Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Prince Henry in 1915 | |||||
Prince consort of the Netherlands | |||||
Tenure | 7 February 1901 – 3 July 1934 | ||||
Born | Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Germany | 19 April 1876||||
Died | 3 July 1934 Kneuterdijk Palace, The Hague, Netherlands | (aged 58)||||
Burial | 11 July 1934 Nieuwe Kerk, Delft, Netherlands | ||||
Spouse | |||||
Issue among others… | Juliana of the Netherlands | ||||
| |||||
House | Mecklenburg-Schwerin | ||||
Father | Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg | ||||
Mother | Princess Marie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt | ||||
Occupation | Military officer | ||||
Signature | ![]() |
Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (German: Heinrich Wladimir Albrecht Ernst; Dutch: Hendrik Vladimir Albrecht Ernst; 19 April 1876 – 3 July 1934) was Prince of the Netherlands from 7 February 1901 until his death in 1934 as the husband of Queen Wilhelmina. He remains the longest-serving Dutch consort.
Biography
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Koningin_Wilhelmina_%281880-1962%29_en_prins_Hendrik_%281876-1934%29_tijdens_hun_verloving_in_rijkostuum%2C_SFA002013240.jpg/220px-Koningin_Wilhelmina_%281880-1962%29_en_prins_Hendrik_%281876-1934%29_tijdens_hun_verloving_in_rijkostuum%2C_SFA002013240.jpg)
Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin was born on 19 April 1876 in Schwerin. He was the youngest son of Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and his third wife, Princess Marie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.
On 6 February 1901, Henry was created a Prince of the Netherlands and the next day, 7 February, married Queen Wilhelmina in The Hague. Their only child together, Princess Juliana, was born in 1909.[1] On 4 September 1948, Wilhelmina abdicated as queen of the Netherlands and was succeeded by Juliana.
Henry also fathered at least one illegitimate child, Pim Lier by his mistress Willemina Martina Wenneker (1887-1973). Born in 1918, Lier eventually rose to prominence in post-war Dutch politics as chairman of the extreme-right Centre Party. The birth of a son out of wedlock was likely symptomatic of the duke's increasingly strained relationship with his wife. That became all the more clear at the time of the opening ceremony of the Amsterdam Summer Olympics in 1928. Henry attended and even presided over the festivities, but Wilhelmina stayed away and stated that she was prevented from attending by her personal religious conviction that the type of event should not take place on a Sunday.[2]
Henry became the 279th Knight Grand Cross of the Portuguese Order of the Tower and Sword, and in 1924, he was appointed as the 1,157th Knight of the Spanish Order of the Golden Fleece.
He died in The Hague, Netherlands, on 3 July 1934, aged 58.[1]
Scouting
[edit]Henry successfully merged the two Dutch Boy Scout organisations Nederlandse Padvinders Organisatie (NPO, Netherlands Pathfinder Organisation) and the Nederlandse Padvinders Bond (NPB, Netherlands Pathfinder Federation) on 11 December 1915 to form De Nederlandse Padvinders (NPV, The Netherlands Pathfinders). He became the Royal Commissioner of that organisation and he asked Jean Jacques Rambonnet to become chairman in 1920.[3]
Extramarital relationships
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/-%2C_SFA222007403.jpg/220px--%2C_SFA222007403.jpg)
Prince Henry was known to have had numerous extra-marital affairs. It is rumored that he fathered between three and ten illegitimate children; howevere firm proof remains elusive, except for Albrecht Willem Lier, known as the above-noted Pim Lier (22 July 1918 – 9 April 2015).[4] During her widowhood, Queen Wilhelmina paid monthly allowances to three known ex-mistresses: Julia Cervey in Geneva (two hundred guilders per month); Wilhelmine Steiner in Zurich (five hundred guilders per month); and Mien Lier-Wenneker (1887-1973), in The Hague (five hundred guilders per month).[5] Mien Abbo-Wenneker (later Lier-Wenneker, 1887–1973), gave birth to a total of six children; the older two, sisters Christina Margaretha Abbo & Edith Abbo (later Sheep-Abbo)[6] were ostensibly the daughters of Mien's first husband, Dhr. Abbo, but strongly rumored to have been fathered by Prince Henry. In 1919, Mien married Lieutenant Jan Derk Lier, a former aide-de-camp to Prince Henry. A grant of one hundred thousand guilders was arranged for Lt. Lier from the State by police chief François van 't Sant, whom Queen Wilhelmina engaged to verify the facts of her husband's extramarital relationships and children. This, plus a monthly allowance to the Lt from the state of one thousand guilders, was in return for his commitment to "the three children of HRH".[7]
The male parent of the remaining three children was not verified as being either Prince Henry or Lt. Lier. Subsequent to their birth, no additional allowance was settled on the family; in fact, the monthly allowance of one thousand guilders to Lt. Jan Derk Lier was halved by van't Sant after a short period, although the allowance to his wife continued.
