stated that Trump withheld military aid and a White House invitation in order to influence Ukraine to announce investigations into Trump's political rivals. Furthermore, the report described Trump was the only U.S. president thus far to have "openly and indiscriminately" defied impeachment proceedings by telling his administration officials to ignore subpoenas for documents and testimony.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mascaro |first1=Lisa |last2=Jalonick |first2=Mary Clare |first3=Zeke |last3=Miller |first4=Colleen |last4=Long |first5=Eric |last5=Tucker |first6=Jill |last6=Colvin |agency=[[Associated Press]] |title=House Releases 300-Page Report Outlining Evidence for Trump's Impeachment |url=https://time.com/5743345/house-releases-trump-impeachment-report/ |accessdate=December 11, 2019 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=December 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Weiland |first1=Noah |title=Impeachment Briefing: The Democratic Report |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/03/us/politics/impeachment-briefing-the-democratic-report.html |accessdate=December 11, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 3, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Intel-Report">{{Cite web|url=https://intelligence.house.gov/uploadedfiles/20191203_-_full_report___hpsci_impeachment_inquiry_-_20191203.pdf|title=Report of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Pursuant to H. Res. 660 in Consultation with the House Committee on Oversight and Reform and the House Committee on Foreign Affairs|last=House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence|date=December 3, 2019|website=U.S. House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence|access-date=December 5, 2019}}</ref>{{Rp|8,208}} The Republicans of the House Committees had released a draft of a countering report the previous day, saying in part that the evidence "does not prove any of these Democrat allegations, and none of the Democrats' witnesses testified to having evidence of bribery, extortion, or any high crime or misdemeanor."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/12/02/house-gop-draft-report-defends-president-trump-impeachment-inquiry/2590245001/ |title=House GOP report on impeachment inquiry defends Trump's dealings with Ukraine |work=[[USA Today]]|date=December 2, 2019 |accessdate=December 12, 2019 |first1=Bart |last1=Jansen |first2=Christal |last2=Hayes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/12/02/784183484/read-republican-report-on-the-impeachment-inquiry |title= Republican Report On The Impeachment Inquiry |work=[[NPR]]|date=December 2, 2019 |accessdate=December 12, 2019}}</ref>
On December 13, 2019, the House Judiciary Committee voted along party lines to pass two articles of impeachment: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.<ref name = Siegel>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/house-judiciary-committee-set-vote-trump-impeachment-articles/story?id=67706093|last1=Siegel|first1=Benjamin|last2=Faulders|first2=Katherine|title=House Judiciary Committee passes articles of impeachment against President Trump|date=December 13, 2019|work=ABC News|accessdate=December 13, 2019}}</ref> After debate, the House of Representatives impeached Trump with both articles on December 18.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gregorian |first1=Dareh |title=Trump impeached by the House for abuse of power, obstruction of Congress |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-impeachment-inquiry/trump-impeached-house-abuse-power-n1104196 |accessdate=December 18, 2019 |work=NBC News |date=December 18, 2019}}</ref>
=== Impeachment trial in the Senate ===
{{Main|Impeachment trial of Donald Trump}}
The Senate impeachment trial began on January 16, 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last=Herb |first=Jeremy |title=Senate impeachment trial of Donald Trump officially begins |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/16/politics/senate-impeachment-trial-starts/index.html |accessdate=January 18, 2020 |website=[[CNN]] |date=January 16, 2020}}</ref> On January 22, the Republican Senate majority rejected amendments proposed by the Democratic minority to call witnesses and subpoena documents; evidence collected during the House impeachment proceedings will be entered into the Senate record automatically unless objected to on a case-by-case basis.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-impeachment-inquiry/senate-passes-mcconnell-impeachment-rules-after-nearly-13-hours-debate-n1119861 |title=Senate passes McConnell impeachment rules after nearly 13 hours of debate |work=[[NBC News]] |first=Dareh |last=Gregorian |date=2020-01-22 |accessdate=2020-01-22}}</ref> For the three days, January 22–24, the impeachment managers for the House presented their case to the Senate. They cited evidence to support charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress, and asserted that Trump's actions were exactly what the founding fathers had in mind when they included an impeachment process in the Constitution.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/democrats-detail-abuse-of-power-charge-against-trump-as-republicans-complain-of-repetitive-arguments/2020/01/23/3fb149b4-3e05-11ea-8872-5df698785a4e_story.html |title=Democrats detail abuse-of-power charge against Trump as Republicans complain of repetitive arguments |date=January 23, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=27 January 2020}}</ref> Responding over the next three days, the Trump legal team did not deny the facts as presented in the charges, but said Trump had not broken any laws or obstructed Congress.<ref name="brazen">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 22, 2020 |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Nicholas |last2=Fandos |author2link=Nicholas Fandos |title=Trump's Defense Team Calls Impeachment Charges 'Brazen' as Democrats Make Legal Case |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/18/us/politics/house-trump-impeachment.html|access-date=January 30, 2020}}</ref> They argued that the impeachment was "constitutionally and legally invalid" because Trump was not charged with a crime, that abuse of power is not an impeachable offense, and that Trump therefore should be acquitted immediately.<ref name="brazen"/> January 29 and 30 were devoted to written questions from senators.<ref name=questions>{{cite news |last1=Samuelsohn |first1=Darren |last2=Levine |first2=Marianne |title=12 questions to expect at Trump's impeachment trial |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/01/29/questions-trump-impeachment-trial-108238 |accessdate=January 29, 2020 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 29, 2020}}</ref> On January 31, the Senate voted against calling any witnesses,<ref>{{cite news |first1=John |last1=Haltiwanger |first2=Sonam |last2=Sheth |title=In an Unprecedented Move, the Senate Voted against Calling Witnesses in Trump's Impeachment Trial |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=January 31, 2020 |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/senate-voted-against-calling-witnesses-in-trump-impeachment-trial-2020-1}}</ref> making this the first impeachment trial in U.S. history without witness testimony.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bookbinder |first=Noah |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/01/09/senate-has-conducted-15-impeachment-trials-it-heard-witnesses-every-one/ |title=The Senate has conducted 15 impeachment trials. It heard witnesses in every one. |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 9, 2020 |access-date=February 8, 2020}}</ref> On February 5, Trump was acquitted of both charges in a vote nearly along party lines, with Republican [[Mitt Romney]] being the only senator{{snd}}and the first senator in U.S. history{{snd}}to cross party lines by voting to convict on one of the charges.<ref>{{cite news |last=Fandos |first=Nicholas |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/05/us/politics/trump-acquitted-impeachment.html |title=Trump Acquitted of Two Impeachment Charges in Near Party-Line Vote |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 5, 2020 |access-date=February 7, 2020}}</ref> Following his acquittal, Trump began identifying and removing political appointees and career officials he deemed insufficiently loyal.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 21, 2020 |first1=Toluse |last1=Olorunnipa |author1link=Toluse Olorunnipa |first2=Ashley |last2=Parker |author2link=Ashley Parker |first3=Josh |last3=Dawsey |author3link=Josh Dawsey |title=Trump embarks on expansive search for disloyalty as administration-wide purge escalates |accessdate=February 22, 2020 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/were-cleaning-it-out-trump-embarks-on-expansive-search-for-disloyalty-as-administration-wide-purge-escalates/2020/02/21/870e6c56-54c1-11ea-b119-4faabac6674f_story.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 22, 2020 |first=Peter |last=Baker |authorlink=Peter Baker (journalist) |title=Trump's Efforts to Remove the Disloyal Heightens Unease Across His Administration |accessdate=February 22, 2020 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/22/us/politics/trump-disloyalty-turnover.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[CNN]] |date=February 21, 2020 |first1=Jeremy |last1=Diamond |author1link=Jeremy Diamond |first2=Jim |last2=Acosta |author2link=Jim Acosta |first3=Kaitlan |last3=Collins |author3link=Kaitlan Collins |first4=Kristen |last4=Holmes |title=President's new personnel head tells agencies to look out for disloyal staffers |accessdate=February 22, 2020 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/21/politics/john-mcentee-disloyal-white-house-staffers/index.html}}</ref>
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
=== Works cited ===
<!-- This section is ONLY for books that are cited in footnotes of this Wikipedia article. -->
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |title=Trump: The Deals and the Downfall |last=Barrett |first=Wayne |authorlink=Wayne Barrett |publisher=[[Harper Collins]] |year=2016 |orig-year=First published 1992 |edition=First Regan Art Paperback |isbn=978-1-682450-79-6 |ref=harv}} Paperback title: ''The greatest show on Earth{{snd}}The deals, the downfall, the reinvention''.
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ig1ZCgAAQBAJ |title=Donald Trump: The Candidate |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2015a |isbn=978-1-4391-2937-1 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ |title=The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2015b|orig-year=First published 2001 |isbn=978-1-5011-3936-9 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G7Tf_1GzlHEC |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1989 |last=Gallup |first=George Jr. |authorlink=George Gallup Jr. |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-8420-2344-3 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Xjp3R1PqO4C |title=Empire: A Tale of Obsession, Betrayal, and the Battle for an American Icon |last=Pacelle |first=Mitchell |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-471-23865-2 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |title=Trump Revealed: The Definitive Biography of the 45th President |last1=Kranish |first1=Michael |author1link=Michael Kranish |last2=Fisher |first2=Marc |author2link=Marc Fisher |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2017 |orig-year=First published 2016 |isbn=978-1-5011-5652-6 |ref=harv |title-link=Trump Revealed}}
* {{cite book |title=Trumped! |last1=O'Donnell |first1=John R. |last2=Rutherford |first2=James |publisher=Crossroad Press Trade Edition |year=1991 |orig-year=First published 1991 |isbn=978-1946025-26-5 |ref=harv |title-link=Trumped! (book)}}
* {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/trumpartofdeal0000trum |url-access=registration |title=Trump: The Art of the Deal |first1=Donald J. |last1=Trump |first2=Tony |last2=Schwartz |author2link=Tony Schwartz (author) |publisher=[[Random House]] |year=2009 |orig-year=First published 1987 |isbn=978-0-446-35325-0 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NIPOonZnkDEC |title=Donald Trump: From Real Estate to Reality TV |last=Wooten |first=Sara |publisher=[[Enslow Publishers]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7660-2890-6 |ref=harv}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
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* [https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president-trump President Trump's profile on WhiteHouse.gov]
* [https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump Donald Trump] on Twitter (personal)<!-- DO NOT CHANGE without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 9. -->
* [https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/607230 Donald Trump] at ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''
* [https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/donald-trump Donald Trump collected news and commentary]. ''The New York Times''.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170223112959/https://topics.wsj.com/person/T/Donald-Trump/159 Donald Trump collected news and commentary]. ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''.
* [https://www.c-span.org/person/?donaldtrump Donald Trump appearances] on [[C-SPAN]]
* [https://archive.org/details/trumparchive Donald Trump] on the [[Internet Archive]]
* [https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/people/donald-j-trump Talking About Donald Trump] at [[The Interviews: An Oral History of Television]]
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New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Other uses}}
{{pp-move-indef|small=yes}}
{{pp-vand|small=yes}}
{{short description|45th president of the United States}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2019}}
<!-- See [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 17. -->
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Donald Trump official portrait.jpg<!-- DO NOT CHANGE the picture without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 1. -->
| alt = Head shot of Trump smiling in front of the U.S. flag. He is wearing a dark blue suit jacket, white shirt, light blue necktie, and American flag lapel pin.
| caption =
| order = 45th<!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] had a weak consensus to keep the status-quo of no link. -->
| office = President of the United States
| vicepresident = [[Mike Pence]]
| term_start = January 20, 2017
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Barack Obama]]
| successor =
| birth_name = Donald John Trump
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}}
| birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]]<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this location without prior consensus, do not add Jamaica, NY state or U.S. etc, please see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 2. -->
| party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–present)
| otherparty = {{plainlist|
* [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (until 1987, 2001–2009)
* [[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform]] (1999–2001)
* [[Independent politician|Independent]] (2011–2012)
}}
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Ivana Zelníčková]]|April 7, 1977|March 22, 1992|end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|December 20, 1993|June 8, 1999|end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|[[Melania Knauss]]|January 22, 2005}}
}}
| children = {{flatlist|
* [[Donald Trump Jr.|Donald Jr.]]
* [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]]
* [[Eric Trump|Eric]]
* [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]]
* [[Barron Trump|Barron]]<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this link without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 10. -->
}}
| parents = [[Fred Trump]]<br />[[Mary Anne MacLeod]]
| relatives = [[Family of Donald Trump]]
| awards = [[List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump|List of honors and awards]]
| residence = {{plainlist|
* [[White House]] (official)
* [[Mar-a-Lago]] (personal)
* [[Residences of Donald Trump|Full list]]
}}
| alma_mater = [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|The Wharton School]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]] in [[Economics|Econ.]])<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this college or diploma without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 18. -->
| net_worth = US$3.1 billion (March 2019)<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this value without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 5. -->{{efn|name=Wealth}}
| signature = Donald Trump Signature.svg
| signature_alt = Donald J Trump stylized autograph, in ink
| website = {{plainlist|
* {{URL|https://donaldjtrump.com|Official website}}
* {{URL|https://whitehouse.gov/administration/president-trump|White House website}}
}}
| nickname = "The Donald"<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2015/09/01/why-does-everyone-call-donald-trump-the-donald-its-an-interesting-story/ |title=Why does everyone call Donald Trump 'The Donald'? It's an interesting story. |last=Argetsinger |first=Amy |date=September 1, 2015 |website=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Donald Trump series}}
<!-- NOTE: Changes to the lead are regularly discussed on the talk page. PLEASE DO NOT EDIT WAR. If you make a change that is reverted, please open a discussion or contribute to an existing one, per [[WP:BRD]]. Consensus items marked "DO NOT CHANGE" require prior discussion. -->
'''Donald John Trump''' (born June 14, 1946) is the [[List of presidents of the United States#Presidents|45th]] and current [[president of the United States]]. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality.<!-- DO NOT CHANGE the first paragraph without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 17. -->
Trump was born and raised in [[Queens]], a borough of New York City, and received a [[bachelor's degree]] in economics from the [[Wharton School]]. He took charge of his family's real-estate business in 1971, renamed it [[The Trump Organization]], and expanded its operations from Queens and [[Brooklyn]] into [[Manhattan]]. The company built or renovated skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. Trump later started [[The Trump Organization#Other ventures and investments|various side ventures]], mostly by licensing his name. He produced and hosted ''[[The Apprentice (American TV series)|The Apprentice]]'', a [[reality television]] show, from 2003 to 2015. {{As of|2019}}, ''[[Forbes]]'' estimated his net worth to be $3.1 billion.{{efn|name=Wealth}}<!-- DO NOT CHANGE net worth without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 5. -->
Trump entered the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential race]] as a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] and defeated 16 other candidates in the [[2016 Republican Party presidential primaries|primaries]]. [[Political positions of Donald Trump|His political positions]] have been described as [[populist]], [[protectionist]], and [[nationalist]]. Despite not being favored in most forecasts, he was elected over [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee [[Hillary Clinton]], although he lost the popular vote. He became the [[List of presidents of the United States by age|oldest first-term U.S. president]],{{efn|[[Ronald Reagan]] was older upon his second-term inauguration.}} and the first without [[List of presidents of the United States by previous experience|prior military or government service]]. His election and policies have sparked [[Protests against Donald Trump|numerous protests]].<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 20. --> Trump has made [[Veracity of statements by Donald Trump|many false or misleading statements]] during his campaign and presidency. The statements have been documented by [[fact-checker]]s, and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics.<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 35. --> Many of his [[Racial views of Donald Trump|comments and actions]] have also been characterized as racially charged or racist.<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 30. -->
During [[Presidency of Donald Trump|his presidency]], Trump [[Executive Order 13769|ordered a travel ban]] on citizens from several Muslim-majority countries, citing security concerns; after [[Legal challenges to the Trump travel ban|legal challenges]], the Supreme Court upheld [[Presidential Proclamation 9645|the policy's third revision]].<!-- DO NOT CHANGE this sentence IN ANY WAY without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 23. --> He enacted [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017|a tax-cut package]] for individuals and businesses, rescinding the [[individual shared responsibility provision|individual health insurance mandate]]. He appointed [[Neil Gorsuch]] and [[Brett Kavanaugh]] to the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]]. In foreign policy, Trump has pursued an [[America First (policy)|America First]] agenda, withdrawing the U.S. from the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]] trade negotiations, the [[Paris Agreement]] on climate change, and the [[United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|Iran nuclear deal]], eventually [[2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis|increasing tensions]] with the country. He [[United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel|recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel]], and [[Trump tariffs|imposed import tariffs]] triggering [[China–United States trade war|a trade war with China]].
A [[Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)|special counsel investigation]] led by [[Robert Mueller]] [[Mueller Report|found]] that Trump and [[Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign|his campaign]] welcomed and encouraged [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Russian foreign interference]] in the 2016 presidential election under the belief that it would be politically advantageous, but did not find sufficient evidence to press charges of [[Conspiracy (criminal)|criminal conspiracy]] or coordination with Russia. Mueller also investigated Trump for [[obstruction of justice]], and his report neither indicted nor exonerated Trump on that count. A [[Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump|2019 House impeachment inquiry]] found that Trump solicited [[Foreign interference in the 2020 United States elections|foreign interference in the 2020 U.S. presidential election]] from [[Trump–Ukraine scandal|Ukraine]] to help his [[Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign|re-election bid]] and then obstructed the inquiry itself. The [[United States House of Representatives|House]] [[Impeachment of Donald Trump|impeached]] Trump on December 18, 2019, for [[abuse of power]] and [[obstruction of Congress]]. The [[United States Senate|Senate]] [[Impeachment trial of Donald Trump|acquitted]] him of both charges on February 5, 2020.
{{TOC limit|3}}
== Family and personal life ==
=== Early life and education ===
[[File:Donald Trump NYMA.jpg|upright=0.7|thumb|alt=A black-and-white photograph of Donald Trump as a teenager, smiling and wearing a dark pseudo-military uniform with various badges and a light-colored stripe crossing his right shoulder|1964 yearbook photo]]
Donald John Trump was born on June 14, 1946, at the Jamaica Hospital in the borough of [[Queens]], New York City.<ref name="Birth Certificate">{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168 |title=Certificate of Birth |publisher=Department of Health – City of New York – Bureau of Records and Statistics |via=[[ABC News]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512232306/https://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168 |archivedate=May 12, 2016 |access-date=October 23, 2018}}</ref> His father was [[Frederick Christ Trump]], a Bronx-born real estate developer whose parents were German immigrants. His mother was Scottish-born housewife [[Mary Anne MacLeod Trump]]. Trump grew up in the [[Jamaica Estates, Queens|Jamaica Estates]] neighborhood of Queens and attended the [[Kew-Forest School]] from kindergarten through seventh grade.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 32]}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/us/politics/donald-trumps-old-queens-neighborhood-now-a-melting-pot-was-seen-as-a-cloister.html |title=Donald Trump's Old Queens Neighborhood Contrasts With the Diverse Area Around It |first=Jason |last=Horowitz |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 22, 2015 |accessdate=November 7, 2018}}</ref> At age 13, he was enrolled in the [[New York Military Academy]], a private boarding school.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 38]}}
In 1964, Trump enrolled at [[Fordham University]]. Two years later he transferred to the [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|Wharton School]] of the [[University of Pennsylvania]].<ref name=bostonglobe-20150828>{{cite news |first=Matt |last=Viser |title=Even in college, Donald Trump was brash |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2015/08/28/donald-trump-was-bombastic-even-wharton-business-school/3FO0j1uS5X6S8156yH3YhL/story.html |date=August 28, 2015 |accessdate=May 28, 2018}}</ref> While at Wharton, he worked at the family business, Elizabeth Trump & Son.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/03/if-donald-trump-followed-this-really-basic-advice-hed-be-a-lot-richer |title=The real reason Donald Trump is so rich |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 3, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Max |last=Ehrenfreund |url-access=limited}}</ref> He graduated in May 1968 with a [[Bachelor of Science|B.S.]] in economics.<ref name=bostonglobe-20150828 /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf |pages=19–21 |title=Two Hundred and Twelfth Commencement for the Conferring of Degrees |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania]] |date=May 20, 1968 |archivedate=July 19, 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719213709/https://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf}}</ref> Profiles of Trump published in ''The New York Times'' in 1973 and 1976 erroneously reported that he had graduated first in his class at Wharton, but he had never made the school's honor roll.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 20, 2018 |first=Avi |last=Selk |title=It's the 50th anniversary of the day Trump left college and (briefly) faced the draft |accessdate=March 3, 2019 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/05/20/its-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-day-trump-left-college-and-nearly-had-to-go-to-war/}}</ref> In 2015 Trump's lawyer [[Michael Cohen (lawyer)|Michael Cohen]] threatened Fordham University and the New York Military Academy with legal action if they released Trump's academic records.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ashford |first1=Grace |title=Michael Cohen Says Trump Told Him to Threaten Schools Not to Release Grades |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=June 9, 2019 |date=February 27, 2019}}</ref>
While in college, Trump obtained four student [[Conscription in the United States|draft]] deferments.<ref name="defer">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-avoided-vietnam-with-deferments-records-show |title=Donald Trump avoided Vietnam with deferments, records show |date=April 29, 2011 |website=[[CBS News]] |first=Brian |last=Montopoli |accessdate=July 17, 2015}}</ref> In 1966, he was deemed fit for military service based upon a medical examination, and in July 1968 a local draft board classified him as eligible to serve.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/foia/donald-trump-selective-service-draft-card.html |title=Donald John Trump's Selective Service Draft Card and Selective Service Classification Ledger |date=August 15, 2016 |website=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]] |access-date=September 23, 2019}} – via Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)</ref> In October 1968, he was medically deferred and classified {{nowrap|1-Y}} (unqualified for duty except in the case of a national emergency).<ref name="Whitlock21July">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/questions-linger-about-trumps-draft-deferments-during-vietnam-war/2015/07/21/257677bc-2fdd-11e5-8353-1215475949f4_story.html |title=Questions linger about Trump's draft deferments during Vietnam War |last=Whitlock |first=Craig |authorlink=Craig Whitlock |date=July 21, 2015 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=April 2, 2017|url-access=limited}}</ref> In 1972, he was reclassified {{nowrap|4-F}} due to bone spurs, which permanently disqualified him from service.<ref name="SE">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/02/us/politics/donald-trump-draft-record.html |title=Donald Trump's Draft Deferments: Four for College, One for Bad Feet |last1=Eder |first1=Steve |last2=Philipps |first2=Dave |author2link=David Philipps |date=August 1, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=August 2, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="emery">{{cite news |last=Emery |first=David |url=https://www.snopes.com/news/2016/08/02/donald-trumps-draft-deferments/ |title=Donald Trump's Draft Deferments |website=[[Snopes.com]] |date=August 2, 2016 |accessdate=October 16, 2018}}</ref> Trump said in 2015 that the medical deferment was due to a [[bone spur]] in a foot, though he could not remember which foot had been afflicted.<ref name="Whitlock21July"/>
=== Family ===
{{Main|Family of Donald Trump}}
{{Further|Trump family}}
[[File:Trump Family Hand Up.jpg|thumb|[[Inauguration of Donald Trump|Trump is sworn in]] as president by Chief Justice [[John Roberts]] on January 20, 2017: Trump, wife [[Melania Trump|Melania]], and his children [[Donald Trump Jr.|Donald Jr.]], [[Barron Trump|Barron]], [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]], [[Eric Trump|Eric]], and [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]].]]
Trump's father, Fred, was born in 1905 in [[the Bronx]]. He started working with his mother in real estate when he was 15. Their company, "E. Trump & Son", founded in 1923,<ref name="Blair1">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PmrwtRTQ3fMC&pg=PA120 |title=The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire |isbn=978-0-7432-1079-9 |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]]|location=New York City|date=December 4, 2001 |page=120}}</ref> was active in the [[Boroughs of New York City|New York boroughs]] of [[Queens]] and [[Brooklyn]], building and selling thousands of houses, barracks, and apartments.<ref name=dad>{{cite news |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |date=August 24, 2015 |title=The Man Who Made Trump Who He Is |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/the-man-who-made-trump-who-he-is-121647 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref> In spite of his [[German Americans|German ancestry]], Fred claimed to be Swedish amid the [[anti-German sentiment]] sparked by World War II; Trump repeated this claim until the 1990s.<ref name="CNN Swedish">{{cite news |title=Trump's family denied German heritage for years |first=Jennifer |last=Hansler |date=November 28, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/28/politics/trump-family-heritage/index.html}}</ref> Trump's mother Mary Anne MacLeod was born in Scotland.<ref name=Pilon>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump's Immigrant Mother |first=Mary |last=Pilon |authorlink=Mary Pilon |date=June 24, 2016 |work=[[The New Yorker]] |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/donald-trumps-immigrant-mother |accessdate=April 2, 2017}}</ref> Fred and Mary were married in 1936 and raised their family in Queens.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Ancestral German Home of the Trumps |first=Sally |last=McGrane |date=April 29, 2016 |work=[[The New Yorker]] |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-ancestral-german-home-of-the-trumps |accessdate=April 2, 2017}}</ref> Trump grew up with three elder siblings{{snd}}[[Maryanne Trump Barry|Maryanne]], Fred Jr., and Elizabeth{{snd}}and younger brother Robert.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=April 11, 2019 |first=Ashley |last=Collman |title=Meet Donald Trump's siblings, the oldest of whom just retired as a federal judge |accessdate=November 2, 2019 |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-sibling-bios-judge-sister-alcoholic-brother-retirees-2018-10}}</ref>
In 1977, Trump married [[Czechs|Czech]] model [[Ivana Zelníčková]].{{sfn|Blair|2015|p=300}} They have three children, [[Donald Trump Jr.|Donald Jr.]] (born 1977), [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] (born 1981), and [[Eric Trump|Eric]] (born 1984), and ten grandchildren.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nbcmontana.com/news/nation-world/lara-and-eric-trump-welcome-second-child |title=Lara and Eric Trump welcome second child |work=[[NBC Montana]] |date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=August 21, 2019}}</ref> Ivana became a naturalized United States citizen in 1988.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Lewiston Journal]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |via=Google News |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1899&dat=19880527&id=LiEgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YmYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5053,3823442 |title=Ivana Trump becomes U.S. citizen |date=May 27, 1988 |accessdate=August 21, 2015}}</ref> The couple divorced in 1992, following Trump's affair with actress [[Marla Maples]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/16/ivana-trump-write-memoir-about-raising-us-presidents-donald-children |title=Ivana Trump to write memoir about raising US president's children |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=March 16, 2017 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref> Maples and Trump married in 1993<ref>{{cite news |last=Capuzzo |first=Mike |title=Marla Finally Becomes Mrs. Trump It Was 'Paparazzi' Aplenty And Glitz Galore As The Couple Pledged Their Troth. |newspaper=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |date=December 21, 1993 |accessdate=June 20, 2019 |url=http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25940050_1_donald-trump-ivana-storybook-wedding |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119050108/http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25940050_1_donald-trump-ivana-storybook-wedding |archivedate=January 19, 2016}}</ref> and had one daughter, [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] (born 1993).<ref name=Slate07202016>{{cite news |last=Graham |first=Ruth |date=July 20, 2016 |title=Tiffany Trump's Sad, Vague Tribute to Her Distant Father |url=https://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2016/07/20/tiffany_trump_s_sad_vague_rnc_speech.html |newspaper=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref> They were divorced in 1999,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20723536,00.html |title=Marla Maples Still Loves Donald Trump |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |first=Sheila Cosgrove |last=Baylis |date=August 7, 2013 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref> and Tiffany was raised by Marla in California.<ref name=NYT-20161002>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/02/fashion/tiffany-the-other-trump.html |title=The Other Trump |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Alessandra |last=Stanley |authorlink=Alessandra Stanley |date=October 1, 2016 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref> In 2005, Trump married [[Slovenia]]n model [[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]].<ref name=Post52208>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A40186-2005Jan26.html |title=Donald Trump, Settling Down |work=[[The Washington Post]] |first=Tina |last=Brown |authorlink=Tina Brown |date=January 27, 2005 |accessdate=May 7, 2017}}</ref> They have one son, [[Barron Trump|Barron]] (born 2006).<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump Fast Facts |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/07/04/us/donald-trump-fast-facts/ |accessdate=March 10, 2015 |website=[[CNN]] |date=March 7, 2014}}</ref> Melania gained U.S. citizenship in 2006.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gunter |first=Joel |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43256318 |title=What is the Einstein visa? And how did Melania Trump get one? |date=March 2, 2018 |access-date=August 2, 2019 |website=BBC}}</ref>
=== Religion ===
Trump is a [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] and as a child was confirmed at the [[First Presbyterian Church in Jamaica|First Presbyterian Church]] in Jamaica, Queens.<ref name="BarronNYT">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/06/nyregion/donald-trump-marble-collegiate-church-norman-vincent-peale.html |title=Overlooked Influences on Donald Trump: A Famous Minister and His Church |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=James |last=Barron |authorlink=James Barron (journalist) |date=September 5, 2016 |accessdate=October 13, 2016}}</ref> In the 1970s, his parents joined the [[Marble Collegiate Church]] in Manhattan.<ref name="WaPo.March.18.17">{{cite news |last=Schwartzman |first=Paul |title=How Trump got religion – and why his legendary minister's son now rejects him |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/how-trump-got-religion--and-why-his-legendary-ministers-son-now-rejects-him/2016/01/21/37bae16e-bb02-11e5-829c-26ffb874a18d_story.html |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 21, 2016}}</ref> The pastor at Marble, [[Norman Vincent Peale]],<ref name="BarronNYT"/> ministered to Trump's family and mentored him until Peale's death in 1993.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA81 81]}}<ref name="WaPo.March.18.17" />
While campaigning, Trump referred to ''[[The Art of the Deal]]'' as his second favorite book saying, "Nothing beats the [[Bible]]."<ref name=Weigel11Aug>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/08/11/in-michigan-trump-attacks-china-critiques-auto-bailout-and-judges-bernie-sanders-weak/ |title=In Michigan, Trump attacks China, critiques auto bailout, and judges Bernie Sanders 'weak' |date=August 11, 2015 |accessdate=August 22, 2015 |first=David |last=Weigel |authorlink=David Weigel}}</ref> In November 2019, Trump appointed his personal pastor, controversial televangelist [[Paula White]], to the White House Office of Public Liaison.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 31, 2019 |first1=Jeremy W. |last1=Peters |author1link=Jeremy W. Peters |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman |title=Paula White, Trump's Personal Pastor, Joins the White House |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/paula-white-trump.html}}</ref>
=== Health and lifestyle ===
Trump [[teetotalism|abstains from alcohol]], a reaction to his older brother Fred Trump Jr.'s [[alcoholism]] and early death.<ref name="nytimesalc">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/03/us/politics/for-donald-trump-lessons-from-a-brothers-suffering.html |title=For Donald Trump, Lessons From a Brother's Suffering |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |last=Horowitz |first=Jason |date=January 2, 2016 |accessdate=July 24, 2016}}</ref> He stated that he has never smoked cigarettes or [[cannabis]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Part 2: Donald Trump on 'Watters' World' |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fN5OLqxNqc |accessdate=September 4, 2016 |work=Watters' World |publisher=[[Fox News]] |date=February 6, 2016 |quote=Watters: "Have you ever smoked weed?" Trump: "No, I have not. I have not. I would tell you one hundred percent because everyone else seems to admit it nowadays, so I would actually tell you. This is almost like, it's almost like 'Hey, it's a sign'. No, I have never. I have never smoked a cigarette, either."}}</ref> He likes [[fast food]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Parker |first=Ashley |authorlink=Ashley Parker |title=Donald Trump's Diet: He'll Have Fries With That |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/09/us/politics/donald-trump-diet.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=June 10, 2019 |date=August 8, 2016}}</ref> He has said he prefers three to four hours of sleep per night.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump is the poster child of sleep deprivation: Arianna Huffington |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/17/donald-trump-is-poster-child-of-sleep-deprivation-arianna-huffington.html |website=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=June 10, 2019 |date=January 17, 2017 |first1=Sam |last1=Meredith |first2=Tania |last2=Bryer |author2link=Tania Bryer}}</ref> He has called golfing his "primary form of exercise",<ref>{{cite tweet |user=realDonaldTrump |author-link=Donald Trump |number=1018068353305411584 |title=I have arrived in Scotland and will be at Trump Turnberry for two days of meetings, calls and hopefully, some golf – my primary form of exercise! The weather is beautiful, and this place is incredible! Tomorrow I go to Helsinki for a Monday meeting with Vladimir Putin. |date=July 14, 2018 |access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref> although he usually does not walk the course.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2018/07/14/donald-trump-exercise-golf-cart-turnberry-110166/ |title=Donald Trump says he gets most of his exercise from golf, then uses cart at Turnberry |work=Golf News Net |date=July 14, 2018 |access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref> He considers exercise a waste of energy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/07/politics/trump-health/index.html |title=Ahead of annual physical, Trump has not followed doctor's orders |website=[[CNN]] |first1=Jeremy |last1=Diamond |first2=Kevin |last2=Liptak |date=February 7, 2019 |quote=Nearly a dozen White House officials and sources close to Trump said they don't believe he's set foot in the fitness room in the White House residence, maintaining his view that exercise would be a waste of the energy he has always touted as one of his best attributes.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/trump-thinks-that-exercising-too-much-uses-up-the-bodys-finite-energy/2017/05/12/bb0b9bda-365d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html |title=Trump thinks that exercising too much uses up the body's finite energy |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 12, 2017 |quote=Trump mostly gave up athletics after college because he "believed the human body was like a battery, with a finite amount of energy, which exercise only depleted".}}</ref>
In December 2015, [[Harold Bornstein]], who had been Trump's personal physician since 1980, wrote in a letter that he would "be the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/dr-harold-bornstein-trump-wrote-health-letter_us_5ae8f5f7e4b06748dc8d591f |title=Trump's Doctor Says Trump Basically Wrote That Glowing Health Letter: Report |last=Herreria |first=Carla |date=May 1, 2018 |work=[[HuffPost]] |accessdate=October 10, 2018}}</ref> In May 2018, Bornstein said Trump himself had dictated the contents of the letter,<ref>{{cite news |first1=Alex |last1=Marquardt |first2=Lawrence III |last2=Crook |title=Bornstein claims Trump dictated the glowing health letter |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/harold-bornstein-trump-letter/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 1, 2018 |accessdate=May 20, 2018}}</ref> and that three Trump agents had removed his medical records in February 2017 without due authorization.<ref name="Schechter">{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351 |title=Trump doctor Harold Bornstein says bodyguard, lawyer 'raided' his office, took medical files |last=Schecter |first=Anna |date=May 1, 2018 |work=[[NBC News]] |accessdate=June 6, 2019}}</ref>
In January 2018, White House physician [[Ronny Jackson]] said Trump was in excellent health and that his cardiac assessment revealed no issues.<ref name=time-20180117>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/5105096/donald-trump-physical-exam-transcript/ |first=Jamie |last=Ducharme |title=The White House Doctor Called President Trump's Health 'Excellent'. Here's the Full Summary of His Physical Exam |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=January 17, 2018 |accessdate=January 18, 2018}}</ref> Several outside cardiologists commented that Trump's 2018 [[Low-density lipoprotein|LDL cholesterol]] level of 143 did not indicate excellent health.<ref name=nyt-20180117>{{cite news |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Gina |last2=Kolata |author2link=Gina Kolata |title=Trump's Physical Revealed Serious Heart Concerns, Outside Experts Say |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/17/us/politics/trump-physical-heart-health-cholesterol.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 17, 2018 |accessdate=June 3, 2018}}</ref> In February 2019, after a new examination, White House physician [[Sean Conley]] said Trump was in "very good health overall", although he was clinically [[obese]].<ref name="obese">{{cite news |last1=Howard |first1=Jacqueline |last2=Liptak |first2=Kevin |title=Trump in 'very good health overall' but obese, according to physical exam results |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/14/health/trump-physical-results-2019-bn/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=February 15, 2019 |date=February 14, 2019}}</ref> His 2019 [[coronary CT calcium scan]] score indicates he suffers from a form of [[coronary artery disease]] common for white men of his age.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Sanjay |title=President Trump has a common form of heart disease |date=February 1, 2018 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/17/health/trump-heart-disease-gupta/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=June 10, 2019}}</ref>
=== Wealth ===
{{Main|Wealth of Donald Trump}}
{{See also|Tax returns of Donald Trump}}
In 1982, Trump was listed on the initial ''[[Forbes]]'' list of wealthy individuals as having a share of his family's estimated $200 million net worth. His financial losses in the 1980s caused him to be dropped from the list between 1990 and 1995.<ref name=OBrien2005Oct>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/23/business/yourmoney/whats-he-really-worth.html |title=What's He Really Worth? |first=Timothy L. |last=O'Brien |authorlink=Timothy L. O'Brien |accessdate=February 25, 2016 |date=October 23, 2005 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In its 2019 [[billionaire]]s ranking, ''Forbes'' estimated Trump's net worth at $3.1 billion<!-- DO NOT CHANGE without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 5. -->{{efn|name=Wealth|This estimate is by ''Forbes'' in their annual ranking. [[Bloomberg Billionaires Index]] listed Trump's net worth as $2.97 billion in June 2019,<ref name="BBI">{{cite news |title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index–Donald Trump |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/donald-j-trump/ |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 19, 2019}}</ref> and Wealth-X listed it as at least $3.2 billion in April 2019.<ref name="WX">{{cite web |title=Donald John Trump–Wealth-X Dossier |url=https://www.wealthx.com/dossier/donald-john-trump/ |website=Wealth-X |access-date=May 9, 2019 |archivedate=April 18, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418084832/https://www.wealthx.com/dossier/donald-john-trump/}}</ref>}} (715th in the world, 259th in the U.S.)<ref name="forbes-2019-billionaires">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/donald-trump/?list=billionaires |title=#715 Donald Trump |magazine=[[Forbes]] |year=2019 |accessdate=March 5, 2019}}</ref> making him one of the [[List of richest American politicians|richest politicians in American history]] and the first billionaire American president.<ref name="forbes-2019-billionaires"/> During the three years since Trump announced his presidential run in 2015, Forbes estimated his net worth declined 31% and his ranking fell 138 spots.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-forbes-wealthiest-people-in-the-us-list-2018-10 |title=Trump has fallen 138 spots on Forbes' wealthiest-Americans list, his net worth down over $1 billion, since he announced his presidential bid in 2015 |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=October 3, 2018 |first=John |last=Walsh |accessdate=October 3, 2018}}</ref> When he filed mandatory financial disclosure forms with the [[Federal Elections Commission]] (FEC) in July 2015, Trump claimed a net worth of about $10 billion;<ref name="financial-pr">{{cite web |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/images/uploads/DJT_PFD_Statement_(1).pdf |title=Donald J. Trump Files Personal Financial Disclosure Statement With Federal Election Commission |first1=Corey R. |last1=Lewandowski |author1link=Corey Lewandowski |first2=Hope |last2=Hicks |author2link=Hope Hicks |date=July 15, 2015 |accessdate=March 8, 2016 |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309043101/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/images/uploads/DJT_PFD_Statement_%281%29.pdf}}</ref> however FEC figures cannot corroborate this estimate because they only show each of his largest buildings as being worth over $50 million, yielding total assets worth more than $1.4 billion and debt over $265 million.<ref name="Yahoo News FEC"/> Trump said in a 2007 deposition, "My net worth fluctuates, and it goes up and down with markets and with attitudes and with feelings, even my own feelings."<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 10, 2016 |first1=David A. |last1=Fahrenthold |author1link=David Fahrenthold |first2=Robert Jr. |last2=O'Harrow |title=Trump: A True Story |accessdate=October 14, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/2016-election/trump-lies/}}</ref>
[[File:Ivana Trump shakes hands with Fahd of Saudi Arabia.jpg|thumb|Trump with King [[Fahd of Saudi Arabia]], U.S. president [[Ronald Reagan]], and his first wife [[Ivana Trump]] in 1985]]
Journalist Jonathan Greenberg reported in April 2018 that Trump, using a pseudonym "[[Pseudonyms of Donald Trump|John Barron]]", called him in 1984 to falsely assert that he owned "in excess of ninety percent" of the Trump family's business, in an effort to secure a higher ranking on the [[Forbes 400]] list of wealthy Americans. Greenberg also wrote that ''Forbes'' had vastly overestimated Trump's wealth and wrongly included him on the Forbes 400 rankings of 1982, 1983, and 1984.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 20, 2018 |first=Jonathan |last=Greenberg |title=Trump lied to me about his wealth to get onto the Forbes 400. Here are the tapes. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/trump-lied-to-me-about-his-wealth-to-get-onto-the-forbes-400-here-are-the-tapes/2018/04/20/ac762b08-4287-11e8-8569-26fda6b404c7_story.html}}</ref>
Trump has often said he began his career with "a small loan of one million dollars" from his father, and that he had to pay it back with interest.<ref name="small-loan">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/26/donald-trump-my-dad-gave-me-a-small-loan-of-1-million-to-get-started.html |title=Donald Trump: My dad gave me 'a small loan' of $1 million to get started |website=[[CNBC]] |first=Scott |last=Stump |date=October 26, 2015 |accessdate=November 13, 2016}}</ref> In October 2018, ''The New York Times'' reported that Trump "was a millionaire by age 8", borrowed at least $60 million from his father, largely failed to reimburse him, and had received $413 million (adjusted for inflation) from his father's business empire over his lifetime.<ref name="takeaways">{{cite news |last1=Barstow |first1=David |author1link=David Barstow |last2=Craig |first2=Susanne |author2link=Susanne Craig |last3=Buettner |first3=Russ |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-wealth-fred-trump.html |title=11 Takeaways From The Times's Investigation Into Trump's Wealth |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 2, 2018 |accessdate=October 3, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Tax_Schemes">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html |title=Trump Engaged in Suspect Tax Schemes as He Reaped Riches From His Father |work=[[The New York Times]] |last1=Barstow |first1=David |author1link=David Barstow |last2=Craig |first2=Susanne |author2link=Susanne Craig |last3=Buettner |first3=Russ |date=October 2, 2018 |accessdate=October 2, 2018}}</ref> According to the report, Trump and his family committed tax fraud, which a lawyer for Trump denied. The tax department of New York says it is "vigorously pursuing all appropriate avenues of investigation" into it.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[USA Today]] |first1=Jon |last1=Campbell |first2=Joseph |last2=Spector |title=New York could levy hefty penalties if Trump tax fraud is proven |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/10/03/new-york-trump-tax-fraud/1512265002/ |date=October 3, 2018 |accessdate=October 5, 2018}}</ref><ref name="AP2018-12-16"/> Analyses by ''[[The Economist]]'' and ''The Washington Post'' have concluded that Trump's investments underperformed the stock market.<ref name="econ_From">{{cite news |title=From the Tower to the White House |work=[[The Economist]] |date=February 20, 2016 |accessdate=February 29, 2016 |url=https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21693230-enigma-presidential-candidates-business-affairs-tower-white |quote=Mr Trump's performance has been mediocre compared with the stockmarket and property in New York.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Ana |last=Swanson |title=The myth and the reality of Donald Trump's business empire |date=February 29, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/02/29/the-myth-and-the-reality-of-donald-trumps-business-empire/}}</ref> Forbes estimated in October 2018 that the value of Trump's personal brand licensing business had declined by 88% since 2015, to $3 million.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/02/trump-forbes-400-spot-tumbles-as-net-worth-declines.html |title=Trump tumbles down the Forbes 400 as his net worth takes major hit |first=Kevin |last=Breuninger |date=October 2, 2018 |website=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=January 4, 2019}}</ref>
Trump's tax returns from 1985 to 1994 show net losses totaling $1.17 billion over the ten-year period, in contrast to his claims about his financial health and business abilities. ''The New York Times'' reported that "year after year, Mr. Trump appears to have lost more money than nearly any other individual American taxpayer", and Trump's "core business losses in 1990 and 1991{{snd}}more than $250 million each year{{snd}}were more than double those of the nearest taxpayers in the I.R.S. information for those years". In 1995 his reported losses were $915.7 million.<ref name=Buettner-190508>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Decade in the Red: Trump Tax Figures Show Over $1 Billion in Business Losses |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 8, 2019 |accessdate=May 8, 2019 |first=Russ |last=Buettner |first2=Susanne |last2=Craig |author2link=Susanne Craig}}</ref><ref name=Friedersdorf-190508>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/05/trump-taxes/588967/ |title=The Secret That Was Hiding in Trump's Taxes |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=May 8, 2019 |accessdate=May 8, 2019 |first=Conor |last=Friedersdorf |authorlink=Conor Friedersdorf}}</ref>
== Business career ==
{{Main|Business career of Donald Trump}}
{{Further|Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia}}
=== Real estate ===
[[File:Trump Tower - lower part.jpg|thumb|upright|Distinctive façade of [[Trump Tower]], headquarters of the Trump Organization, in [[Midtown Manhattan]]]]
Trump began his career in 1968 at his father Fred's real estate development company, E. Trump & Son, which owned middle-class rental housing in New York City's outer boroughs.{{sfn|Trump|Schwartz|2009|p=46}}<ref name=Mahler /> In 1971, he was named president of the family company and renamed it [[The Trump Organization]].{{sfn|Blair|2015b|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA250 250]}}
==== Manhattan developments ====
Trump attracted public attention in 1978 with the launch of his family's first Manhattan venture, the renovation of the derelict [[Grand Hyatt New York|Commodore Hotel]], adjacent to [[Grand Central Terminal]]. The financing was facilitated by a $400 million city property tax abatement arranged by Fred Trump,<ref>{{cite news |first=Frank |last=Rich |authorlink=Frank Rich |title=The Original Donald Trump |url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/04/frank-rich-roy-cohn-the-original-donald-trump.html |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |date=April 29, 2018 |accessdate=May 8, 2018}}</ref> who also joined Hyatt in guaranteeing $70 million in bank construction financing.<ref name="Kessler160303">{{cite news |first=Glenn |last=Kessler |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |title=Trump's false claim he built his empire with a 'small loan' from his father |date=March 3, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father}}</ref>{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA84 84]}} The hotel reopened in 1980 as the [[Grand Hyatt New York|Grand Hyatt Hotel]],{{sfn|Wooten|2009|pp=32–35}} and that same year, Trump obtained rights to develop [[Trump Tower]], a [[Mixed-use development|mixed-use]] skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Expanding Empire of Donald Trump |date=April 8, 1984 |first=William |last=Geist |authorlink=Bill Geist |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/08/magazine/the-expanding-empire-of-donald-trump.html}}</ref> The building houses the headquarters of the Trump Organization and was Trump's primary residence until 2019.<ref name="TrumpTowerResidence1">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/09/nyregion/donald-trump-new-york-protests.html |title=Donald Trump Loves New York. But It Doesn't Love Him Back. |first=Alexander |last=Burns |authorlink=Alex Burns (journalist) |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 9, 2016 |accessdate=December 9, 2016}}</ref><ref name=moved>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html |title=Trump, Lifelong New Yorker, Declares Himself a Resident of Florida |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |last=Haberman |first=Maggie |authorlink=Maggie Haberman |date=October 31, 2019 |accessdate=January 24, 2020}}</ref>
In 1988, Trump acquired the [[Plaza Hotel]] in Manhattan with a loan of $425 million from a consortium of banks. Two years later, the hotel filed for bankruptcy protection, and a reorganization plan was approved in 1992.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's Plaza Hotel bankruptcy plan approved |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 12, 1992 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html |agency=[[Reuters]] |accessdate=July 18, 2019}}</ref> In 1995, Trump lost the hotel to Citibank and investors from Singapore and Saudi Arabia, who assumed $300 million of the debt.<ref name="NYT-19950412">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html |title=Trump Is Selling Plaza Hotel To Saudi and Asian Investors |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first1=David |last1=Stout |author1link=David Stout |first2=Kenneth |last2=Gilpin |date=April 12, 1995 |accessdate=July 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Satow |first=Julie |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-05-23/that-time-trump-sold-the-plaza-hotel-at-an-83-million-loss |title=That Time Trump Sold the Plaza Hotel at an $83 Million Loss |website=Bloomberg |date=May 23, 2019 |accessdate=July 18, 2019}}</ref>
In 1996, Trump acquired a vacant 71-story skyscraper at [[40 Wall Street]]. After an extensive renovation, the high-rise was renamed the Trump Building.{{sfn|Wooten|2009|pp=81–82}} In the early 1990s, Trump won the right to develop a {{convert|70|acre|ha|adj=on}} tract in the [[Lincoln Square, Manhattan|Lincoln Square]] neighborhood near the [[Hudson River]]. Struggling with debt from other ventures in 1994, Trump sold most of his interest in the project to Asian investors who were able to finance completion of the project, [[Riverside South, Manhattan|Riverside South]]. Trump temporarily retained a partial stake in an adjacent site along with other investors.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/01/nyregion/trump-group-selling-west-side-parcel-for-1.8-billion.html |title=Trump Group Selling West Side Parcel for $1.8 billion |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 1, 2005 |accessdate=May 17, 2016}}</ref>
==== Palm Beach estate ====
{{Main|Mar-a-Lago}}
[[File:Mar-a-lago in 2009.jpg|thumb|Mar-a-Lago in 2009]]
In 1985, Trump acquired the [[Mar-a-Lago]] estate in [[Palm Beach, Florida]].<ref name="CP-W">{{cite news |last=Peterson-Withorn |first=Chase |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2018/04/23/donald-trump-has-gained-more-than-100-million-on-mar-a-lago/#2fbdf3da5adc |title=Donald Trump Has Gained More Than $100 Million On Mar-a-Lago |work=[[Forbes]] |date=April 23, 2018 |accessdate=July 4, 2018}}</ref> Trump used a wing of the estate as a home, while converting the remainder into a private club with an initiation fee and annual dues.<ref name="town&countryprice">{{cite web |url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/home-decor/a7144/mar-a-lago-history/ |title=A History of Mar-a-Lago, Donald Trump's American Castle |last=Dangremond |first=Sam |date=December 22, 2017 |website=[[Town & Country (magazine)|Town & Country]] |accessdate=July 3, 2018}}</ref> The initiation fee was $100,000 until 2016; it was doubled to $200,000 in January 2017.<ref name="samD10-9-17">{{cite web |last=Dangremond |first=Sam |url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/a9606/mar-a-lago-facts/ |title=Here's What We Know About the Membership of Mar-a-Lago |website=[[Town & Country (magazine)|Town & Country]] |date=October 9, 2017 |accessdate=July 4, 2018}}</ref> On September 27, 2019, Trump declared Mar-a-Lago his primary residence.<ref name = moved/>
==== Atlantic City casinos ====
In 1984, Trump opened [[Harrah's at Trump Plaza]] hotel and casino in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]] with financing from the [[Holiday Corporation]], who also managed the operation. Gambling had been legalized there in 1977 in an effort to revitalize the once-popular seaside destination.{{sfn|Wooten|2009|pp=57–58}} Soon after it opened the casino was renamed "Trump Plaza", but the property's poor financial results worsened tensions between Holiday and Trump, who paid Holiday $70 million in May 1986 to take sole control of the property.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA128 128]}} Earlier, Trump had also acquired a partially completed building in Atlantic City from the [[Hilton Worldwide|Hilton Corporation]] for $320 million. Upon its completion in 1985, that hotel and casino was called [[Golden Nugget Atlantic City|Trump Castle]]. Trump's then-wife [[Ivana Trump|Ivana]] managed it until 1988.{{sfn|Wooten|2009|pp=59–60}}{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA137 137]}}
[[File:Trump Taj Mahal, 2007.jpg|thumb|alt=The entrance of the Trump Taj Mahal, a casino in Atlantic City. It has motifs evocative of the Taj Mahal in India.|Entrance of the [[Trump Taj Mahal]] in [[Atlantic City]]]]
Trump acquired a third casino in Atlantic City, the [[Taj Mahal casino|Taj Mahal]], in 1988 in a highly leveraged transaction.<ref>{{cite news |title=Seven Acquisitive Executives Who Made Business News in 1988: Donald Trump–Trump Organization; The Artist of the Deal Turns Sour into Sweet |last=Cuff |first=Daniel |date=December 18, 1988 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/27/business/seven-acquisitive-executives-who-made-business-1988-donald-trump-trump.html |accessdate=May 27, 2011 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> It was financed with $675 million in [[junk bonds]] and completed at a cost of $1.1 billion, opening in April 1990.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/08/business/trump-s-taj-open-at-last-with-a-scary-appetite.html |title=Trump's Taj – Open at Last, With a Scary Appetite |date=April 8, 1990 |last=Glynn |first=Lenny |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=August 14, 2016}}</ref><ref name=UPI9April>{{cite news |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/04/09/Trump-reaches-agreement-with-bondholders-on-Taj-Mahal/7261671169600/ |title=Trump reaches agreement with bondholders on Taj Mahal |website=[[United Press International]] |date=April 9, 1991 |accessdate=March 21, 2016}}</ref>{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA135 135]}} The project went bankrupt the following year,<ref name = UPI9April/> and the reorganization left Trump with only half his initial ownership stake and required him to pledge personal guarantees of future performance.<ref name="NYTimes">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/05/business/company-news-taj-mahal-is-out-of-bankruptcy.html |title=Taj Mahal is out of Bankruptcy |accessdate=May 22, 2008 |date=October 5, 1991}}</ref> Facing "enormous debt", he gave up control of his money-losing airline, [[Trump Shuttle]], and sold his {{convert|282|ft|m|adj=mid}} mega yacht, the ''[[Trump Princess]]'', which had been indefinitely docked in Atlantic City while leased to his casinos for use by wealthy gamblers.<ref name=Hylton>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/11/business/trump-is-reportedly-selling-yacht.html |title=Trump Is Reportedly Selling Yacht |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 11, 1990 |accessdate=July 3, 2018 |last=Hylton |first=Richard}}</ref>{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA132 132–133]}}
In 1995, Trump founded [[Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts]] (THCR), which assumed ownership of Trump Plaza, Trump Castle, and the [[Majestic Star II|Trump Casino]] in [[Gary, Indiana]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Plaza casino stock trades today on Big Board |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Floyd |last=Norris |authorlink=Floyd Norris |date=June 7, 1995 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/07/business/trump-plaza-casino-stock-trades-today-on-big-board.html |accessdate=December 14, 2014}}</ref> THCR purchased the Taj Mahal in 1996 and underwent successive bankruptcies in 2004, 2009, and 2014, leaving Trump with only ten percent ownership.<ref name=McQuade16Aug>{{cite news |url=https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ |title=The Truth About the Rise and Fall of Donald Trump's Atlantic City Empire |work=[[Philadelphia (magazine)|Philadelphia]] |date=August 16, 2015 |accessdate=March 21, 2016 |first=Dan |last=McQuade}}</ref> He remained chairman of THCR until 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2016/03/10/trump-hotel-casinos-pay-failure/ |title=How Donald Trump Made Millions Off His Biggest Business Failure |last=Tully |first=Shawn |date=March 10, 2016 |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |accessdate=May 6, 2018}}</ref>
==== Golf courses ====
{{Main|Donald Trump and golf}}
[[File:Trump Turnberry Hotel - geograph.org.uk - 5273443.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A golf course. In the background is the Turnberry Hotel, a two-story hotel with white façade and a red roof.|[[Turnberry Hotel]] and golf course in [[Ayrshire]], Scotland]]
The Trump Organization began acquiring and constructing golf courses in 1999.<ref name=CNNMoney>{{cite news |last=Garcia |first=Ahiza |title=Trump's 17 golf courses teed up: Everything you need to know |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/12/29/news/donald-trump-golf-courses/index.html |accessdate=January 21, 2018 |website=[[CNN Money]] |date=December 29, 2016}}</ref> It owned 16 golf courses and resorts worldwide and operated another two {{as of|lc=y|December 2016}}. According to Trump's FEC personal financial disclosure, his 2015 golf and resort revenue amounted to $382 million.<ref name="cnn-20160519">{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/05/18/news/trump-finances/ |title=A peek at Donald Trump's finances |first1=Cristina |last1=Alesci |author1link=Cristina Alesci |first2=Laurie |last2=Frankel |first3=Jeanne |last3=Sahadi |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 19, 2016 |accessdate=May 20, 2016}}</ref>
From his inauguration until the end of 2019, Trump spent around one out of every five days at one of his golf clubs.<ref>{{cite news |first=Betsy |last=Klein |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/12/31/politics/trump-golfing-vacation/index.html|title=Trump spent 1 of every 5 days in 2019 at a golf club|website=[[CNN]] |date=December 31, 2019|access-date=February 22, 2020}}</ref>
=== Branding and licensing ===
{{See also|List of things named after Donald Trump}}
[[File:Chicago September 2016-2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)|Trump International Hotel and Tower]] in Chicago]]
After the Trump Organization's financial losses in the early 1990s, it refocused its business on branding and licensing the Trump name for building projects that are owned and operated by other people and companies.<ref name="NYer Branding">{{cite web |last1=Cassidy |first1=John |title=Donald Trump's Business Failures Were Very Real |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/donald-trumps-business-failures-were-very-real |newspaper=[[The New Yorker]] |date=May 10, 2019|accessdate=November 9, 2019 |ref=May 20, 2019}}</ref> In the late 2000s and early 2010s, it expanded this branding and management business to [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (disambiguation)|hotel towers]] to locations around the world, including [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)|Chicago]]; [[Trump International Hotel Las Vegas|Las Vegas]]; [[Old Post Office Pavilion|Washington, D.C.]]; [[Trump Ocean Club International Hotel and Tower|Panama City]]; [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Toronto)|Toronto]]; and [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Vancouver)|Vancouver]]. There were also Trump-branded buildings in Dubai, [[Trump International Hotel and Tower (Honolulu)|Honolulu]], [[Trump Towers Istanbul|Istanbul]], Manila, Mumbai, and Indonesia.<ref name="Forbes-20170320">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferwang/2017/03/20/these-foreign-businessmen-are-paying-donald-trump-the-most-money/ |title=From Manila to Hawaii, Meet The Licensing Partners Who Paid Trump The Most |work=[[Forbes]] |first=Jennifer |last=Wang |date=March 20, 2017 |accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref>
The Trump name has also been licensed for various consumer products and services, including foodstuffs, apparel, adult learning courses, and home furnishings.<ref name="overseas">{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Michelle Ye Hee |title=How many Trump products were made overseas? Here's the complete list. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/26/how-many-trump-products-were-made-overseas-heres-the-complete-list/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 26, 2016 |access-date=May 17, 2019}}</ref><ref name="neckties">{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 13, 2018 |first1=Zane |last1=Anthony |first2=Kathryn |last2=Sanders |first3=David A. |last3=Fahrenthold |author3link=David Fahrenthold |title=Whatever happened to Trump neckties? They're over. So is most of Trump's merchandising empire. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html}}</ref> According to an analysis by ''The Washington Post'', there are more than fifty licensing or management deals involving Trump's name, which have generated at least $59 million in yearly revenue for his companies.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Aaron |last1=Williams |first2=Anu |last2=Narayanswamy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/world/trump-worldwide-licensing/ |title=How Trump has made millions by selling his name |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 25, 2017 |accessdate=December 12, 2017}}</ref> By 2018 only two consumer goods companies continued to license his name.<ref name="neckties"/>
=== Lawsuits and bankruptcies ===
{{Main|Legal affairs of Donald Trump|List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump}}
{{As of|April 2018}}, Trump and his businesses had been involved in more than 4,000 state and federal legal actions, according to a running tally by ''[[USA Today]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dive into Donald Trump's thousands of lawsuits |url=https://www.usatoday.com/pages/interactives/trump-lawsuits/ |accessdate=April 17, 2018 |work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> {{As of|2016}}, he or one of his companies had been the plaintiff in 1,900 cases and the defendant in 1,450.<ref name="USATodayAnalysis">{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Trump's 3,500 lawsuits unprecedented for a presidential nominee |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/06/01/donald-trump-lawsuits-legal-battles/84995854/ |accessdate=June 2, 2016 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=June 2, 2016 |first1=Nick |last1=Penzenstadler |first2=Susan |last2=Page |author2link=Susan Page |quote=About 100 additional disputes centered on other issues at the casinos. Trump and his enterprises have been named in almost 700 personal-injury claims and about 165 court disputes with government agencies ... Due to his branding value, Trump is determined to defend his name and reputation.}}</ref>
While Trump has not filed for [[personal bankruptcy]], his over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York filed for [[Chapter 11 bankruptcy]] protection six times between 1991 and 2009.<ref name="CO">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ |first=Clare |last=O'Connor |title=Fourth Time's A Charm: How Donald Trump Made Bankruptcy Work For Him |work=[[Forbes]] |date=April 29, 2011 |accessdate=February 19, 2015}}</ref><ref name="TW">{{cite news |last=Winter|first=Tom|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-bankruptcy-math-doesn-t-add-n598376|title=4Trump Bankruptcy Math Doesn't Add Up|work=[[NBC]] |date=June 24, 2016 |accessdate=February 26, 2020}}</ref> They continued to operate while the banks restructured debt and reduced Trump's shares in the properties.<ref name="CO"/><ref name="TW"/>
During the 1980s, more than 70 banks had lent Trump $4 billion,<ref name="ArtOfTheSpin">{{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |date=July 17, 2016 |first=Emily |last=Flitter |title=Art of the spin: Trump bankers question his portrayal of financial comeback |accessdate=October 14, 2018 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-trump-bankruptcies-insig/art-of-the-spin-trump-bankers-question-his-portrayal-of-financial-comeback-idUSKCN0ZX0GP}}</ref> but in the aftermath of his corporate bankruptcies of the early 1990s, most major banks declined to lend to him, with only [[Deutsche Bank]] still willing to lend money.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=December 8, 2017 |first=Allan |last=Smith |title=Trump's long and winding history with Deutsche Bank could now be at the center of Robert Mueller's investigation |accessdate=October 14, 2018 |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12}}</ref>
In April 2019, the [[House Oversight Committee]] issued [[subpoena]]s seeking financial details from Trump's banks, Deutsche Bank and [[Capital One]], and his accounting firm, [[Mazars USA]]. In response, Trump sued the banks, Mazars, and committee chairman [[Elijah Cummings]] to prevent the disclosures.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump sues Deutsche Bank and Capital One over Democrat subpoenas |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48102647 |work=BBC News |date=April 30, 2019 |accessdate=May 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=April 22, 2019 |last1=Fahrenthold |first1=David |author1link=David Fahrenthold |last2=Bade |first2=Rachael |last3=Wagner |first3=John |title=Trump sues in bid to block congressional subpoena of financial records |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-sues-in-bid-to-block-congressional-subpoena-of-financial-records/2019/04/22/a98de3d0-6500-11e9-82ba-fcfeff232e8f_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=May 1, 2019}}</ref> In May, [[United States District Court for the District of Columbia|DC District Court]] judge [[Amit Mehta]] ruled that Mazars must comply with the subpoena,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/20/us/politics/trump-financial-records.html |title=Accountants Must Turn Over Trump's Financial Records, Lower-Court Judge Rules |first=Charlie |last=Savage |authorlink=Charlie Savage |date=May 20, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> and judge [[Edgardo Ramos]] of the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|Southern District Court of New York]] ruled that the banks must also comply.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/judge-rejects-trumps-request-to-halt-congressional-subpoenas-for-his-banking-records/2019/05/22/28f9b93a-7ccd-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html |title=Judge rejects Trump's request to halt congressional subpoenas for his banking records |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 22, 2019 |first1=Renae |last1=Merle |first2=Michael |last2=Kranish |author2link=Michael Kranish |first3=Felicia |last3=Sonmez}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/22/business/deutsche-bank-trump-subpoena.html |title=Deutsche Bank Can Release Trump Records to Congress, Judge Rules |first=Emily |last=Flitter |date=May 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Trump's attorneys appealed the rulings,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/trump-subpoena-appeal-merrick-garland-court-1431543 |title=Trump's appeal to keep finances away from Democrats goes to court headed by Merrick Garland |date=May 21, 2019 |website=[[Newsweek]] |first=Alexandra |last=Hutzler}}</ref> arguing that Congress was attempting to usurp the "exercise of law-enforcement authority that the Constitution reserves to the executive branch".<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Lawfare (blog)|Lawfare]] |date=June 10, 2019 |first=Mikhaila |last=Vogel |title=Trump Legal Team Files Brief in Mazars Appeal |accessdate=June 12, 2019 |url=https://www.lawfareblog.com/trump-legal-team-files-brief-mazars-appeal}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 28, 2019 |first=Renae |last=Merle |title=House subpoenas for Trump's bank records put on hold while President appeals |accessdate=May 28, 2019 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/05/29/house-subpoenas-trumps-bank-records-put-hold-while-president-appeals/}}</ref>
=== Side ventures ===
After taking over control of the Trump Organization in 1971, Trump expanded its real estate operations and ventured into other business activities. The company eventually became the umbrella organization for several hundred individual business ventures and partnerships.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33644498 |title=Five take-aways from Donald Trump's financial disclosure |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=July 23, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Anthony |last=Zurcher}}</ref>
In September 1983, Trump purchased the [[New Jersey Generals]], a team in the [[United States Football League]]. After the 1985 season, the league folded largely due to Trump's strategy of moving games to a fall schedule where they competed with the [[NFL]] for audience, and trying to force a merger with the NFL by bringing an antitrust lawsuit against the organization.<ref name=Markazi>{{cite news |first=Arash |last=Markazi |authorlink=Arash Markazi |title=5 things to know about Donald Trump's foray into doomed USFL |date=July 14, 2015 |website=[[ESPN]] |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/13255737/five-things-know-donald-trump-usfl-experience}}</ref><ref name=Morris>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2017/09/24/donald-trump-nfl-usfl/ |title=Donald Trump Fought the NFL Once Before. He Got Crushed |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=September 24, 2017 |accessdate=June 22, 2018 |last=Morris |first=David}}</ref>
Trump's businesses have hosted several boxing matches at the [[Boardwalk Hall|Atlantic City Convention Hall]] adjacent to and promoted as taking place at the Trump Plaza in Atlantic City, including [[Mike Tyson vs. Michael Spinks|Mike Tyson's 1988 heavyweight championship fight]] against [[Michael Spinks]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/25/sports/trump-gets-tyson-fight.html |title=Trump Gets Tyson Fight |accessdate=February 11, 2011 |date=February 25, 1988 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>{{sfn|O'Donnell|Rutherford|1991|p=137}} In 1989 and 1990, Trump lent his name to the [[Tour de Trump]] cycling stage race, which was an attempt to create an American equivalent of European races such as the [[Tour de France]] or the [[Giro d'Italia]].<ref name=Hogan>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/04/donald-trump-2016-tour-de-trump-bike-race-213801 |title=The Strange Tale of Donald Trump's 1989 Biking Extravaganza |first=Kevin |last=Hogan |work=[[Politico]] |date=April 10, 2016 |accessdate=April 12, 2016}}</ref>
In the late 1980s, Trump mimicked the actions of Wall Street's so-called [[corporate raider]]s, whose tactics had attracted wide public attention. Trump began to purchase significant blocks of shares in various public companies, leading some observers to think that he was engaged in the practice called [[greenmail]], or feigning the intent to acquire the companies and then pressuring management to repurchase the buyer's stake at a premium. ''The New York Times'' found that Trump initially made millions of dollars in such stock transactions, but later "lost most, if not all, of those gains after investors stopped taking his takeover talk seriously."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Decade in the Red: Trump Tax Figures Show Over $1 Billion in Business Losses |first1=Russ |last1=Buettner |first2=Susanne |last2=Craig |date=May 8, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/06/business/american-air-gets-trump-bid-of-7.5-billion.html |title=American Air Gets Trump Bid Of $7.5 Billion |first=Agis |last=Salpukas |date=October 6, 1989 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/23/nyregion/trump-ends-his-struggle-to-gain-control-of-bally.html |title=Trump Ends His Struggle to Gain Control of Bally |first=Donald |last=Janson |date=February 23, 1987 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
[[File:Donald Trump star Hollywood Walk of Fame.JPG|thumb|upright=0.6|Trump's star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]]]
In 1988, Trump purchased the defunct [[Eastern Air Lines]] shuttle, with 21 planes and landing rights in New York City, Boston, and Washington, D.C. He financed the purchase with $380 million from 22 banks, rebranded the operation the [[Trump Shuttle]], and operated it until 1992. Trump failed to earn a profit with the airline and sold it to [[USAir]].<ref name="plane_rumour">{{cite news |last=Kessler |first=Glenn |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/11/too-good-to-check-sean-hannitys-tale-of-a-trump-rescue/ |title=Too good to check: Sean Hannity's tale of a Trump rescue |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 11, 2016 |accessdate=March 14, 2019}}</ref>
From 1996 to 2015, Trump owned part of or all the [[Miss Universe]] pageants, including [[Miss USA]] and [[Miss Teen USA]].<ref name="pageantsaleWME">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/15/business/media/trump-sells-miss-universe-organization-to-wme-img-talent-agency.html |title=Trump Sells Miss Universe Organization to WME-IMG Talent Agency |date=September 15, 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 9, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-sells-miss-universe-img-2015-9 |title=Donald Trump just sold off the entire Miss Universe Organization |date=September 14, 2015 |work=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=May 6, 2016}}</ref> Due to disagreements with [[CBS]] about scheduling, he took both pageants to [[NBC]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/22/business/three-beauty-pageants-leaving-cbs-for-nbc.html |title=Three Beauty Pageants Leaving CBS for NBC |date=June 22, 2002 |first=Jim |last=Rutenberg |authorlink=Jim Rutenberg |accessdate=August 14, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2002/06/22/there-she-goes-pageants-move-to-nbc/2ba81b9a-bf67-4f3e-b8d6-1c2cc881ed19/ |title=There She Goes: Pageants Move to NBC |date=June 22, 2002 |first=Lisa |last=De Moraes |authorlink=Lisa de Moraes |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=August 14, 2016}}</ref> In 2007, Trump received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] for his work as producer of Miss Universe.<ref name="cz160129">{{cite news |last=Zara |first=Christopher |authorlink=Christopher Zara |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think |title=Why the heck does Donald Trump have a Walk of Fame star, anyway? It's not the reason you think |work=[[Fast Company (magazine)|Fast Company]] |date=October 29, 2016 |accessdate=June 16, 2018}}</ref> After [[NBC]] and [[Univision]] dropped the pageants from their broadcasting lineups in June 2015,<ref name="mp">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/tv/2015/06/29/nbc-dumps-trump/29471971/ |title=NBC to Donald Trump: You're fired |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |first=Maria |last=Puente |date=July 1, 2015 |access-date=July 28, 2015}}</ref> Trump bought NBC's share of the Miss Universe Organization and sold the entire company to [[Endeavor (company)|the William Morris talent agency]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Jethro |last=Nededog |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/15/business/media/trump-sells-miss-universe-organization-to-wme-img-talent-agency.html |title=Trump Sells Miss Universe Organization to WME-IMG Talent Agency |date=September 15, 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=February 5, 2016}}</ref>
==== Trump University ====
{{Main|Trump University}}
In 2004, Trump co-founded a company called [[Trump University]] that sold real estate training courses priced at between $1,500 and $35,000.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gitell |first=Seth |date=March 8, 2016 |title=I Survived Trump University |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/03/i-survived-trump-university-213710 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |accessdate=March 18, 2016}}</ref><ref name=vf>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2014/01/trump-university-fraud-scandal |title=Big Hair on Campus: Did Donald Trump Defraud Thousands of Real Estate Students? |last=Cohan |first=William D. |authorlink=William D. Cohan |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |accessdate=March 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name=nyt511>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |authorlink=Michael Barbaro |title=New York Attorney General Is Investigating Trump's For-Profit School |date=May 19, 2011 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/nyregion/trumps-for-profit-school-said-to-be-under-investigation.html}}</ref> After New York State authorities twice notified the company that its use of the word "university" violated state law, its name was changed to the "Trump Entrepreneurial Institute" in 2010.<ref name="AppealsCourt2016"/>
In 2013, the State of New York filed a $40 million civil suit against Trump University; the suit alleged that the company made false statements and defrauded consumers.<ref name="AppealsCourt2016">{{cite news |first=David |last=Halperin |title=NY Court Refuses to Dismiss Trump University Case, Describes Fraud Allegations |date=March 1, 2016 |website=[[The Huffington Post]] |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/davidhalperin/ny-court-refuses-to-dismi_b_9358360.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/02/27/donald-trumps-misleading-claim-that-hes-won-most-of-lawsuits-over-trump-university/ |first=Michelle Ye Hee |last=Lee |title=Donald Trump's misleading claim that he's 'won most of' lawsuits over Trump University |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 27, 2016 |accessdate=February 27, 2016}}</ref> In addition, two class-action civil lawsuits were filed in federal court; they named Trump personally as well as his companies. Internal documents revealed that employees were instructed to use a hard-sell approach, and former employees said in depositions that Trump University had defrauded or lied to its students.<ref name=twofront>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/08/26/trump-entrepreneur-initiative-case/2700811/ |title=Trump faces two-front legal fight over 'university' |work=[[USA Today]] |first=Kevin |last=McCoy |date=August 26, 2013}}</ref><ref name=ronald_tu>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/01/us/politics/donald-trump-university.html |title=Former Trump University Workers Call the School a 'Lie' and a 'Scheme' in Testimony |last1=Barbaro |first1=Michael |author1link=Michael Barbaro |last2=Eder |first2=Steve |date=May 31, 2016 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=March 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/06/01/480279246/hard-sell-the-potential-political-consequences-of-the-trump-university-documents |title=Hard Sell: The Potential Political Consequences of the Trump University Documents |last=Montenaro |first=Domenico |date=June 1, 2016 |publisher=[[NPR]] |accessdate=June 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=May 30, 2016 |accessdate=June 2, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/31/us/judge-orders-documents-unsealed-in-trump-university-lawsuit.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Judge Orders Documents Unsealed in Trump University Lawsuit |agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hamburger |first=Tom |authorlink=Tom Hamburger |title=Judge bashed by Trump orders release of company records |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/judge-orders-release-of-internal-trump-university-documents/2016/05/28/2e960e5e-24f9-11e6-8690-f14ca9de2972_story.html |accessdate=June 3, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 28, 2016}}</ref> Shortly after he won the presidency, Trump agreed to pay a total of $25 million to settle the three cases.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/19/us/politics/trump-university.html |title=Donald Trump Agrees to Pay $25 Million in Trump University Settlement |last=Eder |first=Steve |date=November 18, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=November 18, 2016}}</ref>
=== Foundation ===
{{Main|Donald J. Trump Foundation}}
The Donald J. Trump Foundation was a U.S.-based private foundation established in 1988 for the initial purpose of giving away proceeds from the book ''Trump: The Art of the Deal''.<ref name=":0b">{{cite news |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/133404773 |title=Nonprofit Explorer – ProPublica |website=[[ProPublica]] |first1=Mike |last1=Tigas |first2=Sisi |last2=Wei |accessdate=September 9, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":1b">{{Cite news |first=David A. |last=Fahrenthold |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/09/01/trump-pays-irs-a-penalty-for-his-foundation-violating-rules-with-gift-to-florida-attorney-general/ |title=Trump pays IRS a penalty for his foundation violating rules with gift to aid Florida attorney general |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 1, 2016}}</ref> In the foundation's final years its funds mostly came from donors other than Trump, who did not donate any personal funds to the charity from 2009 until 2014.<ref name="WaPoMissing">{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/a-portrait-of-trump-the-donor-free-rounds-of-golf-but-no-personal-cash/2016/04/10/373b9b92-fb40-11e5-9140-e61d062438bb_story.html |title=Missing from Trump's list of charitable giving: His own personal cash |date=April 10, 2016 |first1=David A. |last1=Fahrenthold |author1link=David Fahrenthold |last2=Helderman |first2=Rosalind S. |author2link=Rosalind Helderman |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> The foundation gave to health care and sports-related charities, as well as conservative groups.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Long Island Business News]] |date=September 15, 2016 |first=Claude |last=Solnik |title=Taking a peek at Trump's (foundation) tax returns |url=https://libn.com/2016/09/15/taking-a-peek-at-trumps-foundation-tax-returns/}}</ref>
In 2016, ''The Washington Post'' reported that the charity had committed several potential legal and ethical violations, including alleged self-dealing and possible tax evasion.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 15, 2016 |first1=Chris |last1=Cillizza |author1link=Chris Cillizza |first2=David A. |last2=Fahrenthold |author2link=David Fahrenthold |title=Meet the reporter who's giving Donald Trump fits |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/news/the-fix/wp/2016/09/15/how-the-reporter-behind-the-trump-foundation-stories-does-it/}}</ref> Also in 2016, the New York State Attorney General's office said the foundation appeared to be in violation of New York laws regarding charities and ordered it to immediately cease its fundraising activities in New York.<ref name="hit">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/13/politics/eric-schneiderman-donald-trump-foundation/ |title=NY attorney general is investigating Trump Foundation practices |date=September 14, 2016 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=September 25, 2016 |last1=Bradner |first1=Eric |last2=Frehse |first2=Rob}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 3, 2016 |first=David A. |last=Fahrenthold |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |title=Trump Foundation ordered to stop fundraising by N.Y. attorney general's office |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html}}</ref> Trump's team announced in late December 2016 that the Foundation would be dissolved to remove "even the appearance of any conflict with [his] role as President".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest |title=Donald Trump to dissolve his charitable foundation after mounting complaints |last=Jacobs |first=Ben |authorlink=Ben Jacobs (journalist) |date=December 24, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=December 25, 2016}}</ref>
In June 2018 the New York attorney general's office filed a civil suit against the foundation, Trump himself, and his adult children, asking for $2.8 million in restitution and additional penalties.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/14/politics/new-york-lawsuit-trump-foundation/index.html |title=New York attorney general sues Trump Foundation |website=[[CNN]] |first1=Chris |last1=Isidore |first2=Melanie |last2=Schuman |date=June 14, 2018 |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/392392-five-things-to-know-about-the-lawsuit-against-the-trump-foundation |title=Five things to know about the lawsuit against the Trump Foundation |last=Thomsen |first=Jacqueline |date=June 14, 2018 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref> In December 2018, the foundation ceased operation and disbursed all its assets to other charities.<ref name=Goldmacher-181218>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/18/nyregion/ny-ag-underwood-trump-foundation.html |title=Trump Foundation Will Dissolve, Accused of 'Shocking Pattern of Illegality' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 18, 2018 |accessdate=May 9, 2019 |first=Shane |last=Goldmacher}}</ref> The following November, a New York state judge ordered Trump to pay $2 million to a group of charities for misusing the foundation's funds, in part to finance his presidential campaign.<ref name=Katersky-191107>{{cite news | url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 | title=President Donald Trump ordered to pay $2M to collection of nonprofits as part of civil lawsuit | work=[[ABC News]] | date=November 7, 2019 | accessdate=November 7, 2019 | first=Aaron | last=Katersky}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-50338231|title=Judge orders Trump to pay $2m for misusing Trump Foundation funds|date=November 8, 2019|work=BBC News|accessdate=5 March 2020}}</ref>
=== Conflicts of interest ===
[[File:Trump AVM opening ceremony.jpg|thumb|[[Tayyip Erdoğan]], then the prime minister of Turkey, attended the opening of the [[Trump Towers Istanbul]] AVM in 2012.]]
Before being inaugurated as president, Trump moved his businesses into a [[revocable trust]] run by his eldest sons and a business associate.<ref name="NPR012018">{{cite news |first=Marilyn |last=Geewax |title=Trump Has Revealed Assumptions About Handling Presidential Wealth, Businesses |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/01/20/576871315/trump-has-revealed-assumptions-about-handling-presidential-wealth-businesses |website=[[NPR]] |date=January 20, 2018}}</ref><ref name="BBC041817">{{cite news |title=A list of Trump's potential conflicts |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38069298 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=April 18, 2017}}</ref> According to ethics experts, as long as Trump continues to profit from his businesses, the measures taken by Trump do not help to avoid conflicts of interest.<ref name="Venook">{{cite news |last=Venook |first=Jeremy |title=Trump's Interests vs. America's, Dubai Edition |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/08/donald-trump-conflicts-of-interests/508382/ |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=August 9, 2017}}</ref> Because Trump would have knowledge of how his administration's policies would affect his businesses, ethics experts recommend that Trump sell off his businesses.<ref name="BBC041817" /> While Trump said his organization would eschew "new foreign deals", the Trump Organization has since pursued expansions of its operations in Dubai, Scotland, and the Dominican Republic.<ref name="Venook"/>
Multiple lawsuits have been filed alleging that Trump is violating the [[Title of Nobility Clause|Emoluments Clause]] of the [[United States Constitution]], which forbids presidents from taking money from foreign governments, due to his business interests; they argue that these interests allow foreign governments to influence him.<ref name="Venook" /><ref name="LaFraniere">{{cite news |last=LaFraniere |first=Sharon |authorlink=Sharon LaFraniere |title=Lawsuit on Trump Emoluments Violations Gains Traction in Court |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html |date=January 25, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 25, 2018}}</ref> Previous presidents in the modern era have either divested their holdings or put them in blind trusts,<ref name="NPR012018" /> and he is the first president to be sued over the emoluments clause.<ref name="LaFraniere" /> According to ''The Guardian'', "NBC News recently calculated that representatives of at least 22 foreign governments{{snd}}including some facing charges of corruption or human rights abuses such as Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Turkey and the Philippines{{snd}}seem to have spent funds at Trump properties while he has been president."<ref>{{cite news |title=How Trump's businesses are booming with lobbyists, donors and governments |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jul/19/donald-trump-businesses-hotels-conflict-of-interest |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=July 19, 2019 |first=Peter |last=Stone}}</ref> On October 21, 2019, Trump mocked the Emoluments Clause as "phony".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/10/21/donald-trump-mocks-constitution-emoluments-clause-phony/4055162002/ |title='Phony'. Donald Trump mocks 'emoluments' clause of U.S. Constitution that bans foreign gifts |last=Subramanian |first=Courtney |last2=Collins |first2=Michael |last3=Jackson |first3=David |date=October 21, 2019 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |access-date=December 8, 2019}}</ref>
In 2015, Trump said he "makes a lot of money with" the [[Economy of Saudi Arabia|Saudis]] and that "they pay me millions and hundreds of millions."<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump stands by Saudi prince despite journalist Khashoggi's murder |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-trump/trump-stands-by-saudi-prince-despite-journalist-khashoggis-murder-idUSKCN1NP26Y |work=[[Reuters]] |date=November 20, 2018}}</ref> And at a political rally, Trump said about Saudi Arabia: "They buy apartments from me. They spend $40 million, $50 million. Am I supposed to dislike them? I like them very much."<ref>{{cite news |title=President Trump has a massive conflict of interest on Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2018/10/18/president-trump-has-massive-conflict-interest-saudi-arabia/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 18, 2018}}</ref>
In December 2015, Trump said in a radio interview that he had a "conflict of interest" in dealing with [[Turkey]] and Turkish president [[Tayyip Erdoğan]] because of his [[Trump Towers Istanbul]], saying "I have a little conflict of interest because I have a major, major building in Istanbul and it's a tremendously successful job{{nbsp}}... It's called Trump Towers{{snd}}two towers instead of one{{nbsp}}... I've gotten to know Turkey very well".<ref>{{cite news |first=Philip|last=Bump|title=Trump's decision on Syria crystallizes questions about his business – and his presidency |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/10/07/trumps-decision-syria-crystallizes-questions-about-his-business-his-presidency/? |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 7, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump's longtime business connections in Turkey back in the spotlight |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-impeachment-inquiry/donald-trump-s-longtime-business-connections-turkey-back-spotlight-n1064011 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=October 9, 2019 |first1=Heidi |last1=Przybyla |first2=Anna |last2=Schecter}}</ref>
== Media career ==
=== Books ===
{{Main|Bibliography of Donald Trump}}
Trump's first ghostwritten book, ''[[The Art of the Deal]]'' (1987), was on the [[The New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' Best Seller list]] for 48 weeks. According to ''[[The New Yorker]]'', "The book expanded Trump's renown far beyond New York City, promoting an image of himself as a successful dealmaker and tycoon." [[Tony Schwartz (author)|Tony Schwartz]], who is credited as co-author, later said he did all the writing, backed by [[Howard Kaminsky]], then-head of [[Random House]], the book's publisher.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/07/25/donald-trumps-ghostwriter-tells-all |title=Donald Trump's Ghostwriter Tells All |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |first=Jane |last=Mayer |authorlink=Jane Mayer |date=July 18, 2016 |accessdate=June 19, 2017}}</ref> Two further lesser memoirs were published in 1990 and 1997.
=== WWE ===
Trump has had a sporadic relationship with [[professional wrestling]] promotion [[WWE|World Wrestling Entertainment]] and its owner [[Vince McMahon]] since the late 1980s; in 1988 and 1989, [[WrestleMania IV]] and [[WrestleMania V|V]], which took place at the [[Atlantic City]] Convention Hall, were billed as taking place at the nearby [[Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino|Trump Plaza]].<ref name="myth">{{cite news |last=Lelinwalla |first=Mark |url=https://www.techtimes.com/articles/138117/20160304/donald-trumps-history-wwe.htm |title=Looking Back At Donald Trump's WWE Career |website=Tech Times |date=March 4, 2016|access-date=July 6, 2019}}</ref><ref name=wwebio>{{cite web |url=https://www.wwe.com/superstars/donald-trump |title=Donald Trump bio |website=[[WWE]] |accessdate=March 14, 2015}}</ref> He headlined the record-breaking [[WrestleMania 23]] in 2007 and was inducted into the celebrity wing of the [[WWE Hall of Fame (2013)|WWE Hall of Fame in 2013]].<ref name="chief_heel">{{cite news |last1=Kelly |first1=Chris |last2=Wetherbee |first2=Brandon |url=https://slate.com/culture/2016/12/donald-trump-learned-his-political-moves-from-wwe.html |title=Heel in Chief |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=December 9, 2016 |access-date=March 5, 2019}}</ref>
=== ''The Apprentice'' ===
{{main|The Apprentice (American TV series)}}
In 2003, Trump became the co-producer and host of ''The Apprentice'', a [[reality show]] in which contestants competed for a one-year management job with the Trump Organization, and Trump weeded out applicants with the [[catchphrase]] "You're fired".<ref name="born_7-17-16">{{cite news |last1=Grynbaum |first1=Michael M. |last2=Parker |first2=Ashley |author2link=Ashley Parker |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/17/business/media/donald-trump-apprentice.html |title=Donald Trump the Political Showman, Born on 'The Apprentice' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 16, 2016 |accessdate=July 8, 2018}}</ref> He later co-hosted ''[[The Celebrity Apprentice]]'', in which celebrities competed to win money for charities.<ref name="born_7-17-16" />
=== Acting ===
{{Main|Donald Trump filmography}}
Trump has made [[cameo appearances]] in eight film and television series<ref name=Atlantic>{{cite news |first=Adrienne |last=LaFrance |title=Three Decades of Donald Trump Film and TV Cameos |date=December 21, 2015 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/12/three-decades-of-donald-trump-film-and-tv-cameos/421257/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lockett |first=Dee |url=https://www.vulture.com/2016/06/donald-trump-was-in-the-little-rascals.html |title=Yes, Donald Trump Did Actually Play a Spoiled Rich Kid's Dad in The Little Rascals |work=Vulture |date=June 21, 2016 |accessdate=July 14, 2018}}</ref> and performed a song as a ''[[Green Acres]]'' character with [[Megan Mullally]] at the [[57th Primetime Emmy Awards]] in 2005.<ref>{{cite news |last=Shanley |first=Patrick |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/megan-mullally-donald-trump-emmys-stephen-colbert-2016-12 |title=Emmys Flashback: When Trump Sang the 'Green Acres' Theme in Overalls |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=September 15, 2016 |accessdate=July 14, 2018}}</ref>
=== Talk shows ===
Starting in the 1990s, Trump was a guest about 24 times on the nationally syndicated ''[[Howard Stern Show]]''.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA166 166]}} He also had his own short-form talk radio program called ''[[Trumped!]]'' (one to two minutes on weekdays) from 2004 to 2008.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.people.com/people/article/0,,632500,00.html |title=The Donald to Get New Wife, Radio Show |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |date=April 29, 2004 |accessdate=November 19, 2013 |first=Stephen M. |last=Silverman |authorlink=Stephen M. Silverman}}</ref><!-- Only sources I find are from 2004 like this: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20040607005748/en/Trumped!-Donald-Trump-Biggest-Launch-Radio-History --><ref>{{cite news |first=Bob |last=Tedeschi |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/06/technology/now-for-sale-online-the-art-of-the-vacation.html |title=Now for Sale Online, the Art of the Vacation |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 6, 2006 |accessdate=October 21, 2018}}</ref> In 2011, he was given a weekly unpaid guest commentator spot on ''[[Fox & Friends]]'' that continued until he started his presidential candidacy in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Montopoli |first=Brian |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-gets-regular-fox-news-spot/ |title=Donald Trump gets regular Fox News spot |website=[[CBS News]] |date=April 1, 2011 |accessdate=July 7, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Grossman |first1=Matt |last2=Hopkins |first2=David A. |title=How the conservative media is taking over the Republican Party |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ |accessdate=October 19, 2018 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 9, 2016}}</ref>
== Political career ==
{{main|Political career of Donald Trump}}
=== Political activities up to 2015 ===
Trump's political party affiliation changed numerous times. He registered as a Republican in Manhattan in 1987, switched to the Reform Party in 1999, the Democratic Party in 2001, and back to the Republican Party in 2009.<ref name="PolitiFact.24.Aug.15">{{cite news |last=Gillin |first=Joshua |title=Bush says Trump was a Democrat longer than a Republican 'in the last decade' |url=https://www.politifact.com/florida/statements/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |date=August 24, 2015}}</ref>
In 1987, Trump placed full-page advertisements in three major newspapers,<ref name="hint">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/02/nyregion/trump-gives-a-vague-hint-of-candidacy.html |title=Trump Gives a Vague Hint of Candidacy |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Michael |last=Oreskes |authorlink=Michael Oreskes |date=September 2, 1987 |accessdate=February 17, 2016}}</ref> advocating peace in Central America, accelerated nuclear disarmament talks with the Soviet Union, and reduction of the federal budget deficit by making American allies pay "their fair share" for military defense.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/18/us/trump-urged-to-head-gala-of-democrats.html |title=Trump Urged To Head Gala Of Democrats |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 18, 1987 |first=Fox |last=Butterfield}}</ref> He ruled out running for local office but not for the presidency.<ref name="hint"/>
==== 2000 presidential campaign ====
{{Main|Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign}}
In 1999, Trump filed an [[exploratory committee]] to seek the nomination of the [[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform Party]] for the 2000 presidential election.<ref name=NYTimes.Revolution>{{cite news |first=Donald J. |last=Trump |title=What I Saw at the Revolution |date=February 19, 2000 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/19/opinion/what-i-saw-at-the-revolution.html}}</ref><ref name=Winger-111225>{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Winger |authorlink=Richard Winger |title=Donald Trump Ran For President in 2000 in Several Reform Party Presidential Primaries |date=December 25, 2011 |website=[[Ballot Access News]] |url=https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/}}</ref> A July 1999 poll matching him against likely Republican nominee [[George W. Bush]] and likely Democratic nominee [[Al Gore]] showed Trump with seven percent support.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump eyeing a run at the White House |last=Johnson |first=Glen |work=Standard-Speaker |location=Hazelton, Pennsylvania}}</ref> Trump dropped out of the race in February 2000.<ref>{{cite news |last=Clift|first=Eleanor|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-last-time-trump-wrecked-a-party|title=The Last Time Trump Wrecked a Party|newspaper=The Daily Beast |date=April 13, 2017|accessdate=February 25, 2020 }}</ref>
==== 2012 presidential speculation ====
Trump speculated about running for president in [[2012 United States presidential election|the 2012 election]], making his first speaking appearance at the [[Conservative Political Action Conference]] (CPAC) in February 2011 and giving speeches in early primary states.<ref name="McA">{{cite news |last=MacAskill |first=Ewen |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race |title=Donald Trump bows out of 2012 US presidential election race |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=May 16, 2011 |access-date=February 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bobic |first1=Igor |last2=Stein |first2=Sam |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/donald-trump-cpac_n_58adc0f4e4b03d80af7141cf |title=How CPAC Helped Launch Donald Trump's Political Career |work=[[HuffPost]] |date=February 22, 2017 |access-date=February 28, 2020}}</ref> In May 2011 he announced that he would not run.<ref name="McA"/>
Trump's presidential ambitions were generally not taken seriously at the time.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/11/donald-trump-cpac-president-act_n_821923.html |title=Donald Trump Brings His 'Pretend To Run For President' Act To CPAC |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |accessdate=April 21, 2011 |first=Jason |last=Linkins |date=February 11, 2011}}</ref> Before the 2016 election, ''The New York Times'' speculated that Trump "accelerated his ferocious efforts to gain stature within the political world" after Obama lampooned him at the [[White House Correspondents' Association]] Dinner in April 2011.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 12, 2016 |first1=Maggie |last1=Haberman |author1link=Maggie Haberman |first2=Alexander |last2=Burns |author2link=Alex Burns (journalist) |title=Donald Trump's Presidential Run Began in an Effort to Gain Stature |accessdate=April 13, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/13/us/politics/donald-trump-campaign.html}}</ref>
In 2011 the then-superintendent of the New York Military Academy, Jeffrey Coverdale, ordered the then-headmaster of the school, Evan Jones, to give him Trump's academic records so that he could keep them secret, according to Jones. Coverdale said he had been asked to add to hand the records over to members of the school's board of trustees who were Mr. Trump's friends, but he refused to give the records to anyone and instead sealed Trump's records on campus. The incident reportedly happened days after Trump demanded the release of President Barack Obama's academic records.<ref>{{cite news |date=March 5, 2019 |last1=Fisher |first1=Marc |authorlink=Marc Fisher |title='Grab that record': How Trump's high school transcript was hidden |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/grab-that-record-how-trumps-high-school-transcript-was-hidden/2019/03/05/8815b7b8-3c61-11e9-aaae-69364b2ed137_story.html |website=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=June 9, 2019}}</ref>
==== 2013–2015 ====
In 2013, Trump spoke at CPAC again;<ref name="CPAC1">{{cite news |title=Donald Trump to address CPAC |url=https://news.yahoo.com/blogs/ticket/donald-trump-address-cpac-205409450--politics.html |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |date=March 5, 2013 |first=Chris |last=Moody |accessdate=March 6, 2013}}</ref> he railed against illegal immigration, bemoaned Obama's "unprecedented media protection", advised against harming Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security, and suggested that the government "take" Iraq's oil and use the proceeds to pay a million dollars each to families of dead soldiers.<ref>{{cite news |first=Lucy |last=Madison |title=Trump: Immigration reform a "suicide mission" for GOP |date=March 15, 2013 |website=[[CBS News]] |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-immigration-reform-a-suicide-mission-for-gop/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Amira |title=Photos of Donald Trump Delivering His Self-Aggrandizing CPAC Speech to a Half-Empty Ballroom |date=March 15, 2013 |website=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] (magazine) |url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/03/donald-trump-cpac-speech-empty-seat-photos.html}}</ref> He spent over $1 million that year to research a possible 2016 candidacy.<ref name="NYPost2016">{{cite news |title=Trump researching 2016 run |date=May 27, 2013 |website=[[Page Six]] |url=https://pagesix.com/2013/05/27/trump-researching-2016-run/}}</ref>
In October 2013, New York Republicans circulated a memo suggesting Trump should run for governor of the state in 2014 against [[Andrew Cuomo]]. Trump responded that while New York had problems and its taxes were too high, he was not interested in the governorship.<ref>{{cite news |last=Spector |first=Joseph |title=N.Y. Republicans want Donald Trump to run for governor |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/10/14/trump-new-york-governor/2979589/ |work=[[USA Today]] |date=October 14, 2013 |accessdate=October 31, 2013}}</ref> A February 2014 Quinnipiac poll had shown Trump losing to the more popular Cuomo by 37 points in a hypothetical election.<ref>{{cite news |last=Miller |first=Jake |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-trumped-by-andrew-cuomo-in-new-york-governor-race-poll-finds/ |title=Trump trumped by Cuomo in N.Y. governor race, poll finds |date=February 13, 2014 |website=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=February 9, 2017}}</ref>
According to Trump's attorney [[Michael Cohen (lawyer)|Michael Cohen]], in May 2015 he sent letters to the New York Military Academy and to Fordham, threatening legal action if the schools ever released Trump's grades or SAT scores; Fordham confirmed receipt of the letter as well as a phone call from a member of the Trump team.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/27/18243099/michael-cohen-trump-fordham-grades |title=Michael Cohen: I threatened Fordham to keep quiet about Trump's SAT scores and grades |last=Coaston |first=Jane |date=February 27, 2019 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |accessdate=3 March 2020}}</ref>
=== 2016 presidential campaign ===
{{Main|Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign}}
==== Republican primaries ====
{{See also|2016 Republican Party presidential primaries}}
[[File:Donald Trump Laconia Rally, Laconia, NH 4 by Michael Vadon July 16 2015 19.jpg|thumb|alt=Trump speaking behind a brown wooden podium, wearing a dark blue suit and a red tie. The podium sports a blue "TRUMP" sign.|Trump campaigning in [[Laconia, New Hampshire]], July 2015]]
On June 16, 2015, Trump announced his candidacy for President of the United States at Trump Tower in Manhattan. In the speech, Trump discussed [[Illegal immigration to the United States|illegal immigration]], [[offshoring]] of American jobs, the [[U.S. national debt]], and [[Islamic terrorism]], which all remained large priorities during the campaign. He also announced his campaign slogan: "[[Make America Great Again]]".<ref name="6/15/15transcript">{{cite speech |url=https://time.com/3923128/donald-trump-announcement-speech/ |title=Here's Donald Trump's Presidential Announcement Speech |via=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |first=Donald |last=Trump |author-link=Donald Trump |date=June 16, 2015 |location=Trump Tower, New York City}} ''Transcript of full speech''</ref> Trump said his wealth would make him immune to pressure from campaign donors.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/06/donald-trump-2016-announcement-10-best-lines-119066 |first=Adam B. |last=Lerner |title=The 10 best lines from Donald Trump's announcement speech |work=[[Politico]] |date=June 16, 2015 |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}</ref> He declared that he was funding his own campaign,<ref>{{cite tweet |user=realDonaldTrump |author-link=Donald Trump |number=640280850182090752 |title=By self-funding my campaign, I am not controlled by my donors, special interests or lobbyists. I am only working for the people of the U.S.! |date=September 5, 2015 |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}</ref> but according to ''The Atlantic'', "Trump's claims of self-funding have always been dubious at best and actively misleading at worst."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/05/trumps-self-funding-lie/482691/ |title=The Lie of Trump's 'Self-Funding' Campaign |work=[[The Atlantic]] |first=David A. |last=Graham |date=May 13, 2016 |accessdate=June 7, 2018}}</ref>
Trump's campaign was initially not taken seriously by political analysts, but he quickly rose to the top of opinion polls.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/123228/how-donald-trump-evolved-joke-almost-serious-candidate |date=October 27, 2015 |first=Elspeth |last=Reeve |title=How Donald Trump Evolved From a Joke to an Almost Serious Candidate |work=[[The New Republic]] |accessdate=July 23, 2018}}</ref>
On [[Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016#March 1, 2016: Super Tuesday|Super Tuesday]], Trump received the most votes, and he remained the front-runner throughout the primaries. By March 2016, Trump was poised to win the Republican nomination.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/03/23/why-donald-trump-is-poised-to-win-the-nomination-and-lose-the-general-election-in-one-poll/ |title=Why Donald Trump is poised to win the nomination and lose the general election, in one poll |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=March 23, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> After a landslide win in [[Indiana Republican primary, 2016|Indiana]] on May 3, 2016{{snd}}which prompted the remaining candidates Cruz and [[John Kasich]] to suspend their presidential campaigns{{snd}}[[Republican National Committee|RNC]] chairman [[Reince Priebus]] declared Trump the presumptive Republican nominee.<ref name="politico_priebus">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/2016-gop-primary-live-updates-and-results/2016/05/reince-priebus-donald-trump-is-nominee-222767 |title=RNC Chairman: Trump is our nominee |last=Nussbaum |first=Matthew |date=May 3, 2016 |accessdate=May 4, 2016 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref>
==== General election campaign ====
After becoming the presumptive Republican nominee, Trump shifted his focus to the [[2016 United States presidential election|general election]]. Trump began campaigning against Hillary Clinton, who became the presumptive Democratic nominee on June 6, 2016.
Clinton had established a significant lead over Trump in [[Nationwide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2016|national polls]] throughout most of 2016. In early July, Clinton's lead narrowed in national polling averages following the FBI's re-opening of its investigation into her ongoing [[Hillary Clinton email controversy|email controversy]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/amp/poll-clinton-trump-now-tied-gop-convention-kicks-n611936 |title=Poll: Clinton and Trump Now Tied as GOP Convention Kicks Off |last1=Hartig |first1=Hannah |last2=Lapinski |first2=John |last3=Psyllos |first3=Stephanie |date=July 19, 2016 |website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/2016-general-election-trump-vs-clinton |title=2016 General Election: Trump vs. Clinton |accessdate=October 3, 2016 |website=[[The Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/us/general_election_trump_vs_clinton-5491.html |title=General Election: Trump vs. Clinton |accessdate=October 3, 2016 |website=RealClearPolitics}}</ref>
[[File:Donald Trump and Mike Pence RNC July 2016.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Donald Trump and his running mate for vice president, Mike Pence. They appear to be standing in front of a huge screen with the colors of the American flag displayed on it. Trump is at left, facing toward the viewer and making "thumbs-up" gestures. Pence is at right, facing Trump and clapping.|Candidate Trump and running mate [[Mike Pence]] at the [[Republican National Convention]], July 2016]]
On July 15, 2016, Trump announced his selection of Indiana governor [[Mike Pence]] as his running mate.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/07/15/donald-trump-officially-names-mike-pence-as-his-vp.html |title=Donald Trump officially names Mike Pence for VP |last=Levingston |first=Ivan |date=July 15, 2016 |website=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> Four days later, the two were officially nominated by the Republican Party at the Republican National Convention.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/07/19/republicans-start-process-to-nominate-trump-for-president.html |title=Trump closes the deal, becomes Republican nominee for president |date=July 19, 2016 |website=[[Fox News]]}}</ref> The list of convention speakers and attendees included former presidential nominee [[Bob Dole]], but the other prior nominees did not attend.<ref name="missing">{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/2016-conventions/9-elephants-room-rnc-what-s-missing-speakers-list-n609471 |title=9 Elephants in the Room at RNC: Who's Missing From the Speakers List |last=Timm |first=Jane C. |date=July 17, 2016 |accessdate=August 16, 2016 |website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/05/politics/john-mccain-jeff-flake-donald-trump/ |title=Flake, McCain split over backing Trump |last=Raju |first=Manu |authorlink=Manu Raju |date=May 5, 2016 |accessdate=May 7, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref>
On September 26, 2016, Trump and Clinton faced off in [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#First presidential debate (Hofstra University)|their first presidential debate]], which was held at [[Hofstra University]] in [[Hempstead, New York]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uspresidentialelectionnews.com/2016-debate-schedule/2016-presidential-debate-schedule/ |title=2016 Presidential Debate Schedule |date=September 23, 2015 |accessdate=September 30, 2016}}</ref> The [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#Second presidential debate (Washington University in St. Louis)|second presidential debate]] was held at [[Washington University in Saint Louis|Washington University]] in Saint Louis, Missouri. The [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#Third presidential debate (University of Nevada, Las Vegas)|final presidential debate]] was held on October 19 at the [[University of Nevada, Las Vegas]]. Trump's refusal to say whether he would accept the result of the election, regardless of the outcome, drew particular attention, with some saying it undermined democracy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-us-2016-37706499 |title=US presidential debate: Trump won't commit to accept election result |date=October 20, 2016 |accessdate=October 27, 2016 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-20/how-the-us-media-viewed-the-third-presidential-debate/7950418 |title=How US media reacted to the third presidential debate |date=October 20, 2016 |accessdate=October 27, 2016 |website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref>
==== Political positions ====
{{Main|Political positions of Donald Trump}}
Trump's campaign platform emphasized renegotiating [[U.S.–China relations]] and free trade agreements such as [[NAFTA]] and the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]], strongly enforcing immigration laws, and building [[Trump wall|a new wall]] along the U.S.–Mexico border. His other campaign positions included pursuing [[energy independence]] while opposing climate change regulations such as the [[Clean Power Plan]] and the [[Paris Agreement]], modernizing and expediting [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs#Benefits|services for veterans]], repealing and replacing the [[Affordable Care Act]], abolishing [[Common Core]] education standards, [[Infrastructure-based development|investing in infrastructure]], simplifying the [[Internal Revenue Code|tax code]] while reducing taxes for all economic classes, and imposing [[tariff]]s on imports by companies that offshore jobs. During the campaign, he also advocated a largely [[United States non-interventionism|non-interventionist]] approach to foreign policy while increasing military spending, extreme vetting or banning immigrants from Muslim-majority countries<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37982000 |title=Trump's promises before and after election |date=September 19, 2017 |work=[[BBC Online]]}}</ref> to pre-empt domestic Islamic terrorism, and aggressive military action against the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]. During the campaign Trump repeatedly called [[NATO]] "obsolete".<ref>{{Cite news |first=Jenna |last=Johnson |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/04/12/trump-on-nato-i-said-it-was-obsolete-its-no-longer-obsolete/ |title=Trump on NATO: 'I said it was obsolete. It's no longer obsolete.' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 12, 2017 |accessdate=November 26, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |issn=0146-3373 |year=2018 |doi=10.1080/01463373.2018.1438485 |title=Make America Great Again: Donald Trump and Redefining the U.S. Role in the World |quote=On the campaign trail, Trump repeatedly called North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 'obsolete' |journal=[[Communication Quarterly]] |volume=66 |issue=2<!-- |pages=176–195 --> |page=176 |first=Jason A. |last=Edwards}}</ref>
His political positions have been described as [[Populism|populist]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=What Is Populism? |last=Muller |first=Jan-Werner |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-8122-9378-4 |page=101}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/27/magazine/how-can-donald-trump-and-bernie-sanders-both-be-populist.html |title=How Can Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders Both Be 'Populist'? |last=Kazin |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Kazin |date=March 22, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times Magazine]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/donald-trump-working-class-voters-219231 |title=Trump's 6 populist positions |last=Becker |first=Bernie |date=February 13, 2016 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> and some of his views cross party lines. For example, his economic campaign plan calls for deregulation and large reductions in income taxes, consistent with Republican Party policies,<ref name="Donaldjtrump.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/tax-reform |title=Tax Reform |website=Donald J. Trump for president website |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104052211/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/tax-reform |archivedate=January 4, 2016 |accessdate=January 6, 2016}}</ref> along with significant infrastructure investment, usually considered a Democratic Party policy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-democrats-support-infrastructure-overhaul-pledge-1-trillion-rebuild-president-elect-a7488396.html |title=Democrats can finally agree with Donald Trump on something |last=Sharman |first=Jon |date=December 21, 2016 |accessdate=December 21, 2016 |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> Trump has supported or leaned toward varying political positions over time.<ref name="davida.fahrenthold">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/08/17/20-times-donald-trump-has-changed-his-mind-since-june/ |title=20 times Donald Trump has changed his mind since June |last=Fahrenthold |first=David A. |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |date=August 17, 2015 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="thehillFLIP">{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/247643-meet-the-press-tracks-trumps-flip-flops |title='Meet the Press' tracks Trump's flip-flops |last=Hensch |first=Mark |date=July 12, 2015 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref> ''[[Politico]]'' has described his positions as "eclectic, improvisational and often contradictory",<ref name="real Donald">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/07/will-the-real-donald-trump-please-stand-up-120607 |title=Will the real Donald Trump please stand up? |last=Noah |first=Timothy |authorlink=Timothy Noah |date=July 26, 2015 |newspaper=[[Politico]]}}</ref> while NBC News counted "141 distinct shifts on 23 major issues" during his campaign.<ref name="nbcnews.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/full-list-donald-trump-s-rapidly-changing-policy-positions-n547801 |title=A Full List of Donald Trump's Rapidly Changing Policy Positions |last=Timm |first=Jane C. |accessdate=July 12, 2016 |website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref>
==== Campaign rhetoric ====
In his campaign, Trump said he disdained [[political correctness]]; he also said the media had intentionally misinterpreted his words, and he made other claims of adverse [[media bias]].<ref name=Walsh-160724>{{cite news |first=Kenneth T. |last=Walsh |authorlink=Kenneth T. Walsh |title=Trump: Media Is 'Dishonest and Corrupt' |date=August 15, 2016 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-08-15/trump-media-is-dishonest-and-corrupt |quote='If the disgusting and corrupt media covered me honestly and didn't put false meaning into the words I say, I would be beating Hillary by twenty percent,' Trump also tweeted Sunday.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Ted |last=Koppel |authorlink=Ted Koppel |title=Trump: "I feel I'm an honest person" |date=July 24, 2016 |website=[[CBS News]] |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-i-feel-im-an-honest-person/ |quote=Well, I think that I'm an honest person{{nbsp}}... I feel I'm an honest person. And I don't mind being criticized at all by the media, but I do wanna{{snd}}you know, I do want them to be straight about it.}}</ref><ref name=Blake-150706>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/07/06/donald-trumps-failing-war-on-political-correctness/ |title=Donald Trump is waging war on political correctness. And he's losing. |first=Aaron |last=Blake |date=July 6, 2015 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> In part due to his fame, and due to his willingness to say things other candidates would not, and because a candidate who is gaining ground automatically provides a compelling news story, Trump received an unprecedented amount of [[earned media|free media coverage]] during his run for the presidency, which elevated his standing in the Republican primaries.<ref name=Cillizza-160614>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/06/14/this-harvard-study-is-a-powerful-indictment-of-the-medias-role-in-donald-trumps-rise/ |title=This Harvard study is a powerful indictment of the media's role in Donald Trump's rise |first=Chris |last=Cillizza |authorlink=Chris Cillizza |date=June 14, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
Fact-checking organizations have denounced Trump for making a record number of false statements compared to other candidates.<ref name="whoppers">{{cite news |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/the-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump/ |title=The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump |website=[[FactCheck.org]] |date=December 21, 2015}}</ref><ref name="year">{{cite news |url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2015/dec/21/2015-lie-year-donald-trump-campaign-misstatements/ |title=2015 Lie of the Year: the campaign misstatements of Donald Trump |website=[[PolitiFact]] |date=December 21, 2015 |first1=Angie Drobnic |last1=Holan |author1link=Angie Drobnic Holan |first2=Linda |last2=Qiu}}</ref><ref name="wapo-false">{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Farhi |title=Think Trump's wrong? Fact checkers can tell you how often. (Hint: A lot.) |date=February 26, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/the-existential-crisis-of-professional-factcheckers-in-the-year-of-trump/2016/02/25/e994f210-db3e-11e5-81ae-7491b9b9e7df_story.html}}</ref> At least four major publications{{snd}}''Politico'', ''The Washington Post'', ''The New York Times'', and the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''{{snd}}have pointed out lies or falsehoods in his campaign statements, with the ''Los Angeles Times'' saying that "Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has".<ref>{{cite news |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/25/media/newspapers-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-lies/index.html |title=The weekend America's newspapers called Donald Trump a liar |first=Brian |last=Stelter |authorlink=Brian Stelter |date=September 26, 2016}}</ref> [[NPR]] said Trump's campaign statements were often opaque or suggestive.<ref>{{cite news |last=McCammon |first=Sarah |title=Donald Trump's controversial speech often walks the line |website=[[NPR]] |date=August 10, 2016 |quote=Many of Trump's opaque statements seem to rely on suggestion and innuendo.}}</ref>
Trump's penchant for [[hyperbole]] is believed to have roots in the New York real estate scene, where Trump established his wealth and where puffery abounds.<ref name="reuters-20150828" /> Trump adopted his [[Tony Schwartz (author)|ghostwriter's]] phrase "truthful hyperbole" to describe his public speaking style.<ref name="reuters-20150828">{{cite news |first1=Emily |last1=Flitter |first2=James |last2=Oliphant |title=Best president ever! How Trump's love of hyperbole could backfire |date=August 28, 2015 |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-trump-hyperbole-insight-idUSKCN0QX11X20150828}}</ref><ref name=Konnikova />
==== Support from the far right ====
{{anchor|White supremacist support}}
According to [[Michael Barkun]], the Trump campaign was remarkable for bringing fringe ideas, beliefs, and organizations into the mainstream.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barkun |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Barkun |year=2017<!-- |issn=0954-6553 (print) --> |title=President Trump and the ''Fringe'' |journal=[[Terrorism and Political Violence]] |volume=29<!-- |pages=437–443 --> |issue=3 |page=437 |doi=10.1080/09546553.2017.1313649 |issn=1556-1836}}</ref> During his presidential campaign, Trump was accused of pandering to white supremacists.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lopez |first=German |title=We need to stop acting like Trump isn't pandering to white supremacists |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/8/13/16140504/trump-charlottesville-white-supremacists |accessdate=January 2, 2018 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=August 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Blow |first=Charles M. |authorlink=Charles M. Blow |title=Is Trump a White Supremacist? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/opinion/trump-white-supremacist.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kharakh |first1=Ben |last2=Primack |first2=Dan |title=Donald Trump's Social Media Ties to White Supremacists |url=https://fortune.com/donald-trump-white-supremacist-genocide/ |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=March 22, 2016}}</ref> He retweeted open racists,<ref>{{cite news |last=White |first=Daniel |title=Trump Criticized for Retweeting Racist Account |url=https://time.com/4190482/donald-trump-twitter-racist-retweet/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=January 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=White Nationalists and the Alt-Right Celebrate Trump's Victory |date=November 9, 2016 |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/11/09/white-nationalists-and-alt-right-celebrate-trump%E2%80%99s-victory |website=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]] |accessdate=November 10, 2016}}</ref> and repeatedly refused to condemn David Duke, the [[Ku Klux Klan]] or white supremacists, in an interview on CNN's ''[[State of the Union (American TV program)|State of the Union]]'', saying he would first need to "do research" because he knew nothing about Duke or white supremacists.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump Refuses to Condemn KKK, Disavow David Duke Endorsement |url=https://time.com/4240268/donald-trump-kkk-david-duke/ |accessdate=January 20, 2018 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=February 28, 2016 |first=Melissa |last=Chan}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |title=Donald Trump and the alt-right: A marriage of convenience |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/book-party/wp/2016/12/30/donald-trump-and-the-alt-right-a-marriage-of-convenience/ |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 30, 2016}}</ref> Duke himself enthusiastically supported Trump throughout the 2016 primary and election, and has said he and like-minded people voted for Trump because of his promises to "take our country back".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2017/8/12/16138358/charlottesville-protests-david-duke-kkk |title="Why we voted for Donald Trump": David Duke explains the white supremacist Charlottesville protests |last=Nelson |first=Libby |date=August 12, 2017 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |accessdate=August 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/08/15/david-duke-reaction-trump-news-conference/570517001/ |title=Former KKK leader David Duke praises Trump for his 'courage' |last=Cummings |first=William |date=August 15, 2017 |work=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=August 18, 2018}}</ref>
After repeated questioning by reporters, Trump said he disavowed David Duke and the KKK.<ref name="cnnduke">{{cite news |website=[[CNN]] |date=March 3, 2016 |first=Eugene |last=Scott |title=Trump denounces David Duke, KKK |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/03/03/politics/donald-trump-disavows-david-duke-kkk/index.html}}</ref> Trump said on [[MSNBC]]'s ''[[Morning Joe]]'': "I disavowed him. I disavowed the KKK. Do you want me to do it again for the 12th time? I disavowed him in the past, I disavow him now."<ref name="cnnduke"/>
The [[alt-right]] movement coalesced around Trump's candidacy,<ref name="WPechoes">{{cite news |last=Ohlheiser |first=Abby |title=Anti-Semitic Trump supporters made a giant list of people to target with a racist meme |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/06/03/anti-semitic-trump-supporters-made-a-giant-list-of-people-to-target-with-a-racist-meme/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=June 3, 2016}}</ref> due in part to its [[opposition to multiculturalism]] and [[Opposition to immigration|immigration]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Weigel |first=David |authorlink=David Weigel |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/racial-realists-are-cheered-by-trumps-latest-strategy/2016/08/20/cd71e858-6636-11e6-96c0-37533479f3f5_story.html |title='Racialists' are cheered by Trump's latest strategy |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 20, 2016 |accessdate=June 23, 2018}}</ref><ref name="CNNexplained">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/08/25/politics/alt-right-explained-hillary-clinton-donald-trump/ |title=Clinton is attacking the 'Alt-Right' – What is it? |first=Gregory |last=Krieg |accessdate=August 25, 2016 |date=August 25, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref name="ft">{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e148d930-6cdb-11e6-9ac1-1055824ca907.html |title='Alt-right' movement makes mark on US presidential election |first=Demetri |last=Sevastopulo |work=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref>
Members of the alt-right enthusiastically supported Trump's campaign.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hawley |first=George |title=Making Sense of the Alt-Right |date=2017 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |isbn=978-0-231-54600-3}}</ref>
In August 2016, he appointed [[Steve Bannon]]{{snd}}the executive chairman of [[Breitbart News]]{{snd}}as his campaign CEO; Bannon described Breitbart News as "the platform for the alt-right".<ref>{{cite news |title=Clickbait scoops and an engaged alt-right: everything to know about Breitbart News |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/nov/15/breitbart-news-alt-right-stephen-bannon-trump-administration |accessdate=November 18, 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=November 15, 2016 |first=Jason |last=Wilson}}</ref> In an interview days after the election, Trump condemned supporters who celebrated his victory with Nazi salutes.<ref name=BBC.Disavows>{{cite news |title=Trump disavows 'alt-right' supporters |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38069469 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=November 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 23, 2016 |title=Donald Trump's New York Times Interview: Full Transcript |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/23/us/politics/trump-new-york-times-interview-transcript.html}}</ref>
==== Financial disclosures ====
As a presidential candidate, Trump disclosed details of his companies, assets, and revenue sources to the extent required by the FEC. His 2015 report listed assets above $1.4 billion and outstanding debts of at least $265 million.<ref name="Yahoo News FEC">{{cite news |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/donald-trump-wealth-details-released-federal-regulators-165854286--finance.html/ |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |title=Donald Trump wealth details released by federal regulators |date=July 22, 2015 |accessdate=August 9, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801033902/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/donald-trump-wealth-details-released-federal-regulators-165854286--finance.html |archivedate=August 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[U.S. Office of Government Ethics]] |via=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |date=July 15, 2015 |title=Executive Branch Personnel Public Financial Disclosure Report (U.S. OGE Form 278e) |url=https://images.businessweek.com/cms/2015-07-22/7-22-15-Report.pdf |archivedate=July 23, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723053945/https://images.businessweek.com/cms/2015-07-22/7-22-15-Report.pdf}}</ref> The 2016 form showed little change.<ref name="cnn-20160519" />
Trump has not released [[Donald Trump's tax returns|his tax returns]], contrary to the practice of every major candidate since 1976 and his promise in 2014 to do so if he ran for office.<ref name="Rappeport">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ |title=Donald Trump Breaks With Recent History by Not Releasing Tax Returns |last=Rappeport |first=Alan |authorlink=Alan Rappeport |date=May 11, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 19, 2016}}</ref> He said his tax returns were being audited, and his lawyers had advised him against releasing them.<ref name="CNNtax26Feb">{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/02/26/pf/taxes/trump-tax-returns-audit/ |title=Trump says he can't release tax returns because of audits |last=Isidore |first=Chris |date=February 26, 2016 |accessdate=February 26, 2016 |last2=Sahadi |first2=Jeanne |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Trump has told the press his tax rate was none of their business, and that he tries to pay "as little tax as possible".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/13/politics/donald-trump-tax-rate-none-of-your-business/ |title=Trump on his tax rate: 'None of your business' |last=Kopan |first=Tal |authorlink=Tal Kopan |date=May 13, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref>
In October 2016, portions of Trump's state filings for 1995 were leaked to a reporter from ''The New York Times''. They show that Trump declared a loss of $916 million that year, which could have let him avoid taxes for up to 18 years. During the second presidential debate, Trump acknowledged using the deduction, but declined to provide details such as the specific years it was applied.<ref name="nyt-20161010">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Donald Trump Acknowledges Not Paying Federal Income Taxes for Years |last1=Eder |first1=Steve |last2=Twohey |first2=Megan |author2link=Megan Twohey |date=October 10, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
On March 14, 2017, the first two pages of Trump's 2005 federal income tax returns were leaked to [[MSNBC]]. The document states that Trump had a gross adjusted income of $150 million and paid $38 million in federal taxes. The White House confirmed the authenticity of the documents.<ref name="nyt-taxes">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |title=Trump Wrote Off $100 Million in Business Losses in 2005 |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |author1link=Peter Baker (journalist) |last2=Drucker |first2=Jesse |last3=Craig |first3=Susanne |author3link=Susanne Craig |last4=Barstow |first4=David |author4link=David Barstow |date=March 15, 2017 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=March 15, 2017}}</ref><ref name="hill-taxes">{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/324016-wh-releases-trump-tax-info-ahead-of-msnbc-report-made-150m-in-2005 |title=WH releases Trump tax info ahead of MSNBC report: He paid $38M in federal taxes in '05 |last=Jagoda |first=Naomi |accessdate=March 15, 2017 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref>
On April 3, 2019, the House [[Ways and Means Committee]] made a formal request to the Internal Revenue Service for Trump's personal and business tax returns from 2013 to 2018, setting a deadline of April 10.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://apnews.com/79e6935010f94b399bb5e967ad6c1ec2 |title=House chairman asks IRS for 6 years of Trump's tax returns |first=Marcy |last=Gordon |date=April 4, 2019 |website=[[AP News]]}}</ref> That day, Treasury secretary [[Steven Mnuchin]] said the deadline would not be met,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/treasury-says-it-will-miss-democrats-deadline-for-turning-over-trump-tax-returns/2019/04/10/14319f9c-5bce-11e9-842d-7d3ed7eb3957_story.html |title=Treasury says it will miss Democrats' deadline for turning over Trump tax returns, casts skepticism over request |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 10, 2019 |first1=Jeff |last1=Stein |first2=Damian |last2=Paletta |author2link=Damian Paletta}}</ref> and the deadline was extended to April 23, which also was not honored,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/04/23/donald-trump-tax-returns-deadline-1288760 |title=IRS blows deadline to hand over Trump tax returns |first=Aaron |last=Lorenzo |website=[[Politico]] |date=April 23, 2019}}</ref> and on May{{nbsp}}6 Mnuchin said the request would be denied.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/06/us/politics/trump-tax-returns-mnuchin.html |title=Steven Mnuchin Refuses to Release Trump's Tax Documents to Congress |first=Alan |last=Rappeport |authorlink=Alan Rappeport |date=May 6, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> On May 10, 2019, committee chairman [[Richard Neal]] subpoenaed the Treasury Department and the IRS for the returns and seven days later the subpoenas were defied.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/10/us/politics/democrats-trump-tax-returns.html |title=House Ways and Means Chairman Subpoenas Trump Tax Records |first=Nicholas |last=Fandos |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos |date=May 10, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/mnuchin-defies-subpoena-for-president-trumps-tax-returns-11558123367 |title=Mnuchin Defies Subpoena for President Trump's Tax Returns |first=Richard |last=Rubin |date=May 17, 2019 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> A fall 2018 draft IRS legal memo asserted that Trump must provide his tax returns to Congress unless he invokes executive privilege, contradicting the administration's justification for defying the earlier subpoena.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/confidential-draft-irs-memo-says-tax-returns-must-be-given-to-congress-unless-president-invokes-executive-privilege/2019/05/21/8ed41834-7b1c-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html |title=Confidential draft IRS memo says tax returns must be given to Congress unless president invokes executive privilege |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 21, 2019 |first1=Jeff |last1=Stein |first2=Josh |last2=Dawsey |author2link=Josh Dawsey}}</ref> Mnuchin asserted the memo actually addressed a different matter.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/05/22/steven-mnuchin-irs-trump-tax-returns-1339270 |title=Mnuchin dismisses IRS memo saying Congress must be given Trump's tax returns |first=Toby |last=Eckert |website=[[Politico]] |date=May 22, 2019}}</ref>
=== Election to the presidency ===
{{Main|2016 United States presidential election}}
[[File:ElectoralCollege2016.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|2016 electoral vote results]]
On November 8, 2016, Trump received 306 pledged [[Electoral College (United States)|electoral votes]] versus 232 for Clinton. The official counts were 304 and 227 respectively, after [[Faithless electors in the United States presidential election, 2016|defections on both sides]].<ref>{{cite news |first1=Kiersten |last1=Schmidt |first2=Wilson |last2=Andrews |title=A Historic Number of Electors Defected, and Most Were Supposed to Vote for Clinton |date=December 19, 2016 |accessdate=January 31, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html}}</ref> Trump received nearly 2.9 million fewer popular votes than Clinton, which made him the fifth person to be elected president [[United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote|while losing the popular vote]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Desilver |first=Drew |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ |title=Trump's victory another example of how Electoral College wins are bigger than popular vote ones |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |date=December 20, 2017}}</ref>{{efn|Records on this matter date from the year 1824. The number "five" includes the elections of [[1824 United States presidential election|1824]], [[1876 United States presidential election|1876]], [[1888 United States presidential election|1888]], [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]], and [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]]. Despite their similarities, some of these five elections had peculiar results; e.g. [[John Quincy Adams]] trailed in ''both'' the national popular vote and the electoral college in 1824 (since no one had a majority in the electoral college, Adams was chosen by the House of Representatives), and [[Samuel Tilden]] in 1876 remains the only losing candidate to win an actual majority of the popular vote (rather than just a [[Plurality (voting)|plurality]]).<ref>{{cite book |last=Thomas |first=G. Scott |title=Counting the Votes: A New Way to Analyze America's Presidential Elections |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XvxPCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA125 |page=125 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |date=2015 |isbn=978-1-4408-3883-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Cheney |first=Kyle |authorlink=Kyle Cheney (journalist) |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/donald-trump-electoral-college-232665 |title=Trump lawyer cites 1876 crisis to rebuke Electoral College suit |website=[[Politico]] |date=December 14, 2016}}</ref>}} Clinton was ahead nationwide with 65,853,514 votes ({{percentage|<!-- CLINTON: --> 65,853,514|<!-- TOTAL: --> 136,669,276|2|pad=yes}}) to 62,984,828 votes ({{percentage|<!-- TRUMP: --> 62,984,828|<!-- TOTAL: --> 136,669,276|2|pad=yes}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Official 2016 Presidential General Election Results |url=https://transition.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2016/federalelections2016.pdf |website=[[Federal Election Commission]] |date=December 2017 |accessdate=February 12, 2018}}</ref>
Trump's victory was considered a stunning political upset by most observers, as polls had consistently showed Hillary Clinton with a nationwide{{snd}}though diminishing{{snd}}lead, as well as a favorable advantage in most of the competitive states. Trump's support had been modestly underestimated throughout his campaign,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/election-results-2016-clinton-trump-231070 |title=Trump pulls off biggest upset in U.S. history |work=[[Politico]] |date=November 9, 2016 |first=Maxwell |last=Tani |accessdate=November 9, 2016}}</ref> and many observers blamed errors in polls, partially attributed to pollsters overestimating Clinton's support among well-educated and nonwhite voters, while underestimating Trump's support among white working-class voters.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/upshot/why-trump-won-working-class-whites.html |title=Why Trump Won: Working-Class Whites |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 9, 2016 |first=Nate |last=Cohn |accessdate=November 9, 2016}}</ref><!-- Likely a combination of multiple factors, don't simplify with just one explanation. -->
The polls were relatively accurate,<ref>{{cite news |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |date=January 17, 2017 |first=Nate |last=Silver |authorlink=Nate Silver |title=Can You Trust Trump's Approval Rating Polls? |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/can-you-trust-polling-in-the-age-of-trump/}}</ref> but media outlets and pundits alike showed overconfidence in a Clinton victory despite a large number of undecided voters and a favorable concentration of Trump's core constituencies in competitive states.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |date=September 21, 2017 |first=Nate |last=Silver |authorlink=Nate Silver |title=The Media Has A Probability Problem |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-media-has-a-probability-problem/}}</ref>
Trump won 30 states, including [[Michigan]], [[Pennsylvania]], and [[Wisconsin]], which had been considered a [[Blue wall (politics)|blue wall]] of Democratic strongholds since the 1990s. Clinton won 20 states and the [[District of Columbia]]. Trump's victory marked the return of a Republican White House combined with [[United States Presidents and control of Congress|control of]] both chambers of [[United States Congress|Congress]].
Trump is [[List of Presidents of the United States by net worth|the wealthiest president in U.S. history]], even after [[Real versus nominal value (economics)|adjusting]] for [[inflation]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-richest-us-president-in-history-2017-1 |title=Donald Trump is officially the richest US president in history |last=Martin |first=Emmie |date=January 23, 2017 |work=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=September 9, 2017}}</ref> and the oldest person to take office as president.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/06/14/481991965/its-trumps-birthday-if-he-wins-hed-be-the-oldest-president-ever-to-take-office |title=It's Trump's Birthday. If He Wins, He'd Be The Oldest President Ever To Take Office |last=Kurtzlebel |first=Danielle |date=June 14, 2016 |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=May 3, 2019}}</ref> He is also [[List of Presidents of the United States by previous experience|the first president]] who did not serve in the military or hold elective or appointed government office prior to being elected.<ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Weber |title=Donald Trump will be the first U.S. president with no government or military experience |date=November 9, 2016 |website=[[The Week]] |url=https://theweek.com/speedreads/660840/donald-trump-first-president-no-government-military-experience}}</ref><ref name="voxexp">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience |title=Donald Trump will be the only US president ever with no political or military experience |last=Crockett |first=Zachary |date=November 11, 2016 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |accessdate=January 3, 2017}}</ref> Of the 43{{efn|[[Grover Cleveland]] was the [[List of Presidents of the United States|22nd and 24th president]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Will Trump Be The 44th Or 45th President? Yes And Yes |url=http://ethics.npr.org/memos-from-memmott/will-trump-be-the-44th-or-45th-president-yes-and-yes/ |website=[[NPR]] |date=November 10, 2016 |accessdate=June 4, 2017 |archivedate=February 7, 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207004548/http://ethics.npr.org/memos-from-memmott/will-trump-be-the-44th-or-45th-president-yes-and-yes/}}</ref>}} previous presidents, 38 had held prior elective office, two had not held elective office but had served in the Cabinet, and three had never held public office but had been commanding generals.<ref name="voxexp" />
=== Protests ===
{{Main|Protests against Donald Trump}}
[[File:Women's March on Washington (32593123745).jpg|thumb|[[2017 Women's March|Women's March]] in Washington on January 21, 2017, a day after the inauguration]]
Some rallies during the primary season were accompanied by protests or violence, including attacks on Trump supporters and vice versa both inside and outside the venues.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/03/10/trump-protester-sucker-punched-at-north-carolina-rally-videos-show/ |title=Trump supporter charged after sucker-punching protester at North Carolina rally |last=Moyer |first=Justin Wm. |date=March 11, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=August 31, 2016 |last2=Starrs |first2=Jenny |last3=Larimer |first3=Sarah}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/06/03/ugly-bloody-scenes-in-san-jose-as-protesters-attack-trump-supporters-outside-rally/ |title=Ugly, bloody scenes in San Jose as protesters attack Trump supporters outside rally |last=Sullivan |first=Sean |date=June 3, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=August 31, 2016 |last2=Miller |first2=Michael E.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/27/politics/donald-trump-san-diego-protesters/ |title=Pro-Trump, anti-Trump groups clash in San Diego |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |authorlink=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |date=May 28, 2016 |accessdate=August 31, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Trump's election victory sparked protests across the United States, in opposition to his policies and his inflammatory statements. Trump initially said on Twitter that these were "professional protesters, incited by the media", and were "unfair", but he later tweeted, "Love the fact that the small groups of protesters last night have passion for our great country."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2016/11/10/trump-tweet-professional-protesters-media/93624612/ |title=Trump calls protests 'unfair' in first controversial tweet as president-elect |last=Cummings |first=William |date=November 11, 2016 |work=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=November 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://uk.businessinsider.com/trump-tweets-that-protesters-have-passion-for-our-great-country-2016-11 |title=Trump says protesters have 'passion for our great country' after calling demonstrations 'very unfair' |last=Colson |first=Thomas |date=November 11, 2016 |newspaper=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=November 14, 2016}}</ref>
In the weeks following Trump's inauguration, massive anti-Trump demonstrations took place, such as the [[2017 Women's March|Women Marches]], which gathered 2,600,000 people worldwide,<ref name="USAToday01a">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/21/womens-march-aims-start-movement-trump-inauguration/96864158/ |title=At 2.6 million strong, Women's Marches crush expectations |last1=Przybyla |first1=Heidi M. |last2=Schouten |first2=Fredreka |date=January 22, 2017 |work=[[USA Today]] |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |edition=online}}</ref> including 500,000 in Washington alone.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/womens-march-on-washington-pink-pussy-hat-500000-donald-trump-resist-latest-a7540396.html |title=We asked ten people why they felt empowered wearing a pink 'pussy' hat |last=Buncombe |first=Andrew |date=January 22, 2017 |work=[[The Independent]] |accessdate=January 15, 2017}}</ref> Marches against his [[Executive Order 13769|travel ban]] began across the country on January 29, 2017, just nine days after his inauguration.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thinkprogress.org/muslim-ban-protests-344f6e66022e/ |title=Here's your list of all the protests happening against the Muslim Ban |work=[[ThinkProgress]] |date=January 28, 2017 |first=Adrienne Mahsa |last=Varkiani |accessdate=September 18, 2018}}{{better source|date=February 2020}}</ref>
=== 2020 presidential campaign ===
{{Main|Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign}}
Trump signaled his intention to run for a second term by filing with the FEC within a few hours of assuming the presidency.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-hints-at-re-election-bid-vowing-eight-years-of-great-things/article/2612632 |title=Trump hints at re-election bid, vowing 'eight years' of 'great things' |last=Westwood |first=Sarah |work=[[The Washington Examiner]] |date=January 22, 2017 |accessdate=February 19, 2017}}</ref> This transformed his 2016 election committee into a 2020 reelection one.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.azfamily.com/story/34380443/trump-breaks-precedent-files-on-first-day-as-candidate-for-re-election |title=Trump breaks precedent, files as candidate for re-election on first day |publisher=[[KTVK]] |location=Phoenix, Arizona |first=Lee |last=Morehouse |date=January 31, 2017 |accessdate=February 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202210255/http://www.azfamily.com/story/34380443/trump-breaks-precedent-files-on-first-day-as-candidate-for-re-election |archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref> Trump marked the official start of the campaign with a rally in [[Melbourne, Florida]], on February 18, 2017, less than a month after taking office.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/02/trump-kicks-off-his-2020-reelection-campaign-on-saturday/516909/ |title=Trump Kicks Off His 2020 Reelection Campaign on Saturday |last=Graham |first=David A. |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=February 15, 2017 |accessdate=February 19, 2017}}</ref> By January 2018, Trump's reelection committee had $22 million in hand,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-31/trump-s-2020-re-election-committee-has-22-1-million-in-bank |title=Trump's 2020 Re-Election Committee Has $22.1 Million in the Bank |last1=McCormick |first1=John |last2=Jacobs |first2=Jennifer |date=January 31, 2018 |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |accessdate=March 24, 2018}}</ref> and it had raised a total amount exceeding $67 million by December 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00580100/?tab=summary |title=Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. / Presidential – Principal campaign committee / Financial summary |website=[[Federal Election Commission]] |date=December 31, 2018 |access-date=February 5, 2019}}</ref>
== Presidency ==
{{Main|Presidency of Donald Trump}}
{{for timeline|Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency}}
[[File:58th Presidential Inaugural Ceremony 170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg|thumb|right|Trump during his inauguration in 2017. From left, [[Barack Obama]], [[Joe Biden]], [[Chuck Schumer]].]]
=== Early actions ===
{{See also|Presidential transition of Donald Trump|First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency}}
[[Inauguration of Donald Trump|Trump was inaugurated]] as the 45th president of the United States on January 20, 2017. During his first week in office, he signed [[List of executive actions by Donald Trump#Executive orders|six executive orders]]: interim procedures in anticipation of repealing the [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]] (Obamacare), withdrawal from the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]] negotiations, reinstatement of the [[Mexico City Policy]], unlocking the [[Keystone XL]] and [[Dakota Access Pipeline]] construction projects, reinforcing border security, and beginning the planning and design process to construct a [[Trump wall|wall along the U.S. border with Mexico]].<ref name=exec-summary>{{cite news |last=Quigley |first=Aidan |title=All of Trump's executive actions so far |url=https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2017/01/all-trump-executive-actions-000288 |accessdate=January 28, 2017 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 25, 2017}}</ref>
Upon inauguration, Trump delegated the management of his real estate business to his sons Eric and Don Jr.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/12/us/politics/eric-trump-donald-trump-jr.html |title=Trump Sons Forge Ahead Without Father, Expanding and Navigating Conflicts |first1=Eric |last1=Lipton |author1link=Eric Lipton |first2=Susanne |last2=Craig |author2link=Susanne Craig |date=February 12, 2017 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=May 7, 2017}}</ref> His daughter Ivanka resigned from the Trump Organization and moved to Washington, D.C., with her husband [[Jared Kushner]]. She serves as an assistant to the President,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2017/03/family-affair |author=V.v.B |title=Ivanka Trump's new job |date=March 31, 2017 |accessdate=April 3, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Economist]]}}</ref> and he is a [[Senior Advisor to the President of the United States|Senior Advisor]] in the White House.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Michael S. |last1=Schmidt |author1link=Michael S. Schmidt |first2=Eric |last2=Lipton |author2link=Eric Lipton |first3=Charlie |last3=Savage |author3link=Charlie Savage |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/us/politics/donald-trump-jared-kushner-justice-department.html |title=Jared Kushner, Trump's Son-in-Law, Is Cleared to Serve as Adviser |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 21, 2017 |accessdate=May 7, 2017}}</ref>
On January 31, [[Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination|Trump nominated]] U.S. Appeals Court judge [[Neil Gorsuch]] to fill the seat on the [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] previously held by Justice [[Antonin Scalia]] until his death on February 13, 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-picks-colo-appeals-court-judge-neil-gorsuch-for-supreme-court/2017/01/31/2b08a226-e55e-11e6-a547-5fb9411d332c_story.html |title=Trump picks Colo. appeals court judge Neil Gorsuch for Supreme Court |last=Barnes |first=Robert |date=January 31, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=February 1, 2017}}</ref>
=== Domestic policy ===
==== Economy and trade ====
{{Main|Economic policy of Donald Trump}}
{{See also|Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017|Trump tariffs}}
The economic expansion that began in June 2009 continued through Trump's first three years in office. Throughout his presidency, he has repeatedly and falsely characterized the economy as the best in American history.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/07/president-trumps-repeated-claim-greatest-economy-history-our-country/ |title=President Trump's repeated claim: 'The greatest economy in the history of our country' |last=Kessler |first=Glenn |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 7, 2018 |accessdate=May 27, 2019 |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist)}}</ref>
In December 2017, Trump signed the [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017]], which cut the corporate tax rate to 21 percent, lowered personal tax brackets, increased child tax credit, doubled the [[Estate tax in the United States|estate tax]] exemption to $11.2 million, and limited the state and local tax deduction to $10,000.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/15/us/politics/final-republican-tax-bill-cuts.html |title=What's in the Final Republican Tax Bill |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Wilson |last1=Andrews |first2=Alicia |last2=Parlapiano |date=December 15, 2017 |accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
[[File:Donald Trump in Ypsilanti (33998674940) (cropped2).jpg|thumb|Trump speaking to automobile workers in Michigan, March 2017]]
Trump is a skeptic of multilateral trade deals, as he believes they indirectly incentivize unfair trade practices that then tend to go unpoliced. He favors bilateral trade deals, as they allow one party to pull out if the other party is believed to be behaving unfairly. Trump favors neutral or positive balances of trade over negative balances of trade, also known as a "trade deficit". Trump adopted his current skeptical views toward trade liberalization in the 1980s, and he sharply criticized [[NAFTA]] during the Republican primary campaign in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schlesinger |first=Jacob M. |title=Trump Forged His Ideas on Trade in the 1980s – And Never Deviated |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-forged-his-ideas-on-trade-in-the-1980sand-never-deviated-1542304508 |date=November 15, 2018 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |accessdate=November 15, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-lays-out-protectionist-views-in-trade-speech-1467145538 |title=Donald Trump Lays Out Protectionist Views in Trade Speech |last=Epstein |first=Reid J. |date=June 28, 2016 |last2=Nelson |first2=Colleen McCain |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] {{subscription required}} |accessdate=July 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-calls-nafta-a-disaster/ |title=Trump calls NAFTA a "disaster" |date=September 25, 2015 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> He withdrew the U.S. from the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]] (TPP) negotiations,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/23/politics/trump-tpp-things-to-know/index.html |title=Trump's TPP withdrawal: 5 things to know |last=Bradner |first=Eric |date=January 23, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref> imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum imports,<ref name=Inman>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/10/war-over-steel-trump-tips-global-trade-turmoil-tariffs |title=The war over steel: Trump tips global trade into new turmoil |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=March 10, 2018 |accessdate=March 15, 2018 |last=Inman |first=Phillip}}</ref> and launched a [[China–United States trade war|trade war]] with China by sharply increasing tariffs on 818 categories (worth $50 billion) of Chinese goods imported into the U.S.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/01/07/donald-trump-says-he-favors-big-tariffs-on-chinese-exports/ |title=Donald Trump Says He Favors Big Tariffs on Chinese Exports |last=Haberman |first=Maggie |authorlink=Maggie Haberman |date=January 7, 2016 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 22, 2016}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-ministry/trump-sets-tariffs-on-50-billion-in-chinese-goods-beijing-strikes-back-idUSKBN1JB0KC |title=Trump sets tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese goods; Beijing strikes |date=June 16, 2018 |work=[[Reuters]] |first1=David |last1=Lawder |first2=Ben |last2=Blanchard}}</ref> On several occasions, Trump has said incorrectly that these import tariffs are paid by China into the [[U.S. Treasury]].<ref name="Newburger-190512">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/12/kudlow-says-us-will-pay-for-china-tariffs-contradicting-trump.html |title=Kudlow acknowledges US will pay for China tariffs, contradicting Trump |website=[[CNBC]] |date=May 12, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Emma |last=Newburger}}</ref>
==== Energy and climate ====
{{Main|Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration}}
Trump rejects the [[scientific consensus on climate change]].<ref name="ParkerDavenport">{{cite news |first1=Ashley |last1=Parker |author1link=Ashley Parker |first2=Coral |last2=Davenport |title=Donald Trump's Energy Plan: More Fossil Fuels and Fewer Rules |date=May 26, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/27/us/politics/donald-trump-global-warming-energy-policy.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Jason |last=Samenow |authorlink=Jason Samenow |title=Donald Trump's unsettling nonsense on weather and climate |date=March 22, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2016/03/22/donald-trumps-unsettling-nonsense-on-weather-and-climate}}</ref> Since his election Trump has made large budget cuts to programs that research renewable energy and has rolled back Obama-era policies directed at curbing climate change.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump proposes cuts to climate and clean-energy programs |url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/03/how-trump-is-changing-science-environment |date=February 12, 2018 |website=[[National Geographic Society]] |accessdate=May 27, 2018 |first1=Michael |last1=Greshko |first2=Laura |last2=Parker |first3=Brian Clark |last3=Howard |first4=Daniel |last4=Stone |first5=Alejandra |last5=Borunda |first6=Sarah |last6=Gibbens}}</ref> In June 2017, Trump announced [[United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement|the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement]], making the U.S. the only nation in the world to not ratify the agreement.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dennis |first=Brandy |title=As Syria embraces Paris climate deal, it's the United States against the world |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/07/as-syria-embraces-paris-climate-deal-its-the-united-states-against-the-world |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=May 28, 2018}}</ref> At the [[2019 G7 summit]], Trump skipped the sessions on climate change but said afterward during a press conference that he is an environmentalist.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Teirstein |first1=Zoya |title=Donald 'I'm an environmentalist' Trump skips G7 climate meeting |url=https://grist.org/article/donald-im-an-environmentalist-trump-skips-g7-climate-meeting/ |website=[[Grist (magazine)|Grist]] |date=August 26, 2019 |accessdate=August 27, 2019}}</ref>
Trump has rolled back federal regulations aimed at curbing [[greenhouse gas]] emissions, air pollution, water pollution, and the usage of toxic substances. He relaxed environmental standards for federal infrastructure projects, while expanding permitted areas for drilling and resource extraction. Trump also weakened protections for animals.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Popovich |first1=Nadja |last2=Albeck-Ripka |first2=Livia |last3=Pierre-Louis |first3=Kendra |title=85 Environmental Rules Being Rolled Back Under Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/climate/trump-environment-rollbacks.html |accessdate=December 14, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 12, 2019}}</ref> Trump's energy policies aimed to boost the production and exports of coal, oil, and natural gas.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gardner |first1=Timothy |title=Senate confirms Brouillette, former Ford lobbyist, as energy secretary |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-energy-brouillette/senate-confirms-brouillette-former-ford-lobbyist-as-energy-secretary-idUSKBN1Y62E6 |accessdate=December 15, 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=December 3, 2019}}</ref>
==== Government size and deregulation ====
Trump's early policies have favored [[deregulation|rollback and dismantling of government regulations]]. He has signed 15 [[Congressional Review Act]] disapproval resolutions to allow Congress to repeal executive regulations, the second President to sign any such resolutions after the first CRA resolution was passed in 2001, and the first President to sign more than one such resolution.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Adriance |first=Sam |title=President Trump Signs First Congressional Review Act Disapproval Resolution in 16 Years |url=https://www.natlawreview.com/article/president-trump-signs-first-congressional-review-act-disapproval-resolution-16-years |date=February 16, 2017 |magazine=[[The National Law Review]] |accessdate=March 8, 2017}}</ref> During his first six weeks in office, he delayed, suspended or reversed ninety federal regulations.<ref>{{cite news |last=Farand |first=Chloe |title=Donald Trump Disassembles 90 Federal State Regulations in Just Over a Month in White House |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-federal-state-regulations-month-oval-office-white-house-us-president-deregulate-a7614031.html |date=March 6, 2017 |work=[[The Independent]] |accessdate=March 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump-Era Trend: Industries Protest. Regulations Rolled Back. A Dozen Examples |url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3480299-10-Examples-Industries-Push-Followed-by-Trump.html#document/p60/a341284 |work=[[The New York Times]] |via=[[DocumentCloud]] |accessdate=March 7, 2017 |date=March 5, 2017 |quote=More than 90 Obama-era federal regulations have been revoked or delayed or enforcement has been suspended, in many cases based on requests from the industries the rules target.}}</ref>
On January 30, 2017, Trump signed [[Executive Order 13771]], which directed administrative agencies to repeal two existing regulations for every new regulation they issue.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Signs Executive Order to Drastically Cut Federal Regs |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/01/30/trump-signs-executive-order-to-drastically-cut-federal-regs.html |date=January 30, 2017 |website=[[Fox News]] |accessdate=March 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=The White House, Office of the Press Secretary |author1link=White House Office of the Press Secretary |title=Presidential Executive Order on Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/30/presidential-executive-order-reducing-regulation-and-controlling |accessdate=May 16, 2017 |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> Agency defenders expressed opposition to Trump's criticisms, saying the bureaucracy exists to protect people against well-organized, well-funded interest groups.<ref name="mcalabresi">{{cite news |last=Calabresi |first=Massimo |title=Inside Donald Trump's War against the State |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=March 9, 2017 |url=https://time.com/4696428/donald-trump-war-state-government/ |quote=Staffed by experts who oversee an open governmental process, they say, the federal bureaucracy exists to protect those who would otherwise be at the mercy of better-organized, better-funded interests.}}</ref>
==== Health care ====
During his campaign, Trump repeatedly vowed to repeal and replace [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]] (ACA or "Obamacare").<ref name="Kodjak">{{cite news |last=Kodjak |first=Alison |authorlink=Alison Kodjak |title=Trump Can Kill Obamacare With Or Without Help From Congress |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/09/501203831/trump-can-kill-obamacare-with-or-without-help-from-congress |accessdate=January 12, 2017 |work=[[All Things Considered]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=November 9, 2016}}</ref> Shortly after taking office, he urged Congress to repeal and replace it. In May of that year, the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] voted to repeal it.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/331937-house-passes-obamacare-repeal |title=House passes Obamacare repeal |last=Sullivan |first=Peter |date=May 4, 2017 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=July 31, 2017}}</ref> His first action as President was [[Executive Order 13765]], which increased flexibility "to the maximum extent permitted by law" for the Cabinet to issue waivers, deferrals, and exemptions for the law while attempting to give states more flexibility.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/20/us/politics/trump-executive-order-obamacare.html |title=Trump Issues Executive Order Scaling Back Parts of Obamacare |last=Davis |first=Julie Hirschfeld |author1link=Julie Hirschfeld Davis |last2=Pear |first2=Robert |author2link=Robert Pear |date=January 20, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=January 23, 2017}}</ref> [[Executive Order 13813]] was subsequently issued, designed to reduce regulations imposed under Obamacare by increasing competition.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2017/10/12/news/economy/trump-health-care-executive-order/ |title=What's in Trump's health care executive order? |first=Tami |last=Luhby |work=[[CNN]] |date=October 13, 2017 |accessdate=October 14, 2017}}</ref> Trump has expressed a desire to "let Obamacare fail", and the Trump administration has cut the ACA [[Annual enrollment|enrollment period]] in half and drastically reduced funding for advertising and other ways to encourage enrollment.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/07/18/trump-tweet-obamacare-repeal-failure-240664 |title=Trump says he plans to 'let Obamacare fail' |last=Nelson |first=Louis |date=July 18, 2017 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Jeffrey">{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/trump-obamacare-sabotage-enrollment-cuts_us_59a87bffe4b0b5e530fd5751 |title=Trump Ramps Up Obamacare Sabotage With Huge Cuts To Enrollment Programs |last=Young |first=Jeffrey |date=August 31, 2017 |work=[[HuffPost]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/31/trump-obamacare-outreach-cuts-242225 |title=Trump administration slashes Obamacare outreach |last=Pradhan |first=Rachana |date=August 31, 2017 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref> The [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017|2017 tax bill]] effectively repealed the ACA's [[Individual shared responsibility provision|individual health insurance mandate]] in 2019,<ref>{{cite news |first=Robert |last=Pear |author1link=Robert Pear |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/18/us/politics/tax-cut-obamacare-individual-mandate-repeal.html |title=Without the Insurance Mandate, Health Care's Future May Be in Doubt |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Sullivan |url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/362838-senate-gop-repeals-obamacare-mandate |title=Senate GOP repeals ObamaCare mandate |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=December 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Health Affairs]] |date=December 20, 2017 |first=Timothy |last=Jost |authorlink=Timothy Jost |title=The Tax Bill And The Individual Mandate: What Happened, And What Does It Mean? |url=https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20171220.323429/full/ |doi=10.1377/hblog20171220.323429 |doi-broken-date=2020-03-06}}</ref> and a budget bill Trump signed in 2019 repealed the [[Cadillac insurance plan|Cadillac plan tax]], medical device tax, and [[tanning tax]].<ref name=CadillacRepealed>{{cite news |url=https://www.hrdive.com/news/trump-signs-bill-repealing-aca-cadillac-tax-granting-relief-for-employer/569551/ |work=HR Dive |first=Ryan |last=Golden |date=December 23, 2019 |accessdate=December 24, 2019 |title=Trump signs bill repealing ACA Cadillac tax, granting 'relief' for employers}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/1865/text |publisher=Congress.gov |title=Text – H.R.1865 – 116th Congress (2019-2020): Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020}}</ref> As president, Trump has falsely claimed he saved the coverage of pre-existing conditions provided by ACA, while his administration declined to challenge a lawsuit that would eliminate it.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politifact.com/health-check/statements/2020/jan/15/donald-trump/trumps-claim-he-saved-pre-ex-conditions-part-fanta/ |title=Trump's pre-ex claim 'part fantasty, part delusion' |website=[[PolitiFact]] |accessdate=January 24, 2020}}</ref> As a 2016 candidate, Trump promised to protect funding for Medicare and other social safety-net programs, but in January 2020 he suggested he was willing to consider cuts to such programs.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/22/us/politics/medicare-trump.html |title=Trump Opens Door to Cuts to Medicare and Other Entitlement Programs |first1=Alan |last1=Rappeport |author1link=Alan Rappeport |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman |date=January 22, 2020 |accessdate=January 24, 2020 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
==== Social issues ====
{{Main|Social policy of Donald Trump}}
Trump favored modifying the 2016 Republican platform opposing abortion, to allow for exceptions in cases of rape, incest, and circumstances endangering the health of the mother.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/ |title=Trump: I would change GOP platform on abortion |last=Wright |first=David |date=April 21, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> He has said he is committed to appointing [[pro-life]] justices.<ref name="60min" /> He says he personally supports "traditional marriage"<ref name="MEhren2">{{cite news |first=Max |last=Ehrenfreund |title=Here's what Donald Trump really believes |date=July 22, 2015 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/07/22/heres-what-donald-trump-really-believes/}}</ref> but considers the [[Same-sex marriage in the United States|nationwide legality]] of [[same-sex marriage]] a "settled" issue.<ref name="60min">{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/14/politics/trump-gay-marriage-abortion-supreme-court/ |title=Trump: Same-sex marriage is 'settled', but Roe v Wade can be changed |website=[[CNN]] |first=Ariane |last=De Vogue |date=November 15, 2016 |accessdate=November 30, 2016}}</ref> Despite the statement by Trump and the White House saying they would keep in place a 2014 executive order from the Obama administration which created federal workplace protections for LGBT people,<ref>{{cite news |last=Peters |first=Jeremy W. |authorlink=Jeremy W. Peters |title=Obama's Protections for L.G.B.T. Workers Will Remain Under Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/obama-trump-protections-lgbt-workers.html |accessdate=February 2, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> in March 2017, the Trump administration rolled back key components of the Obama administration's workplace protections for LGBT people.<ref name=NBCNews>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/lgbtq-advocates-say-trump-s-news-executive-order-makes-them-n740301 |title=LGBTQ Advocates Say Trump's New Executive Order Makes Them Vulnerable to Discrimination |website=[[NBC News]] |first=Mary Emily |last=O'Hara |access-date=July 30, 2017}}</ref>
Trump supports a broad interpretation of the [[Second Amendment to the United States Constitution|Second Amendment]] and says he is [[Gun politics in the United States|opposed]] to [[gun control]] in general,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/brief-history-donald-trumps-stance-gun-rights-461705 |title=A brief history of Donald Trump's stance on gun rights |work=[[Newsweek]] |last=Gorman |first=Michele |date=May 20, 2016}}</ref><ref name="OWSAR">{{cite web |title=Second Amendment Rights |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights |website=Donald J. Trump for President |accessdate=May 22, 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107050849/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights |archivedate=January 7, 2016 |quote=There has been a national background check system in place since 1998 ... Too many states are failing to put criminal and mental health records into the system ... What we need to do is fix the system we have and make it work as intended.}}</ref> although his views have shifted over time.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/donald-trump-gun-positions-nra-orlando/ |title=The times Trump changed his positions on guns |website=[[CNN]] |date=June 20, 2016 |first=Gregory |last=Krieg}}</ref> Trump opposes [[Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction|legalizing recreational marijuana]] but supports legalizing [[medical cannabis|medical marijuana]].<ref name="Cannabis">{{cite web |title=Donald Trump on Marijuana |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4541840/donald-trump-marijuana |website=[[C-SPAN]] |accessdate=October 17, 2018}}</ref> He favors [[Capital punishment in the United States|capital punishment]],<ref name="Cop_killers">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/10/politics/donald-trump-police-officers-death-penalty/ |title=Trump: Death penalty for cop killers |date=December 11, 2015 |website=[[CNN]] |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |authorlink=Jeremy Diamond |accessdate=March 15, 2016}}</ref><ref name="FullPageAd1989">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/01/nyregion/angered-by-attack-trump-urges-return-of-the-death-penalty.html |title=Angered by Attack, Trump Urges Return of the Death Penalty |date=May 1, 1989 |work=[[The New York Times]] |last=Foderaro |first=Lisa |accessdate=March 15, 2016}}</ref> as well as the use of [[waterboarding]] and "a hell of a lot worse" methods.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news |last=McCarthy |first=Tom |title=Donald Trump: I'd bring back 'a hell of a lot worse than waterboarding' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/feb/06/donald-trump-waterboarding-republican-debate-torture |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=February 8, 2016}}</ref><ref name="ABC News">{{cite news |title=Ted Cruz, Donald Trump Advocate Bringing Back Waterboarding |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/video/ted-cruz-donald-trump-advocate-bringing-back-waterboarding-36764410 |website=[[ABC News]] |date=February 6, 2016 |accessdate=February 9, 2016}}</ref>
====Pardons and commutation====
On 18 February 2020, Trump [[pardoned]] white-collar criminals [[Michael Milken]], [[Bernard Kerik]], and [[Edward J. DeBartolo Jr.]], and [[Commutation (law)|commuted]] former Illinois governor [[Rod Blagojevich]]'s 14-year corruption sentence.<ref name="Commutation">{{Cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |author1link=Peter Baker (journalist) |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |author2link=Maggie Haberman |last3=Shear |first3=Michael D. |author3link=Michael D. Shear |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/18/us/politics/trump-pardon-debartolo.html |title=Trump Commutes Corruption Sentence of Governor Rod Blagojevich of Illinois |date=February 18, 2020 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=February 18, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Seidel |first1=Jon |last2=Sneed |first2=Michael |last3=Sweet |first3=Lynn |author3link=Lynn Sweet |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/2020/2/18/20792391/rod-blagojevich-trump-clemency-illinois-governor-patti |title=President frees imprisoned ex-Gov. Rod Blagojevioch-now a grateful 'Trumpocrat' |date=February 19, 2020 |access-date=February 20, 2020 |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]}}</ref>
On 19 February 2020, Assange's barrister told the court that former [[Republican Party (United States)|US Republican]] congressman [[Dana Rohrabacher]] had visited Assange at the Ecuadorian embassy in August 2017 and, on instructions from President Trump, offered a pardon if Assange said that Russia had no role in the [[2016 Democratic National Committee email leak]]s. The district judge hearing the case ruled that the evidence is admissible in Assange's legal attempts to block extradition to the US. "It is a complete fabrication and a total lie", the [[White House Press Secretary]], [[Stephanie Grisham]], told reporters. "The president barely knows Dana Rohrabacher other than he's an ex-congressman. He's never spoken to him on this subject or almost any subject."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/feb/19/donald-trump-offered-julian-assange-pardon-russia-hack-wikileaks |title=Donald Trump 'offered Julian Assange a pardon if he denied Russia link to hack' |work=The Guardian |date=19 February 2020 |accessdate=19 February 2020 |author=Bowcott, Owen and Julian Borger}}</ref>
=== Immigration ===
{{Main|Immigration policy of Donald Trump}}
Trump's proposed immigration policies were a topic of bitter and contentious debate during the campaign. He promised to build [[Mexico–United States barrier|a more substantial wall]] on the [[Mexico–United States border]] to keep out [[illegal immigrants]] and vowed Mexico would pay for it.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37243269 |title=Who pays for Donald Trump's wall? |date=February 6, 2017 |work=[[BBC Online]] |accessdate=December 9, 2017}}</ref> He pledged to massively deport [[Illegal immigrant population of the United States|illegal immigrants residing in the United States]],<ref name="CBC_August29_2015">{{cite news |title=Donald Trump emphasizes plans to build 'real' wall at Mexico border |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/donald-trump-emphasizes-plans-to-build-real-wall-at-mexico-border-1.3196807 |website=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] |accessdate=September 29, 2015 |date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> and criticized [[Birthright citizenship in the United States|birthright citizenship]] for creating "[[anchor babies]]".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2015/08/donald-trump-has-some-thoughts-about-the-constitution |title=Donald Trump: The 14th Amendment is Unconstitutional |work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]] |date=August 19, 2015 |accessdate=November 22, 2015 |first=Inae |last=Oh}}</ref> He said deportation would focus on criminals, visa overstays, and security threats.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abc13.com/politics/trump-vows-no-amnesty-in-immigration-speech/1493776/ |title=Trump retreats on deportations, vows no amnesty |publisher=[[KTRK-TV]] |location=Houston, Texas |date=September 1, 2016 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |accessdate=September 2, 2016}}</ref> As president, he frequently described illegal immigration as an "invasion" and conflated immigrants with the gang [[MS-13]], though research shows undocumented immigrants have a lower crime rate than native-born Americans.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/08/08/trump-immigrants-rhetoric-criticized-el-paso-dayton-shootings/1936742001/ |title=A USA TODAY analysis found Trump used words like 'invasion' and 'killer' at rallies more than 500 times since 2017 |last=Fritze |first=John |website=[[USA Today]] |access-date=August 9, 2019 |date=August 8, 2019}}</ref>
==== Travel ban ====
{{Main|Executive Order 13769|Executive Order 13780}}
Following the [[November 2015 Paris attacks]], Trump made a controversial proposal to ban Muslim foreigners from entering the United States until stronger vetting systems could be implemented.<ref>{{cite news |first=Eugene |last=Scott |title=Trump: My Muslim friends don't support my immigration ban |date=December 13, 2015 |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/13/politics/donald-trump-muslim-ban-state-of-the-union/}}</ref><ref name=Barro>{{cite news |first=Josh |last=Barro |title=How Unpopular Is Trump's Muslim Ban? Depends How You Ask |date=December 15, 2015 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/16/upshot/how-unpopular-is-trumps-muslim-ban-depends-how-you-ask.html |quote=Donald J. Trump's proposal to bar Muslim noncitizens from entering the United States ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Jill |last1=Colvin |first2=Bill |last2=Barrow |title=Donald Trump's supporters see plenty of sense in views that his critics denounce |date=December 14, 2015 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2015-12-14/trump-supporters-shrug-off-the-fuss-say-he-gets-it |quote=He said American citizens, including Muslim members of the military, would be exempt, as would certain world leaders and athletes coming to the U.S. to compete.}}</ref> He later reframed the proposed ban to apply to countries with a "proven history of terrorism".<ref name=Scots>{{cite news |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=June 25, 2016 |first=Jenna |last=Johnson |title=Trump now says Muslim ban only applies to those from terrorism-heavy countries |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-donald-trump-muslim-ban-20160625-story.html |quote=[A] reporter asked Trump if [he] would be OK with a Muslim from Scotland coming into the United States and he said it 'wouldn't bother me'. Afterward, [spokeswoman] Hicks said in an email that Trump's ban would now just apply to Muslims in terror states ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |website=[[NPR]] |date=June 13, 2016 |first=Scott |last=Detrow |title=Trump Calls To Ban Immigration From Countries With 'Proven History Of Terrorism' |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/06/13/481910989/trump-expands-immigration-ban-to-countries-with-proven-history-of-terrorism |quote=I will suspend immigration from areas of the world where there's a proven history of terrorism against the United States, Europe or our allies until we fully understand how to end these threats.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/07/22/us/politics/trump-immigration-ban-how-could-it-work.html |title=Trump Vows to Stop Immigration From Nations 'Compromised' by Terrorism. How Could It Work? |last=Park |first=Haeyoun |date=July 22, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 25, 2016}}</ref>
On January 27, 2017, Trump signed [[Executive Order 13769]], which suspended admission of refugees for 120 days and denied entry to citizens of Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen for 90 days, citing security concerns. The order was imposed without warning and took effect immediately.<ref name="BBC.March.6.17">{{cite news |title=Trump signs new travel ban directive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39183153 |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |work=BBC News |date=March 6, 2017}}</ref> Confusion and protests caused chaos at airports.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grinberg |first1=Emanuella |last2=Park |first2=Madison |title=2nd day of protests over Trump's immigration policies |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/29/politics/us-immigration-protests/ |accessdate=March 18, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/28/airports-us-immigration-ban-muslim-countries-trump |title=US airports on frontline as Donald Trump's travel ban causes chaos and protests |date=January 28, 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=July 19, 2017}}</ref> [[Sally Yates]], the acting [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]], directed Justice Department lawyers not to defend the executive order, which she deemed unenforceable and unconstitutional;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/30/politics/donald-trump-immigration-order-department-of-justice/index.html |title=Trump fires acting AG after she declines to defend travel ban |first1=Evan |last1=Perez |first2=Jeremy |last2=Diamond |author2link=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |website=[[CNN]] |date=January 30, 2017 |accessdate=March 12, 2018}}</ref> Trump immediately dismissed her.<ref>{{cite web |title=Statement on the Appointment of Dana Boente as Acting Attorney General |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/30/statement-appointment-dana-boente-acting-attorney-general |website=The White House |accessdate=August 29, 2017 |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Fires Acting Attorney General Who Defied Him |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/trump-immigration-ban-memo.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=August 29, 2017 |date=January 30, 2017 |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Mark |last2=Landler |author2link=Mark Landler |first3=Matt |last3=Apuzzo |author3link=Matt Apuzzo |first4=Eric |last4=Lichtblau}}</ref> [[Legal challenges to Executive Orders 13769 and 13780|Multiple legal challenges]] were filed against the order, and on February{{nbsp}}5 a federal judge in Seattle blocked its implementation nationwide.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=February 4, 2017 |first1=Devlin |last1=Barrett |first2=Dan |last2=Frosch |title=Federal Judge Temporarily Halts Trump Order on Immigration, Refugees |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/legal-feud-over-trump-immigration-order-turns-to-visa-revocations-1486153216}}</ref><ref name="LiptakStands">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 5, 2017 |first=Adam |last=Liptak |authorlink=Adam Liptak |title=Where Trump's Travel Ban Stands |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/05/us/politics/trumps-travel-ban.html}}</ref> On March 6, Trump issued [[Executive Order 13780|a revised order]], which excluded Iraq, gave specific exemptions for [[Permanent residence (United States)|permanent residents]], and removed priorities for Christian minorities.<ref name="Chakraborty3/6/17">{{cite news |last=Chakraborty |first=Barnini |title=Trump Signs New Immigration Order, Narrows Scope of Travel Ban |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/03/06/trump-signs-new-immigration-order-narrows-scope-travel-ban.html |date=March 6, 2017 |website=[[Fox News]] |accessdate=March 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name="BBC.March.6.17" /> Again federal judges in three states blocked its implementation.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |date=March 15, 2017 |first1=Dan |last1=Levine |first2=Mica |last2=Rosenberg |title=Hawaii judge halts Trump's new travel ban before it can go into effect |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-court-idUSKBN16M17N}}</ref> On June 26, 2017, the [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] ruled that the ban could be enforced on visitors who lack a "credible claim of a ''bona fide'' relationship with a person or entity in the United States".<ref name="TravelBanScotus1">{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-travel-ban-supreme-court-20170626-story.html |title=Trump says Supreme Court decision on travel ban a 'clear victory for our national security' |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |first=Mark |last=Sherman |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=June 26, 2017 |accessdate=June 27, 2017}}</ref>
The temporary order was replaced by [[Presidential Proclamation 9645]] on September 24, 2017, which permanently restricts travel from the originally targeted countries except Iraq and Sudan, and further bans travelers from North Korea and Chad, along with certain Venezuelan officials.<ref name="Guardian.Oct.10.13">{{cite news |last=Laughland |first=Oliver |date=September 25, 2017 |title=Trump travel ban extended to blocks on North Korea, Venezuela and Chad |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/sep/25/trump-travel-ban-extended-to-blocks-on-north-korea-and-venezuela |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=October 13, 2017}}</ref> After lower courts partially blocked the new restrictions, the Supreme Court allowed the September version to go into full effect on December 4,<ref>{{cite news |title=Supreme Court lets Trump's latest travel ban go into full effect |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-court-immigration/supreme-court-lets-trumps-latest-travel-ban-go-into-full-effect-idUSKBN1DY2NY |first=Lawrence |last=Hurley |date=December 4, 2017 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> and ultimately upheld the travel ban in a June 2019 ruling.<ref name=Wagner>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/supreme-court-travel-ban/index.html |title=Supreme Court upholds Trump's travel ban |website=[[CNN]] |date=June 26, 2018 |accessdate=June 26, 2018 |last1=Wagner |first1=Meg |last2=Ries |first2=Brian}}</ref>
==== Family separation at border ====
{{Main|Trump administration family separation policy}}
In April 2018, Trump enacted a "[[Trump administration family separation policy|zero tolerance]]" immigration policy that temporarily took adults irregularly entering the U.S. into custody for criminal prosecution and forcibly separated children from parents, eliminating the policy of previous administrations, which had made exceptions for families with children.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/danvergano/health-effects-parent-child-separation |title=Immigrant Children Who Are Forcibly Separated From Their Parents Face Long-Term Trauma |last=Vergano |first=Dan |accessdate=June 20, 2018 |date=June 15, 2018 |work=[[BuzzFeed News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Bachega |first=Hugo |title=Separation of migrant families: What other countries do |website=[[BBC Online]] |date=June 7, 2018 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44374756}}</ref> By mid-June, more than 2,300 children had been placed in shelters, including [[Department of Health and Human Services]]-designated "tender age" shelters for children under thirteen,<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=June 20, 2018 |first1=Garance |last1=Burke |first2=Martha |last2=Mendoza |title=Toddlers Separated From Parents at the Border Are Being Detained in 'Tender Age' Shelters |accessdate=July 24, 2018 |url=http://time.com/5316764/toddler-immigrants-tender-age-shelters/ |archivedate=June 20, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620044511/http://time.com/5316764/toddler-immigrants-tender-age-shelters/}}</ref> culminating in demands from Democrats, Republicans, Trump allies, and religious groups that the policy be rescinded.<ref name=Colvin>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/5314595/donald-trump-family-separation-policy-dividing-republicans/ |title=President Trump's Family Separation Policy Is Dividing Republicans |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=June 18, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=Colvin |first=Jill |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618091110/http://time.com/5314595/donald-trump-family-separation-policy-dividing-republicans/ |archive-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Trump falsely asserted that his administration was merely following the law.<ref name=Davis>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/15/us/politics/trump-immigration-separation-border.html |title=Separated at the Border From Their Parents: In Six Weeks, 1,995 Children |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 15, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=Davis |first=Julie}}</ref><ref name=McArdle>{{cite news |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/news/white-house-blames-democrats-for-separation-of-families-at-border/ |title=White House Blames Democrats for Separation of Families at Border |website=[[National Review]] |date=June 15, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=McArdle |first=Mairead}}</ref><ref name=Sarlin>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/immigration-border-crisis/despite-claims-gop-immigration-bill-would-not-end-family-separation-n883701 |title=Despite claims, GOP immigration bill would not end family separation, experts say |website=[[NBC News]] |date=June 15, 2018 |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |last=Sarlin |first=Benjy}}</ref>
On June 20, Trump signed an executive order to end family separations at the U.S. border.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 20, 2018 |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Abby |last2=Goodnough |first3=Maggie |last3=Haberman |author3link=Maggie Haberman |title=Trump Retreats on Separating Families, but Thousands May Remain Apart |accessdate=June 20, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/20/us/politics/trump-immigration-children-executive-order.html}}</ref> On June 26 a federal judge in San Diego issued a preliminary injunction requiring the Trump administration to stop detaining immigrant parents separately from their minor children, and to reunite family groups who had been separated at the border.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/26/politics/federal-court-order-family-separations/index.html |title=Federal judge orders reunification of parents and children, end to most family separations at border |last=Jarrett |first=Laura |date=June 27, 2018 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=June 28, 2018}}</ref>
==== 2018–2019 federal government shutdown ====
[[File:Donald Trump visits San Diego border wall prototypes.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|Trump examines border wall prototypes in [[Otay Mesa, California]]]]
{{Main|2018–19 United States federal government shutdown}}
On December 22, 2018, the federal government was partially shut down after Trump declared that any funding extension must include $5.6 billion in federal funds for a [[Trump border wall|U.S.–Mexico border wall]] to partly fulfill his campaign promise.<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Julie Hirschfeld |last1=Davis |author1link=Julie Hirschfeld Davis |first2=Michael |last2=Tackett |author2link=Michael Tackett |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/02/us/politics/trump-congress-shutdown.html |title=Trump and Democrats Dig In After Talks to Reopen Government Go Nowhere |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 2, 2019 |access-date=January 3, 2019}}</ref> The shutdown was caused by a lapse in funding for nine federal departments, affecting about one-fourth of federal government activities.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wamsley |first=Laurel |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/01/09/683642605/how-is-the-shutdown-affecting-america-let-us-count-the-ways |title=How Is The Shutdown Affecting America? Let Us Count The Ways |date=January 9, 2019 |website=[[NPR]]}}</ref> Trump said he would not accept any bill that does not include funding for the wall, and Democrats, who control the House, said they would not support any bill that does. Senate Republicans have said they will not advance any legislation that Trump would not sign.<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Damian |last1=Paletta |author1link=Damian Paletta |first2=Erica |last2=Werner |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trump-falsely-claims-mexico-is-paying-for-wall-demands-taxpayer-money-before-meeting-with-top-democrats/2019/01/02/408bf86e-0e97-11e9-8938-5898adc28fa2_story.html |title=Trump falsely claims Mexico is paying for wall, demands taxpayer money for wall in meeting with Democrats |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 2, 2019 |access-date=January 3, 2019}}</ref> In earlier negotiations with Democratic leaders, Trump commented that he would be "proud to shut down the government for border security".<ref name=Nakamura-190109>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/hes-a-gut-politician-trumps-go-to-negotiating-tactics-not-working-in-shutdown-standoff/2019/01/09/c7bb5ff2-142b-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html |title='He's a gut politician': Trump's go-to negotiating tactics aren't working in shutdown standoff |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 9, 2019 |accessdate=January 10, 2019 |first1=David |last1=Nakamura |first2=Seung Min |last2=Kim}}</ref>
=== Foreign policy ===
{{Main|Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration}}
[[File:-G7Biarritz (48632299348).jpg|thumb|Trump with [[Angela Merkel]], [[Emmanuel Macron]], [[Justin Trudeau]] and other leaders at the [[45th G7 summit]] in France]]
[[File:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, King Salman of Saudi Arabia, Melania Trump, and Donald Trump, May 2017.jpg|thumb|Trump, King [[Salman of Saudi Arabia]], and Egyptian president [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] at the [[2017 Riyadh summit]] in Saudi Arabia]]
Trump has been described as a [[Non-interventionism|non-interventionist]]<ref name="Cassidy">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/donald-trump-is-transforming-the-g-o-p-into-a-populist-nativist-party |title=Donald Trump Is Transforming the G.O.P. Into a Populist, Nativist Party |last=Cassidy |first=John |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=February 29, 2016 |accessdate=March 5, 2016}}</ref><ref name="rucker">{{cite news |first1=Philip |last1=Rucker |author1link=Philip Rucker |first2=Robert |last2=Costa |author2link=Robert Costa (journalist) |title=Trump questions need for NATO, outlines noninterventionist foreign policy |date=March 21, 2016 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/}}</ref> and an [[American nationalist]].<ref name="nationalinterest.org">{{cite news |url=https://nationalinterest.org/feature/donald-trump-american-nationalist-14237 |title=Donald Trump, American Nationalist |newspaper=[[The National Interest]] |date=November 3, 2015 |first=Colin |last=Dueck}}</ref> He has repeatedly said he supports an "[[America First (policy)|America First]]" foreign policy.<ref>{{cite news |first=Christiane |last=Amanpour |authorlink=Christiane Amanpour |title=Donald Trump's speech: 'America first', but an America absent from the world |date=July 22, 2016 |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/07/22/opinions/donald-trump-speech-amanpour/}}</ref> He supports increasing United States military defense spending,<ref name="nationalinterest.org" /> but favors decreasing United States spending on [[NATO]] and in the Pacific region.<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump reveals his isolationist foreign-policy instincts |date=May 22, 2016 |website=[[The Economist]] |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2016/03/aipac-and-foreign-policy}}</ref> He says America should look inward, stop "nation building", and re-orient its resources toward domestic needs.<ref name="rucker" />
His foreign policy has been marked by repeated praise and support of [[authoritarian]] [[Strongman (politics)|strongmen]] and criticism of [[Liberal democracy|democratically-led governments]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/10/01/can-u.s.-democracy-policy-survive-trump-pub-77381 |title=Can U.S. Democracy Policy Survive Trump? |last=Carothers |first=Thomas |last2=Brown |first2=Frances Z. |date=October 1, 2019 |website=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] |access-date=October 19, 2019}}</ref> Trump has cited China's president [[Xi Jinping]],<ref>{{cite news |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=March 4, 2018 |title=US President Donald Trump praises China's Xi Jinping for consolidating grip on power |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-president-donald-trump-praises-chinas-xi-jinping-for-consolidating-grip-on-power/a-42817441}}</ref> Philippines president [[Rodrigo Duterte]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/3857619/donald-trump-praises-philippines-duterte/ |title=Donald Trump repeatedly praises Philippines' President Duterte during Asia trip |website=[[Global News]] |date=November 13, 2017 |first1=Jonathan |last1=Lemire |first2=Jill |last2=Colvin}}</ref> Egyptian president [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]],<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Independent]] |date=May 21, 2017 |first=Rachael |last=Revesz |title=Donald Trump praises Egypt President al-Sisi and plans trip to Cairo |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-praises-egypt-president-abdel-fattah-al-sisi-safety-visit-cairo-saudi-arabia-meeting-a7747171.html}}</ref> Turkey's president [[Tayyip Erdoğan]],<ref>{{cite news |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=September 21, 2017 |first1=Margaret |last1=Talev |first2=Jennifer |last2=Jacobs |title=Trump Praises Erdogan for 'High Marks' Amid Crackdown Concerns |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-09-21/trump-praises-erdogan-for-high-marks-amid-crackdown-concerns}}</ref> King [[Salman of Saudi Arabia]],<ref>{{cite news |website=[[CNBC]] |date=November 6, 2017 |first=Angelica |last=LaVito |title=Trump praises Saudi king after crackdown |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/06/trump-praises-saudi-king-after-crackdown.html}}</ref> Italy's prime minister [[Giuseppe Conte]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tpi.it/2018/06/15/trump-elogia-conte/ |title=Donal Trump elogia il premier italiano Giuseppe Conte: "È fantastico" – Video |date=June 15, 2018 |website=TPI News |first=Di Gianluigi |last=Spinaci |language=it}}</ref> Brazil's president [[Jair Bolsonaro]],<ref>{{cite news |website=[[CNBC]] |agency=[[Reuters]] |date=January 1, 2019 |title=Trump praises Brazil's new President Bolsonaro after he vowed to 'strengthen democracy' |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/01/trump-praises-brazils-new-president-bolsonaro-after-he-vowed-to-strengthen-democracy-.html}}</ref> Indian prime minister [[Narendra Modi]],<ref name="wapost-modi">{{cite news |title=In India, Trump validates Modi's divisive agenda |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/02/24/india-trump-validates-modis-divisive-agenda/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 24, 2020}}</ref> and Hungarian prime minister [[Viktor Orbán]] as examples of good leaders.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/03/trump-xi-jinping-dictators/554810/ |title=Nine Notorious Dictators, Nine Shout-Outs From Donald Trump |first=Krishnadev |last=Calamur |date=March 4, 2018 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Trump has also praised Poland under the EU-skeptic, anti-immigrant [[Law and Justice]] party (PiS) as a defender of Western civilization.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amid protests, Polish leader puts brakes on judicial shakeup |url=https://www.apnews.com/661a8708f4454d6ab3a0d11e7d896c7e |website=[[AP News]] |date=July 24, 2017 |first=Vanessa |last=Gera}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump praised Poland as a defender of the West. But their democracy is unraveling |url=https://www.vox.com/world/2017/7/20/16003480/poland-supreme-court-democracy-trump |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=July 20, 2017 |first=Lindsay |last=Maizland}}</ref>
==== ISIS and war ====
In April 2017, Trump ordered a [[2017 Shayrat missile strike|missile strike]] against a Syrian airfield in retaliation for the [[Khan Shaykhun chemical attack]].<ref name="bbcnewssyriawartrumpsmissilestrike">{{cite news |title=Syria war: Trump's missile strike attracts US praise – and barbs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39529605 |accessdate=April 8, 2017 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=April 7, 2017}}</ref> According to investigative journalist [[Bob Woodward]], Trump had ordered his defense secretary James Mattis to assassinate [[President of Syria|Syrian president]] [[Bashar al-Assad]] after the chemical attack, but Mattis declined; Trump denied doing so.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump denies he wanted Syria leader killed |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45425413 |accessdate=December 20, 2018 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=September 5, 2018}}</ref> In April 2018, he announced [[2018 bombing of Damascus and Homs|missile strikes]] against Assad's regime, following a suspected chemical attack near [[Damascus]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/us-strikes-syria-after-suspected-chemical-attack-by-assad-regime |first=Kathleen |last=Joyce |title=US strikes Syria after suspected chemical attack by Assad regime |date=April 14, 2018 |website=[[Fox News]] |accessdate=April 14, 2018}}</ref>
In December 2018, Trump declared "we have won against ISIS," and ordered the withdrawal of all troops from Syria, contradicting Department of Defense assessments.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/19/us/politics/trump-syria-turkey-troop-withdrawal.html |title=Trump withdraws U.S. Forces From Syria, Declaring 'We Have Won Against ISIS' |first1=Mark |last1=Landler |author1link=Mark Landler |first2=Helene |last2=Cooper |author2link=Helene Cooper |first3=Eric |last3=Schmitt |author3link=Eric P. Schmitt |date=December 19, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=December 31, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Syria conflict: Trump's withdrawal plan shocks allies |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46628811 |accessdate=December 20, 2018 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=December 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |author1link=Julian Borger |last2=Chulov |first2=Martin |title=Trump shocks allies and advisers with plan to pull US troops out of Syria |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/dec/19/us-troops-syria-withdrawal-trump |accessdate=December 20, 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=December 20, 2018}}</ref> Mattis resigned the next day over disagreements in foreign policy, calling this decision an abandonment of [[Rojava|Kurd allies]] who had played a key role in fighting ISIS.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cooper |first=Helene |authorlink=Helene Cooper |title=Jim Mattis, Defense Secretary, Resigns in Rebuke of Trump's Worldview |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/20/us/politics/jim-mattis-defense-secretary-trump.html |accessdate=December 21, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 20, 2018}}</ref> One week after his announcement, Trump said he would not approve any extension of the American deployment in Syria.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 6, 2019 |first=Karoun |last=Demirjian |authorlink=Karoun Demirjian |title=Contradicting Trump, Bolton says no withdrawal from Syria until ISIS destroyed, Kurds' safety guaranteed |accessdate=January 6, 2019 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/bolton-promises-no-troop-withdrawal-from-syria-until-isis-contained-kurds-safety-guaranteed/2019/01/06/ee219bba-11c5-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html}}</ref> On January 6, 2019, national security advisor [[John Bolton]] announced America would remain in Syria until ISIS is eradicated and Turkey guarantees it will not strike America's Kurdish allies.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 6, 2019 |first1=David E. |last1=Sanger |author1link=David E. Sanger |first2=Noah |last2=Weiland |first3=Eric |last3=Schmitt |author3link=Eric P. Schmitt |title=Bolton Puts Conditions on Syria Withdrawal, Suggesting a Delay of Months or Years |accessdate=January 6, 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/06/world/middleeast/bolton-syria-pullout.html}}</ref>
Trump actively supported the [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]] against the [[Houthis]] and signed a $110 billion agreement to sell arms to Saudi Arabia.<ref name="prince">{{cite news |title=Trump praises arms sales as he meets Saudi crown prince |url=https://www.ft.com/content/94204940-2c47-11e8-9b4b-bc4b9f08f381 |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=March 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Senate Votes Down Ending Trump's Support for Saudi-led War in Yemen |url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/senate-votes-down-ending-trump-s-support-for-saudi-led-war-in-yemen-1.5931874 |work=[[Haaretz]] |date=May 21, 2018}}</ref><ref name=Phelps-170520>{{cite news |title=Trump signs $110 billion arms deal with Saudi Arabia on 'a tremendous day' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-signs-110-billion-arms-deal-saudi-arabia/story?id=47531180 |website=[[ABC News]] |date=May 20, 2017 |accessdate=July 6, 2018 |first1=Jordyn |last1=Phelps |first2=Ryan |last2=Struyk}}</ref> Trump also praised his relationship with [[Saudi Arabia]]'s powerful Crown Prince [[Mohammad bin Salman]].<ref name="prince"/>
U.S. troop numbers in [[Afghanistan]] increased from 8,500 to 14,000, {{as of|2017|1|lc=y}},<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jaffe |first1=Greg |last2=Ryan |first2=Missy |author2link=Missy Ryan |title=Up to 1,000 more U.S. troops could be headed to Afghanistan this spring |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/up-to-1000-more-us-troops-could-be-headed-to-afghanistan-this-spring/2018/01/21/153930b6-fd1b-11e7-a46b-a3614530bd87_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 21, 2018}}</ref> reversing Trump's pre-election position critical of further involvement in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gordon |first1=Michael R. |author1link=Michael R. Gordon |last2=Schmitt |first2=Eric |author2link=Eric P. Schmitt |last3=Haberman |first3=Maggie |author3link=Maggie Haberman |title=Trump Settles on Afghan Strategy Expected to Raise Troop Levels |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/20/world/asia/trump-afghanistan-strategy-mattis.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 20, 2017}}</ref> U.S. officials said then that they aimed to "force the Taliban to negotiate a political settlement"; in January 2018, however, Trump spoke against talks with the Taliban.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rampton |first1=Roberta |last2=Landay |first2=Jonathan |title=Trump rejects peace talks with Taliban in departure from Afghan strategy |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-blast-trump/trump-rejects-peace-talks-with-taliban-in-departure-from-afghan-strategy-idUSKBN1FI2BU |work=[[Reuters]] |date=January 29, 2018}}</ref>
[[File:President Trump Meets with the President of Turkey (49060819653).jpg|thumb|Trump with Turkish president Erdoğan in November 2019]]
In October 2019, after Trump spoke to Turkish president [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]], the White House acknowledged that Turkey would be carrying out a planned military offensive into northern Syria; as such, [[American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War|U.S. troops in northern Syria]] were withdrawn from the area to avoid interference with that operation. The statement also passed responsibility for the area's captured ISIS fighters to Turkey.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chappell |first1=Bill |last2=Neuman |first2=Scott |title=In Major Policy Shift, U.S. Will Stand Aside As Turkish Forces Extend Reach In Syria |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/10/07/767777899/in-major-policy-shift-u-s-will-stand-aside-as-turkish-forces-extend-reach-in-syr |accessdate=October 11, 2019 |work=[[NPR]] |date=October 7, 2019}}</ref> In the following days, Trump suggested that the Kurds intentionally released ISIS prisoners in order to gain sympathy, suggested that they were fighting only for their own financial interests, suggested that some of them were worse than ISIS, and termed them "no angels".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/world/middleeast/trump-erdogan-turkey-syria-kurds.html |title=Trump Lashes Out on Syria as Republicans Rebuke Him in House Vote |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |author1link=Peter Baker (journalist) |last2=Edmondson |first2=Catie |date=October 16, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 20, 2019}}</ref>
Congress members of both parties denounced the move, including Republican allies of Trump such as Senator [[Lindsey Graham]]. They argued that the move betrayed the American-allied [[Kurds in Syria|Kurds]], and would benefit ISIS, Turkey, Russia, Iran, and Bashar al-Assad's Syrian regime.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/07/trump-turkey-syria-invasion-037052 |title=Republicans unload on Trump for Syria shift when he needs them most |last=Forgey |first=Quint |date=October 7, 2019 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=October 7, 2019}}</ref> Trump defended the move, citing the high cost of supporting the Kurds, and the lack of support from the Kurds in past U.S. wars.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/white-house-turkey-military-operation-northern-syria-191007034354242.html |title=US troops start pullout in Syria as Turkey prepares operation |website=[[Al Jazeera]] |access-date=October 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Trump defends Syria decision by saying Kurds 'didn't help us with Normandy' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/oct/09/trump-syria-kurds-normandy |accessdate=October 10, 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=October 9, 2019}}</ref> After the U.S. pullout, [[2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria|Turkey proceeded to attack Kurdish-controlled areas in northeastern Syria]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Turkey Syria offensive: Tens of thousands flee homes |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50008418 |accessdate=October 11, 2019 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=October 10, 2019}}</ref> On October 16, the United States House of Representatives, in a rare bipartisan vote of 354 to 60, "condemned" Trump's withdrawal of U.S. troops from Syria for "abandoning U.S. allies, undermining the struggle against ISIS, and spurring a humanitarian catastrophe".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/16/house-condemns-trumps-syria-pull-out-000286 |title=House condemns Trump's Syria withdrawal |last=O'Brien |first=Connor |date=October 16, 2019 |website=[[Politico]] |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/us/politics/house-vote-trump-syria.html |title=In Bipartisan Rebuke, House Majority Condemns Trump for Syria Withdrawal |last=Edmondson |first=Catie |date=October 16, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref>
==== Iran ====
{{see also|Iran–United States relations#2017–present: Trump administration | United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis}}
Trump has described the regime in Iran as "the rogue regime", although he has also asserted he does not seek regime change.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Weiler |first1=Yuram Abdullah |title=What is Basij and how does it function against U.S. and Zionism? |url=http://english.khamenei.ir/news/5306/What-is-Basij-and-how-does-it-function-against-U-S-and-Zionism |website=Khamenei.ir |accessdate=February 6, 2019 |date=December 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 27, 2019 |first=Michael |last=Kranish |authorlink=Michael Kranish |title=Trump says he is not seeking 'regime change' in Iran |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-says-he-is-not-seeking-regime-change-in-iran/2019/05/27/94d3053a-808d-11e9-933d-7501070ee669_story.html}}</ref> He has repeatedly criticized the [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action]] (JCPOA or "Iran nuclear deal") that was negotiated with the United States, Iran, and five other world powers in 2015, calling it "terrible" and saying the Obama administration had negotiated the agreement "from desperation".<ref name="KatyTurIranInterview">{{cite news |website=[[NBC News]] |date=July 14, 2015 |first=Katy |last=Tur |authorlink=Katy Tur |title=Donald Trump Weighs in on Iran Deal |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/donald-trump-weighs-iran-deal-n391926}}</ref><ref name="AP180508"/><ref>{{cite news |first=Igor |last=Bobic |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-iran-deal_55d0a844e4b0ab468d9d907e |title=Donald Trump Would Not Rip Up The Iran Deal |work=[[HuffPost]] |date=August 16, 2015 |accessdate=August 17, 2019}}</ref>
Following Iran's ballistic missile tests on January 29, 2017, the Trump administration imposed sanctions on 25 Iranian individuals and entities in February 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |author1link=Julian Borger |last2=Smith |first2=David |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/01/iran-trump-michael-flynn-on-notice |title=Trump administration 'officially putting Iran on notice', says Michael Flynn |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=February 2, 2017 |accessdate=November 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump administration tightens Iran sanctions, Tehran hits back |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-usa-idUSKBN15H253 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=February 3, 2016 |last=Torbati |first=Yeganeh}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |author1link=Julian Borger |last2=Smith |first2=David |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/03/trump-administration-iran-sanctions |title=Trump administration imposes new sanctions on Iran |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=February 3, 2017 |accessdate=November 9, 2018}}</ref> Trump reportedly lobbied "dozens" of European officials against doing business with Iran during the May [[2017 Brussels summit]]; this likely violated the terms of the JCPOA, under which the U.S. may not pursue "any policy specifically intended to directly and adversely affect the normalization of trade and economic relations with Iran". The Trump administration certified in July 2017 that Iran had upheld its end of the agreement.<ref>{{cite news |last=Aleem |first=Zeeshan |url=https://www.vox.com/2017/7/21/16003746/trump-iran-deal-zarif |title=Iran says the US is violating the nuclear deal. It has a point |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=July 21, 2017 |accessdate=July 22, 2017}}</ref> On August 2, 2017, Trump signed into law the [[Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act]] (CAATSA) that grouped together [[United States sanctions against Iran|sanctions against Iran]], Russia, and North Korea.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-usa-sanctions-idUSKBN1AI2N0 |title=Iran says new U.S. sanctions violate nuclear deal, vows 'proportional reaction' |website=[[Reuters]] |date=August 2, 2017}}</ref> On May 18, 2018, Trump announced [[United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|the United States' unilateral departure]] from the JCPOA.<ref name="AP180508">{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/cead755353a1455bbef08ef289448994/Trump-decides-to-exit-nuclear-accord-with-Iran |title=Trump declares US leaving 'horrible' Iran nuclear accord |last=Lederman |first=Josh |date=May 8, 2018 |website=[[AP News]] |accessdate=May 8, 2018}}</ref>
In May 2017, strained relations between the U.S. and Iran escalated when Trump deployed military bombers and a carrier group to the Persian Gulf. Trump hinted at war on social media, provoking a response from Iran for what Iranian foreign minister [[Javad Zarif]] called "genocidal taunts".<ref name=Budryk-190519>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/444502-trump-i-will-not-let-iran-have-nuclear-weapons |title=Trump: 'I will not let Iran have nuclear weapons' |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=May 19, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Zack |last=Budryk}}</ref><ref name=Chamberlain-190519>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-war-iran-never-threaten-united-states |title=Trump says war will mean 'official end of Iran', warns 'never threaten the United States again' |work=[[Fox News]] |date=May 19, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Samuel |last=Chamberlain}}</ref><ref name=Wintour-190520>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/20/iran-trump-tweet-genocidal-taunts |title=Iran hits back at Trump for tweeting 'genocidal taunts' |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=May 20, 2019 |accessdate=May 20, 2019 |first=Patrick |last=Wintour}}</ref> Trump and Saudi Crown Prince [[Mohammad bin Salman]] are allies in the [[Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict|conflict with Iran]].<ref>{{cite news |title=U.S. Tells Saudi Arabia Oil Attacks Were Launched From Iran |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-tells-saudi-arabia-oil-attacks-were-launched-from-iran-11568644126 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=September 17, 2019 |first1=Dion |last1=Nissenbaum |first2=Summer |last2=Said |first3=Jared |last3=Malsin}}</ref> Trump approved the deployment of additional U.S. troops to Saudi Arabia and the [[United Arab Emirates]] following the [[2019 Abqaiq–Khurais attack|attack on Saudi oil facilities]] which the United States has blamed on Iran.<ref>{{cite news |title=US to deploy more troops to Saudi Arabia after attack on oil industry |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/sep/20/us-troops-saudia-arabia-iran-oil-industry-attack |work=The Guardian |date=September 21, 2019}}</ref> He also ordered [[2020 Baghdad International Airport airstrike|a targeted U.S. airstrike]] on January 2, 2020, which killed Iranian [[Major general|Major General]] and [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]] [[Quds Force]] commander [[Qasem Soleimani]] and Iraqi [[Popular Mobilization Forces]] commander [[Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis]], as well as eight other people.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/02/world/middleeast/qassem-soleimani-iraq-iran-attack.html |title=U.S. Strike in Iraq Kills Qassim Suleimani, Commander of Iranian Forces |last1=Crowley |first1=Michael |author1link=Michael Crowley (journalist) |last2=Hassan |first2=Falih |last3=Schmitt |first3=Eric |author3link=Eric P. Schmitt |date=2020-01-02 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2020-01-03}}</ref> Trump publicly threatened to attack Iranian cultural sites if Iran retaliated; such an attack by the U.S. would violate international law.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=David |title=Suleimani killing: Donald Trump defends threat to hit cultural sites in Iran |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/06/suleimani-killing-donald-trump-defends-threat-to-hit-cultural-sites-in-iran |accessdate=January 6, 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=January 6, 2020}}</ref> On January 8, 2020, the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]] launched [[2020 Iranian attack on U.S. forces in Iraq|multiple ballistic missiles]] on two U.S. airbases in [[Iraq]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran attack: Missiles fired at US forces in Iraq |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-middle-east-51029181 |website=[[BBC]] |accessdate=8 January 2020}}</ref>
==== Israel ====
{{see also|Israel–United States relations#Trump administration (2017–present)}}
[[File:President Trump visit to Israel May 22-23, 2017 DSC 3982F (34847749905).jpg|thumb|Trump and Israeli prime minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] at [[Yad Vashem]], May 2017]]
Trump has supported the policies of Israeli Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-how-trump-and-netanyahu-became-each-other-s-most-effective-political-weapon-1.7569757 |title=How Trump and Netanyahu Became Each Other's Most Effective Political Weapon |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |first=Allison Kaplan |last=Sommer |date=July 25, 2019 |access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref> He officially [[United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel|recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel]] on December 6, 2017, despite criticism and warnings from world leaders. He subsequently opened a new U.S. embassy in [[Jerusalem]] in May 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/06/trump-move-embassy-jerusalem-israel-reaction-281973 |last1=Nelson |first1=Louis |last2=Nussbaum |first2=Matthew |title=Trump says U.S. recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's capital, despite global condemnation |website=[[Politico]] |date=December 6, 2017 |accessdate=December 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[Ynetnews]] |title=US Embassy opens in Jerusalem: 'When Trump makes a promise, he keeps it' |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5260407,00.html |accessdate=July 25, 2018 |date=May 14, 2018}}</ref> The [[United Nations General Assembly]] condemned the move, adopting a resolution that "calls upon all States to refrain from the establishment of diplomatic missions in the Holy City of Jerusalem".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/ES-10/L.22&Submit=Search&Lang=E |title=Illegal Israeli actions in Occupied East Jerusalem and the rest of the Occupied Palestinian Territory – Turkey and Yemen: draft resolution – Status of Jerusalem |website=[[United Nations General Assembly]] |date=December 19, 2017 |accessdate=December 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/21/world/middleeast/trump-jerusalem-united-nations.html |title=Defying Trump, U.N. General Assembly Condemns U.S. Decree on Jerusalem |first=Rick |last=Gladstone |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 21, 2017 |accessdate=December 21, 2017}}</ref> In March 2019, Trump reversed decades of U.S. policy by [[United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel|recognizing]] [[Golan Heights Law|Israel's annexation]] of the [[Golan Heights]],<ref>{{cite news |title='The jungle is back.' With his Golan Heights tweet, Trump emboldens the annexation agendas of the world's strongmen |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-the-jungle-is-back-with-his-golan-heights-tweet-trump-will/ |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |date=March 22, 2019 |first=Mark |last=MacKinnon |authorlink=Mark MacKinnon}}</ref> a move condemned by the [[European Union]] and the [[Arab League]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Outcry as Trump backs Israeli sovereignty over Golan Heights |url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/03/22/outcry-as-trump-backs-israeli-sovereignty-over-golan-heights |website=[[Euronews]] |date=March 22, 2019 |first=Natalie |last=Huet |agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>
==== China ====
{{See also|China–United States relations#Trump's presidency (2017–)|China–United States trade war}}
Before and during his presidency, Trump has repeatedly accused China of taking unfair advantage of the U.S.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-idUSKCN1UX1WO |title=Trump says China is 'killing us with unfair trade deals' |date=August 7, 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=August 24, 2019 |first1=Nandita |last1=Bose |first2=Andrea |last2=Shalal}}</ref> During his presidency, Trump has [[China–United States trade war|launched a trade war against China]], sanctioned [[Huawei]] for its alleged ties to Iran,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2019/05/21/huawei-why-facing-sanctions-and-who-get-hurt-most/3750738002/ |title=Huawei sanctions: Who gets hurt in dispute? |website=[[USA Today]] |access-date=August 24, 2019 |first1=Frank |last1=Bajak |first2=Michael |last2=Liedtke}}</ref> significantly increased visa restrictions on Chinese nationality students and scholars<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://time.com/5600299/donald-trump-china-trade-war-students/ |title=Trump's Next Trade War Target: Chinese Students in the U.S. |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/04/25/716032871/visas-are-the-newest-weapon-in-u-s-china-rivalry |title=Visas Are The Newest Weapon In U.S.-China Rivalry |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=April 25, 2019 |access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref> and classified China as a "[[currency manipulator]]".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/06/trade-war-china-responds-to-us-after-claim-of-being-a-currency-manipulator.html |title=China responds to US after Treasury designates Beijing a 'currency manipulator' |last=Meredith |first=Sam |date=August 6, 2019 |publisher=[[CNBC]] |access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> In the wake of the significant deterioration of relations, many political observers have warned against a [[Second Cold War|new cold war]] between China and the U.S.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a3062586-a9ac-11e9-984c-fac8325aaa04 |title=Getting acclimatised to the US–China cold war |website=[[Financial Times]] |access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3022587/china-us-cold-war-inevitable-chinese-analysts-say-it-cant-be |title=Is China–US cold war inevitable? Chinese analysts say it can't be ruled out |date=August 14, 2019 |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/cold-war-africa-190630102044847.html |title=A new cold war in Africa |last=Maru |first=Mehari Taddele |website=www.aljazeera.com |access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref>
==== North Korea ====
{{See also|North Korea–United States relations}}
[[File:Kim and Trump shaking hands at the red carpet during the DPRK–USA Singapore Summit.jpg|thumb|Trump meets [[Kim Jong-un]] at [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|the Singapore summit]], June 2018.]]
In 2017, North Korea's nuclear weapons became increasingly seen as a serious threat to the United States.<ref name="scarier">{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Adam |last2=Meko |first2=Tim |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/12/21/what-made-north-koreas-weapons-programs-so-much-scarier-in-2017/ |title=What made North Korea's weapons programs so much scarier in 2017 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 21, 2017 |access-date=July 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/29/asia/north-korea-intercontinental-ballistic-missile-test/index.html |title=US slams North Korea missile test as Kim claims 'whole US mainland' in reach |last=Lendon |first=Brad |date=July 30, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=August 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Wright |first=David |title=North Korean ICBM Appears Able to Reach Major US Cities |url=https://allthingsnuclear.org/dwright/new-north-korean-icbm |website=All Things Nuclear |publisher=[[Union of Concerned Scientists]] |accessdate=July 28, 2017 |date=July 28, 2017}}</ref> In August, Trump dramatically escalated his rhetoric against North Korea, warning that further provocations against the U.S. would be met with "fire and fury like the world has never seen".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-escalates-rhetoric-on-threat-from-north-korea/2017/08/10/ff49e018-7ded-11e7-83c7-5bd5460f0d7e_story.html |title=Trump reiterates warning to N. Korea: 'Fire and fury' may not have been 'tough enough' |last1=Rucker |first1=Philip |author1link=Philip Rucker |last2=DeYoung |first2=Karen |author2link=Karen DeYoung |date=August 10, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=December 21, 2018}}</ref> In response, North Korean leader [[Kim Jong-un]] threatened to direct a missile test toward [[Guam]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-08-10/north-korea-details-plan-to-fire-missile-salvo-toward-guam |title=Trump doubles down on 'fire and fury' vow as wargames near |last1=Talmadge |first1=Eric |last2=Lemire |first2=Jonathan |date=August 11, 2017 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |accessdate=September 30, 2017}}</ref>
On June 12, 2018, Trump and Kim held [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|a summit]] in Singapore,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump-Kim summit: Kim Jong Un gave unwavering commitment to denuclearisation, says Trump |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/north-korean-leader-kim-gave-unwavering-commitment-to-denuclearisation-trump |website=[[The Straits Times]] |accessdate=June 13, 2018 |date=June 12, 2018 |first1=Jeremy Au |last1=Yong |first2=Tan Dawn |last2=Wei}}</ref> resulting in North Korea affirming its promise to work toward complete denuclearization.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joint Statement of President Donald J. Trump of the United States of America and Chairman Kim Jong Un of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea at the Singapore Summit |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/joint-statement-president-donald-j-trump-united-states-america-chairman-kim-jong-un-democratic-peoples-republic-korea-singapore-summit/ |website=The White House |accessdate=June 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Rosenfeld">{{cite news |last=Rosenfeld |first=Everett |title=Document signed by Trump and Kim includes four main elements related to 'peace regime' |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/12/trump-and-kim-sign-agreement-document-after-summit-in-singapore.html |website=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=June 12, 2018 |date=June 12, 2018}}</ref> A [[2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit|second summit]] took place in February 2019, in [[Hanoi]], Vietnam.<ref name="partial_relief">{{cite news |last1=Rucker |first1=Philip |author1link=Philip Rucker |last2=Denyer |first2=Simon |last3=Nakamura |first3=David |author3link=David Nakamura |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-and-kim-downplay-expectations-as-key-summit-talks-begin/2019/02/28/d77d752c-3ac5-11e9-aaae-69364b2ed137_story.html |title=North Korea's foreign minister says country seeks only partial sanctions relief |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 28, 2019 |access-date=March 4, 2019}}</ref> It ended abruptly without an agreement, both sides blaming each other and offering differing accounts of the negotiations.<ref name="partial_relief"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Wong |first=Edward |authorlink=Edward Wong |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/28/world/asia/trump-kim-vietnam-summit.html |title=Trump's Talks With Kim Jong-un Collapse, and Both Sides Point Fingers |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 28, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref> On June 30, 2019, Trump, Kim, and South Korean President [[Moon Jae-in]] held [[2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit|brief talks]] in the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone]], marking the first time a sitting U.S. president had set foot on North Korean soil. They agreed to resume negotiations.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/trump-confirms-meet-kim-dmz-190630050353219.html |title=Trump meets North Korea's Kim at DMZ in landmark visit |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=June 30, 2019 |access-date=July 8, 2019}}</ref> Bilateral talks began in Stockholm on October 5, but broke down after one day.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://time.com/5693526/north-korea-us-nuclear-diplomacy-sweden/ |title=North Korea Says Nuclear Talks Break Down While U.S. Says They Were 'Good' |first1=Jari |last1=Tanner |first2=Matthew |last2=Lee |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=October 5, 2019 |access-date=February 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007060513/https://time.com/5693526/north-korea-us-nuclear-diplomacy-sweden/ |archive-date=October 7, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==== Russia ====
{{See also|Russia–United States relations}}
[[File:President Trump at the G20 (48144045996).jpg|thumb|Putin and Trump at the [[2019 G20 Osaka summit|G20 Osaka summit]], June 2019]]
During his campaign and as president, Trump has repeatedly asserted that he desires better relations with Russia,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-urges-good-relationship-with-russia-in-tweets/ |title=Donald Trump urges 'good relationship' with Russia in tweets |last=Flores |first=Reena |date=January 7, 2017 |website=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=May 2, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/trump-gop-russia-sanctions/ |title=GOP warns Trump not to lift Russia sanctions after call with Putin |last=Berry |first=Lynn |date=January 29, 2017 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[PBS NewsHour]] |accessdate=May 2, 2017}}</ref> and he has praised Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] as a strong leader.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/11/14/trump-faces-backlash-over-appointing-bannon-as-a-top-aide-a-choice-critics-say-will-empower-white-nationalists/ |title=Trump, Putin agree in phone call to improve 'unsatisfactory' relations between their countries, Kremlin says |last1=Viebeck |first1=Elise |last2=Markon |first2=Jerry |last3=DeYoung |first3=Karen |author3link=Karen DeYoung |date=November 14, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=March 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/trump-putin-bromance |title=Trump and Putin's Bromance Could Change the World |last=Conrad |first=Peter |date=January 13, 2017 |work=[[GQ]] |accessdate=May 29, 2017}}</ref> He also said Russia could help the U.S. in its [[Military intervention against ISIL|fight against ISIS]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/trump-suggests-us-accept-russias-annexation-crimea/ |title=Trump suggests U.S. accept Russia's annexation of Crimea |date=August 1, 2016 |work=[[PBS NewsHour]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |accessdate=February 19, 2017}}</ref> According to Putin and some political experts and diplomats, the [[Russia–United States relations|U.S.–Russian relations]], which were already at the lowest level since the end of the [[Cold War]], have further deteriorated since Trump took office in January 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=US–Russia relations fail to improve in Trump's first year and they are likely to get worse |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-first-year-inauguration-anniversary-russia-vladimir-putin-relations-moscow-a8168801.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=January 19, 2018 |first=Oliver |last=Carroll}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Vladimir Putin says US–Russia relations are worse since Donald Trump took office |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-vladimir-putin-us-russia-relations-worse-military-syria-chemical-attack-barack-obama-a7679796.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=April 12, 2017 |first=Samuel |last=Osborne}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=U.S.-Russian relations worst Ambassador Antonov can remember |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/u-s-russian-relations-worst-ambassador-antonov-can-remember-n861391 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=March 30, 2018 |first=Alexander |last=Smith}}</ref>
After Trump met Putin at the [[2018 Russia–United States summit|Helsinki Summit]] on July 16, 2018, Trump drew bipartisan criticism for siding with Putin's denial of [[Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election]], rather than accepting the findings of the [[United States intelligence community]].<ref name="zurcher">{{cite news |last=Zurcher |first=Anthony |title=Trump-Putin summit: After Helsinki, the fallout at home |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44830012 |accessdate=July 18, 2018 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=July 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/07/trump-putin/565238/ |title=Trump Sides With the Kremlin, Against the U.S. Government |last=Calamur |first=Krishnadev |date=July 16, 2018 |work=[[The Atlantic]] |accessdate=July 18, 2018}}</ref><ref name="break">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/16/politics/congress-reaction-trump-putin-comments/index.html |title=Top Republicans in Congress break with Trump over Putin comments |last=Fox |first=Lauren |date=July 16, 2018 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=July 18, 2018}}</ref>
Trump has criticized Russia about Syria,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump blames Putin for backing 'Animal Assad' |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/04/08/trump-putin-syria-attack-508223 |work=[[Politico]] |first=Matthew |last=Nussbaum |date=April 8, 2018}}</ref> Ukraine,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump criticizes Russia, calls for defense of Western civilization |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-usa-trump/trump-criticizes-russia-calls-for-defense-of-western-civilization-idUSKBN19R02Q |work=[[Reuters]] |date=July 6, 2017 |first1=Roberta |last1=Rampton |first2=Pawel |last2=Sobczak}}</ref> North Korea,<ref>{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Trump accuses Russia of helping North Korea evade sanctions; says U.S. needs more missile defense |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-exclusive/exclusive-trump-accuses-russia-of-helping-north-korea-evade-sanctions-says-u-s-needs-more-missile-defense-idUSKBN1F62KO |work=[[Reuters]] |first1=Steve |last1=Holland |first2=Roberta |last2=Rampton |first3=Jeff |last3=Mason |date=January 17, 2018}}</ref> Venezuela,<ref>{{cite news |title=Venezuela crisis: Russia hits out at 'boorish' Trump |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-47739503 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=March 28, 2019}}</ref> election meddling,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump vows to 'counteract' any Russia election meddling |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/world/Donald-Trump-Russia-election-meddling-/1068-4331686-h7mbxbz/index.html |work=[[Daily Nation]] |date=March 7, 2018}}</ref> and the Skripal poisoning,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump expelling 60 Russian diplomats in wake of UK nerve agent attack |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/26/politics/us-expel-russian-diplomats/index.html |work=[[CNN]] |first1=Jeremy |last1=Diamond |author1link=Jeremy Diamond |first2=Allie |last2=Malloy |first3=Angela |last3=Dewan |date=March 26, 2018}}</ref> but has sent mixed messages regarding Crimea.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pager |first=Tyler |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/trump-crimea-sanctions-russia-226292 |title=Trump to look at recognizing Crimea as Russian territory, lifting sanctions |website=[[Politico]] |date=July 27, 2016 |access-date=February 13, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Panetta |first=Grace |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-claims-crimea-is-part-of-russia-since-people-speak-russian-g7-summit-2018-6 |title=Trump reportedly claimed to leaders at the G7 that Crimea is part of Russia because everyone there speaks Russian |website=[[Business Insider]] |date=June 14, 2018 |access-date=February 13, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Trump expects Russia to return Crimea to Ukraine: White House |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-ukraine/trump-expects-russia-to-return-crimea-to-ukraine-white-house-idUSKBN15T2IY |work=[[Reuters]] |date=February 14, 2017}}</ref> He forbade U.S. oil companies from drilling in Russia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump denies Exxon permission to drill for oil in Russia |last2=Egan |first2=Matt |last1=Borak |first1=Donna |url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/04/21/news/companies/trump-exxon-russia-sanctions/index.html |work=[[CNN]] |date=April 21, 2017}}</ref>
==== Cuba ====
{{See also|Cuba–United States relations}}
In November 2017, the Trump administration tightened the rules on trade with [[Cuba]] and individual visits to the country, undoing the Obama administration's [[Cuban thaw|loosening of restrictions]]. According to an administration official, the new rules were intended to hinder trade with businesses with ties to the Cuban military, intelligence and security services.<ref>{{cite news |last=DeYoung |first=Karen |author1link=Karen DeYoung |title=White House implements new Cuba policy restricting travel and trade |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/white-house-implements-new-cuba-policy-restricting-travel-and-trade/2017/11/08/a5597dee-c49b-11e7-aae0-cb18a8c29c65_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 8, 2017}}</ref>
==== Venezuela ====
{{See also|United States–Venezuela relations}}
[[File:President Trump Visits with the Interim President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela to the White House (49494079201).jpg|thumb|Trump with [[Venezuela]]'s opposition leader and interim president, [[Juan Guaidó]], at the White House, February 2020]]
On August 11, 2017, Trump said he is "not going to rule out a military option" to confront the government of [[Nicolás Maduro]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump won't 'rule out a military option' in Venezuela |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/08/11/trump-wont-rule-out-a-military-option-in-venezuela/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 11, 2017 |first1=Jenna |last1=Johnson |first2=John |last2=Wagner}}</ref> In September 2018, Trump called "for the restoration of democracy in Venezuela" and said that "socialism has bankrupted the oil-rich nation and driven its people into abject poverty."<ref>{{cite news |title=U.S. sanctions Venezuela officials, Trump slams Maduro |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-venezuela/u-s-sanctions-venezuela-officials-trump-slams-maduro-idUSKCN1M51WC |work=[[Reuters]] |date=September 25, 2018 |first1=Lesley |last1=Wroughton |first2=Brian |last2=Ellsworth}}</ref> On January 23, 2019, Maduro announced that Venezuela was [[2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis|breaking ties]] with the United States following Trump's announcement of recognizing [[Juan Guaidó]], the Venezuelan opposition leader, as the interim president of Venezuela.<ref>{{cite news |title=Venezuela's President breaks diplomatic relations with US over Donald Trump's support of Opposition Leader |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-24/venezuela-breaking-diplomatic-ties-with-united-states/10744854 |website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |agency=[[Reuters]]/[[Associated Press|AP]] |date=January 24, 2019}}</ref>
==== NATO ====
[[File:President Donald Trump and Secretary General Jens Stolenberg Joint Press Conference, April 12, 2017 (01).jpg|thumb|Trump and NATO Secretary General [[Jens Stoltenberg]], April 2017]]
As a candidate, Trump questioned whether he, as president, would automatically extend [[North Atlantic Treaty|security guarantees to NATO members]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/21/us/politics/donald-trump-issues.html |title=Donald Trump Sets Conditions for Defending NATO Allies Against Attack |date=July 20, 2016 |last=Sanger |first=David E. |authorlink=David E. Sanger |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |author2link=Maggie Haberman |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=July 31, 2016}}</ref> and suggested that he might leave NATO unless changes are made to the alliance.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2016/05/whats-trumps-position-on-nato/ |title=What's Trump's Position on NATO? |website=[[FactCheck.org]] |accessdate=July 31, 2016}}</ref> As president, he reaffirmed the U.S. commitment to NATO in March 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-senate-nato-russia-republicans-562655 |title=Trump supports NATO, but Senate holds up expansion |date=March 1, 2017 |agency=[[Reuters]] |work=[[Newsweek]] |accessdate=May 2, 2017}}</ref> However, he has repeatedly accused fellow NATO members of paying less than their fair share of the expenses of the alliance.<ref>{{cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |authorlink=Peter Baker (journalist) |title=Trump Says NATO Allies Don't Pay Their Share. Is That True? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/world/europe/nato-trump-spending.html |accessdate=July 12, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 26, 2018}}</ref>
In January 2019, ''The New York Times'' quoted senior administration officials as saying Trump has privately suggested on multiple occasions that the United States should withdraw from NATO.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/14/us/politics/nato-president-trump.html |title=Trump Discussed Pulling U.S. From NATO, Aides Say Amid New Concerns Over Russia |last1=Barnes |first1=Julian E. |last2=Cooper |first2=Helene |author2link=Helene Cooper |date=January 14, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 19, 2019}}</ref> The next day Trump said the United States is going to "be with NATO one hundred percent" but repeated that the other countries have to "step up" and pay more.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/17/trump-nato-alliance-pentagon-1108846 |title=Trump: We will be with NATO '100 percent' |last=Morin |first=Rebecca |date=January 17, 2019 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=January 19, 2019}}</ref>
=== Personnel ===
{{Main|Political appointments by Donald Trump|Cabinet of Donald Trump}}
{{See also|Formation of Donald Trump's Cabinet}}
[[File:Donald Trump Cabinet meeting 2017-03-13 04.jpg|thumb|Cabinet meeting, March 2017]]
The Trump administration has been characterized by high turnover, particularly among White House staff. By the end of Trump's first year in office, 34 percent of his original staff had resigned, been fired, or been reassigned.<ref name="Trimble">{{cite news |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2017-12-28/trumps-white-house-has-highest-turnover-rate-in-40-years |title=Trump White House Has Highest Turnover in 40 Years |last=Trimble |first=Megan |date=December 28, 2017 |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> {{As of|2018|7|pre=early}}, 61 percent of Trump's senior aides had left<ref name="Wise -180702">{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/395222-ap-trump-admin-sets-record-for-white-house-turnover |title=AP: Trump admin sets record for White House turnover |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=July 2, 2018 |accessdate=July 3, 2018 |last=Wise |first=Justin}}</ref> and 141 staffers had left in the past year.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/trump-white-house-sets-turnover-records-analysis-shows-n888396 |title=Trump White House sets turnover records, analysis shows |website=[[NBC News]] |date=July 2, 2018 |accessdate=July 3, 2018 |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Both figures set a record for recent presidents{{snd}}more change in the first 13 months than his four immediate predecessors saw in their first two years.<ref name="Keith">{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/03/07/591372397/white-house-staff-turnover-was-already-record-setting-then-more-advisers-left |title=White House Staff Turnover Was Already Record-Setting. Then More Advisers Left |last=Keith |first=Tamara |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> Notable early departures included National Security Advisor [[Mike Flynn]] (after just 25 days in office), Chief of Staff [[Reince Priebus]], replaced by retired Marine general [[John F. Kelly]] on July 28, 2017,<ref name=Baker>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/28/us/politics/reince-priebus-white-house-trump.html |title=Reince Priebus Pushed Out After Rocky Tenure as Trump Chief of Staff |first1=Peter |last1=Baker |authorlink=Peter Baker (journalist) |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman}}</ref> and Press Secretary [[Sean Spicer]].<ref name="Keith" /> Close personal aides to Trump such as [[Steve Bannon]], [[Hope Hicks]], [[John McEntee (political aide)|John McEntee]] and [[Keith Schiller]], have quit or been forced out.<ref name=Brookings />
Trump's cabinet nominations included U.S. senator from Alabama [[Jeff Sessions]] as [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/19/us/politics/jeff-sessions-donald-trump-attorney-general.html |title=Jeff Sessions, as Attorney General, Could Overhaul Department He's Skewered |last=Lichtblau |first=Eric |authorlink=Eric Lichtblau |date=2016-11-18 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=2019-12-19}}</ref> financier [[Steve Mnuchin]] as [[Secretary of the Treasury]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-38141686 |title=Former US banker Steve Mnuchin confirms he will be US treasury secretary |date=November 30, 2016 |work=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=November 30, 2016}}</ref> retired Marine Corps general [[James Mattis]] as [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Lamothe |first=Dan |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-has-chosen-retired-marine-gen-james-mattis-for-secretary-of-defense/2016/12/01/6c6b3b74-aff9-11e6-be1c-8cec35b1ad25_story.html |title=Trump has chosen retired Marine Gen. James Mattis for secretary of defense |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=December 1, 2016}}</ref> and [[ExxonMobil]] CEO [[Rex Tillerson]] as [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]].<ref>{{Cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/12/us/politics/rex-tillerson-secretary-of-state-trump.html |title=Rex Tillerson, Exxon C.E.O., chosen as Secretary of State |date=December 12, 2016 |accessdate=December 26, 2016}}</ref> Trump also brought on board politicians who had opposed him during the presidential campaign, such as neurosurgeon [[Ben Carson]] as [[Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]],<ref>{{cite news |first=Trip |last=Gabriel |title=Trump Chooses Ben Carson to Lead HUD |date=December 5, 2016 |accessdate=December 5, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/05/us/politics/ben-carson-housing-urban-development-trump.html}}</ref> and South Carolina governor [[Nikki Haley]] as [[United States Ambassador to the United Nations|Ambassador to the United Nations]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/sc-gov-nikki-haley-tapped-to-be-trumps-un-ambassador/2016/11/23/c1395cb6-b144-11e6-8616-52b15787add0_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |title=Gov. Nikki Haley tapped to be Trump's U.N. ambassador |date=November 23, 2016 |accessdate=November 23, 2016 |first=Robert |last=Costa |authorlink=Robert Costa (journalist)}}</ref>
Two of Trump's 15 original cabinet members were gone within 15 months: Health and Human Services Secretary [[Tom Price (American politician)|Tom Price]] was forced to resign in September 2017 due to excessive use of private charter jets and military aircraft, and Trump replaced Secretary of State [[Rex Tillerson]] with [[Mike Pompeo]] in March 2018 over disagreements on foreign policy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-incredibly-and-historically-unstable-first-year-of-trumps-cabinet/ |title=The Incredibly And Historically Unstable First Year Of Trump's Cabinet |last=Jones-Rooy |first=Andrea |date=November 29, 2017 |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref><ref name=Brookings>{{cite news |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/tracking-turnover-in-the-trump-administration/ |title=Tracking Turnover in the Trump Administration |date=March 16, 2018 |website=[[Brookings Institution]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt resigned in July 2018 amidst multiple investigations into his conduct,<ref name=Hersher-180705>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/07/05/594078923/scott-pruitt-out-at-epa |title=Scott Pruitt Out At EPA |website=[[NPR]] |date=July 5, 2018 |accessdate=July 5, 2018 |first1=Rebecca |last1=Hersher |first2=Brett |last2=Neelyin}}</ref> while Interior Secretary [[Ryan Zinke]] resigned five months later as he also faced multiple investigations.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-ryan-zinke-resigns-interior-secretary-20181215-story.html |title=Ryan Zinke resigns as interior secretary amid multiple investigations |first1=Juliet |last1=Eilperin |first2=Josh |last2=Dawsey |author2link=Josh Dawsey |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |accessdate=January 3, 2019}}</ref>
Trump has been slow to appoint second-tier officials in the executive branch, saying that many of the positions are unnecessary. In October 2017, there were still hundreds of sub-cabinet positions without a nominee.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2017/10/12/557122200/trump-leaves-top-administration-positions-unfilled-says-hollow-government-by-des |title=Trump Leaves Top Administration Positions Unfilled, Says Hollow Government By Design |last=Keith |first=Tamara |date=October 12, 2017 |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref> By January 8, 2019, of 706 key positions, 433 had been filled (61%) and Trump had no nominee for 264 (37%).<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 8, 2019 |title=Tracking how many key positions Trump has filled so far |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-administration-appointee-tracker/database/}}</ref>
=== Dismissal of James Comey ===
{{Main|Dismissal of James Comey}}
On May 9, 2017, Trump dismissed FBI director James Comey. He first attributed this action to recommendations from Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Deputy AG [[Rod Rosenstein]],<ref name=Apuzzo>{{cite news |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Matt |last2=Apuzzo |author2link=Matt Apuzzo |title=F.B.I. Director James Comey Is Fired by Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/09/us/politics/james-comey-fired-fbi.html |accessdate=May 10, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 10, 2017}}</ref> which criticized Comey's conduct in the investigation about [[Hillary Clinton email controversy#October 2016 – Additional investigation|Hillary Clinton's emails]].<ref name=Guardian-20170509>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/may/09/james-comey-fbi-fired-donald-trump |title=Donald Trump fires FBI director Comey over handling of Clinton investigation |last=Smith |first=David |date=May 9, 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=May 9, 2017}}</ref> On May 11, Trump said he was concerned with the ongoing "Russia thing"<ref name=Barrett-20170511>{{cite news |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |last2=Rucker |first2=Philip |author2link=Philip Rucker |title=Trump said he was thinking of Russia controversy when he decided to fire Comey |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-says-fbi-director-comey-told-him-three-times-he-wasnt-under-investigation-once-in-a-phone-call-initiated-by-the-president/2017/05/11/2b384c9a-3669-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 11, 2017 |accessdate=May 12, 2017}}</ref> and that he had intended to fire Comey earlier, regardless of DOJ advice.<ref name=theweek-20170511>{{cite news |url=https://theweek.com/speedreads/698368/president-trump-just-completely-contradicted-official-white-house-account-comey-firing |title=President Trump just completely contradicted the official White House account of the Comey firing |date=May 11, 2017 |work=[[The Week]] |first=Becca |last=Stanek |accessdate=May 11, 2017}}</ref>
According to a [[Comey memo]] of a private conversation on February 14, 2017, Trump said he "hoped" Comey would drop the investigation into National Security Advisor [[Michael Flynn]].<ref name="Wilber">{{cite news |last1=Wilber |first1=Del Quentin |author1link=Del Quentin Wilber |last2=Viswanatha |first2=Aruna |title=Trump Asked Comey to Drop Flynn Investigation, According to Memo Written by Former FBI Director |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-asked-comey-to-drop-flynn-investigation-according-to-memo-written-by-former-fbi-director-1494974774 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] {{subscription required}}|date=May 16, 2017 |accessdate=May 16, 2017}}</ref>
In March and April, Trump had told Comey the ongoing suspicions formed a "cloud" impairing his presidency,<ref name="comeytestimony">{{cite web |last=Comey |first=James |title=Statement for the Record Senate Select Committee on Intelligence |url=https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/os-jcomey-060817.pdf |website=United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence |publisher=United States Government |accessdate=June 7, 2017 |page=7 |date=June 8, 2017}}</ref> and asked him to publicly state that he was not personally under investigation.<ref name="schmidt">{{cite news |last1=Schmidt |first1=Michael S. |author1link=Michael S. Schmidt |last2=Goldman |first2=Adam |author2link=Adam Goldman |title=Comey to Testify Trump Pressured Him to Say He Wasn't Under Investigation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/07/us/politics/james-comey-statement-testimony.html |accessdate=June 7, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 7, 2017}}</ref> He also asked intelligence chiefs [[Dan Coats]] and [[Michael S. Rogers|Michael Rogers]] to issue statements saying there was no evidence that his campaign colluded with Russia during the 2016 election.<ref name=Sciutto>{{cite news |last1=Sciutto |first1=Jim |last2=Watkins |first2=Eli |title=Trump asked DNI, NSA to deny evidence of Russia collusion |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/22/politics/donald-trump-intelligence-community/index.html |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 23, 2017}}</ref> Both refused, considering this an inappropriate request, although not illegal.<ref name=Dilanian>{{cite news |last1=Dilanian |first1=Ken |last2=Windrem |first2=Robert |title=Trump Asked Top Intel Officials to Push Back Publicly on Russia Probe |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-asked-top-intel-officials-push-back-publicly-russia-probe-n763336 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=May 22, 2017}}</ref> Comey eventually testified on June{{nbsp}}8 that while he was director, the FBI investigations did not target Trump himself.<ref name="comeytestimony" /><ref name=nyt-20110608>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/08/us/politics/trump-speech-faith-freedom-coalition.html |title='I Was Right': As Trump Watches Comey on TV, Anxiety Yields to Relief |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Glenn |last1=Thrush |author1link=Glenn Thrush |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |author2link=Maggie Haberman |date=June 8, 2017 |accessdate=June 9, 2017}}</ref>
== Public profile ==
=== Approval ratings ===
{{Further|Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration}}
Polling suggests that Trump is the most unpopular president since Harry Truman.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-05-22/donald-trump-should-worry-about-his-approval-rating|title=Trump Should Worry About His Approval Rating|last=Bernstein|first=Jonathan|date=May 22, 2019|work=Bloomberg News|accessdate=3 March 2020}}</ref> At the end of his second year, his two-year average Gallup approval rating was the lowest of any president since World War II.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-average-approval-rating-first-two-years-lowest-any-president-1293785 |title=Donald Trump Approval Rating Average in First Two Years is Lowest For Any President Since World War II |first=Jessica |last=Kwong |date=January 16, 2019 |website=[[Newsweek]] |accessdate=January 25, 2019}}</ref> As of February 2020, his Gallup rating has ranged from a low of 35% approval to a high of 49%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.gallup.com/opinion/polling-matters/245567/trump-approval-stable-approval-prior-presidents.aspx |title=Trump Approval More Stable Than Approval for Prior Presidents |date=2018-12-21 |website=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] |access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/481360-trump-hits-highest-gallup-approval-rating-of-his-presidency|title=Trump hits highest Gallup approval rating of his presidency|last=Samuels|first=Brett|date=February 24, 2020|work=The Hill|accessdate=3 March 2020}}</ref> His approval and disapproval ratings have been unusually stable.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/trumps-approval-rating-is-incredibly-steady-is-that-weird-or-the-new-normal/|title=Trump's Approval Rating Is Incredibly Steady. Is That Weird Or The New Normal?|last=Skelley|first=Geoffrey|date=March 28, 2019|work=FiveThirtyEight|accessdate=3 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/presidential-approval-poll-tracker-n1102776|title=Trump's approval rating steady despite impeachment: NBC News/Wall Street Journal polls|date=December 17, 2019|work=NBC News|accessdate=3 March 2020}}</ref>
In Gallup's end-of-year [[Gallup's most admired man and woman poll|poll]] asking Americans to name the man they admire the most, Trump placed second to Obama in 2017 and 2018, and tied with Obama for most admired man in 2019.<ref name="gallup1678">{{cite news |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/1678/most-admired-man-woman.aspx |title=Most Admired Man and Woman |website=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] |accessdate=June 12, 2018}}</ref> Trump is the first elected president to not be named most admired in his first year in office.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ |title=Trump Is the Only Elected U.S. President Not to Be Named America's Most Admired Man In His First Year |last=Bach |first=Natasha |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=December 28, 2017 |accessdate=June 11, 2018}}</ref>
=== False statements ===
{{Main|Veracity of statements by Donald Trump}}
[[File:2017- Donald Trump veracity - composite graph.png|thumb|upright=1.5 | [[Fact-checkers]] from ''The Washington Post''<ref name=WashPost_20200119>{{cite news |author1=Fact Checker |title=In 1,095 days, President Trump has made 16,241 false or misleading claims |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-claims-database/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 19, 2020}}</ref> and from the ''Toronto Star''<ref name=TorontoStar_20190605>{{cite news |last=Dale |first=Daniel |authorlink=Daniel Dale |title=Donald Trump has now said more than 5,000 false things as president |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2019/06/05/donald-trump-has-now-said-more-than-5000-false-claims-as-president.html |work=[[Toronto Star]] |date=June 5, 2019}}</ref> and CNN<ref name="DaleCNN_20200106">{{cite news |last=Dale |first=Daniel |authorlink=Daniel Dale |title=Internal chart of Trump's false claims per day from July 8 (2019) |url=https://twitter.com/ddale8/status/1214229268458328065 |publisher=[[CNN]] |via=Twitter |date=January 6, 2020}} ([https://web.archive.org/web/20200106230008/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ENnNz4TXsAE0dML?format=jpg&name=large image of chart]).</ref> compiled data on "false or misleading claims" (orange background), and "false claims" (violet foreground), respectively.]]
As president, Trump has frequently made false statements in public speeches and remarks.<ref name="Qiu">{{cite news |first=Linda |last=Qiu |title=Fact-Checking President Trump Through His First 100 Days |date=April 29, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/us/politics/fact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html}}</ref><ref name="KesslerLee">{{cite news |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Michelle Ye Hee |last2=Lee |title=President Trump's first 100 days: The fact check tally |date=May 1, 2017 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/05/01/president-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Linda |last=Qiu |title=In One Rally, 12 Inaccurate Claims From Trump |date=June 22, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/22/us/politics/factcheck-donald-trump-iowa-rally.html}}</ref> The statements have been documented by [[fact-checker]]s; academics and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics.<ref name=unprecedenteduntruths>
* {{cite journal |last=McGranahan |first=Carole |title=An anthropology of lying: Trump and the political sociality of moral outrage |journal=[[American Ethnologist]] |date=May 2017 |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=243–248 |doi=10.1111/amet.12475 |quote=It has long been a truism that politicians lie, but with the entry of Donald Trump into the U.S. political domain, the frequency, degree, and impact of lying in politics are now unprecedented [...] Donald Trump is different. By all metrics and counting schemes, his lies are off the charts. We simply have not seen such an accomplished and effective liar before in U.S. politics.}}
* {{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 7, 2017 |first=Sheryl Gay |last=Stolberg |authorlink=Sheryl Gay Stolberg |title=Many Politicians Lie. But Trump Has Elevated the Art of Fabrication. |accessdate=March 11, 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/07/us/politics/lies-trump-obama-mislead.html |quote=President Trump, historians and consultants in both political parties agree, appears to have taken what the writer [[Hannah Arendt]] once called 'the conflict between truth and politics' to an entirely new level.}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/12/30/year-unprecedented-deception-trump-averaged-false-claims-day/ |title=A year of unprecedented deception: Trump averaged 15 false claims a day in 2018 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 30, 2018 |accessdate=February 20, 2019 |first=Glenn |last=Kessler |authorlink=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |quote='When before have we seen a president so indifferent to the distinction between truth and falsehood, or so eager to blur that distinction?' presidential historian [[Michael R. Beschloss]] said of Trump in 2018.}}
* {{cite news |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 6, 2017 |first=Mark Z. |last=Barabak |title=There's a long history of presidential untruths. Here's why Donald Trump is 'in a class by himself' |accessdate=March 11, 2019 |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-trump-presidential-lies-2017-story.html |quote=White House scholars and other students of government agree there has never been a president like Donald Trump, whose volume of falsehoods, misstatements and serial exaggerations{{snd}}on matters large and wincingly small{{snd}}place him 'in a class by himself', as Texas A&M's [[George C. Edwards III|George Edwards]] put it.}}
* {{cite news |work=[[Toronto Star]] |date=December 22, 2017 |first=Daniel |last=Dale |authorlink=Daniel Dale |title=Donald Trump has spent a year lying shamelessly. It hasn't worked |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2017/12/22/donald-trump-has-spent-a-year-lying-shamelessly-it-hasnt-worked.html |quote='We've had presidents that have lied or misled the country, but we've never had a serial liar before. And that's what we're dealing with here,' said [[Douglas Brinkley]], the prominent Rice University presidential historian.}}
* {{cite news |website=[[CNN]] |date=May 9, 2018 |first=Chris |last=Cillizza |authorlink=Chris Cillizza |title=President Trump lied more than 3,000 times in 466 days |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/donald-trump-3000/index.html |quote=We've never had a president with such a casual relationship to the truth ... The sheer rate of Trump's untruth-telling is staggering. It is unprecedented.}}
* {{cite web |website=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]] |date=2017 |first=Heidi Taksdal |last=Skjeseth |title=All the president's lies: Media coverage of lies in the US and France |url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-10/Taksdal%20Skjeseth%2C%20All%20the%20President%27s%20Lies%20-%20Media%20Coverage%20of%20lies%20in%20the%20US%20and%20France.pdf |quote=Trump is not the first president to be at odds with the press, but the amount of lies he delivers and his aggressive attacks on and constant undermining of the legitimacy of the media, is unprecedented.}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Stern |first1=Donnel |title=Constructivism in the Age of Trump: Truth, Lies, and Knowing the Difference |journal=Psychoanalytic Dialogues |date=May 9, 2019 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=189–196 |doi=10.1080/10481885.2019.1587996 |quote=Donald Trump lies so often that some have wondered whether he has [[poisoned the well]] [...] We expect politicians to stretch the truth. But Trump is a whole different animal. He lies as a policy.}}
* {{cite news |last1=Grosz |first1=Stephen |title=The real reason Donald Trump lies |url=https://www.ft.com/content/b752121c-127a-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e |website=[[Financial Times]] |accessdate=June 25, 2019 |date=January 9, 2019 |quote=We all lie, but we don't lie like President Trump. He is the most extravagant, reckless, inexhaustible fibber of our era}}</ref><ref name=Glasser-180803>{{cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/trumps-escalating-war-on-the-truth-is-on-purpose |title=It's True: Trump Is Lying More, and He's Doing It on Purpose |work=[[The New Yorker]] |date=August 3, 2018 |accessdate=January 10, 2019 |first=Susan |last=Glasser |authorlink=Susan Glasser}}</ref><ref name=Konnikova>{{cite news |last=Konnikova |first=Maria |authorlink=Maria Konnikova |title=Trump's Lies vs. Your Brain |website=[[Politico]] |date=January 20, 2017 |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/01/donald-trump-lies-liar-effect-brain-214658 |accessdate=March 31, 2018}}</ref> This trait of his was similarly observed when he was a presidential candidate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Finnegan |first1=Michael |title=Scope of Trump's falsehoods unprecedented for a modern presidential candidate |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-false-statements-20160925-snap-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |quote=Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/the-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump/ |website=[[FactCheck.org]] |accessdate=March 4, 2019 |quote=In the 12 years of FactCheck.org's existence, we've never seen his match. |date=December 21, 2015}}</ref> His falsehoods have also become a distinctive part of his political identity.<ref name=Glasser-180803/>
Trump uttered "at least one false or misleading claim per day on 91 of his first 99 days" in office, according to ''The New York Times'',<ref name="Qiu"/> and 1,318 total in his first 263 days in office, according to the "Fact Checker" political analysis column of ''The Washington Post''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Michelle Ye Hee |last2=Kessler |first2=Glenn |author2link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |last3=Kelly |first3=Meg |title=President Trump has made 1,318 false or misleading claims over 263 days |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/10/10/president-trump-has-made-1318-false-or-misleading-claims-over-263-days |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 10, 2017 |accessdate=November 5, 2017}}</ref> By the ''Post'''s tally, it took Trump 601 days to reach 5,000 false or misleading statements and another 226 days to reach the 10,000 mark.<ref name=Kessler-190429>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/29/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/ |title=President Trump has made more than 10,000 false or misleading claims |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 29, 2019 |accessdate=April 29, 2019 |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly}}</ref> For the seven weeks leading up to the midterm elections, it rose to an average of thirty per day<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=President Trump has made 6,420 false or misleading claims over 649 days |date=November 2, 2018 |accessdate=November 2, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/11/02/president-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days/}}</ref> from 4.9 during his first hundred days in office.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 13, 2018 |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=President Trump has made more than 5,000 false or misleading claims |accessdate=October 16, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/13/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/}}</ref> The ''Post''{{'}}s reported tally is 16,241 as of January 19, 2020, with the 2019 total more than double the cumulative total of 2017 and 2018.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 20, 2020 |first1=Glenn |last1=Kessler |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |first2=Salvador |last2=Rizzo |first3=Meg |last3=Kelly |title=President Trump made 16,241 false or misleading claims in his first three years |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/01/20/president-trump-made-16241-false-or-misleading-claims-his-first-three-years/}}</ref>
=== Racial views ===
{{Main|Racial views of Donald Trump}}
Trump has made numerous comments and actions that have been characterized both within the U.S. and abroad as racially charged or racist.<ref>Multiple sources:
* {{cite news |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |last1=Lopez |first1=German |title=Donald Trump's long history of racism, from the 1970s to 2019 |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/7/25/12270880/donald-trump-racist-racism-history |accessdate=June 15, 2019 |date=February 14, 2019}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/every-moment-donald-trumps-long-complicated-history-race |title=Every moment in Trump's charged relationship with race |date=January 12, 2018 |work=[[PBS NewsHour]] |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}
* {{cite news |title=A history of Donald Trump's racially charged statements |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/a-history-of-donald-trump-s-racially-charged-statements |accessdate=October 3, 2019 |work=[[SBS News]] |agency=[[Agence France Presse]] |date=July 16, 2019}}
* {{cite news |last=Dawsey |first=Josh |authorlink=Josh Dawsey |title=Trump's history of making offensive comments about nonwhite immigrants |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 11, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-attacks-protections-for-immigrants-from-shithole-countries-in-oval-office-meeting/2018/01/11/bfc0725c-f711-11e7-91af-31ac729add94_story.html |accessdate=January 11, 2018}}
* {{cite news |title=Trump's 'shithole' comment denounced across the globe |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/12/trump-shithole-comment-reaction-337926 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 12, 2018 |first=Aubree Eliza |last=Weaver}}
* {{cite news |last1=Stoddard |first1=Ed |last2=Mfula |first2=Chris |title=Africa calls Trump racist after 'shithole' remark |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-immigration-reaction/africa-calls-trump-racist-after-shithole-remark-idUSKBN1F11VC |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=January 12, 2018 |quote=African politicians and diplomats labeled U.S. President Donald Trump a racist on Friday}}
</ref> Trump has repeatedly denied he is racist, asserting "I am the least racist person there is anywhere in the world".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/trump-denies-racism-most-americans-dont-believe-him|title=As Trump denies racism, most Americans don't believe him|last=Benen|first=Steve|date=August 1, 2019|website=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> Many of his supporters say the way he speaks reflects his rejection of [[political correctness]], while others accept it because they share such beliefs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://morningconsult.com/2017/06/29/poll-majority-trump-voters-say-political-correctness-right/ |title=Poll: Majority of Trump Voters Say His Political Correctness Is 'About Right' |last=Nichols |first=Laura |date=June 29, 2017 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |website=[[Morning Consult]]}}</ref><ref name="nation-20170508">{{cite news |title=Economic Anxiety Didn't Make People Vote Trump, Racism Did |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/economic-anxiety-didn't-make-people-vote-trump-racism-did/ |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[The Nation]] |date=May 8, 2017 |first1=Sean |last1=McElwee |first2=Jason |last2=McDaniel}}</ref>
Several studies and surveys have found that racist attitudes fueled Trump's political ascendance and have been more important than economic factors in determining the allegiance of Trump voters.<ref name="nation-20170508" /><ref name="vox-20171215">{{cite news |title=The past year of research has made it very clear: Trump won because of racial resentment |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/12/15/16781222/trump-racism-economic-anxiety-study |accessdate=January 14, 2018 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=December 15, 2017 |first=German |last=Lopez}}</ref> In a June 2018 [[Quinnipiac University]] poll, 49 percent of respondents believed he was racist, while 47 percent believed he was not.<ref name="Marcin">{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-racist-44-percent-white-americans-poll-survey-new-1007434 |title=44 Percent Of White Americans Think Donald Trump Is Racist, New Poll Finds |last=Marcin |first=Tim |date=July 5, 2018 |accessdate=July 5, 2018 |website=[[Newsweek]]}}</ref> Additionally, 55 percent said he "has emboldened people who hold racist beliefs to express those beliefs publicly".<ref name="Quinnipiac-180703">{{cite web |url=https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2554 |title=Harsh Words For U.S. Family Separation Policy, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; Voters Have Dim View Of Trump, Dems On Immigration |website=[[Quinnipiac University Polling Institute]] |date=July 3, 2018 |accessdate=July 5, 2018}}</ref>
In 1975, he settled a 1973 Department of Justice lawsuit that alleged housing discrimination against black renters.<ref name="Mahler">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/28/us/politics/donald-trump-housing-race.html |title='No Vacancies' for Blacks: How Donald Trump Got His Start, and Was First Accused of Bias |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 27, 2016 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |last1=Mahler |first1=Jonathan |last2=Eder |first2=Steve}}</ref> He has also been accused of racism for insisting a group of black and Latino teenagers were guilty of raping a white woman in the 1989 [[Central Park jogger case]], even after they were exonerated by DNA evidence in 2002. He has maintained his position on the matter into 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ransom |first1=Jan |title=Trump Will Not Apologize for Calling for Death Penalty Over Central Park Five |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/18/nyregion/central-park-five-trump.html |accessdate=June 29, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 18, 2019}}</ref>
Trump launched his political career in 2011 as a leading proponent of [[Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories|"birther" conspiracy theories]] alleging that Barack Obama, the first black U.S. president, was not born in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|last=Farley|first=Robert|url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2011/feb/14/donald-trump/donald-trump-says-people-who-went-school-obama-nev/|title=Donald Trump says people who went to school with Obama never saw him|website=Politifact|date=February 14, 2011|access-date=January 31, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Moody|first=Chris|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/03/politics/donald-trump-first-speech-to-cpac/index.html|title=Gay conservatives who helped kickstart Trump's GOP career have serious regrets|website=CNN|date=March 3, 2016|access-date=February 1, 2020}}</ref> In April 2011, Trump claimed credit for pressuring the White House to publish the "long-form" birth certificate, which he considered fraudulent, and later saying this made him "very popular".<ref name="Madison27April">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-takes-credit-for-obama-birth-certificate-release-but-wonders-is-it-real/ |title=Trump takes credit for Obama birth certificate release, but wonders 'is it real?' |last=Madison |first=Lucy |date=April 27, 2011 |accessdate=May 9, 2011 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trumps-history-raising-birther-questions-president-obama/story?id=33861832 |title=Donald Trump's History of Raising Birther Questions About President Obama |website=[[ABC News]] |last=Keneally |first=Meghan |date=September 18, 2015 |accessdate=August 27, 2016}}</ref> In September 2016, he acknowledged that Obama was born in the U.S.<ref name="nyt-drops">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Trump Drops False 'Birther' Theory, but Floats a New One: Clinton Started It |first1=Maggie |last1=Haberman |author1link=Maggie Haberman |first2=Alan |last2=Rappeport |author2link=Alan Rappeport |date=September 16, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/17/us/politics/donald-trump-birther-obama.html}}</ref>
According to an analysis in ''[[Political Science Quarterly]]'', Trump made "explicitly racist appeals to whites" during his 2016 presidential campaign.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schaffner |first1=Brian F. |author1link=Brian Schaffner |last2=Macwilliams |first2=Matthew |last3=Nteta |first3=Tatishe |title=Understanding White Polarization in the 2016 Vote for President: The Sobering Role of Racism and Sexism |journal=Political Science Quarterly |date=March 2018 |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=9–34 |doi=10.1002/polq.12737}}</ref> In particular, his campaign launch speech drew widespread criticism for claiming Mexican immigrants were "bringing drugs, they're bringing crime, they're rapists".<ref>{{cite news |first=Katie|last=Reilly|title=Here Are All the Times Donald Trump Insulted Mexico |url=https://time.com/4473972/donald-trump-mexico-meeting-insult/ |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=August 31, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Five Insults Donald Trump Has Fired At Mexicans In The Presidential Race |url=https://news.sky.com/story/five-insults-donald-trump-has-fired-at-mexicans-in-the-presidential-race-10559438 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |website=[[Sky News]] |date=September 1, 2016}}</ref> His later comments about a Mexican-American judge presiding over a civil suit regarding [[Trump University]] were also criticized as racist.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/08/us/politics/paul-ryan-donald-trump-gonzalo-curiel.html |title=Paul Ryan Calls Donald Trump's Attack on Judge 'Racist', but Still Backs Him |date=June 7, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Jennifer |last1=Steinhauer |author1link=Jennifer Steinhauer |first2=Jonathan |last2=Martin |author2link=Jonathan Martin (journalist) |first3=David M. |last3=Herszenhorn |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}</ref>
[[File:President Trump Gives a Statement on the Infrastructure Discussion.webm|thumb|start=13:11|Trump answers questions from reporters about the [[Unite the Right rally]] in Charlottesville.]]
Trump's comments in reaction to the [[Unite the Right rally|2017 Charlottesville far-right rally]] were interpreted as implying a moral equivalence between [[white supremacist]] demonstrators and counter-protesters.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/15/politics/trump-charlottesville-delay/index.html |title=Trump: 'Both sides' to blame for Charlottesville |last=Merica |first=Dan |date=August 26, 2017 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}</ref>
In a January 2018 [[Oval Office]] meeting to discuss immigration legislation, he reportedly referred to El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and African nations as "shithole countries".<ref name="zack">{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/1/11/16880804/trump-shithole-countries-racism |title=Trump's "shithole countries" comment exposes the core of Trumpism |last=Beauchamp |first=Zack |date=January 11, 2018 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |accessdate=January 11, 2018}}</ref> His remarks were condemned as racist worldwide, as well as by many members of Congress.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's 'shithole' comment denounced across the globe |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/12/trump-shithole-comment-reaction-337926 |accessdate=January 13, 2018 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 12, 2018 |first=Aubree Eliza |last=Weaver}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jan/12/unkind-divisive-elitist-international-outcry-over-trumps-shithole-countries-remark |title='There's no other word but racist': Trump's global rebuke for 'shithole' remark |date=January 13, 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |first1=Patrick |last1=Wintour |author1link=Patrick Wintour |first2=Jason |last2=Burke |author2link=Jason Burke |first3=Anna |last3=Livsey |accessdate=January 13, 2018}}</ref>
In July 2019, Trump tweeted that four Democratic members of Congress{{snd}}all four minority women, three of them native-born Americans{{snd}}should "[[Go back where you came from|go back]]" to the countries they "came from".<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 14, 2019 |first1=Katie |last1=Rogers |first2=Nicholas |last2=Fandos |author2link=Nicholas Fandos |title=Trump Tells Congresswomen to 'Go Back' to the Countries They Came From |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/14/us/politics/trump-twitter-squad-congress.html}}</ref> Two days later the House of Representatives voted 240–187, mostly along party lines, to condemn his "racist comments".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/16/742236610/condemnation-of-president-delayed-by-debate-can-lawmakers-call-trump-tweets-raci |title=House Votes To Condemn Trump's 'Racist Comments' |last=Mak |first=Tim |date=July 16, 2019 |website=[[NPR]] |accessdate=July 17, 2019}}</ref> [[White nationalist]] publications and social media sites praised his remarks, which continued over the following days.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/16/politics/white-supremacists-cheer-trump-racist-tweets-soh/index.html |title=Trump said 'many people agree' with his racist tweets. These white supremacists certainly do. |last1=Simon |first1=Mallory |last2=Sidner |first2=Sara |author2link=Sara Sidner |date=July 16, 2019 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=July 20, 2019}}</ref>
=== Allegations of sexual misconduct ===
{{Main|Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations|Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape}}
Twenty-two women have publicly accused Trump of sexual misconduct {{as of|2019|06|lc=y}}. There were allegations of rape, violence, being kissed and groped without consent, looking under women's skirts, and walking in on naked women.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nelson |first1=Libby |last2=McGann |first2=Laura |title=E. Jean Carroll joins at least 21 other women in publicly accusing Trump of sexual assault or misconduct |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/6/21/18701098/trump-accusers-sexual-assault-rape-e-jean-carroll |accessdate=June 25, 2019 |date=June 21, 2019}}</ref> In 2016, he denied all accusations, calling them "false smears", and alleged there was a conspiracy against him.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/14/us/politics/donald-trump-women.html |title=Donald Trump Calls Allegations by Women 'False Smears' |last1=Healy |first1=Patrick |last2=Rappeport |first2=Alan |author2link=Alan Rappeport |date=October 13, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=October 13, 2016}}</ref>
In October 2016, two days before the [[United States presidential election debates, 2016#Second presidential debate (Washington University in St. Louis)|second presidential debate]], a 2005 "[[hot mic]]" recording surfaced in which Trump was heard bragging about forcibly kissing and groping women, saying "when you're a star, they let you do it, you can do anything ... grab 'em by the pussy."<ref name=NBC080716>{{cite news |last=Timm |first=Jane C. |title=Trump caught on hot mic making lewd comments about women in 2005 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-hot-mic-when-you-re-star-you-can-do-n662116 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=October 7, 2016 |accessdate=June 10, 2018}}</ref> The incident's widespread media exposure led to Trump's first public apology during the campaign,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/08/us/politics/donald-trump-women.html |title=Donald Trump Apology Caps Day of Outrage Over Lewd Tape |date=October 7, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=October 8, 2016 |last1=Burns |first1=Alexander |author1link=Alex Burns (journalist) |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |author2link=Maggie Haberman |last3=Martin |first3=Jonathan |author3link=Jonathan Martin (journalist)}}</ref> and caused outrage across the political spectrum.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/299895-kaine-on-lewd-trump-tapes-makes-me-sick-to-my-stomach |title=Kaine on lewd Trump tapes: 'Makes me sick to my stomach' |last=Hagen |first=Lisa |date=October 7, 2016 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=October 8, 2016}}</ref>
=== Allegations of inciting violence ===
Some research suggests Trump's rhetoric causes an increased incidence of hate crimes.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://apnews.com/7d0949974b1648a2bb592cab1f85aa16 |title=Trump words linked to more hate crime? Some experts think so |last1=Kunzelman |first1=Michael |last2=Galvan |first2=Astrid |date=August 7, 2019 |website=[[AP News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/03/22/trumps-rhetoric-does-inspire-more-hate-crimes/ |title=Analysis | Counties that hosted a 2016 Trump rally saw a 226 percent increase in hate crimes |website=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Ayal |last1=Feinberg |first2=Regina |last2=Branton |first3=Valerie |last3=Martinez-Ebers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |journal=[[Social Science Research Network]] |last1=Rushin |first1=Stephen |last2=Edwards |first2=Griffin Sims |date=January 14, 2018 |title=The Effect of President Trump's Election on Hate Crimes |ssrn=3102652}}</ref> During the 2016 campaign, he sometimes urged or praised physical attacks against protesters or reporters.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://time.com/4203094/donald-trump-hecklers/ |title=Donald Trump Tells Crowd To "Knock the Crap Out Of" Hecklers |last=White |first=Daniel |date=February 1, 2016 |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=August 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/claudiakoerner/trump-gianforte-congressman-assault-journalist-montana |title=Trump Thinks It's Totally Cool That A Congressman Assaulted A Journalist For Asking A Question |last=Koerner |first=Claudia |date=October 18, 2018 |website=[[BuzzFeed News]] |access-date=August 9, 2019}}</ref> Since then, some individuals or their attorneys have cited Trump's rhetoric as a defense for their hate speech or violent actions.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/08/donald-trump-domestic-terrorism-el-paso |title="The President of the United States Says It's Okay": The Rise of the Trump Defense |last=Tracy |first=Abigail |date=August 8, 2019 |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]}}</ref> In August 2019 it was reported that a man who allegedly assaulted a minor for perceived disrespect toward the national anthem had cited Trump's rhetoric in his own defense.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/juliareinstein/national-anthem-assault-curt-brockway-wally-trump-boy-rodeo |title=Trump's "Rhetoric" Inspired This Man To Assault A 13-Year-Old For Wearing A Hat During The Anthem, His Lawyer Said |last=Reinstein |first=Julia |date=August 8, 2019 |website=[[BuzzFeed News]] |access-date=August 9, 2019}}</ref> It was also reported in August 2019 that a nationwide review conducted by ABC News had identified at least 36 criminal cases where Trump was invoked in direct connection with violence or threats of violence. Of these, 29 were based around someone echoing presidential rhetoric, while the other seven were someone protesting it or not having direct linkage.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/blame-abc-news-finds-17-cases-invoking-trump/story?id=58912889 |title='No Blame?' ABC News finds 36 cases invoking 'Trump' in connection with violence, threats, alleged assaults. |date=August 14, 2019 |first=Mike |last=Levine |publisher=[[ABC News]] |access-date=August 16, 2019}}</ref>
=== Relationship with the press ===
{{Further|Presidency of Donald Trump#Relationship with the news media}}
[[File:President Trump's First 100 Days- 45 (33573172373).jpg|thumb|Trump talking to the press, March 2017]]
Throughout his career, Trump has sought media attention. His interactions with the press turned into what some sources called a "love-hate" relationship.<ref name=Parnes>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/385245-trumps-love-hate-relationship-with-the-press |title=Trump's love-hate relationship with the press |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=April 28, 2018 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |last=Parnes |first=Amy}}</ref><ref name=Ingram-160301>{{cite news |url=https://fortune.com/2016/03/01/media-love-hate-trump/ |title=Love and Hate: The Media's Co-Dependent Relationship With Donald Trump |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=March 1, 2016 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |last=Ingram |first=Mathew}}</ref><ref name=AN-170124>{{cite news |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1043476/science-technology |title=Trump's love-hate relationship with media intensifies |website=[[Arab News]] |date=January 24, 2017 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |first=Ben |last=Flanagan}}</ref> Trump began promoting himself in the press in the 1970s.<ref name=Dantonio-160710>{{cite interview |title=Who is Donald Trump? |date=July 10, 2016 |accessdate=July 4, 2018 |last=D'Antonio |first=Michael |website=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/10/opinions/donald-trump-biography-michael-dantonio/index.html}}</ref> Fox News anchor [[Bret Baier]] and former House speaker [[Paul Ryan]] have characterized Trump as a "troll" who makes controversial statements to see people's "heads explode".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mediaite.com/tv/bret-baier-trump-likes-trolling-the-left-to-watch-heads-explode-even-if-he-contradicts-himself/ |title=Bret Baier: Trump Likes Trolling the Left to Watch 'Heads Explode', Even If He Contradicts Himself |date=July 24, 2018 |first=Josh |last=Feldman}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/07/magazine/paul-ryan-speakership-end-trump.html |title=This Is the Way Paul Ryan's Speakership Ends |first=Mark |last=Leibovich |authorlink=Mark Leibovich |date=August 7, 2018 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
Throughout his 2016 presidential campaign and his presidency, Trump has repeatedly accused the press of intentionally misinterpreting his words and of being biased, calling them "fake news media" and "the enemy of the people".<ref name=Walsh-160724 /><ref>{{cite news |last=Bondarenko |first=Veronika |title=Trump keeps saying 'enemy of the people' – but the phrase has a very ugly history |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-president-trumps-phrase-an-enemy-of-the-people-2017-2 |work=[[Business Insider]] |accessdate=October 25, 2017}}</ref> In the campaign, Trump benefited from a record amount of free media coverage, elevating his standing in the Republican primaries.<ref name=Cillizza-160614/> ''New York Times'' writer [[Amy Chozick]] wrote in September 2018 that one of the reasons for Trump's appeal was his media dominance. To answer the question of why the U.S. public could not stop being enthralled by his actions, she wrote "Even in the so-called golden age of TV, Mr. Trump hasn't just dominated water-cooler conversation; he's sucked the water right out, making all other entertainment from N.F.L. games to awards shows pale in comparison."<ref name="ChozickNYT">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/29/sunday-review/trump-2020-reality-tv.html |title=Why Trump Will Win a Second Term |last=Chozick |first=Amy |authorlink=Amy Chozick |date=September 29, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> Chozick quoted [[Brent Montgomery]], the creator of the reality TV show ''[[Pawn Stars]]'', saying "Part of what he's doing that makes it feel like a reality show is that he is feeding you something every night. You can't afford to miss one episode or you're left behind."<ref name="ChozickNYT"/>
After winning the election, Trump told journalist [[Lesley Stahl]] he intentionally demeaned and discredited the media "so when you write negative stories about me no one will believe you".<ref>{{cite news |last=Thomsen |first=Jacqueline |title='60 Minutes' correspondent: Trump said he attacks the press so no one believes negative coverage |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/388855-60-minutes-correspondent-trump-said-he-attacks-the-press-so-no-one |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=May 23, 2018}}</ref> Into his presidency, Trump has described negative media coverage as "fake news".<ref name=Bump-180509>{{cite news |title=Trump makes it explicit: Negative coverage of him is fake coverage |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 9, 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/05/09/trump-makes-it-explicit-negative-coverage-of-him-is-fake-coverage/ |last=Bump |first=Philip |accessdate=May 9, 2018}}</ref> Trump has privately and publicly mused about taking away critical reporters' White House press credentials.<ref name=":17">{{Cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/05/09/media/president-trump-press-credentials/index.html |title=Trump's latest shot at the press corps: 'Take away credentials?' |first1=Brian |last1=Stelter |author1link=Brian Stelter |first2=Kaitlan |last2=Collins |author2link=Kaitlan Collins |website=[[CNN Money]] |accessdate=May 9, 2018}}</ref> His administration moved to revoke the press passes of two White House reporters, which were restored by the courts.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/30/business/media/trump-media-2019.html |title=After Another Year of Trump Attacks, 'Ominous Signs' for the American Press |first=Michael M. |last=Grynbaum |date=December 30, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In 2019, a member of the foreign press reported many of the same concerns as those of media in the U.S., expressing concern that a normalization process by reporters and media results in an inaccurate characterization of Trump.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/sep/20/as-a-foreign-reporter-visiting-the-us-i-was-stunned-by-trumps-press-conference |title=As a foreign reporter visiting the US I was stunned by Trump's press conference |last=Taylor |first=Lenore |authorlink=Lenore Taylor |date=September 20, 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> The Trump White House held about 100 formal press briefings during 2017, declining by half during 2018 and to two during 2019.<ref name="auto2"/>
In early 2020 the Trump campaign sued ''The New York Times'', ''The Washington Post'' and CNN for alleged defamation.<ref>https://www.npr.org/2020/03/03/811735554/trump-2020-sues-washington-post-days-after-ny-times-defamation-suit</ref><ref>https://www.foxnews.com/media/trump-campaign-sues-cnn-false-defamatory-statements-millions-damages.amp?__twitter_impression=true</ref>
=== Popular culture ===
{{Main|Donald Trump in popular culture|Donald Trump in music}}
Trump has been the subject of comedians, [[Adobe Flash|Flash]] cartoon artists, and online caricature artists. He has been parodied regularly on [[Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump|''Saturday Night Live'']] by [[Phil Hartman]], [[Darrell Hammond]], and [[Alec Baldwin]], and in ''[[South Park]]'' as [[Mr. Garrison]]. ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Bart to the Future]]", written during his [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2000|2000 campaign for the Reform party]], anticipated a future Trump presidency. A dedicated parody series called ''[[The President Show]]'' debuted in April 2017 on [[Comedy Central]], while another one called ''[[Our Cartoon President]]'' debuted on [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] in February 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/04/donald-trump-impression-gets-a-comedy-central-show/521718/ |title='Donald Trump' Gets a Comedy Central Series |first=Megan |last=Garber |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=April 3, 2017 |accessdate=April 4, 2017}}</ref>
Trump's wealth and lifestyle had been a fixture of [[hip-hop]] lyrics since the 1980s, as he was named in hundreds of songs, most often in a positive tone.<ref name=538-hiphop /><ref>{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3PDW6g1ceU |title=25 years of Donald Trump mentions in hip hop |via=YouTube |author=mantolius |date=February 25, 2016 |accessdate=November 15, 2016}}</ref> Mentions of Trump turned negative and pejorative after he ran for office in 2015.<ref name=538-hiphop>{{cite news |url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/clinton-trump-hip-hop-lyrics |title=Hip-Hop Is Turning On Donald Trump |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |date=July 14, 2016 |first=Allison |last=McCann}}</ref>
=== Social media ===
{{Main|Donald Trump on social media}}
Trump's presence on social media has attracted attention worldwide since he joined [[Twitter]] in March 2009. He communicated heavily on Twitter during the 2016 election campaign, and has continued to use this channel during his presidency. The attention on Trump's Twitter activity has significantly increased since he was sworn in as president. As of May 2019, he is in the top 15 for most Twitter followers at more than 60 million.<ref>{{cite web |title=Twitter: Most Followers |url=https://friendorfollow.com/twitter/most-followers/ |accessdate=May 26, 2019}}</ref> Trump has frequently used Twitter as a direct means of communication with the public, sidelining the press.<ref name="federalist-sidelining">{{cite web |url=https://thefederalist.com/2017/01/23/donald-trumps-social-media-use-key-sidelining-press-2/ |title=Donald Trump's Social Media Use Is Key To Sidelining The Press |first=Dustin |last=Steeve |date=January 23, 2017 |work=[[The Federalist (website)|The Federalist]] |accessdate=May 31, 2017}}</ref> Many of the assertions he tweeted have been proven false.<ref name="NYT-20170427">{{cite news |last=Qui |first=Linda |title=Fact-Checking President Trump Through His First 100 Days |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/us/politics/fact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 27, 2017 |accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="WP-20170501">{{cite news |last1=Kessler |first1=Glenn |author1link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |last2=Lee |first2=Michelle Ye Hee |title=Fact Checker Analysis – President Trump's first 100 days: The fact check tally |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/05/01/president-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 1, 2017 |accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="CT-20170624">{{cite news |last1=Drinkard |first1=Jim |last2=Woodward |first2=Calvin |title=Fact check: Trump's missions unaccomplished despite his claims |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/factcheck/ct-fact-check-trump-missions-20170624-story.html |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=June 24, 2017 |accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref>
=== Recognition ===
{{Further|List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump}}
In 1983, Trump received the [[Jewish National Fund Tree of Life Award]], after he helped fund the building of two playgrounds, a park, and a reservoir in Israel.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium-inside-donald-trump-s-history-of-donations-in-israel-1.5469673 |title=Inside Donald Trump's History of Donations in Israel |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |first=Judy |last=Maltz |date=May 9, 2017 |access-date=October 13, 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news|first=Judy|last=Maltz|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-when-trump-helped-resettle-evacuated-israelis-1.5468499|title=Trump Once Helped Finance Resettlement of Israelis Evacuated From Sinai|date=May 4, 2017|newspaper=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref> In 1986, he received the [[Ellis Island Medal of Honor]] in recognition of "patriotism, tolerance, brotherhood and diversity",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.snopes.com/trump-received-ellis-island-award-in-1986/ |title=Did Donald Trump Receive an Ellis Island Award in 1986? |first=Dan |last=Evon |date=September 5, 2016|website=[[Snopes]]}}</ref> and in 1995 was awarded the President's Medal from the [[Freedoms Foundation]] for his support of youth programs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28799230/the_philadelphia_inquirer/ |title=Trump to be honored for working with youths |date=May 25, 1995 |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]}}</ref> [[Liberty University]] awarded Trump an honorary Doctorate of Business in 2012<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liberty.edu/news/index.cfm?PID=18495&MID=65182 |title=Donald Trump addresses largest Convocation crowd, praises Liberty's growth |date=September 24, 2012 |website=[[Liberty University]] |first=Mitzi |last=Bible}}</ref> and an honorary Doctor of Laws in 2017, during his first college commencement speech as president.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liberty.edu/news/index.cfm?PID=18495&MID=234393 |title=LU confers seven honorary doctorates to world changers, including President Trump – Liberty University |website=www.liberty.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/watch-donald-trumps-first-commencement-speech-as-president-129369/ |title=Watch Donald Trump's First Commencement Speech as President |work=[[Rolling Stone]] |first=Daniel |last=Kreps |date=May 13, 2017}}</ref> In 2015, [[Robert Gordon University]] revoked the honorary Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) they had granted him in 2010, stating that "Mr. Trump has made a number of statements that are wholly incompatible with the ethos and values of the university."<ref name="Scot">{{cite news |title=Donald Trump: Robert Gordon University strips honorary degree |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-35054360 |work=[[BBC Online]] |accessdate=December 9, 2015 |date=May 3, 2018}}</ref>
In December 2016, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' named Trump as its "[[Time Person of the Year|Person of the Year]]",<ref name=PersonYear>{{cite news |last=Gibbs |first=Nancy |authorlink=Nancy Gibbs |title=Why Donald Trump is TIME's Person of the Year |url=https://time.com/time-person-of-the-year-2016-donald-trump-choice/ |accessdate=December 7, 2016 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=December 7, 2016}}</ref> but Trump took issue with the magazine for referring to him as the "President of the Divided States of America".<ref>{{cite news |last=Kim |first=Eun Kyung |title=Donald Trump: Mitt Romney is still in the running for secretary of state |url=https://www.today.com/news/donald-trump-mitt-romney-still-running-secretary-state-t105685 |accessdate=December 7, 2016 |work=[[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today]] |date=December 7, 2016}}</ref> In the same month, he was named ''[[Financial Times]]'' [[Financial Times Person of the Year|Person of the Year]]<ref name="FT 2016">{{cite news |last=Luce |first=Edward |authorlink=Edward Luce |title=FT Person of the Year: Donald Trump |url=https://www.ft.com/content/b7bb61ec-c054-11e6-81c2-f57d90f6741a |accessdate=December 17, 2017 |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=December 12, 2016}}</ref> and was ranked by ''[[Forbes]]'' the [[Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People|second most powerful person in the world]] after [[Vladimir Putin]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The World's Most Powerful People |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidewalt/2016/12/14/the-worlds-most-powerful-people-2016/ |newspaper=[[Forbes]] |date=December 2016 |accessdate=December 14, 2016}}</ref> As president, Trump received the [[Order of King Abdulaziz|Collar of The Order of Abdulaziz al Saud]] from Saudi Arabia in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-latest-saudi-arabia-highest-civilian-honour-king-abdulaziz-al-saud-collar-gold-a7746566.html |title=Donald Trump awarded with Saudi Arabia's highest civilian honour within hours of landing in the country |last1=Wilts |first1=Alexandra |date=May 20, 2017 |work=[[The Independent]]|access-date=May 20, 2017}}</ref>
== Investigations ==
{{Further2|Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia ([[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2017)|2017]], [[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (January–June 2018)|January–June 2018]], [[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (July–December 2018)|July–December 2018]] and [[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2019)|2019]])}}
The [[Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)|Crossfire Hurricane]] FBI investigation into possible links between Russia and the Trump campaign was launched in mid-2016 during the campaign season. Since he assumed the presidency, Trump has been the subject of increasing Justice Department and congressional scrutiny, with investigations covering his election campaign, transition and inauguration, actions taken during his presidency, along with his [[The Trump Organization|private businesses]], personal taxes, and [[Donald J. Trump Foundation|charitable foundation]].<ref name="AP2018-12-16">{{cite news |last1=Woodward |first1=Calvin |last2=Pace |first2=Julie |title=Scope of investigations into Trump has shaped his presidency |url=https://apnews.com/6d6361fdf19846cb9eb020d9c6fbfa5a |accessdate=December 19, 2018 |website=[[AP News]] |date=December 16, 2018}}</ref> ''The New York Times'' reported in May 2019 that there were 29 open investigations of Trump, including ten federal criminal investigations, eight state and local investigations, and eleven Congressional investigations.<ref name="NYT_Inv">{{cite news |last1=Buchanan |first1=Larry |last2=Yourish |first2=Karen |title=Tracking 29 Investigations Related to Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/13/us/politics/trump-investigations.html |accessdate=June 9, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 23, 2019}}</ref>
=== Hush payments ===
{{Main|Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal}}
{{See also|Legal affairs of Donald Trump#Payments related to alleged affairs|Karen McDougal#Alleged affair with Donald Trump}}
[[American Media, Inc.]] (AMI) paid $150,000 to ''[[Playboy]]'' model [[Karen McDougal]] in August 2016,<ref name="WSJT">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/national-enquirer-shielded-donald-trump-from-playboy-models-affair-allegation-1478309380 |title=National Enquirer Shielded Donald Trump From Playboy Model's Affair Allegation |last1=Palazzolo |first1=Joe |last2=Rothfeld |first2=Michael |last3=Alpert |first3=Lukas |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=November 4, 2016 |access-date=February 17, 2018}}</ref> and Trump's attorney [[Michael Cohen (lawyer)|Michael Cohen]] paid $130,000 to [[Pornographic film actor|adult film actress]] [[Stormy Daniels]] in October 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43334326 |title=Why the Stormy Daniels-Donald Trump story matters |last=Luckhurst |first=Toby |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=May 3, 2018}}</ref> Both women were paid for [[non-disclosure agreement]]s regarding their alleged affairs with Trump between 2006 and 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/08/21/how-the-campaign-finance-charges-against-michael-cohen-may-implicate-trump |title=How the campaign finance charges against Michael Cohen implicate Trump |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |first=Philip |last=Bump |date=August 21, 2018 |access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref> Cohen pleaded guilty in 2018 to breaking campaign finance laws, saying he had arranged the payments at the direction of Trump in order to influence the presidential election.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/74aaf72511d64fceb1d64529207bde64 |title=Cohen pleads guilty, implicates Trump in hush-money scheme |last1=Neumeister |first1=Larry |last2=Hays |first2=Tom |date=August 22, 2018 |website=[[AP News]]}}</ref> AMI admitted paying McDougal to prevent publication of stories that might damage Trump's electoral chances.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/prosecutors-media-company-admitted-it-paid-off-playboy-model-to-protect-trump-before-election/ |title=National Enquirer owner admits to paying off Playboy model to protect Trump |last1=Watson |first1=Kathryn |website=[[CBS News]] |accessdate=July 22, 2019}}</ref> Trump denied the affairs, and claimed he was not aware of Cohen's payment to Daniels, but reimbursed him in 2017.<ref name="Nelson">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/07/trump-stormy-daniels-payment-444133 |title=White House on Stormy Daniels: Trump 'denied all these allegations' |last=Nelson |first=Louis |date=March 7, 2018 |work=[[Politico]] |accessdate=March 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/22/trump-insists-learned-michael-cohen-payments-later-on-in-fox-friends-exclusive.html |title=Trump insists he learned of Michael Cohen payments 'later on', in 'Fox & Friends' exclusive |last=Singman |first=Brooke |accessdate=August 23, 2018 |website=[[Fox News]] |date=August 22, 2018}}</ref> Federal prosecutors asserted that Trump had been involved in discussions regarding non-disclosure payments as early as 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/federal-prosecutors-recommend-substantial-prison-term-for-former-trump-lawyer-michael-cohen/2018/12/07/e144f248-f7f3-11e8-8c9a-860ce2a8148f_story.html |title=Court filings directly implicate Trump in efforts to buy women's silence, reveal new contact between inner circle and Russian |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |last2=Zapotosky |first2=Matt |date=December 7, 2018 |access-date=December 7, 2018}}</ref> Court documents showed that the FBI believed Trump was directly involved in the payment to Daniels, based on calls he had with Cohen in October 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-cohen/documents-detail-trump-teams-efforts-to-arrange-payment-to-porn-star-idUSKCN1UD18D |title=FBI documents point to Trump role in hush money for porn star Daniels |last1=Allen |first1=Jonathan |last2=Stempel |first2=Jonathan |work=[[Reuters]] |date=July 18, 2019 |access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.apnews.com/2d4138abfd0b4e71a63c94d3203e435a |title=Records detail frenetic effort to bury stories about Trump |last1=Mustian |first1=Jim |website=[[AP News]] |date=July 19, 2019 |access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref> In July 2019, a federal judge disclosed that prosecutors had stated in a court filing that they had closed the investigation,<ref>{{cite news |work=[[AP News]] |date=July 19, 2019 |first=Jim |last=Mustian |title=Why no hush-money charges against Trump? Feds are silent |url=https://apnews.com/0543a381b39a42d09c27567274477983}}</ref> but days later the [[Manhattan District Attorney]] subpoenaed the Trump Organization and AMI for records related to the hush payments<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/01/nyregion/trump-cohen-stormy-daniels-vance.html |title=Manhattan D.A. Subpoenas Trump Organization Over Stormy Daniels Hush Money |first1=Ben |last1=Protess |first2=William K. |last2=Rashbaum |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 1, 2019 |access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref> and in August subpoenaed eight years of tax returns for Trump and the Trump Organization.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 16, 2019 |first1=William K. |last1=Rashbaum |first2=Ben |last2=Protess |title=8 Years of Trump Tax Returns Are Subpoenaed by Manhattan D.A. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/16/nyregion/trump-tax-returns-cy-vance.html}}</ref>
