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Rhysodinae

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rhysodinae
Omoglymmius americanus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Carabidae
Subfamily: Rhysodinae
Laporte, 1840

Rhysodinae is a subfamily (sometimes called wrinkled bark beetles) in the family Carabidae. There are 19 genera and at least 380 described species in Rhysodinae.[1][2][3] The group of genera making up Rhysodinae had been treated as the family Rhysodidae in the past, and subsequent DNA analysis then placed it within Carabidae, where it was sometimes treated as the tribe Rhysodini,[4][5] but the most recent analyses place it as a subfamily in a clade along with subfamilies Paussinae and Siagoninae, forming a sister to the remaining Carabidae.[6]

Description

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These beetles are elongate, in size ranging from 5–8 mm, and color ranging from a reddish brown to black. Both the thorax and the elytra are deeply grooved lengthwise, thus giving these beetles their common name. The head is also grooved, and posteriorly constricted into a short but visible "neck". The 11-segment antennae are short, resembling a string of beads, while the mandibles lack cutting edges and are thus nonfunctional. The front legs are short and strongly built.[citation needed]

Adults and larvae live in moist rotten wood that is infested with slime moulds, which are believed to be their diet. Instead of using their mandibles to bite, they use the anterior edge of the mentum and swivel their heads to cut off pieces of food. Adults do not make burrows, instead just squeezing between the cell layers of the decomposed wood, generally leaving no visible trace of their passage, while larvae live in short tunnels.[citation needed]

They occur on all continents with forested areas, the richest fauna being found in New Guinea, Indonesia, the Philippines, and northern South America.

Genera

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Position in relation to the Carabidae according to Vasilikopoulos et al., 2021
Cicindelidae

Manticorini

Megacephalini

Collyridini

Cicindelini

Oxycheilini

Carabidae

Rhysodinae

Paussinae

Siagoninae

⊞other subfamilies

Carabinae

Nebriinae

Broscinae

Elaphrinae

Loricerinae

Omophroninae

Scaritinae

Trechinae

Brachininae

Harpalinae

Tribe Clinidiini R.T. & J.R.Bell, 1978

Clinidium Kirby, 1830
Grouvellina R.T. & J.R.Bell, 1978
Rhyzodiastes Fairmaire, 1895

Tribe Dhysorini R.T. & J.R.Bell, 1978

Dhysores Grouvelle, 1903
Neodhysores R.T. & J.R.Bell, 1978
Tangarona R.T. & J.R.Bell, 1982

Tribe Leoglymmiini R.T. & J.R.Bell, 1978

Leoglymmius R.T. & J.R.Bell, 1978

Tribe Medisorini R.T. & J.R.Bell, 1987

Medisores R.T. & J.R.Bell, 1987

Tribe Omoglymmiini R.T. & J.R.Bell, 1978

Arrowina R.T. Bell & J.R. Bell, 1978
Omoglymmius Ganglbauer, 1891
Plesioglymmius R.T. & J.R.Bell, 1978
Shyrodes Grouvelle, 1903
Srimara R.T. & J.R.Bell, 1978
Xhosores R.T. & J.R.Bell, 1978
Yamatosa R.T. & J.R.Bell, 1979

Tribe Rhysodini Laporte, 1840

Kaveinga R.T. & J.R.Bell, 1978
Kupeus R.T. & J.R.Bell, 1982
Rhysodes Germar, 1822

Tribe Sloanoglymmiini R.T. & J.R.Bell, 1991

Sloanoglymmius R.T. & J.R.Bell, 1991

References

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  1. ^ Bell, Ross T. "Clinidium. Version 01 March 2000". Tree of Life Project.
  2. ^ "GBIF". Retrieved 2018-11-24.
  3. ^ Bouchard, Patrice; Bousquet, Yves; Davies, Anthony E.; Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A.; et al. (2011). "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)". ZooKeys (88). Pensoft Publishers: 1–972. doi:10.3897/zookeys.88.807. ISSN 1313-2989. PMC 3088472. PMID 21594053.
  4. ^ Mckenna, Duane D.; Wild, Alexander L.; Kanda, Kojun; Bellamy, Charles L.; et al. (2015). "The beetle tree of life reveals that Coleoptera survived end‐Permian mass extinction to diversify during the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution". Systematic Entomology. 40 (4): 835–880. doi:10.1111/syen.12132. hdl:10057/11540.
  5. ^ Bousquet, Yves (2012). "Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico". ZooKeys (245). Pensoft: 1–1722. doi:10.3897/zookeys.245.3416. PMC 3577090. PMID 23431087.
  6. ^ Vasilikopoulos, A.; Balke, M.; Kukowka, S.; Pflug, J.M.; Martin, S.; Meusemann, K.; Hendrich, L.; Mayer, C.; Maddison, D.R.; Niehuis, O.; Beutel, R.G.; Misof, B. (2021). "Phylogenomic analyses clarify the pattern of evolution of Adephaga (Coleoptera) and highlight phylogenetic artefacts due to model misspecification and excessive data trimming". Syst. Entomol. 46: 991–1018. doi:10.1111/syen.12508.