Honours and awards
[edit]- Mecklenburg:
- Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown, with Crown in Ore and Collar
- Grand Cross of the Griffon
- Lifesaving Medal
- Memorial Medal for Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III
- Commemorative Medal for the Battle of Loigny-Poupry
- Bavaria: Knight of St. Hubert, 1912[10]
- Baden: Knight of the House Order of Fidelity, 1905[11]
- Brunswick: Grand Cross of the Order of Henry the Lion, 1907[12]
- Oldenburg: Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, with Collar and Golden Crown
- Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach:
- Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 1892[13]
- Golden Jubilee Medal
- Saxony: Knight of the Rue Crown, 1897[14]
- Lippe-Detmold: Cross of Honour of the House Order of Lippe, 1st Class
- Waldeck-Pyrmont: Merit Cross, 1st Class
- Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown, 1901[15]
- Prussia:
- Knight of the Red Eagle, 1st Class, 27 September 1898;[16] Grand Cross
- Knight of the Black Eagle, 30 May 1901[16]
- Knight of Justice of the Johanniter Order
- Netherlands:
- Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion
- Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau
- Knight of the Gold Lion of Nassau
- Grand Cross of the House Order of Orange
- Grand Master of the Johanniter Order, 30 April 1909[17]
- Cross of Merit of the Dutch Red Cross
- Wedding Medal of Queen Wilhelmina and Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 1901
- Austria-Hungary: Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen, 1903[18]
- Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold
- Bulgaria: Grand Cross of St. Alexander
- Czechoslovakia: Grand Cross of the White Lion, 5 June 1931
- Denmark: Knight of the Elephant, 12 December 1912[19]
- Estonia: Order of the Estonian Red Cross, 1st Class
- Finland: Grand Cross of the White Rose, with Collar, 1931[20]
- France: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
- Greece: Grand Cross of the Redeemer
- Japan: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum, 9 June 1905[21]
- Military Order of Malta: Bailiff Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion[17]
- Norway: Grand Cross of St. Olav, with Collar, 25 July 1914[22]
- Ottoman Empire: Order of Osmanieh, 1st Class
- Poland: Knight of the White Eagle
- Portugal:
- Grand Cross of the Royal Military Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ
- Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword
- Romania: Grand Cross of the Star of Romania
- Russia:
- Siam:
- Spain: Knight of the Golden Fleece, 9 March 1924[23]
- Sweden: Knight of the Seraphim, 30 January 1901[24]
- United Kingdom: Honorary Grand Cross of the Bath (civil), 26 February 1907[25]
Ancestry
[edit]Ancestors of Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
See also
[edit]- PEC Zwolle, football club named in his honour
- Dutch State Mine (DSM) Hendrik, coal mine named in his honour
References
[edit]- ^ a b Joop W. Koopmans, Arend H. Huussen, Jr., Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands (2007), p, 243
- ^ Findling, John E.; Pelle, Kimberly D., eds. (1996). Historical Dictionary of the Modern Olympic Movement. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 68–74. ISBN 0313284776.
- ^ "Koninklijke Scouts 1. Nederland" (PDF). Piet J. Kroonenberg. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2009.
- ^ "Vader Hoekstra zou zoon van Prins Hendrik zijn". 10 August 2016.
- ^ "Nieuws".
- ^ "Albrecht Wenneker". MyHeritage.
- ^ "King Alex, Queen Max, and the Colorful House of Orange". Viva Nepotista. Archived from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
- ^ a b Grossherzoglich Mecklenburg-Schwerinscher Staatskalendar, 1908, p. 5
- ^ a b Staatsalmanak voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, 1921, "Koninkrijk Huis der Nederlanden" pp. 1–2
- ^ "Königliche Orden", Hof- und – Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Bayern (in German), Munich: Druck and Verlag, 1914, p. 10
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1910), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 41
- ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für das Jahr 1908. Braunschweig 1908. Meyer. p. 9
- ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 17
- ^ Sachsen (1901). "Königliche Orden". Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Sachsen: 1901. Dresden: Heinrich. p. 5 – via hathitrust.org.
- ^ "Königliche Orden", Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg, Stuttgart: Landesamt, 1907, p. 31
- ^ a b "Königlich Preussische Ordensliste", Preussische Ordens-Liste (in German), Berlin: 5, 9, 1895 – via hathitrust.org
- ^ a b c Justus Perthes, Almanach de Gotha (1922) p. 71
- ^ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Jørgen Pedersen (2009). Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 (in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 466. ISBN 978-87-7674-434-2.
- ^ "Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun Suurristi Ketjuineen". ritarikunnat.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ 刑部芳則 (2017). 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 (PDF) (in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 150.
- ^ "Den kongelige norske Sanct Olavs Orden", Norges Statskalender (in Norwegian), 1922, pp. 1173–1174, retrieved 17 September 2021 – via hathitrust.org
- ^ "Bolletino Ufficiale di Stato" (PDF).
- ^ "Sveriges statskalender (1905) p. 441" (in Swedish). Retrieved 6 January 2018 – via runeberg.org.
- ^ "The London Gazette, Issue: 28000 Page: 1463". The London Gazette. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
External links
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- 1876 births
- 1934 deaths
- House of Orange-Nassau
- Dutch royal consorts
- Dutch members of the Dutch Reformed Church
- Members of the Council of State (Netherlands)
- House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- Dutch people of German descent
- Royal Netherlands Army officers
- Royal Netherlands Army generals
- Royal Netherlands Navy admirals
- Royal Netherlands Navy officers
- Royal Netherlands East Indies Army generals
- Royal Netherlands East Indies Army officers
- Prussian Army personnel
- Converts to Calvinism from Lutheranism
- Sea rescue
- Scouting and Guiding in the Netherlands
- Burials in the Royal Crypt at Nieuwe Kerk, Delft
- Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
- Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
- Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau
- Grand Crosses of the Order of the House of Orange
- Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
- Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)
- Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
- Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
- Knights of the Order of Saint John in the Netherlands
- Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
- Sons of dukes
- Dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin