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November 1905

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The following events occurred in November 1905:

November 1, 1905 (Wednesday)

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November 2, 1905 (Thursday)

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  • The death of the wife of U.S. parachutist Charles Broadwick became the tragic inspiration for his invention of the parachute pack.[2] Maude Broadwick was present with her husband at a carnival in Anderson, South Carolina, and the two rode upward on a balloon. At the time, the practice was for the parachutist to be suspended beneath the balloon, and then to drop from high enough for the parachute to fill with air on the way down. Maude fell 200 feet (61 m) to her death from the balloon, with Charles unable to assist her. The following year, Charles Broadwick developed a chute that could be folded into a backpack, and opened by a static line attached to the balloon.[3]
  • Born:
  • Died: Albert von Kölliker, 88, Swiss zoologist

November 3, 1905 (Friday)

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  • Tsar Nicholas II continued his reforms, ending Russian censorship of the press and of private dispatches, as well as granting amnesty to political prisoners.[4]
  • Born: Lois Mailou Jones, African-American painter; in Boston (d. 1998)
  • Died: Eliza Thompson, 89, U.S. crusader against sales of liquor and activist within the temperance movement in the late 19th century, creator of the "Visitation Band" practice used in 23 states for peacefully putting bars and liquor stores out of business

November 4, 1905 (Saturday)

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November 5, 1905 (Sunday)

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November 6, 1905 (Monday)

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November 7, 1905 (Tuesday)

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November 8, 1905 (Wednesday)

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November 9, 1905 (Thursday)

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November 10, 1905 (Friday)

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November 11, 1905 (Saturday)

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  • The eradication of yellow fever among the workers constructing the Panama Canal was accomplished, as the last death from the disease was reported. Dr. William C. Gorgas had administered a campaign of sanitation and insect extermination campaign for several years and, upon administering the autopsy of the unidentified victim, "instructed his staff to take a good look at the man: he was, said Gorgas, the last yellow fever corpse they would see." Dr. Gorgas applied the discoveries of Cuban epidemiologist Carlos Finlay and the control strategies of Dr. Walter Reed of the U.S. Army to combat the yellow fever, which had killed thousands of workers during France's attempt to construct the Canal.[17]

November 12, 1905 (Sunday)

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November 13, 1905 (Monday)

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  • A two-day referendum in Norway concluded, as almost 79% of the people casting ballots voted "yes" on the question "Do you agree with the Storting's authorization to the government to invite Prince Carl of Denmark to become King of Norway?" (Enig i Stortingets bemyndigelse til regjeringen om at opfordre prins Carl af Danmark til at lade sig vælge til Norges konge?). The measure passed 328,827 to 69,264.[19][20]
  • As the yellow fever epidemic continued in the U.S., a quarantine was declared against people entering or leaving the ports of the Deep South on the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, as well as the port of Havana.[8]
  • Born: Raymond Oppenheimer, English businessman, golfer, and captain of Britain's team in the 1951 Walker Cup (d. 1984)

November 14, 1905 (Tuesday)

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November 15, 1905 (Wednesday)

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  • After Emperor Gojong of Korea refused to sign a "protection" treaty with the Japanese Empire, Japan's Prime Minister Ito ordered Japanese troops to surround the imperial palace and threatened to have Gojong arrested.
  • The six powers presented a 24-hour ultimatum to Turkey, demanding reforms of the Ottoman government, and stated that a refusal to answer would be followed by a demonstration of naval power.
  • In Saint Petersburg, Social Revolutionists began a labor strike with the stated goal of ending the Russian monarchy.
  • Born:

November 16, 1905 (Thursday)

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November 17, 1905 (Friday)

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November 18, 1905 (Saturday)

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King Haakon VII of Norway
  • Prince Carl of Denmark, grandson of Denmark's King Christian IX was unanimously approved by the Norwegian parliament to be offered the position of King of Norway. In response, Prince Carl sent a telegram, read aloud to the Storting, that he would take the name Haakon VII and "that he would confer upon his son", Alexander, the name Olav.[23] He would reign for 52 years.
  • The sinking of British steamer SS Hilda killed 125 of the 131 people on board, after the ship struck rocks while attempting to enter Saint-Malo harbor in France.[24] SS Hilda, operated by the London and South Western Railway Company for travel across the English Channel travel, had set off from Southampton at 10:00 pm the night before. Five passengers and one crew member survived by climbing the ship's rigging, which had remained above the water.[25]
  • Thirty-three of the crew of a German Navy torpedo boat S-128 were killed after the vessel sank near Kiel following a collision with the German cruiser Undine during naval maneuvers at Kiel.[26]

November 19, 1905 (Sunday)

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November 20, 1905 (Monday)

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Norway's delegates meet with Denmark's king

November 21, 1905 (Tuesday)

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  • Albert Einstein's groundbreaking paper on Mass–energy equivalence, "Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?" ("Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon its Energy-Content?"), was first published, appearing in the German journal Annalen der Physik.[30]
  • Austrian, Italian, French and British warships were dispatched to Piraeus in Greece to force Turkey to grant reforms in Macedonia. The allied fleet arrived on November 28 and took possession of Mitylene.[31]

November 22, 1905 (Wednesday)

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  • Lieutenant General Viktor Sakharov, the former Russian minister of war, was assassinated by Anastasia Bitsenko, a member of the terrorist SR Combat Organization, the Boyevaya Organzichiya.[32] After the group had voted a death sentence on the Minister, Bitsenko infiltrated the residence of Piotr Stolypin, Governor of Saratov, in order to be allowed to meet Sakharov. When she arrived, she placed the text of the death sentence in front of him and then shot him at point-blank range.[33] After the group had voted a death sentence on the Minister, Bitsenko infiltrated the residence of Piotr Stolypin, Governor of Saratov, in order to be allowed to meet Sakharov. When she arrived, she placed the text of the death sentence in front of him and then shot him at point-blank range.[33]
  • In Tulsa County, Oklahoma, wildcatters Robert Galbreath Jr. and Frank Chesley, were drilling for oil on farmland owned by Creek Indian Ida E. Glenn, when they had an oil gusher from what would soon be known as the Glenn Pool Oil Reserve". The discovery set off a boom of growth for the area. The population of Tulsa, Oklahoma (less than 1,400 in 1900) would increase to over 18,000 by 1910, over 72,000 by 1920 and more than 140,000 by 1930.
  • Born: James Burnham, American political theorist who converted from Trotskyist socialism to conservatism at the age of 35, and became the author of numerous conservative books, beginning with The Managerial Revolution; in Chicago (d. 1987)

November 23, 1905 (Thursday)

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Idéal Cinéma in 1920

November 24, 1905 (Friday)

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  • The government of the Russian Empire ended press censorship, no longer requiring periodicals to have their content approved before publication. In place of pre-publication review, the Russian government introduced the "Temporary Press Regulations" which advised publishers of what content could be considered seditious or libelous, and subject to prosecution after publication.[35]
  • Admiral Fyodor Dubasov became the new Governor General of Moscow.
  • The Russian zemstvo congress passed a resolution of no confidence in the government because of delays in granting universal suffrage to voters and planning for an elected constituent assembly.[31]
  • Born:

November 25, 1905 (Saturday)

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King Haakon VII (formerly Prince Carl), carrying future King Olav V (formerly Prince Alexander) arrive in Norway)
  • Norway's new monarch, King Haakon VII, set foot in his new country for the first time, bringing with him his wife Maud and their son Prince Alexander, who was given the name Prince Olaf.[36] Constituting the entire Norwegian royal family, the three arrived at Vippetangen on HDMY Dannebrog, and were welcomed by Norway's Prime Minister Christian Michelsen. The group then proceeded to the capital, Kristiania, which would be renamed Oslo in 1925.
  • The unbeaten and untied Yale Bulldogs (9-0-0) faced the once-beaten and once-tied Harvard Crimson at Harvard University before a crowd in Boston of 43,000 people. Yale, which had defeated the Princeton Tigers a week before, defeated Harvard, 6 to 0.[37]
  • Died: Nahum Meir Schaikewitz, 55, Russian-born American novelist known for his popular novels (under the pen name "Shomer") in Yiddish and Hebrew, as well as a playwright

November 26, 1905 (Sunday)

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November 27, 1905 (Monday)

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November 28, 1905 (Tuesday)

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  • The political party Sinn Féin was founded in Dublin by Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith, with a goal of achieving independence from Britain for all of Ireland.[41]
  • A cyclone killed at least 36 people on Lake Superior within the United States and destroyed or damaged 29 ships.[42] All 19 crew of the freighter SS Ira H. Owen were drowned and nine of the 27 people on the SS Mataafa froze to death.[43]
  • Russia's Army and Navy, commanded by General Alexander Meller-Zakomelsky, crushed the Ochakov mutiny, bombarding the rebels' ships and barracks at Sevastopol, three hours after having delivered an ultimatum. The mutiny was defeated within 90 minutes.[31]
  • U.S. Secretary of State Frank Root determined that the Isle of Pines properly belonged to the Republic of Cuba, and urged Americans there to respect Cuba's sovereignty.[31]
  • Korea's Foreign Minister Pak Chesoon, infamous as one of the Five Eulsa Traitors who had signed the documents making Korea a protectorate of Japan, became the new Prime Minister of Korea.
  • A national committee formed to propose a change in the U.S. presidential inauguration day, at the time on March 4 following November elections, voted to recommend that it be delayed to almost two months later, on the last Thursday in April.[31] Had the constitution been amended to adapt the change, the U.S. president would have been sworn in on April 29, 1909.
  • The student government of Columbia University became the first to recommend abolishing the game of football there unless rules could be changed to make the game safer.[44]

