Scala case

On 15 January 1978, a fire in Barcelona's Scala nightclub killed four people. The ensuing trial was known as the Scala case.

The incident

In the morning of Sunday 15 January 1978, a demonstration organized by the anarcho-syndicalist trade union Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) took place in Barcelona. The protest was held to demonstrate against the Moncloa Pacts, which CNT considered to be harmful to the working class. Around 15,000 people participated in the protest. At around 13:15, after the protest had ended and the protestors were dispersing, a group of young adults instigated by Joaquín Gambín threw molotov coctails at the stone facade of the Scala nightclub. According to the police, this was the cause of the fire that destroyed the building and killed four workers – Ramón Egea, Juan López, Diego Montoro and Bernabé Bravo –, three of which were paradoxically affiliated with CNT, that happened to be in the club at that time.

Different speculations were made by the press about the causes and the perpetrators of the crime. Some attributed the crime to common murderers, others speculated that its cause was related with affairs regarding the business of the club and others implicated relationships of the perpetrators with the campaign in favor of the freedom of expression of Albert Boadella (who was at the time brought to a court-martial for allegedly offending the army with one of his works). Finally on Tuesday 17 January, the police informed the press about the arrest of the offenders, who were members of the anarchist trade union CNT. The newspaper of the French CNT, stated that the ignition was the result of the actions of agents provocateurs that had infiltrated the protest before the incident.

It is believed that flammable or incendiary materials were placed inside the club before the manifestation, since it is very improbable that simple molotov cocktails thrown at the stone facade of the building could result in the burning of the whole building except, paradoxically, the facade. Additionally, the inform of the firefighters indicated that the fire started in another place of the club and probably originated from a flammable material of military origin.

The trial

The trial of Scala case took place in December 1980. Some days before the start of the trial a key witness had died. The lawyers of the defense requested that the first deputy prime minister Rodolfo Martín Villa appeared to testify, but he did not. The position of the defense was that the police orchestrated the incident with the use of agents provocateurs to reduce CNT's popularity among the workers and to stop its growth in Catalonia. José Cuevas, Xavier Cañadas and Arturo Palma were sentenced to 17 years in prison as the perpetrators of involuntary homicide and for fabricating explosives. Luis Muñoz was sentenced to 2 years and 6 months in prison for collaboration in the crime and Rosa López was sentenced to 5 months in prison for concealment.

After some years, a confidential paper of the police that assigned to Joaquín Gambín the task of infiltrating the protestors, was discovered. He was the one who infiltrated CNT to cause the incident. The pressure from the press on the police combined with Gambín's absence from the trial caused suspicions about the role of the police in the incident and the true perpetrators of the crime. Finally, in the end of 1981 Gambín was arrested in Valencia after a shoot-out with the police. The Scala case would reopen.

The second trial for the Scala case, in December 1983, had only one accused: Joaquín Gambín. He was condemned to 7 years in prison for assisting at a demonstration with arms and for constructing explosives. Since then, CNT has always presented this as an insidious maneuver by the government to stop the growth of the anarchist union by the negative publicity that the union had received during the previous years, before the restoration of justice.

See also

• Anarchism in Spain
• Marfin bank arson
• Piazza Fontana bombing

Further reading

• Cañadas Gascón, Xavier (2008). Caso Scala: terrorismo de estado y algo más (in Spanish). Barcelona: Virus-Lallevir. ISBN 978-84-96044-92-0. OCLC 804286713.
• Cercas, Javier (2017). The Impostor: A True Story. Knopf. pp. 181–. ISBN 978-1-5247-3281-3.
• Dolidier, Arnaud (2013). "«L'affaire Scala et les anarchistes» : représentations sociales du désordre pendant la transition démocratique espagnole". In Chamouleau, Brian; Rebreyend, Anne-Laure (eds.). Narration et lien social. Essais, revue interdisciplinaire d'Humanités (in French). Vol. 3. Bordeaux: Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux. pp. 139–160. ISBN 978-2-9544269-0-7. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved July 7, 2019.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
• Gutiérrez Molina, José Luis (2008). "El caso Scala de Barcelona". El estado frente a la anarquía: los grandes procesos contra el anarquismo español (1883-1982). Nuestro ayer (in Spanish). Madrid: Editorial Síntesis. pp. 357–360. ISBN 978-84-9756-553-0. OCLC 836948972.
• Ortega, José Manuel Mato (2001). "El caso Scala y el fin de la historia: la represión y criminalización del movimiento anarquista". Ubi Sunt?: Revista de historia (in Spanish) (8): 12–17. ISSN 1139-4250.
• Vadillo Muñoz, Julián (2004). "El anarquismo y anarcosindicalismo en la España de la transición" (PDF). La transición a la democracia en España. Jornadas de Castilla-La Mancha sobre Investigación en Archivos (in Spanish). Vol. 8. Guadalajara: Anabad Castilla-La Mancha. ISBN 978-84-931658-8-8. OCLC 63698835. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 17, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
• Vaquero, Francisco Gago (2014). "El caso Scala : intento de desprestigiar y criminalizar a la CNT". Tiempo y Sociedad (in Spanish) (15): 41–58. ISSN 1989-6883.
• Wilhelmi Casanova, Gonzalo (2014). Izquierda revolucionaria y movimientos sociales en la transición: Madrid, 1975–1982 (Ph.D.) (in Spanish). Autonomous University of Madrid. hdl:10486/661871.
• Zambrana, Joan (2008). "Terrorismo de Estado: el caso Scala y la CNT". El Viejo Topo (in Spanish) (248): 35–39. ISSN 0210-2706.