=== Russian interference ===
{{Main|Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections}}
{{See also|Links between Trump associates and Russian officials|Steele dossier|Trump-Ukraine scandal}}
In January 2017, American intelligence agencies{{snd}}the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]], and the [[National Security Agency|NSA]], represented by the [[Director of National Intelligence]]{{snd}}jointly stated with "[[Analytic confidence#Levels of analytic confidence in national security reports|high confidence]]" that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 presidential election to favor the election of Trump.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/06/us/politics/trump-russia-intelligence-agencies-cia-fbi-nsa.html |title=Trump Misleads on Russian Meddling: Why 17 Intelligence Agencies Don't Need to Agree |last=Rosenberg |first=Matthew |authorlink=Matthew Rosenberg |date=July 6, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name="Declassified Report">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/06/us/politics/document-russia-hacking-report-intelligence-agencies.html |title=Intelligence Report on Russian Hacking |date=January 6, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=January 8, 2017 |page=ii |quote=We assess Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the U.S. presidential election. Russia's goals were to undermine public faith in the U.S. democratic process, denigrate Secretary [[Hillary Clinton|Clinton]], and harm her electability and potential presidency. We further assess Putin and the Russian Government developed a clear preference for President-elect Trump. We have high confidence in these judgments.}}</ref> In March 2017, FBI Director [[James Comey]] told Congress that "the FBI, as part of our counterintelligence mission, is investigating the Russian government's efforts to interfere in the 2016 presidential election. That includes investigating the nature of any links between individuals associated with the Trump campaign and the Russian government, and whether there was any coordination between the campaign and Russia's efforts."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/03/its-official-the-fbi-is-investigating-trumps-links-to-russia/520134/ |title=It's Official: The FBI Is Investigating Trump's Links to Russia |last=Berman |first=Russell |date=March 20, 2017 |work=[[The Atlantic]] |accessdate=June 7, 2017}}</ref>
The connections between Trump associates and Russia have been widely reported by the press.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/13/donald-trump-russia-vladimir-putin-us-election-hack |title=Trump's relationship with Russia – what we know and what comes next |last=McCarthy |first=Tom |date=December 13, 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=March 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2017/03/03/the-web-of-relationships-between-team-trump-and-russia/ |title=The web of relationships between Team Trump and Russia |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=March 3, 2017 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=March 11, 2017}}</ref> One of Trump's campaign managers, [[Paul Manafort]], had worked from December 2004 until February 2010 to help pro-Russian politician [[Viktor Yanukovych]] win the Ukrainian presidency.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/08/19/paul-manaforts-complicated-ties-to-ukraine-explained/ |title=Paul Manafort's complicated ties to Ukraine, explained |last=Phillips |first=Amber |date=August 19, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=June 14, 2017}}</ref> Other Trump associates, including former National Security Advisor [[Michael T. Flynn]] and political consultant [[Roger Stone]], have been connected to Russian officials.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Risen |first1=James |title=Roger Stone Made His Name as a Dirty Trickster, but the Trump-Russia Cover-Up May Finally Bring Him Down |url=https://theintercept.com/2019/01/26/roger-stone-made-his-name-as-a-dirty-trickster-but-the-trump-russia-coverup-may-finally-bring-him-down/ |work=The Intercept |date=January 26, 2019}}</ref><ref name="many">{{cite news |url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |title=Donald Trump's Many, Many, Many, Many Ties to Russia |last=Nesbit |first=Jeff |date=August 15, 2016 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |accessdate=February 28, 2017}}</ref> Russian agents were overheard during the campaign saying they could use Manafort and Flynn to influence Trump.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/335035-nyt-russians-discussed-using-manafort-flynn-to-influence-trump |title=NYT: Russians discussed using Manafort, Flynn to influence Trump |last=Williams |first=Katie Bo |date=May 24, 2017 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=May 28, 2017}}</ref>
Members of Trump's campaign and later his White House staff, particularly Flynn, were in contact with Russian officials both before and after the November election.<ref>{{cite news |title=We Still Don't Know What Happened Between Trump and Russia |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/11/we-still-dont-know-what-happened-between-trump-and-russia/602116/ |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=November 15, 2019 |first=David A. |last=Graham}}</ref><ref name="Reuters2">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-contacts-idUSKCN18E106 |title=Exclusive: Trump campaign had at least 18 undisclosed contacts with Russians: sources |last1=Parker |first1=Ned |last2=Landay |first2=Jonathan |last3=Strobel |first3=Warren |date=May 18, 2017 |accessdate=May 19, 2017 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> On December 29, 2016, Flynn talked with Russian Ambassador [[Sergey Kislyak]] about sanctions that had been imposed the same day; Flynn later resigned in the midst of controversy over whether he misled Pence.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/02/13/politics/michael-flynn-white-house-national-security-adviser/ |title=Flynn resigns amid controversy over Russia contacts |last1=Murray |first1=Sara |author1link=Sara Murray (journalist) |last2=Borger |first2=Gloria |author2link=Gloria Borger |last3=Diamond |first3=Jeremy |author3link=Jeremy Diamond (journalist) |date=February 14, 2017 |accessdate=March 2, 2017 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> ''The Washington Post'' reported that Trump told Kislyak and [[Sergei Lavrov]] in May 2017 that he was unconcerned about Russian interference in U.S. elections.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html |title=Trump told Russian officials in 2017 he wasn't concerned about Moscow's interference in U.S. election |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 26, 2019 |first1=Shane |last1=Harris |author1link=Shane Harris |first2=Josh |last2=Dawsey |author2link=Josh Dawsey |first3=Ellen |last3=Nakashima |author3link=Ellen Nakashima}}</ref>
Trump and his allies have promoted [[Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal|a conspiracy theory]] that Ukraine, rather than Russia, interfered in the 2016 election{{snd}}which has also been promoted by Russia in an effort to [[Frameup|frame]] Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/22/us/politics/ukraine-russia-interference.html |title=Charges of Ukrainian Meddling? A Russian Operation, U.S. Intelligence Says |first1=Julian E. |last1=Barnes |first2=Matthew |last2=Rosenberg |author2link=Matthew Rosenberg |date=November 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> After the [[Democratic National Committee]] was hacked, Trump firstly claimed that it withheld "its server" from the FBI (in actuality there were more than 140 servers, of which digital copies were given to the FBI); secondly claimed that [[CrowdStrike]], the company which investigated the servers, was Ukraine-based and Ukrainian-owned (in actuality, CrowdStrike is U.S.-based, with the largest owners being American companies); and thirdly claimed that "the server" was hidden in Ukraine. Members of the Trump administration have spoken out against the conspiracy theories.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pelley |first=Scott |authorlink=Scott Pelley |title=Why President Trump asked Ukraine to look into a DNC "server" and CrowdStrike |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-crowdstrike-ukraine-server-conspiracy-theory-60-minutes-2020-02-16/ |accessdate=February 18, 2020 |work=[[CBS News]] |date=February 16, 2020}}</ref>
=== Special counsel investigation ===
{{Main|Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)|Mueller Report}}
On May 17, 2017, former [[United States Deputy Attorney General|Deputy Attorney General]] [[Rod Rosenstein]] appointed [[Robert Mueller]], a former [[director of the FBI]], to serve as [[special counsel]] for the [[United States Department of Justice]] (DOJ) investigating "any links and/or coordination between Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump, and any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation",<ref name="Mueller_Report">{{cite web |publisher=U.S. Department of Justice |date=March 2019 |first=Robert S. III |last=Mueller |title=Report On The Investigation Into Russian Interference In The 2016 Presidential Election |url=https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf | quote="The Russian government interfered in the 2016 presidential election in sweeping and systematic fashion." [...] "In connection with that analysis, we addressed the factual question whether members of the Trump Campaign 'coordinat[ed]'{{snd}}a term that appears in the appointment order{{snd}}with Russian election interference activities. Like collusion, 'coordination' does not have a settled definition in federal criminal law. We understood coordination to require an agreement{{snd}}tacit or express{{snd}}between the Trump Campaign and the Russian government on election interference. That requires more than the two parties taking actions that were informed by or responsive to the other's actions or interests. We applied the term coordination in that sense when stating in the report that the investigation did not establish that the Trump Campaign coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities."}}</ref><ref name="Rosenstein_5/17/2017"/> thus taking over the existing "[[Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)|Crossfire Hurricane]]" FBI investigation into the matter.<ref name="Rosenstein_5/17/2017">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/17/us/politics/document-Robert-Mueller-Special-Counsel-Russia.html |title=Rod Rosenstein's Letter Appointing Mueller Special Counsel |last=Rosenstein |first=Rod |date=May 17, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=May 18, 2017}}</ref> The special counsel also investigated whether Trump's [[dismissal of James Comey]] as FBI director constituted obstruction of justice, and possible campaign ties to other national governments.<ref name=Vitkovskaya>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/06/15/the-president-is-under-investigation-for-obstruction-of-justice-how-did-we-get-here/ |title=Trump Is Officially under Investigation. How Did We Get Here? |work=[[The Washington Post]] |last=Vitkovskaya |first=Julie |date=June 16, 2017 |accessdate=June 16, 2017 |quote=Trump is officially under investigation{{nbsp}}... Special counsel investigating Trump for possible obstruction of justice ... The president is being investigated ...}}</ref> Trump repeatedly denied any collusion between his campaign and the Russian government.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bump |first=Philip |title=Analysis {{!}} Trump and the White House have denied Russian collusion more than 140 times |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/01/11/trump-and-the-white-house-have-denied-russian-collusion-more-than-140-times/ |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 11, 2018}}</ref> Mueller also investigated the Trump campaign's possible ties to [[Saudi Arabia]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Turkey]], [[Qatar]], [[Israel]], and [[China]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Joshua |last=Keating |authorlink=Joshua Keating |title=It's Not Just a "Russia" Investigation Anymore |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/03/mueller-investigation-spreads-to-qatar-israel-uae-china-turkey.html |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=March 8, 2018}}</ref>
Trump sought to fire Mueller on several occasions{{snd}}in June 2017, December 2017, and April 2018{{snd}}and close the investigation, but backed down after his staff objected or after changing his mind.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Haberman |first1=Maggie |author1link=Maggie Haberman |last2=Schmidt |first2=Michael S. |author2link=Michael S. Schmidt |title=Trump Sought to Fire Mueller in December |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/10/us/politics/trump-sought-to-fire-mueller-in-december.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> He bemoaned the recusal of his first Attorney General Jeff Sessions regarding Russia matters, and believed Sessions should have stopped the investigation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-sessions-twitter-stop-rigged-witch-hunt/story?id=56962100 |title=Trump to Sessions: Shut down Russia probe |last1=Keneally |first1=Meghan |last2=Mallin |first2=Alexander |date=August 1, 2018 |website=[[ABC News]] |accessdate=August 1, 2018}}</ref>
On March 22, 2019, Mueller concluded his investigation and gave [[Mueller Report|his report]] to Attorney General [[William Barr]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/22/robert-mueller-submits-special-counsels-russia-probe-report-to-attorney-general-william-barr.html |title=Mueller probe ends: Special counsel submits Russia report to Attorney General William Barr |last=Breuninger |first=Kevin |date=March 22, 2019 |website=[[CNBC]] |access-date=March 22, 2019}}</ref> On March 24, Barr sent [[Barr letter|a four-page letter]] to Congress summarizing the "principal conclusions" in the report. He quoted Mueller as stating "while this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him." Barr further wrote that he and Rosenstein did not see sufficient evidence to prove obstruction of justice.<ref name=Pramuk>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/24/attorney-general-william-barr-to-release-mueller-russia-probe-findings.html |title=Trump did not collude with Russia, says Mueller, and is cleared of obstruction by the attorney general |first1=Jacob |last1=Pramuk |first2=Spencer |last2=Kimball |date=March 24, 2019 |website=[[CNBC]] |access-date=March 24, 2019}}</ref> Trump interpreted Mueller's report as a "complete exoneration", a phrase he repeated multiple times in the ensuing weeks.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-47687956/mueller-report-a-complete-exoneration-donald-trump |title=Mueller report a 'complete exoneration' – Donald Trump |date=March 24, 2019 |work=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=June 1, 2019}}</ref> Mueller privately complained to Barr on March 27 that his summary did not accurately reflect what the report said,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/mueller-complained-that-barrs-letter-did-not-capture-context-of-trump-probe/2019/04/30/d3c8fdb6-6b7b-11e9-a66d-a82d3f3d96d5_story.html |title=Mueller complained that Barr's letter did not capture 'context' of Trump probe |first1=Devlin |last1=Barrett |first2=Matt |last2=Zapotosky |date=April 30, 2019 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=May 30, 2019}}</ref> and some legal analysts called the Barr letter misleading.<ref name="testcomm2">{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/04/19/mueller-report-analysis-legal-experts-226662 |title=The Surprises in the Mueller Report |date=April 19, 2019 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref>
A redacted version of the report was released to the public on April 18, 2019. The first volume found that Russia interfered to favor Trump's candidacy and hinder Clinton's.<ref name=AFPpoints>{{cite news |title=Main points of Mueller report |url=https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/main-points-mueller-report-doc-1fr5vv1 |website=[[Agence France-Presse]] |accessdate=April 20, 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420143436/https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/main-points-mueller-report-doc-1fr5vv1 |archivedate=April 20, 2019}}</ref> Despite "numerous links between the Russian government and the Trump campaign", the prevailing evidence "did not establish" that Trump campaign members conspired or coordinated with Russian interference.<ref name="GlobeGraphic">{{cite news |last1=Ostriker |first1=Rebecca |last2=Puzzanghera |first2=Jim |last3=Finucane |first3=Martin |last4=Datar |first4=Saurabh |last5=Uraizee |first5=Irfan |last6=Garvin |first6=Patrick |title=What the Mueller report says about Trump and more |url=https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/03/mueller-report/ |website=[[The Boston Globe]] |accessdate=April 22, 2019}}</ref><ref name="TIMErelease">{{cite news |last=Law |first=Tara |title=Here Are the Biggest Takeaways From the Mueller Report |date=April 18, 2019 |url=http://time.com/5567077/mueller-report-release/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |accessdate=April 22, 2019}}</ref> The report states that Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election was illegal and occurred "in sweeping and systematic fashion",<ref name="Mueller_Report"/> and it details how Trump and his campaign welcomed and encouraged foreign interference believing they would politically benefit.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 24, 2019 |first=Mark |last=Mazzetti |authorlink=Mark Mazzetti |title=Mueller Warns of Russian Sabotage and Rejects Trump's 'Witch Hunt' Claims |accessdate=March 4, 2020 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/24/us/politics/trump-mueller-testimony.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[ABC News]] |date=April 19, 2019 |first=Lucien |last=Bruggeman |title=What did the Mueller report reveal about Trump's overtures to the Russians? |accessdate=March 4, 2020 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/mueller-report-reveal-trumps-overtures-russians/story?id=62511529}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 30, 2019 |last=Bump |first=Philip |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/30/trump-briefly-acknowledges-that-russia-aided-his-election-falsely-says-he-didnt-help-effort/ |accessdate=March 5, 2020 |title=Trump briefly acknowledges that Russia aided his election — and falsely says he didn't help the effort |quote=Mueller's investigation bolstered those findings and demonstrated ways in which Trump and his campaign aided or encouraged those interference efforts, even if unwittingly.}}</ref>
The second volume of the Mueller Report dealt with possible obstruction of justice by Trump.<ref name="WaPoLays">{{cite news |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |last2=Zapotosky |first2=Matt |title=Mueller report lays out obstruction evidence against the president |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/attorney-general-to-provide-overview-of-mueller-report-at-news-conference-before-its-release/2019/04/17/8dcc9440-54b9-11e9-814f-e2f46684196e_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 17, 2019 |accessdate=April 20, 2019}}</ref> The report did not exonerate Trump of obstruction inasmuch as investigators were not confident of his innocence after examining his intent and actions.<ref name="FactCheck11">{{Cite news |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2019/04/what-the-mueller-report-says-about-obstruction/ |title=What the Mueller Report Says About Obstruction |last1=Farley |first1=Robert |last2=Robertson |first2=Lori |last3=Gore |first3=D'Angelo |last4=Spencer |first4=Saranac Hale |last5=Fichera |first5=Angelo |last6=McDonald |first6=Jessica |date=April 19, 2019 |website=[[FactCheck.org]] |access-date=April 22, 2019}}</ref> Investigators decided they could not "apply an approach that could potentially result in a judgment that the President committed crimes", as they could not indict a sitting president per an [[Office of Legal Counsel]] (OLC) opinion, and would not accuse him of a crime when he cannot clear his name in court.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/live-news/robert-mueller-statement-today-report-investigation-trump-2016-election-live-updates-2019-05/ |title=Mueller: If it were clear president committed no crime, "we would have said so" |last=Segers |first=Grace |date=May 29, 2019 |work=CBS News |accessdate=June 2, 2019}}</ref> The report concluded that Congress, having the authority to take action against a president for wrongdoing, "may apply the obstruction laws".<ref name=APdilemma>{{cite news |last=Mascaro |first=Lisa |title=Mueller drops obstruction dilemma on Congress |url=https://www.apnews.com/35829a2b010248f193d1efd00c4de7e5 |website=[[AP News]] |date=April 18, 2019 |accessdate=April 20, 2019}}</ref> Congress subsequently launched an [[Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump|impeachment inquiry]] following the [[Trump–Ukraine scandal]], albeit it ultimately did not press charges related to the Mueller investigation.
=== Associates ===
{{see also|Criminal charges brought in the Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)}}
On August 21, 2018, former Trump campaign chairman [[Paul Manafort]] was [[Trials of Paul Manafort|convicted]] on eight felony counts of false tax filing and bank fraud.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/manafort-jury-suggests-it-cannot-come-to-a-consensus-on-a-single-count/2018/08/21/a2478ac0-a559-11e8-a656-943eefab5daf_story.html |title=Manafort convicted on eight counts; mistrial declared on ten others |last=Zapotosky |first=Matt |last2=Bui |first2=Lynh |last3=Jackman |first3=Tom |last4=Barrett |first4=Devlin |date=August 21, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=August 21, 2018}}</ref> Trump said he felt very badly for Manafort and praised him for resisting the pressure to make a deal with prosecutors, saying "Such respect for a brave man!" According to [[Rudy Giuliani]], Trump's personal attorney, Trump had sought advice about pardoning Manafort but was counseled against it.<ref name="Leonnig823">{{cite news |last1=Leonnig |first1=Carol D. |author1link=Carol D. Leonnig |last2=Dawsey |first2=Josh |author2link=Josh Dawsey |date=August 23, 2018 |title=Trump sought his lawyers' advice weeks ago on possibility of pardoning Manafort, Giuliani says |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-sought-his-lawyers-advice-weeks-ago-on-possibility-of-pardoning-manafort-but-they-counseled-against-it-giuliani-says/2018/08/23/17dce5c6-a70a-11e8-8fac-12e98c13528d_story.html |work=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=August 23, 2018}}</ref>
On November 29, Trump's former attorney Michael Cohen pleaded guilty to lying to Congress about Trump's 2016 attempts to reach a deal with Russia to build [[Trump Tower Moscow|a Trump Tower in Moscow]]. Cohen said he had made the false statements on behalf of Trump, who was identified as "Individual-1" in the court documents.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michael-cohen-trumps-former-lawyer-pleads-guilty-to-lying-to-congress/2018/11/29/5fac986a-f3e0-11e8-bc79-68604ed88993_story.html |title=Michael Cohen, Trump's former lawyer, pleads guilty to lying to Congress about Moscow project |date=November 29, 2018 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Devlin |last1=Barrett |first2=Matt |last2=Zapotosky |first3=Rosalind S. |last3=Helderman |author3link=Rosalind Helderman |accessdate=December 12, 2018}}</ref>
The five Trump associates who have pleaded guilty or have been convicted in Mueller's investigation or related cases include Paul Manafort, deputy campaign manager [[Rick Gates (political consultant)|Rick Gates]], foreign policy advisor [[George Papadopoulos]], Michael Flynn, and Michael Cohen.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mangan |first=Dan |title=Trump and Giuliani are right that 'collusion is not a crime.' But that doesn't matter for Mueller's probe |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/30/giuliani-is-right-collusion-isnt-a-crime-but-that-wont-help-trump.html |website=[[CNBC]] |date=July 30, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=<!-- staff writers; no byline --> |title=Mueller investigation: No jail time sought for Trump ex-adviser Michael Flynn |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46449950 |work=[[BBC Online]] |date=December 5, 2018}}</ref> On January 25, 2019, Trump adviser [[Roger Stone]] was arrested at his home in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and indicted on seven criminal charges.<ref name=Mazzetti-190125>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/25/us/politics/roger-stone-trump-mueller.html |title=Indicting Roger Stone, Mueller Shows Link Between Trump Campaign and WikiLeaks |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 25, 2019 |accessdate=January 25, 2019 |first1=Mark |last1=Mazzetti |author1link=Mark Mazzetti |first2=Eileen |last2=Sullivan |author2link=Eileen Sullivan |first3=Maggie |last3=Haberman |author3link=Maggie Haberman}}</ref> He was later convicted and sentenced to three years and four months in prison.<ref name=-200220>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/roger-stone-sentence-due-thursday-in-federal-court/2020/02/19/2e01bfc8-4c38-11ea-9b5c-eac5b16dafaa_story.html | title=Roger Stone sentenced to three years and four months in prison, as Trump predicts 'exoneration' for his friend | work=[[The Washington Post]] | date=February 20, 2020 | accessdate=March 3, 2020}}</ref>
=== 2019 congressional investigation ===
In March 2019, the [[House Judiciary Committee]] launched a broad investigation of Trump for possible obstruction of justice, corruption, and abuse of power.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/house-judiciary-committee-launches-probe-191841170.html |title=House Judiciary Committee launches probe into possible obstruction by Trump |date=March 3, 2019 |accessdate=March 3, 2019 |website=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> Committee chairman [[Jerrold Nadler]] sent letters demanding documents to 81 individuals and organizations associated with Trump's presidency, business, and private life, saying it is "very clear that the president obstructed justice".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/03/house-panel-widen-trump-probe-request-documents-190303172658255.html |title=US: House panel to widen Trump probe, request documents |date=March 3, 2019 |accessdate=March 3, 2019 |website=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref><ref name="Fandos-190304">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/04/us/politics/trump-obstruction.html |title=With Sweeping Document Request, Democrats Launch Broad Trump Corruption Inquiry |last=Fandos |first=Nicholas |date=March 4, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=March 6, 2019 |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos}}</ref> Three other committee chairmen wrote the White House and State Department requesting details of Trump's communications with Putin, including any efforts to conceal the content of those communications.<ref name="Fandos-190304" /> The White House refused to comply, asserting that presidential communications with foreign leaders are protected and confidential.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/21/politics/trump-putin-white-house-rejects/index.html |title=White House rejects Dem requests for info on Putin communications |last1=Herb |first1=Jeremy |date=March 21, 2019 |accessdate=March 21, 2019 |website=[[CNN]] |last2=Brown |first2=Pamela |author2link=Pamela Brown (journalist)}}</ref>
== Impeachment ==
{{Main|Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump|Impeachment of Donald Trump|Impeachment trial of Donald Trump}}
{{See also|Trump–Ukraine scandal}}
Impeachment and trial is a process under the [[United States Constitution]] whereby the legislature can remove from office a president, cabinet member, judge, or other civil officer.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cole|first1=Jared P.|last2=Garvey|first2=Todd|title=Impeachment and Removal|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44260.pdf|work=Congressional Research Service|date=October 29, 2015|access-date=January 25, 2020}}</ref> The [[U.S. House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] investigates the case; if the House votes to bring charges, that is an impeachment. There is then a trial in the [[U.S. Senate|Senate]]; a two-thirds vote is required to remove the person from office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articleii|title=Article 2, United States Constitution|publisher=Legal Information Institute}}</ref>
=== Impeachment by the House of Representatives ===
During much of Trump's presidency, Democrats were divided on the question of impeachment.<ref>{{cite news |title='Reluctant impeachment': Will Pelosi ever be swayed to go there? |first=Lindsey |last=McPherson |url=https://www.rollcall.com/news/congress/reluctant-impeachment-will-pelosi-ever-swayed-go |work=[[Roll Call]] |date=May 24, 2019}}</ref> Fewer than 20 representatives in the House supported impeachment by January 2019; after the Mueller Report was released in April and special counsel Robert Mueller testified in July, this number grew to around 140 representatives.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bump |first1=Philip |title=The most important number in the impeachment fight keeps getting smaller |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/24/most-important-number-impeachment-fight-right-now/ |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref>
In August 2019, a [[Whistleblower protection in the United States|whistleblower]] filed a complaint with the [[Inspector General of the Intelligence Community]] about a July 25 phone call between Trump and President of Ukraine [[Volodymyr Zelensky]], during which Trump had pressured Zelensky to investigate [[CrowdStrike]] and Democratic presidential primary candidate [[Joe Biden]] and his son [[Hunter Biden|Hunter]], adding that the White House attempted to "lock down" the call records in a cover-up.<ref name="undermine">{{cite news |last1=Bump |first1=Philip |title=Trump wanted Russia's main geopolitical adversary to help undermine the Russian interference story |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/25/trump-wanted-russias-main-geopolitical-adversary-help-him-undermine-russian-interference-story/ |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> The whistleblower further stated that the call was part of a wider pressure campaign by Giuliani and the Trump administration which may have included withholding financial aid from Ukraine in July 2019 and canceling Vice President Pence's May 2019 Ukraine trip.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/26/politics/whistleblower-complaint-released/index.html |title=Whistleblower says White House tried to cover up Trump's abuse of power |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=September 26, 2019 |access-date=September 26, 2019 |first1=Marshall |last1=Cohen |first2=Katelyn |last2=Polantz |first3=David |last3=Shortell}}</ref> Trump later confirmed having withheld military aid from Ukraine and offered contradicting reasons for the decision.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Forgey |first1=Quint |title=Trump changes story on withholding Ukraine aid |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/09/24/donald-trump-ukraine-military-aid-1509070 |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[Politico]] |date=September 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=John |last1=Wagner |first2=Felicia |last2=Sonmez |first3=Colby |last3=Itkowitz |title=Live updates: Top Democrat warns White House 'we're not fooling around' on impeachment inquiry |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-impeachment-whistleblower/2019/10/02/80df829a-e494-11e9-b403-f738899982d2_story.html |accessdate=October 2, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kramer |first1=Andrew E. |title=Ukraine to Review Criminal Case on Owner of Firm Linked to Biden's Son |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/04/world/europe/ukraine-biden-burisma.html |accessdate=October 4, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 4, 2019}}</ref>
After the whistleblower complaint became known in September 2019, House speaker [[Nancy Pelosi]] initiated [[Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump|a formal impeachment inquiry]] on September 24.<ref name="Fandos">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 24, 2019 |first=Nicholas |last=Fandos |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos |title=Nancy Pelosi Announces Formal Impeachment Inquiry of Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/24/us/politics/democrats-impeachment-trump.html}}</ref><ref name="The Washington Post">{{cite news |last1=Rucker |first1=Philip |author1link=Philip Rucker |last2=Bade |first2=Rachael |last3=Costa |first3=Robert |author3link=Robert Costa (journalist) |title=Trump deflects and defies as Democrats speed up impeachment strategy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-deflects-and-defies-as-democrats-speed-up-impeachment-strategy/2019/09/25/d73de84a-dfc9-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html |accessdate=September 26, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> The Trump administration subsequently released a memorandum of the July 25 phone call, confirming that after Zelensky mentioned purchasing American anti-tank missiles, Trump asked Zelensky to investigate and to discuss these matters with Trump's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani and Attorney General William Barr.<ref name="undermine"/><ref name="abcnews.go.com">{{cite news |last1=Santucci |first1=John |last2=Mallin |first2=Alexander |last3=Thomas |first3=Pierre |author3link=Pierre Thomas (journalist) |last4=Faulders |first4=Katherine |title=Trump urged Ukraine to work with Barr and Giuliani to probe Biden: Call transcript |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/transcript-trump-call-ukraine-includes-talk-giuliani-barr/story?id=65848768 |accessdate=October 1, 2019 |work=[[ABC News]] |date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> According to the testimony of multiple administration officials and former officials, the events were part of a broader effort to further Trump's personal interests by giving him an advantage in the upcoming presidential election.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2019/09/24/whistleblower-complaint/assets/amp.html |title=Newsgraphics: Read The Whistleblower Complaint |date=September 24, 2019 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 2, 2019}}</ref>
Among several State Department employees testifying to congressional committees in October 2019, [[William B. Taylor Jr.]], the [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Ukraine|chargé d'affaires for Ukraine]], testified that soon after arriving in Ukraine in June 2019, he found that Zelensky was being subjected to pressure from a private initiative directed by Trump and led by Giuliani. According to Taylor and others, the goal was to coerce Zelensky into making a public commitment to investigate the company that employed Hunter Biden, as well as rumors about Ukrainian involvement in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/22/us/trump-impeachment-ukraine.html |title=Ukraine Envoy Testifies Trump Linked Military Aid to Investigations, Lawmaker Says |last1=Shear |first1=Michael D. |author1link=Michael D. Shear |last2=Fandos |first2=Nicholas |author2link=Nicholas Fandos |date=October 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 22, 2019 }}</ref> He said it was made clear that until Zelensky made such an announcement, the administration would not release scheduled military aid for Ukraine and not invite Zelensky to the White House.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/22/us/politics/william-taylor-testimony.html |title=6 Key Revelations of Taylor's Opening Statement to Impeachment Investigators |last=LaFraniere |first=Sharon |authorlink=Sharon LaFraniere |date=October 22, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 23, 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/22/william-taylor-ukraine-testimony-trump-054259 |title=William Taylor testifies about deep-seated push for Ukraine quid pro quo |last1=Cheney |first1=Kyle |author1link=Kyle Cheney (journalist) |last2=Desiderio |first2=Andrew |date=October 22, 2019 |website=[[Politico]] |access-date=October 22, 2019 }}</ref> Zelensky denied that he felt pressured by Trump.<ref name="Zelensky Pressure">{{cite news|url=https://time.com/5686305/zelensky-ukraine-denies-trump-pressure/|title='Nobody Pushed Me.' Ukrainian President Denies Trump Pressured Him to Investigate Biden's Son|last=Law|first=Tara|date=September 25, 2019|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=November 20, 2019}}</ref>
On December 3, 2019, the [[House Intelligence Committee]] published a report authored by Democrats on the committee, stating that "the impeachment inquiry has found that President Trump, personally and acting through agents within and outside of the U.S. government, solicited the interference of a foreign government, Ukraine, to benefit his reelection." The report stated that Trump withheld military aid and a White House invitation in order to influence Ukraine to announce investigations into Trump's political rivals. Furthermore, the report described Trump was the only U.S. president thus far to have "openly and indiscriminately" defied impeachment proceedings by telling his administration officials to ignore subpoenas for documents and testimony.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mascaro |first1=Lisa |last2=Jalonick |first2=Mary Clare |first3=Zeke |last3=Miller |first4=Colleen |last4=Long |first5=Eric |last5=Tucker |first6=Jill |last6=Colvin |agency=[[Associated Press]] |title=House Releases 300-Page Report Outlining Evidence for Trump's Impeachment |url=https://time.com/5743345/house-releases-trump-impeachment-report/ |accessdate=December 11, 2019 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=December 3, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Weiland |first1=Noah |title=Impeachment Briefing: The Democratic Report |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/03/us/politics/impeachment-briefing-the-democratic-report.html |accessdate=December 11, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 3, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Intel-Report">{{Cite web|url=https://intelligence.house.gov/uploadedfiles/20191203_-_full_report___hpsci_impeachment_inquiry_-_20191203.pdf|title=Report of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Pursuant to H. Res. 660 in Consultation with the House Committee on Oversight and Reform and the House Committee on Foreign Affairs|last=House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence|date=December 3, 2019|website=U.S. House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence|access-date=December 5, 2019}}</ref>{{Rp|8,208}} The Republicans of the House Committees had released a draft of a countering report the previous day, saying in part that the evidence "does not prove any of these Democrat allegations, and none of the Democrats' witnesses testified to having evidence of bribery, extortion, or any high crime or misdemeanor."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/12/02/house-gop-draft-report-defends-president-trump-impeachment-inquiry/2590245001/ |title=House GOP report on impeachment inquiry defends Trump's dealings with Ukraine |work=[[USA Today]]|date=December 2, 2019 |accessdate=December 12, 2019 |first1=Bart |last1=Jansen |first2=Christal |last2=Hayes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/12/02/784183484/read-republican-report-on-the-impeachment-inquiry |title= Republican Report On The Impeachment Inquiry |work=[[NPR]]|date=December 2, 2019 |accessdate=December 12, 2019}}</ref>
On December 13, 2019, the House Judiciary Committee voted along party lines to pass two articles of impeachment: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.<ref name = Siegel>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/house-judiciary-committee-set-vote-trump-impeachment-articles/story?id=67706093|last1=Siegel|first1=Benjamin|last2=Faulders|first2=Katherine|title=House Judiciary Committee passes articles of impeachment against President Trump|date=December 13, 2019|work=ABC News|accessdate=December 13, 2019}}</ref> After debate, the House of Representatives impeached Trump with both articles on December 18.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gregorian |first1=Dareh |title=Trump impeached by the House for abuse of power, obstruction of Congress |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-impeachment-inquiry/trump-impeached-house-abuse-power-n1104196 |accessdate=December 18, 2019 |work=NBC News |date=December 18, 2019}}</ref>
=== Impeachment trial in the Senate ===
{{Main|Impeachment trial of Donald Trump}}
The Senate impeachment trial began on January 16, 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last=Herb |first=Jeremy |title=Senate impeachment trial of Donald Trump officially begins |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/16/politics/senate-impeachment-trial-starts/index.html |accessdate=January 18, 2020 |website=[[CNN]] |date=January 16, 2020}}</ref> On January 22, the Republican Senate majority rejected amendments proposed by the Democratic minority to call witnesses and subpoena documents; evidence collected during the House impeachment proceedings will be entered into the Senate record automatically unless objected to on a case-by-case basis.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-impeachment-inquiry/senate-passes-mcconnell-impeachment-rules-after-nearly-13-hours-debate-n1119861 |title=Senate passes McConnell impeachment rules after nearly 13 hours of debate |work=[[NBC News]] |first=Dareh |last=Gregorian |date=2020-01-22 |accessdate=2020-01-22}}</ref> For the three days, January 22–24, the impeachment managers for the House presented their case to the Senate. They cited evidence to support charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress, and asserted that Trump's actions were exactly what the founding fathers had in mind when they included an impeachment process in the Constitution.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/democrats-detail-abuse-of-power-charge-against-trump-as-republicans-complain-of-repetitive-arguments/2020/01/23/3fb149b4-3e05-11ea-8872-5df698785a4e_story.html |title=Democrats detail abuse-of-power charge against Trump as Republicans complain of repetitive arguments |date=January 23, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=27 January 2020}}</ref> Responding over the next three days, the Trump legal team did not deny the facts as presented in the charges, but said Trump had not broken any laws or obstructed Congress.<ref name="brazen">{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 22, 2020 |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |author1link=Michael D. Shear |first2=Nicholas |last2=Fandos |author2link=Nicholas Fandos |title=Trump's Defense Team Calls Impeachment Charges 'Brazen' as Democrats Make Legal Case |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/18/us/politics/house-trump-impeachment.html|access-date=January 30, 2020}}</ref> They argued that the impeachment was "constitutionally and legally invalid" because Trump was not charged with a crime, that abuse of power is not an impeachable offense, and that Trump therefore should be acquitted immediately.<ref name="brazen"/> January 29 and 30 were devoted to written questions from senators.<ref name=questions>{{cite news |last1=Samuelsohn |first1=Darren |last2=Levine |first2=Marianne |title=12 questions to expect at Trump's impeachment trial |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/01/29/questions-trump-impeachment-trial-108238 |accessdate=January 29, 2020 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 29, 2020}}</ref> On January 31, the Senate voted against calling any witnesses,<ref>{{cite news |first1=John |last1=Haltiwanger |first2=Sonam |last2=Sheth |title=In an Unprecedented Move, the Senate Voted against Calling Witnesses in Trump's Impeachment Trial |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=January 31, 2020 |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/senate-voted-against-calling-witnesses-in-trump-impeachment-trial-2020-1}}</ref> making this the first impeachment trial in U.S. history without witness testimony.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bookbinder |first=Noah |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/01/09/senate-has-conducted-15-impeachment-trials-it-heard-witnesses-every-one/ |title=The Senate has conducted 15 impeachment trials. It heard witnesses in every one. |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 9, 2020 |access-date=February 8, 2020}}</ref> On February 5, Trump was acquitted of both charges in a vote nearly along party lines, with Republican [[Mitt Romney]] being the only senator{{snd}}and the first senator in U.S. history{{snd}}to cross party lines by voting to convict on one of the charges.<ref>{{cite news |last=Fandos |first=Nicholas |authorlink=Nicholas Fandos |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/05/us/politics/trump-acquitted-impeachment.html |title=Trump Acquitted of Two Impeachment Charges in Near Party-Line Vote |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 5, 2020 |access-date=February 7, 2020}}</ref> Following his acquittal, Trump began identifying and removing political appointees and career officials he deemed insufficiently loyal.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 21, 2020 |first1=Toluse |last1=Olorunnipa |author1link=Toluse Olorunnipa |first2=Ashley |last2=Parker |author2link=Ashley Parker |first3=Josh |last3=Dawsey |author3link=Josh Dawsey |title=Trump embarks on expansive search for disloyalty as administration-wide purge escalates |accessdate=February 22, 2020 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/were-cleaning-it-out-trump-embarks-on-expansive-search-for-disloyalty-as-administration-wide-purge-escalates/2020/02/21/870e6c56-54c1-11ea-b119-4faabac6674f_story.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 22, 2020 |first=Peter |last=Baker |authorlink=Peter Baker (journalist) |title=Trump's Efforts to Remove the Disloyal Heightens Unease Across His Administration |accessdate=February 22, 2020 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/22/us/politics/trump-disloyalty-turnover.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[CNN]] |date=February 21, 2020 |first1=Jeremy |last1=Diamond |author1link=Jeremy Diamond |first2=Jim |last2=Acosta |author2link=Jim Acosta |first3=Kaitlan |last3=Collins |author3link=Kaitlan Collins |first4=Kristen |last4=Holmes |title=President's new personnel head tells agencies to look out for disloyal staffers |accessdate=February 22, 2020 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/21/politics/john-mcentee-disloyal-white-house-staffers/index.html}}</ref>
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
=== Works cited ===
<!-- This section is ONLY for books that are cited in footnotes of this Wikipedia article. -->
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |title=Trump: The Deals and the Downfall |last=Barrett |first=Wayne |authorlink=Wayne Barrett |publisher=[[Harper Collins]] |year=2016 |orig-year=First published 1992 |edition=First Regan Art Paperback |isbn=978-1-682450-79-6 |ref=harv}} Paperback title: ''The greatest show on Earth{{snd}}The deals, the downfall, the reinvention''.
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ig1ZCgAAQBAJ |title=Donald Trump: The Candidate |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2015a |isbn=978-1-4391-2937-1 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ |title=The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |authorlink=Gwenda Blair |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2015b|orig-year=First published 2001 |isbn=978-1-5011-3936-9 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G7Tf_1GzlHEC |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1989 |last=Gallup |first=George Jr. |authorlink=George Gallup Jr. |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-8420-2344-3 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Xjp3R1PqO4C |title=Empire: A Tale of Obsession, Betrayal, and the Battle for an American Icon |last=Pacelle |first=Mitchell |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-471-23865-2 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |title=Trump Revealed: The Definitive Biography of the 45th President |last1=Kranish |first1=Michael |author1link=Michael Kranish |last2=Fisher |first2=Marc |author2link=Marc Fisher |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2017 |orig-year=First published 2016 |isbn=978-1-5011-5652-6 |ref=harv |title-link=Trump Revealed}}
* {{cite book |title=Trumped! |last1=O'Donnell |first1=John R. |last2=Rutherford |first2=James |publisher=Crossroad Press Trade Edition |year=1991 |orig-year=First published 1991 |isbn=978-1946025-26-5 |ref=harv |title-link=Trumped! (book)}}
* {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/trumpartofdeal0000trum |url-access=registration |title=Trump: The Art of the Deal |first1=Donald J. |last1=Trump |first2=Tony |last2=Schwartz |author2link=Tony Schwartz (author) |publisher=[[Random House]] |year=2009 |orig-year=First published 1987 |isbn=978-0-446-35325-0 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NIPOonZnkDEC |title=Donald Trump: From Real Estate to Reality TV |last=Wooten |first=Sara |publisher=[[Enslow Publishers]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7660-2890-6 |ref=harv}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
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* [https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president-trump President Trump's profile on WhiteHouse.gov]
* [https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump Donald Trump] on Twitter (personal)<!-- DO NOT CHANGE without prior consensus, see [[Talk:Donald Trump#Current consensus]], item 9. -->
* [https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/607230 Donald Trump] at ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''
* [https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/donald-trump Donald Trump collected news and commentary]. ''The New York Times''.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170223112959/https://topics.wsj.com/person/T/Donald-Trump/159 Donald Trump collected news and commentary]. ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''.
* [https://www.c-span.org/person/?donaldtrump Donald Trump appearances] on [[C-SPAN]]
* [https://archive.org/details/trumparchive Donald Trump] on the [[Internet Archive]]
* [https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/people/donald-j-trump Talking About Donald Trump] at [[The Interviews: An Oral History of Television]]
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{{As of|April 2018}}, Trump and his businesses had been involved in more than 4,000 state and federal legal actions, according to a running tally by ''[[USA Today]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dive into Donald Trump's thousands of lawsuits |url=https://www.usatoday.com/pages/interactives/trump-lawsuits/ |accessdate=April 17, 2018 |work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> {{As of|2016}}, he or one of his companies had been the plaintiff in 1,900 cases and the defendant in 1,450.<ref name="USATodayAnalysis">{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Trump's 3,500 lawsuits unprecedented for a presidential nominee |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/06/01/donald-trump-lawsuits-legal-battles/84995854/ |accessdate=June 2, 2016 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=June 2, 2016 |first1=Nick |last1=Penzenstadler |first2=Susan |last2=Page |author2link=Susan Page |quote=About 100 additional disputes centered on other issues at the casinos. Trump and his enterprises have been named in almost 700 personal-injury claims and about 165 court disputes with government agencies ... Due to his branding value, Trump is determined to defend his name and reputation.}}</ref>
-While Trump has not filed for [[personal bankruptcy]], his over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York filed for [[Chapter 11 bankruptcy]] protection six times between 1991 and 2009.<ref name="CO">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ |first=Clare |last=O'Connor |title=Fourth Time's A Charm: How Donald Trump Made Bankruptcy Work For Him |work=[[Forbes]] |date=April 29, 2011 |accessdate=February 19, 2015}}</ref><ref name="TW">{{cite news |last=Winter|first=Tom|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-bankruptcy-math-doesn-t-add-n598376|title=4Trump Bankruptcy Math Doesn't Add Up|work=[[NBC]] |date=June 24, 2016 |accessdate=February 26, 2020}}</ref> They continued to operate while the banks restructured debt and reduced Trump's shares in the properties.<ref name="CO"/><ref name="TW"/>
+While Trump has not filed for [[personal bankruptcy]], his over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York filed for [[Chapter 11 bankruptcy]] protection six times between 1991 and 2009.<ref name="CO">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ |first=Clare |last=O'Connor |title=Fourth Time's A Charm: How Donald Trump Made Bankruptcy Work For Him |work=[[Forbes]] |date=April 29, 2011 |accessdate=February 19, 2015}}</ref><ref name="TW">{{cite news |last=Winter|first=Tom|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-bankruptcy-math-doesn-t-add-n598376|title=4Trump Bankruptcy Math Doesn't Add Up|work=[[NBC]] |date=June 24, 2016 |accessdate=February 26, 2020}}</ref> They continued to operate while the banks restructured debt and reduced Trump's shares in the properties.<ref name="CO"/><ref name="TW"/>
During the 1980s, more than 70 banks had lent Trump $4 billion,<ref name="ArtOfTheSpin">{{cite news |work=[[Reuters]] |date=July 17, 2016 |first=Emily |last=Flitter |title=Art of the spin: Trump bankers question his portrayal of financial comeback |accessdate=October 14, 2018 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-trump-bankruptcies-insig/art-of-the-spin-trump-bankers-question-his-portrayal-of-financial-comeback-idUSKCN0ZX0GP}}</ref> but in the aftermath of his corporate bankruptcies of the early 1990s, most major banks declined to lend to him, with only [[Deutsche Bank]] still willing to lend money.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=December 8, 2017 |first=Allan |last=Smith |title=Trump's long and winding history with Deutsche Bank could now be at the center of Robert Mueller's investigation |accessdate=October 14, 2018 |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12}}</ref>
@@ -209,9 +209,9 @@
{{Main|Donald J. Trump Foundation}}
-The Donald J. Trump Foundation was a U.S.-based private foundation established in 1988 for the initial purpose of giving away proceeds from the book ''Trump: The Art of the Deal''.<ref name=":0b">{{cite news |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/133404773 |title=Nonprofit Explorer – ProPublica |website=[[ProPublica]] |first1=Mike |last1=Tigas |first2=Sisi |last2=Wei |accessdate=September 9, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":1b">{{Cite news |first=David A. |last=Fahrenthold |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/09/01/trump-pays-irs-a-penalty-for-his-foundation-violating-rules-with-gift-to-florida-attorney-general/ |title=Trump pays IRS a penalty for his foundation violating rules with gift to aid Florida attorney general |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 1, 2016}}</ref> In the foundation's final years its funds mostly came from donors other than Trump, who did not donate any personal funds to the charity from 2009 until 2014.<ref name="WaPoMissing">{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/a-portrait-of-trump-the-donor-free-rounds-of-golf-but-no-personal-cash/2016/04/10/373b9b92-fb40-11e5-9140-e61d062438bb_story.html |title=Missing from Trump's list of charitable giving: His own personal cash |date=April 10, 2016 |first1=David A. |last1=Fahrenthold |author1link=David Fahrenthold |last2=Helderman |first2=Rosalind S. |author2link=Rosalind Helderman |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> The foundation gave to health care and sports-related charities, as well as conservative groups.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Long Island Business News]] |date=September 15, 2016 |first=Claude |last=Solnik |title=Taking a peek at Trump's (foundation) tax returns |url=https://libn.com/2016/09/15/taking-a-peek-at-trumps-foundation-tax-returns/}}</ref>
+The Donald J. Trump Foundation was a U.S.-based private foundation established in 1988 for the initial purpose of giving away proceeds from the book ''Trump: The Art of the Deal''.<ref name=":0b">{{cite news |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/133404773 |title=Nonprofit Explorer – ProPublica |website=[[ProPublica]] |first1=Mike |last1=Tigas |first2=Sisi |last2=Wei |accessdate=September 9, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":1b">{{Cite news |first=David A. |last=Fahrenthold |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/09/01/trump-pays-irs-a-penalty-for-his-foundation-violating-rules-with-gift-to-florida-attorney-general/ |title=Trump pays IRS a penalty for his foundation violating rules with gift to aid Florida attorney general |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 1, 2016}}</ref> In the foundation's final years its funds mostly came from donors other than Trump, who did not donate any personal funds to the charity from 2009 until 2014.<ref name="WaPoMissing">{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/a-portrait-of-trump-the-donor-free-rounds-of-golf-but-no-personal-cash/2016/04/10/373b9b92-fb40-11e5-9140-e61d062438bb_story.html |title=Missing from Trump's list of charitable giving: His own personal cash |date=April 10, 2016 |first1=David A. |last1=Fahrenthold |author1link=David Fahrenthold |last2=Helderman |first2=Rosalind S. |author2link=Rosalind Helderman |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> The foundation gave to health care and sports-related charities, as well as conservative groups.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Long Island Business News]] |date=September 15, 2016 |first=Claude |last=Solnik |title=Taking a peek at Trump's (foundation) tax returns |url=https://libn.com/2016/09/15/taking-a-peek-at-trumps-foundation-tax-returns/}}</ref>
-In 2016, ''The Washington Post'' reported that the charity had committed several potential legal and ethical violations, including alleged self-dealing and possible tax evasion.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 15, 2016 |first1=Chris |last1=Cillizza |author1link=Chris Cillizza |first2=David A. |last2=Fahrenthold |author2link=David Fahrenthold |title=Meet the reporter who's giving Donald Trump fits |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/news/the-fix/wp/2016/09/15/how-the-reporter-behind-the-trump-foundation-stories-does-it/}}</ref> Also in 2016, the New York State Attorney General's office said the foundation appeared to be in violation of New York laws regarding charities and ordered it to immediately cease its fundraising activities in New York.<ref name="hit">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/13/politics/eric-schneiderman-donald-trump-foundation/ |title=NY attorney general is investigating Trump Foundation practices |date=September 14, 2016 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=September 25, 2016 |last1=Bradner |first1=Eric |last2=Frehse |first2=Rob}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 3, 2016 |first=David A. |last=Fahrenthold |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |title=Trump Foundation ordered to stop fundraising by N.Y. attorney general's office |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html}}</ref> Trump's team announced in late December 2016 that the Foundation would be dissolved to remove "even the appearance of any conflict with [his] role as President".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest |title=Donald Trump to dissolve his charitable foundation after mounting complaints |last=Jacobs |first=Ben |authorlink=Ben Jacobs (journalist) |date=December 24, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=December 25, 2016}}</ref>
+In 2016, ''The Washington Post'' reported that the charity had committed several potential legal and ethical violations, including alleged self-dealing and possible tax evasion.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 15, 2016 |first1=Chris |last1=Cillizza |author1link=Chris Cillizza |first2=David A. |last2=Fahrenthold |author2link=David Fahrenthold |title=Meet the reporter who's giving Donald Trump fits |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/news/the-fix/wp/2016/09/15/how-the-reporter-behind-the-trump-foundation-stories-does-it/}}</ref> Also in 2016, the New York State Attorney General's office said the foundation appeared to be in violation of New York laws regarding charities and ordered it to immediately cease its fundraising activities in New York.<ref name="hit">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/13/politics/eric-schneiderman-donald-trump-foundation/ |title=NY attorney general is investigating Trump Foundation practices |date=September 14, 2016 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=September 25, 2016 |last1=Bradner |first1=Eric |last2=Frehse |first2=Rob}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 3, 2016 |first=David A. |last=Fahrenthold |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |title=Trump Foundation ordered to stop fundraising by N.Y. attorney general's office |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html}}</ref> Trump's team announced in late December 2016 that the Foundation would be dissolved to remove "even the appearance of any conflict with [his] role as President".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest |title=Donald Trump to dissolve his charitable foundation after mounting complaints |last=Jacobs |first=Ben |authorlink=Ben Jacobs (journalist) |date=December 24, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=December 25, 2016}}</ref>
-In June 2018 the New York attorney general's office filed a civil suit against the foundation, Trump himself, and his adult children, asking for $2.8 million in restitution and additional penalties.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/14/politics/new-york-lawsuit-trump-foundation/index.html |title=New York attorney general sues Trump Foundation |website=[[CNN]] |first1=Chris |last1=Isidore |first2=Melanie |last2=Schuman |date=June 14, 2018 |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/392392-five-things-to-know-about-the-lawsuit-against-the-trump-foundation |title=Five things to know about the lawsuit against the Trump Foundation |last=Thomsen |first=Jacqueline |date=June 14, 2018 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref> In December 2018, the foundation ceased operation and disbursed all its assets to other charities.<ref name=Goldmacher-181218>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/18/nyregion/ny-ag-underwood-trump-foundation.html |title=Trump Foundation Will Dissolve, Accused of 'Shocking Pattern of Illegality' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 18, 2018 |accessdate=May 9, 2019 |first=Shane |last=Goldmacher}}</ref> The following November, a New York state judge ordered Trump to pay $2 million to a group of charities for misusing the foundation's funds, in part to finance his presidential campaign.<ref name=Katersky-191107>{{cite news | url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 | title=President Donald Trump ordered to pay $2M to collection of nonprofits as part of civil lawsuit | work=[[ABC News]] | date=November 7, 2019 | accessdate=November 7, 2019 | first=Aaron | last=Katersky}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-50338231|title=Judge orders Trump to pay $2m for misusing Trump Foundation funds|date=November 8, 2019|work=BBC News|accessdate=5 March 2020}}</ref>
+In June 2018 the New York attorney general's office filed a civil suit against the foundation, Trump himself, and his adult children, asking for $2.8 million in restitution and additional penalties.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/14/politics/new-york-lawsuit-trump-foundation/index.html |title=New York attorney general sues Trump Foundation |website=[[CNN]] |first1=Chris |last1=Isidore |first2=Melanie |last2=Schuman |date=June 14, 2018 |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/392392-five-things-to-know-about-the-lawsuit-against-the-trump-foundation |title=Five things to know about the lawsuit against the Trump Foundation |last=Thomsen |first=Jacqueline |date=June 14, 2018 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref> In December 2018, the foundation ceased operation and disbursed all its assets to other charities.<ref name=Goldmacher-181218>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/18/nyregion/ny-ag-underwood-trump-foundation.html |title=Trump Foundation Will Dissolve, Accused of 'Shocking Pattern of Illegality' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 18, 2018 |accessdate=May 9, 2019 |first=Shane |last=Goldmacher}}</ref> The following November, a New York state judge ordered Trump to pay $2 million to a group of charities for misusing the foundation's funds, in part to finance his presidential campaign.<ref name=Katersky-191107>{{cite news | url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 | title=President Donald Trump ordered to pay $2M to collection of nonprofits as part of civil lawsuit | work=[[ABC News]] | date=November 7, 2019 | accessdate=November 7, 2019 | first=Aaron | last=Katersky}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-50338231|title=Judge orders Trump to pay $2m for misusing Trump Foundation funds|date=November 8, 2019|work=BBC News|accessdate=5 March 2020}}</ref>
=== Conflicts of interest ===
@@ -432,5 +432,5 @@
{{Main|Social policy of Donald Trump}}
-Trump favored modifying the 2016 Republican platform opposing abortion, to allow for exceptions in cases of rape, incest, and circumstances endangering the health of the mother.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/ |title=Trump: I would change GOP platform on abortion |last=Wright |first=David |date=April 21, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> He has said he is committed to appointing [[anti-abortion]] justices.<ref name="60min" /> He says he personally supports "traditional marriage"<ref name="MEhren2">{{cite news |first=Max |last=Ehrenfreund |title=Here's what Donald Trump really believes |date=July 22, 2015 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/07/22/heres-what-donald-trump-really-believes/}}</ref> but considers the [[Same-sex marriage in the United States|nationwide legality]] of [[same-sex marriage]] a "settled" issue.<ref name="60min">{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/14/politics/trump-gay-marriage-abortion-supreme-court/ |title=Trump: Same-sex marriage is 'settled', but Roe v Wade can be changed |website=[[CNN]] |first=Ariane |last=De Vogue |date=November 15, 2016 |accessdate=November 30, 2016}}</ref> Despite the statement by Trump and the White House saying they would keep in place a 2014 executive order from the Obama administration which created federal workplace protections for LGBT people,<ref>{{cite news |last=Peters |first=Jeremy W. |authorlink=Jeremy W. Peters |title=Obama's Protections for L.G.B.T. Workers Will Remain Under Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/obama-trump-protections-lgbt-workers.html |accessdate=February 2, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> in March 2017, the Trump administration rolled back key components of the Obama administration's workplace protections for LGBT people.<ref name=NBCNews>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/lgbtq-advocates-say-trump-s-news-executive-order-makes-them-n740301 |title=LGBTQ Advocates Say Trump's New Executive Order Makes Them Vulnerable to Discrimination |website=[[NBC News]] |first=Mary Emily |last=O'Hara |access-date=July 30, 2017}}</ref>
+Trump favored modifying the 2016 Republican platform opposing abortion, to allow for exceptions in cases of rape, incest, and circumstances endangering the health of the mother.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/ |title=Trump: I would change GOP platform on abortion |last=Wright |first=David |date=April 21, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> He has said he is committed to appointing [[pro-life]] justices.<ref name="60min" /> He says he personally supports "traditional marriage"<ref name="MEhren2">{{cite news |first=Max |last=Ehrenfreund |title=Here's what Donald Trump really believes |date=July 22, 2015 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/07/22/heres-what-donald-trump-really-believes/}}</ref> but considers the [[Same-sex marriage in the United States|nationwide legality]] of [[same-sex marriage]] a "settled" issue.<ref name="60min">{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/14/politics/trump-gay-marriage-abortion-supreme-court/ |title=Trump: Same-sex marriage is 'settled', but Roe v Wade can be changed |website=[[CNN]] |first=Ariane |last=De Vogue |date=November 15, 2016 |accessdate=November 30, 2016}}</ref> Despite the statement by Trump and the White House saying they would keep in place a 2014 executive order from the Obama administration which created federal workplace protections for LGBT people,<ref>{{cite news |last=Peters |first=Jeremy W. |authorlink=Jeremy W. Peters |title=Obama's Protections for L.G.B.T. Workers Will Remain Under Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/obama-trump-protections-lgbt-workers.html |accessdate=February 2, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> in March 2017, the Trump administration rolled back key components of the Obama administration's workplace protections for LGBT people.<ref name=NBCNews>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/lgbtq-advocates-say-trump-s-news-executive-order-makes-them-n740301 |title=LGBTQ Advocates Say Trump's New Executive Order Makes Them Vulnerable to Discrimination |website=[[NBC News]] |first=Mary Emily |last=O'Hara |access-date=July 30, 2017}}</ref>
Trump supports a broad interpretation of the [[Second Amendment to the United States Constitution|Second Amendment]] and says he is [[Gun politics in the United States|opposed]] to [[gun control]] in general,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/brief-history-donald-trumps-stance-gun-rights-461705 |title=A brief history of Donald Trump's stance on gun rights |work=[[Newsweek]] |last=Gorman |first=Michele |date=May 20, 2016}}</ref><ref name="OWSAR">{{cite web |title=Second Amendment Rights |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights |website=Donald J. Trump for President |accessdate=May 22, 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107050849/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights |archivedate=January 7, 2016 |quote=There has been a national background check system in place since 1998 ... Too many states are failing to put criminal and mental health records into the system ... What we need to do is fix the system we have and make it work as intended.}}</ref> although his views have shifted over time.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/donald-trump-gun-positions-nra-orlando/ |title=The times Trump changed his positions on guns |website=[[CNN]] |date=June 20, 2016 |first=Gregory |last=Krieg}}</ref> Trump opposes [[Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction|legalizing recreational marijuana]] but supports legalizing [[medical cannabis|medical marijuana]].<ref name="Cannabis">{{cite web |title=Donald Trump on Marijuana |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4541840/donald-trump-marijuana |website=[[C-SPAN]] |accessdate=October 17, 2018}}</ref> He favors [[Capital punishment in the United States|capital punishment]],<ref name="Cop_killers">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/10/politics/donald-trump-police-officers-death-penalty/ |title=Trump: Death penalty for cop killers |date=December 11, 2015 |website=[[CNN]] |last=Diamond |first=Jeremy |authorlink=Jeremy Diamond |accessdate=March 15, 2016}}</ref><ref name="FullPageAd1989">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/01/nyregion/angered-by-attack-trump-urges-return-of-the-death-penalty.html |title=Angered by Attack, Trump Urges Return of the Death Penalty |date=May 1, 1989 |work=[[The New York Times]] |last=Foderaro |first=Lisa |accessdate=March 15, 2016}}</ref> as well as the use of [[waterboarding]] and "a hell of a lot worse" methods.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news |last=McCarthy |first=Tom |title=Donald Trump: I'd bring back 'a hell of a lot worse than waterboarding' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/feb/06/donald-trump-waterboarding-republican-debate-torture |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=February 8, 2016}}</ref><ref name="ABC News">{{cite news |title=Ted Cruz, Donald Trump Advocate Bringing Back Waterboarding |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/video/ted-cruz-donald-trump-advocate-bringing-back-waterboarding-36764410 |website=[[ABC News]] |date=February 6, 2016 |accessdate=February 9, 2016}}</ref>
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0 => '{{Other uses}} ',
1 => 'While Trump has not filed for [[personal bankruptcy]], his over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York filed for [[Chapter 11 bankruptcy]] protection six times between 1991 and 2009.<ref name="CO">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ |first=Clare |last=O'Connor |title=Fourth Time's A Charm: How Donald Trump Made Bankruptcy Work For Him |work=[[Forbes]] |date=April 29, 2011 |accessdate=February 19, 2015}}</ref><ref name="TW">{{cite news |last=Winter|first=Tom|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-bankruptcy-math-doesn-t-add-n598376|title=4Trump Bankruptcy Math Doesn't Add Up|work=[[NBC]] |date=June 24, 2016 |accessdate=February 26, 2020}}</ref> They continued to operate while the banks restructured debt and reduced Trump's shares in the properties.<ref name="CO"/><ref name="TW"/> ',
2 => 'The Donald J. Trump Foundation was a U.S.-based private foundation established in 1988 for the initial purpose of giving away proceeds from the book ''Trump: The Art of the Deal''.<ref name=":0b">{{cite news |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/133404773 |title=Nonprofit Explorer – ProPublica |website=[[ProPublica]] |first1=Mike |last1=Tigas |first2=Sisi |last2=Wei |accessdate=September 9, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":1b">{{Cite news |first=David A. |last=Fahrenthold |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/09/01/trump-pays-irs-a-penalty-for-his-foundation-violating-rules-with-gift-to-florida-attorney-general/ |title=Trump pays IRS a penalty for his foundation violating rules with gift to aid Florida attorney general |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 1, 2016}}</ref> In the foundation's final years its funds mostly came from donors other than Trump, who did not donate any personal funds to the charity from 2009 until 2014.<ref name="WaPoMissing">{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/a-portrait-of-trump-the-donor-free-rounds-of-golf-but-no-personal-cash/2016/04/10/373b9b92-fb40-11e5-9140-e61d062438bb_story.html |title=Missing from Trump's list of charitable giving: His own personal cash |date=April 10, 2016 |first1=David A. |last1=Fahrenthold |author1link=David Fahrenthold |last2=Helderman |first2=Rosalind S. |author2link=Rosalind Helderman |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> The foundation gave to health care and sports-related charities, as well as conservative groups.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Long Island Business News]] |date=September 15, 2016 |first=Claude |last=Solnik |title=Taking a peek at Trump's (foundation) tax returns |url=https://libn.com/2016/09/15/taking-a-peek-at-trumps-foundation-tax-returns/}}</ref> ',
3 => 'In 2016, ''The Washington Post'' reported that the charity had committed several potential legal and ethical violations, including alleged self-dealing and possible tax evasion.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 15, 2016 |first1=Chris |last1=Cillizza |author1link=Chris Cillizza |first2=David A. |last2=Fahrenthold |author2link=David Fahrenthold |title=Meet the reporter who's giving Donald Trump fits |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/news/the-fix/wp/2016/09/15/how-the-reporter-behind-the-trump-foundation-stories-does-it/}}</ref> Also in 2016, the New York State Attorney General's office said the foundation appeared to be in violation of New York laws regarding charities and ordered it to immediately cease its fundraising activities in New York.<ref name="hit">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/13/politics/eric-schneiderman-donald-trump-foundation/ |title=NY attorney general is investigating Trump Foundation practices |date=September 14, 2016 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=September 25, 2016 |last1=Bradner |first1=Eric |last2=Frehse |first2=Rob}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 3, 2016 |first=David A. |last=Fahrenthold |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |title=Trump Foundation ordered to stop fundraising by N.Y. attorney general's office |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html}}</ref> Trump's team announced in late December 2016 that the Foundation would be dissolved to remove "even the appearance of any conflict with [his] role as President".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest |title=Donald Trump to dissolve his charitable foundation after mounting complaints |last=Jacobs |first=Ben |authorlink=Ben Jacobs (journalist) |date=December 24, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=December 25, 2016}}</ref> ',
4 => 'In June 2018 the New York attorney general's office filed a civil suit against the foundation, Trump himself, and his adult children, asking for $2.8 million in restitution and additional penalties.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/14/politics/new-york-lawsuit-trump-foundation/index.html |title=New York attorney general sues Trump Foundation |website=[[CNN]] |first1=Chris |last1=Isidore |first2=Melanie |last2=Schuman |date=June 14, 2018 |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/392392-five-things-to-know-about-the-lawsuit-against-the-trump-foundation |title=Five things to know about the lawsuit against the Trump Foundation |last=Thomsen |first=Jacqueline |date=June 14, 2018 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref> In December 2018, the foundation ceased operation and disbursed all its assets to other charities.<ref name=Goldmacher-181218>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/18/nyregion/ny-ag-underwood-trump-foundation.html |title=Trump Foundation Will Dissolve, Accused of 'Shocking Pattern of Illegality' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 18, 2018 |accessdate=May 9, 2019 |first=Shane |last=Goldmacher}}</ref> The following November, a New York state judge ordered Trump to pay $2 million to a group of charities for misusing the foundation's funds, in part to finance his presidential campaign.<ref name=Katersky-191107>{{cite news | url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 | title=President Donald Trump ordered to pay $2M to collection of nonprofits as part of civil lawsuit | work=[[ABC News]] | date=November 7, 2019 | accessdate=November 7, 2019 | first=Aaron | last=Katersky}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-50338231|title=Judge orders Trump to pay $2m for misusing Trump Foundation funds|date=November 8, 2019|work=BBC News|accessdate=5 March 2020}}</ref>',
5 => 'Trump favored modifying the 2016 Republican platform opposing abortion, to allow for exceptions in cases of rape, incest, and circumstances endangering the health of the mother.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/ |title=Trump: I would change GOP platform on abortion |last=Wright |first=David |date=April 21, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> He has said he is committed to appointing [[pro-life]] justices.<ref name="60min" /> He says he personally supports "traditional marriage"<ref name="MEhren2">{{cite news |first=Max |last=Ehrenfreund |title=Here's what Donald Trump really believes |date=July 22, 2015 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/07/22/heres-what-donald-trump-really-believes/}}</ref> but considers the [[Same-sex marriage in the United States|nationwide legality]] of [[same-sex marriage]] a "settled" issue.<ref name="60min">{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/14/politics/trump-gay-marriage-abortion-supreme-court/ |title=Trump: Same-sex marriage is 'settled', but Roe v Wade can be changed |website=[[CNN]] |first=Ariane |last=De Vogue |date=November 15, 2016 |accessdate=November 30, 2016}}</ref> Despite the statement by Trump and the White House saying they would keep in place a 2014 executive order from the Obama administration which created federal workplace protections for LGBT people,<ref>{{cite news |last=Peters |first=Jeremy W. |authorlink=Jeremy W. Peters |title=Obama's Protections for L.G.B.T. Workers Will Remain Under Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/obama-trump-protections-lgbt-workers.html |accessdate=February 2, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> in March 2017, the Trump administration rolled back key components of the Obama administration's workplace protections for LGBT people.<ref name=NBCNews>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/lgbtq-advocates-say-trump-s-news-executive-order-makes-them-n740301 |title=LGBTQ Advocates Say Trump's New Executive Order Makes Them Vulnerable to Discrimination |website=[[NBC News]] |first=Mary Emily |last=O'Hara |access-date=July 30, 2017}}</ref>'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '{{Other uses}}',
1 => 'While Trump has not filed for [[personal bankruptcy]], his over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York filed for [[Chapter 11 bankruptcy]] protection six times between 1991 and 2009.<ref name="CO">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ |first=Clare |last=O'Connor |title=Fourth Time's A Charm: How Donald Trump Made Bankruptcy Work For Him |work=[[Forbes]] |date=April 29, 2011 |accessdate=February 19, 2015}}</ref><ref name="TW">{{cite news |last=Winter|first=Tom|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-bankruptcy-math-doesn-t-add-n598376|title=4Trump Bankruptcy Math Doesn't Add Up|work=[[NBC]] |date=June 24, 2016 |accessdate=February 26, 2020}}</ref> They continued to operate while the banks restructured debt and reduced Trump's shares in the properties.<ref name="CO"/><ref name="TW"/>',
2 => 'The Donald J. Trump Foundation was a U.S.-based private foundation established in 1988 for the initial purpose of giving away proceeds from the book ''Trump: The Art of the Deal''.<ref name=":0b">{{cite news |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/133404773 |title=Nonprofit Explorer – ProPublica |website=[[ProPublica]] |first1=Mike |last1=Tigas |first2=Sisi |last2=Wei |accessdate=September 9, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":1b">{{Cite news |first=David A. |last=Fahrenthold |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/09/01/trump-pays-irs-a-penalty-for-his-foundation-violating-rules-with-gift-to-florida-attorney-general/ |title=Trump pays IRS a penalty for his foundation violating rules with gift to aid Florida attorney general |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 1, 2016}}</ref> In the foundation's final years its funds mostly came from donors other than Trump, who did not donate any personal funds to the charity from 2009 until 2014.<ref name="WaPoMissing">{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/a-portrait-of-trump-the-donor-free-rounds-of-golf-but-no-personal-cash/2016/04/10/373b9b92-fb40-11e5-9140-e61d062438bb_story.html |title=Missing from Trump's list of charitable giving: His own personal cash |date=April 10, 2016 |first1=David A. |last1=Fahrenthold |author1link=David Fahrenthold |last2=Helderman |first2=Rosalind S. |author2link=Rosalind Helderman |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> The foundation gave to health care and sports-related charities, as well as conservative groups.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Long Island Business News]] |date=September 15, 2016 |first=Claude |last=Solnik |title=Taking a peek at Trump's (foundation) tax returns |url=https://libn.com/2016/09/15/taking-a-peek-at-trumps-foundation-tax-returns/}}</ref>',
3 => 'In 2016, ''The Washington Post'' reported that the charity had committed several potential legal and ethical violations, including alleged self-dealing and possible tax evasion.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 15, 2016 |first1=Chris |last1=Cillizza |author1link=Chris Cillizza |first2=David A. |last2=Fahrenthold |author2link=David Fahrenthold |title=Meet the reporter who's giving Donald Trump fits |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/news/the-fix/wp/2016/09/15/how-the-reporter-behind-the-trump-foundation-stories-does-it/}}</ref> Also in 2016, the New York State Attorney General's office said the foundation appeared to be in violation of New York laws regarding charities and ordered it to immediately cease its fundraising activities in New York.<ref name="hit">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/13/politics/eric-schneiderman-donald-trump-foundation/ |title=NY attorney general is investigating Trump Foundation practices |date=September 14, 2016 |website=[[CNN]] |accessdate=September 25, 2016 |last1=Bradner |first1=Eric |last2=Frehse |first2=Rob}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 3, 2016 |first=David A. |last=Fahrenthold |authorlink=David Fahrenthold |title=Trump Foundation ordered to stop fundraising by N.Y. attorney general's office |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html}}</ref> Trump's team announced in late December 2016 that the Foundation would be dissolved to remove "even the appearance of any conflict with [his] role as President".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest |title=Donald Trump to dissolve his charitable foundation after mounting complaints |last=Jacobs |first=Ben |authorlink=Ben Jacobs (journalist) |date=December 24, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=December 25, 2016}}</ref>',
4 => 'In June 2018 the New York attorney general's office filed a civil suit against the foundation, Trump himself, and his adult children, asking for $2.8 million in restitution and additional penalties.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/14/politics/new-york-lawsuit-trump-foundation/index.html |title=New York attorney general sues Trump Foundation |website=[[CNN]] |first1=Chris |last1=Isidore |first2=Melanie |last2=Schuman |date=June 14, 2018 |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/392392-five-things-to-know-about-the-lawsuit-against-the-trump-foundation |title=Five things to know about the lawsuit against the Trump Foundation |last=Thomsen |first=Jacqueline |date=June 14, 2018 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=June 15, 2018}}</ref> In December 2018, the foundation ceased operation and disbursed all its assets to other charities.<ref name=Goldmacher-181218>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/18/nyregion/ny-ag-underwood-trump-foundation.html |title=Trump Foundation Will Dissolve, Accused of 'Shocking Pattern of Illegality' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 18, 2018 |accessdate=May 9, 2019 |first=Shane |last=Goldmacher}}</ref> The following November, a New York state judge ordered Trump to pay $2 million to a group of charities for misusing the foundation's funds, in part to finance his presidential campaign.<ref name=Katersky-191107>{{cite news | url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 | title=President Donald Trump ordered to pay $2M to collection of nonprofits as part of civil lawsuit | work=[[ABC News]] | date=November 7, 2019 | accessdate=November 7, 2019 | first=Aaron | last=Katersky}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-50338231|title=Judge orders Trump to pay $2m for misusing Trump Foundation funds|date=November 8, 2019|work=BBC News|accessdate=5 March 2020}}</ref>',
5 => 'Trump favored modifying the 2016 Republican platform opposing abortion, to allow for exceptions in cases of rape, incest, and circumstances endangering the health of the mother.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/ |title=Trump: I would change GOP platform on abortion |last=Wright |first=David |date=April 21, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> He has said he is committed to appointing [[anti-abortion]] justices.<ref name="60min" /> He says he personally supports "traditional marriage"<ref name="MEhren2">{{cite news |first=Max |last=Ehrenfreund |title=Here's what Donald Trump really believes |date=July 22, 2015 |website=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/07/22/heres-what-donald-trump-really-believes/}}</ref> but considers the [[Same-sex marriage in the United States|nationwide legality]] of [[same-sex marriage]] a "settled" issue.<ref name="60min">{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/14/politics/trump-gay-marriage-abortion-supreme-court/ |title=Trump: Same-sex marriage is 'settled', but Roe v Wade can be changed |website=[[CNN]] |first=Ariane |last=De Vogue |date=November 15, 2016 |accessdate=November 30, 2016}}</ref> Despite the statement by Trump and the White House saying they would keep in place a 2014 executive order from the Obama administration which created federal workplace protections for LGBT people,<ref>{{cite news |last=Peters |first=Jeremy W. |authorlink=Jeremy W. Peters |title=Obama's Protections for L.G.B.T. Workers Will Remain Under Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/obama-trump-protections-lgbt-workers.html |accessdate=February 2, 2017 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> in March 2017, the Trump administration rolled back key components of the Obama administration's workplace protections for LGBT people.<ref name=NBCNews>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/lgbtq-advocates-say-trump-s-news-executive-order-makes-them-n740301 |title=LGBTQ Advocates Say Trump's New Executive Order Makes Them Vulnerable to Discrimination |website=[[NBC News]] |first=Mary Emily |last=O'Hara |access-date=July 30, 2017}}</ref>'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
All external links in the new text (all_links) | [
0 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2015/09/01/why-does-everyone-call-donald-trump-the-donald-its-an-interesting-story/',
1 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160512232306/https://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168',
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8 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160719213709/https://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf',
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10 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/05/20/its-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-day-trump-left-college-and-nearly-had-to-go-to-war/',
11 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html',
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13 => 'https://www.archives.gov/foia/donald-trump-selective-service-draft-card.html',
14 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/questions-linger-about-trumps-draft-deferments-during-vietnam-war/2015/07/21/257677bc-2fdd-11e5-8353-1215475949f4_story.html',
15 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/02/us/politics/donald-trump-draft-record.html',
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19 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/28/politics/trump-family-heritage/index.html',
20 => 'https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/donald-trumps-immigrant-mother',
21 => 'https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-ancestral-german-home-of-the-trumps',
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23 => 'https://nbcmontana.com/news/nation-world/lara-and-eric-trump-welcome-second-child',
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26 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160119050108/http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25940050_1_donald-trump-ivana-storybook-wedding',
27 => 'http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-21/news/25940050_1_donald-trump-ivana-storybook-wedding',
28 => 'https://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2016/07/20/tiffany_trump_s_sad_vague_rnc_speech.html',
29 => 'https://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20723536,00.html',
30 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/02/fashion/tiffany-the-other-trump.html',
31 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A40186-2005Jan26.html',
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34 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/06/nyregion/donald-trump-marble-collegiate-church-norman-vincent-peale.html',
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45 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/07/politics/trump-health/index.html',
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64 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/2016-election/trump-lies/',
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99 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA132',
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128 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/25/sports/trump-gets-tyson-fight.html',
129 => 'https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/04/donald-trump-2016-tour-de-trump-bike-race-213801',
130 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/06/business/american-air-gets-trump-bid-of-7.5-billion.html',
131 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/23/nyregion/trump-ends-his-struggle-to-gain-control-of-bally.html',
132 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/11/too-good-to-check-sean-hannitys-tale-of-a-trump-rescue/',
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134 => 'https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-sells-miss-universe-img-2015-9',
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136 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2002/06/22/there-she-goes-pageants-move-to-nbc/2ba81b9a-bf67-4f3e-b8d6-1c2cc881ed19/',
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341 => 'https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/trump-obamacare-sabotage-enrollment-cuts_us_59a87bffe4b0b5e530fd5751',
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345 => 'https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20171220.323429/full/',
346 => '//doi.org/10.1377%2Fhblog20171220.323429',
347 => 'https://www.hrdive.com/news/trump-signs-bill-repealing-aca-cadillac-tax-granting-relief-for-employer/569551/',
348 => 'https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/1865/text',
349 => 'https://www.politifact.com/health-check/statements/2020/jan/15/donald-trump/trumps-claim-he-saved-pre-ex-conditions-part-fanta/',
350 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/22/us/politics/medicare-trump.html',
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353 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/07/22/heres-what-donald-trump-really-believes/',
354 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/obama-trump-protections-lgbt-workers.html',
355 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/lgbtq-advocates-say-trump-s-news-executive-order-makes-them-n740301',
356 => 'https://www.newsweek.com/brief-history-donald-trumps-stance-gun-rights-461705',
357 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160107050849/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights',
358 => 'https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights',
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362 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/01/nyregion/angered-by-attack-trump-urges-return-of-the-death-penalty.html',
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365 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/18/us/politics/trump-pardon-debartolo.html',
366 => 'https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/2020/2/18/20792391/rod-blagojevich-trump-clemency-illinois-governor-patti',
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370 => 'https://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2015/08/donald-trump-has-some-thoughts-about-the-constitution',
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382 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/30/politics/donald-trump-immigration-order-department-of-justice/index.html',
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392 => 'https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/supreme-court-travel-ban/index.html',
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394 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44374756',
395 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180620044511/http://time.com/5316764/toddler-immigrants-tender-age-shelters/',
396 => 'http://time.com/5316764/toddler-immigrants-tender-age-shelters/',
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410 => 'https://nationalinterest.org/feature/donald-trump-american-nationalist-14237',
411 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2016/07/22/opinions/donald-trump-speech-amanpour/',
412 => 'https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2016/03/aipac-and-foreign-policy',
413 => 'https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/10/01/can-u.s.-democracy-policy-survive-trump-pub-77381',
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415 => 'https://globalnews.ca/news/3857619/donald-trump-praises-philippines-duterte/',
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422 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/03/trump-xi-jinping-dictators/554810/',
423 => 'https://www.apnews.com/661a8708f4454d6ab3a0d11e7d896c7e',
424 => 'https://www.vox.com/world/2017/7/20/16003480/poland-supreme-court-democracy-trump',
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426 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45425413',
427 => 'https://www.foxnews.com/world/us-strikes-syria-after-suspected-chemical-attack-by-assad-regime',
428 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/19/us/politics/trump-syria-turkey-troop-withdrawal.html',
429 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46628811',
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434 => 'https://www.ft.com/content/94204940-2c47-11e8-9b4b-bc4b9f08f381',
435 => 'https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/senate-votes-down-ending-trump-s-support-for-saudi-led-war-in-yemen-1.5931874',
436 => 'https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-signs-110-billion-arms-deal-saudi-arabia/story?id=47531180',
437 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/up-to-1000-more-us-troops-could-be-headed-to-afghanistan-this-spring/2018/01/21/153930b6-fd1b-11e7-a46b-a3614530bd87_story.html',
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439 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-blast-trump/trump-rejects-peace-talks-with-taliban-in-departure-from-afghan-strategy-idUSKBN1FI2BU',
440 => 'https://www.npr.org/2019/10/07/767777899/in-major-policy-shift-u-s-will-stand-aside-as-turkish-forces-extend-reach-in-syr',
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442 => 'https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/07/trump-turkey-syria-invasion-037052',
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447 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/us/politics/house-vote-trump-syria.html',
448 => 'http://english.khamenei.ir/news/5306/What-is-Basij-and-how-does-it-function-against-U-S-and-Zionism',
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386 => 'https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/os-jcomey-060817.pdf',
387 => 'https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf',
388 => 'https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-false-statements-20160925-snap-story.html',
389 => 'https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-trump-presidential-lies-2017-story.html',
390 => 'https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articleii',
391 => 'https://www.lawfareblog.com/trump-legal-team-files-brief-mazars-appeal',
392 => 'https://www.mediaite.com/tv/bret-baier-trump-likes-trolling-the-left-to-watch-heads-explode-even-if-he-contradicts-himself/',
393 => 'https://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2015/08/donald-trump-has-some-thoughts-about-the-constitution',
394 => 'https://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/trump-denies-racism-most-americans-dont-believe-him',
395 => 'https://www.nation.co.ke/news/world/Donald-Trump-Russia-election-meddling-/1068-4331686-h7mbxbz/index.html',
396 => 'https://www.nationalreview.com/news/white-house-blames-democrats-for-separation-of-families-at-border/',
397 => 'https://www.natlawreview.com/article/president-trump-signs-first-congressional-review-act-disapproval-resolution-16-years',
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399 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-asked-top-intel-officials-push-back-publicly-russia-probe-n763336',
400 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-bankruptcy-math-doesn-t-add-n598376',
401 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/u-s-russian-relations-worst-ambassador-antonov-can-remember-n861391',
402 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/amp/poll-clinton-trump-now-tied-gop-convention-kicks-n611936',
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405 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-hot-mic-when-you-re-star-you-can-do-n662116',
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410 => 'https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/trump-white-house-sets-turnover-records-analysis-shows-n888396',
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460 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/us/politics/donald-trumps-old-queens-neighborhood-now-a-melting-pot-was-seen-as-a-cloister.html',
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464 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/27/magazine/how-can-donald-trump-and-bernie-sanders-both-be-populist.html',
465 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/27/us/politics/donald-trump-global-warming-energy-policy.html',
466 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/31/us/judge-orders-documents-unsealed-in-trump-university-lawsuit.html',
467 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/01/us/politics/donald-trump-university.html',
468 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/08/us/politics/paul-ryan-donald-trump-gonzalo-curiel.html',
469 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/17/business/media/donald-trump-apprentice.html',
470 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/21/us/politics/donald-trump-issues.html',
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527 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/20/us/politics/trump-financial-records.html',
528 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/22/business/deutsche-bank-trump-subpoena.html',
529 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/18/nyregion/central-park-five-trump.html',
530 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/14/us/politics/trump-twitter-squad-congress.html',
531 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/24/us/politics/trump-mueller-testimony.html',
532 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/01/nyregion/trump-cohen-stormy-daniels-vance.html',
533 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/16/nyregion/trump-tax-returns-cy-vance.html',
534 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/24/us/politics/democrats-impeachment-trump.html',
535 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/04/world/europe/ukraine-biden-burisma.html',
536 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/us/politics/house-vote-trump-syria.html',
537 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/world/middleeast/trump-erdogan-turkey-syria-kurds.html',
538 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/22/us/politics/william-taylor-testimony.html',
539 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/22/us/trump-impeachment-ukraine.html',
540 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html',
541 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/paula-white-trump.html',
542 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/22/us/politics/ukraine-russia-interference.html',
543 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/03/us/politics/impeachment-briefing-the-democratic-report.html',
544 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/30/business/media/trump-media-2019.html',
545 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/02/world/middleeast/qassem-soleimani-iraq-iran-attack.html',
546 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/18/us/politics/house-trump-impeachment.html',
547 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/22/us/politics/medicare-trump.html',
548 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/05/us/politics/trump-acquitted-impeachment.html',
549 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/18/us/politics/trump-pardon-debartolo.html',
550 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/22/us/politics/trump-disloyalty-turnover.html',
551 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html',
552 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/07/22/us/politics/trump-immigration-ban-how-could-it-work.html',
553 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/15/us/politics/final-republican-tax-bill-cuts.html',
554 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/06/us/politics/document-russia-hacking-report-intelligence-agencies.html',
555 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/17/us/politics/document-Robert-Mueller-Special-Counsel-Russia.html',
556 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html',
557 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html',
558 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/climate/trump-environment-rollbacks.html',
559 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/13/us/politics/trump-investigations.html',
560 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2019/09/24/whistleblower-complaint/assets/amp.html',
561 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/',
562 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/01/07/donald-trump-says-he-favors-big-tariffs-on-chinese-exports/',
563 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/donald-trump',
564 => 'https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/every-moment-donald-trumps-long-complicated-history-race',
565 => 'https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/trump-gop-russia-sanctions/',
566 => 'https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/trump-suggests-us-accept-russias-annexation-crimea/',
567 => 'https://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20723536,00.html',
568 => 'https://www.people.com/people/article/0,,632500,00.html',
569 => 'https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/',
570 => 'https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/',
571 => 'https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2017/01/all-trump-executive-actions-000288',
572 => 'https://www.politico.com/blogs/2016-gop-primary-live-updates-and-results/2016/05/reince-priebus-donald-trump-is-nominee-222767',
573 => 'https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/the-man-who-made-trump-who-he-is-121647',
574 => 'https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/04/donald-trump-2016-tour-de-trump-bike-race-213801',
575 => 'https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/03/i-survived-trump-university-213710',
576 => 'https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/01/donald-trump-lies-liar-effect-brain-214658',
577 => 'https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/04/19/mueller-report-analysis-legal-experts-226662',
578 => 'https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/07/trump-turkey-syria-invasion-037052',
579 => 'https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/16/house-condemns-trumps-syria-pull-out-000286',
580 => 'https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/22/william-taylor-ukraine-testimony-trump-054259',
581 => 'https://www.politico.com/news/2020/01/29/questions-trump-impeachment-trial-108238',
582 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2015/06/donald-trump-2016-announcement-10-best-lines-119066',
583 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2015/07/will-the-real-donald-trump-please-stand-up-120607',
584 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/donald-trump-working-class-voters-219231',
585 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/trump-crimea-sanctions-russia-226292',
586 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/election-results-2016-clinton-trump-231070',
587 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/donald-trump-electoral-college-232665',
588 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2017/07/18/trump-tweet-obamacare-repeal-failure-240664',
589 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/31/trump-obamacare-outreach-cuts-242225',
590 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2017/12/06/trump-move-embassy-jerusalem-israel-reaction-281973',
591 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/12/trump-shithole-comment-reaction-337926',
592 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/07/trump-stormy-daniels-payment-444133',
593 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2018/04/08/trump-putin-syria-attack-508223',
594 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/17/trump-nato-alliance-pentagon-1108846',
595 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2019/04/23/donald-trump-tax-returns-deadline-1288760',
596 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2019/05/22/steven-mnuchin-irs-trump-tax-returns-1339270',
597 => 'https://www.politico.com/story/2019/09/24/donald-trump-ukraine-military-aid-1509070',
598 => 'https://www.politifact.com/florida/statements/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/',
599 => 'https://www.politifact.com/health-check/statements/2020/jan/15/donald-trump/trumps-claim-he-saved-pre-ex-conditions-part-fanta/',
600 => 'https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2015/dec/21/2015-lie-year-donald-trump-campaign-misstatements/',
601 => 'https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2011/feb/14/donald-trump/donald-trump-says-people-who-went-school-obama-nev/',
602 => 'https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/us/general_election_trump_vs_clinton-5491.html',
603 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-blast-trump/trump-rejects-peace-talks-with-taliban-in-departure-from-afghan-strategy-idUSKBN1FI2BU',
604 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-usa-idUSKBN15H253',
605 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-usa-sanctions-idUSKBN1AI2N0',
606 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-usa-trump/trump-criticizes-russia-calls-for-defense-of-western-civilization-idUSKBN19R02Q',
607 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-trump/trump-stands-by-saudi-prince-despite-journalist-khashoggis-murder-idUSKCN1NP26Y',
608 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-court-immigration/supreme-court-lets-trumps-latest-travel-ban-go-into-full-effect-idUSKBN1DY2NY',
609 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-trump-bankruptcies-insig/art-of-the-spin-trump-bankers-question-his-portrayal-of-financial-comeback-idUSKCN0ZX0GP',
610 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-trump-hyperbole-insight-idUSKCN0QX11X20150828',
611 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-energy-brouillette/senate-confirms-brouillette-former-ford-lobbyist-as-energy-secretary-idUSKBN1Y62E6',
612 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-court-idUSKBN16M17N',
613 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-ministry/trump-sets-tariffs-on-50-billion-in-chinese-goods-beijing-strikes-back-idUSKBN1JB0KC',
614 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-idUSKCN1UX1WO',
615 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-ukraine/trump-expects-russia-to-return-crimea-to-ukraine-white-house-idUSKBN15T2IY',
616 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-exclusive/exclusive-trump-accuses-russia-of-helping-north-korea-evade-sanctions-says-u-s-needs-more-missile-defense-idUSKBN1F62KO',
617 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-immigration-reaction/africa-calls-trump-racist-after-shithole-remark-idUSKBN1F11VC',
618 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-cohen/documents-detail-trump-teams-efforts-to-arrange-payment-to-porn-star-idUSKCN1UD18D',
619 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-contacts-idUSKCN18E106',
620 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-venezuela/u-s-sanctions-venezuela-officials-trump-slams-maduro-idUSKCN1M51WC',
621 => 'https://www.rollcall.com/news/congress/reluctant-impeachment-will-pelosi-ever-swayed-go',
622 => 'https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/watch-donald-trumps-first-commencement-speech-as-president-129369/',
623 => 'https://www.sbs.com.au/news/a-history-of-donald-trump-s-racially-charged-statements',
624 => 'https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3022587/china-us-cold-war-inevitable-chinese-analysts-say-it-cant-be',
625 => 'https://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2016/07/20/tiffany_trump_s_sad_vague_rnc_speech.html',
626 => 'https://www.snopes.com/news/2016/08/02/donald-trumps-draft-deferments/',
627 => 'https://www.snopes.com/trump-received-ellis-island-award-in-1986/',
628 => 'https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/11/09/white-nationalists-and-alt-right-celebrate-trump%E2%80%99s-victory',
629 => 'https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/north-korean-leader-kim-gave-unwavering-commitment-to-denuclearisation-trump',
630 => 'https://www.techtimes.com/articles/138117/20160304/donald-trumps-history-wwe.htm',
631 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/08/donald-trump-conflicts-of-interests/508382/',
632 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/12/three-decades-of-donald-trump-film-and-tv-cameos/421257/',
633 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/04/donald-trump-impression-gets-a-comedy-central-show/521718/',
634 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/05/trump-taxes/588967/',
635 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/11/we-still-dont-know-what-happened-between-trump-and-russia/602116/',
636 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/03/trump-xi-jinping-dictators/554810/',
637 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/07/trump-putin/565238/',
638 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/05/trumps-self-funding-lie/482691/',
639 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/02/trump-kicks-off-his-2020-reelection-campaign-on-saturday/516909/',
640 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/03/its-official-the-fbi-is-investigating-trumps-links-to-russia/520134/',
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648 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/feb/06/donald-trump-waterboarding-republican-debate-torture',
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650 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/16/ivana-trump-write-memoir-about-raising-us-presidents-donald-children',
651 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/28/airports-us-immigration-ban-muslim-countries-trump',
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653 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/03/trump-administration-iran-sanctions',
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656 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jan/12/unkind-divisive-elitist-international-outcry-over-trumps-shithole-countries-remark',
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663 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/06/suleimani-killing-donald-trump-defends-threat-to-hit-cultural-sites-in-iran',
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794 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-has-chosen-retired-marine-gen-james-mattis-for-secretary-of-defense/2016/12/01/6c6b3b74-aff9-11e6-be1c-8cec35b1ad25_story.html',
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802 => 'https://www.wealthx.com/dossier/donald-john-trump/',
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808 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n85387872',
809 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-lays-out-protectionist-views-in-trade-speech-1467145538',
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814 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-forged-his-ideas-on-trade-in-the-1980sand-never-deviated-1542304508',
815 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-tells-saudi-arabia-oil-attacks-were-launched-from-iran-11568644126',
816 => 'https://www.wwe.com/superstars/donald-trump',
817 => 'https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5260407,00.html',
818 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fN5OLqxNqc',
819 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3PDW6g1ceU'
] |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1584458157 |