November 29, 1905 (Wednesday)

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  • In the largest protest against Austria's discriminatory electoral law, the Reichsratwahlordnung, a crowd of 250,000 workers demonstrated outside of the Parliament building in Vienna and rallied to demand universal suffrage in voting for the 85 seats of the Imperial Assembly (the Reichsrat). Voting was limited to a group of 4,931 men who owned large tracts of land. Lesser classes were limited to voting for the Chambers of Commerce. In all, only 17% of citizens of legal voting age were eligible to vote.[45]
  • Japan's privy council rescinded its wartime proclamation of martial law and press restrictions that had been imposed during the Russo-Japanese War.[31]
  • Telegraph service within Russia was suspended as telegraphers went on strike.[31]
  • Japan announced that its diplomatic legations to the U.S., the UK, France, Germany and Russia would all be raised to the status of embassies.[31]
  • Born: Marcel Lefebvre, French Roman Catholic archbishop who founded the Society of Saint Pius X in defiance of the Vatican, and who was excommunicated by Pope John Paul II in 1988; in Tourcoing, Nord département (d. 1991)

November 30, 1905 (Thursday)

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  • In the most anticipated college football game of the season, the unbeaten, untied and unscored upon University of Michigan Wolverines (12-0-0) visited Chicago's Marshall Field to play against the unbeaten and untied University of Chicago Maroons (10-0-0), for what would later be recognized by the NCAA as the national championship. Michigan, coached by Fielding H. Yost, had shut out all of its opponents, 495 to 0 and rode a 56-game winning streak. The Maroons had yielded only a field goal in outscoring the teams it played against, 271 to 3. Late in the game, Michigan's Denny Clark had received a punt in the end zone and, rather than downing it behind the goal line for a touchback, attempted to run the ball back and was tackled by Chicago's Mark Catlin for a safety. The Wolverines were unable to score and the final result was Chicago 2, Michigan 0.[46] The Yale University Bulldogs, who finished at 10-0-0 are recognized by the NCAA as the other national champions from the era.
  • Spain's Prime Minister Eugenio Montero Ríos and his cabinet resigned.[47]
  • In New York City, observances were to mark the 250th anniversary of the first settlement (in 1655) by the area by European Jews.[31]
  • Died: South Korean Army General Min Young-hwan, 44, committed suicide after having failed to persuade the Emperor Gojong that the Eulsa Treaty should be annulled.

References

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  1. ^ "Lahden kaupungin perustaminen". Tradicii.info (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
  2. ^ "Woman Falls to Her Death From Balloon", Atlanta Constitution, November 3, 1905, p. 1
  3. ^ "Pack Man: Charles Broadwick Invented a New Way of Falling", by Lisa Ritter, Air & Space magazine (April—May 2010) pp. 68–72
  4. ^ "Czar Grants Amnesty; Censorship Abolished", The New York Times, November 4, 1905, p. 2
  5. ^ "Troops Aid Finns and Czar Yields; Country's Freedom Won— Emperor Grants a Constitution to the Duchy; Not to Be Independent", The New York Times, November 5, 1905, p.1
  6. ^ "Finland in 1905: The political and social history of the revolution", by Antti Kujala, in The Russian Revolution of 1905: Centenary Perspectives, ed. by Jonathan D. Smele and Anthony Heywood (Routledge, 2005) p. 89
  7. ^ "1905 – The First Practical Airplane", Centennial of Flight Commission
  8. ^ a b c The American Monthly Review of Reviews (December 1905) pp. 666-669
  9. ^ "Lady Florence Dixie Dead; Author, Champion of Woman's Rights, and War Correspondent", The New York Times, November 8, 1905
  10. ^ "Alfred Büchi the inventor of the turbocharger", by James Scoltock, Automotive Engineer: Milestones, July 15, 2010, archived by Archive.org
  11. ^ "Sweden's New Ministry— Liberal Cabinet to be Headed by M. Staaf", The New York Times, November 7, 1905, p. 5
  12. ^ a b "Sequoyah Convention", by Richard Mize, in The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture online
  13. ^ "McClellan Elected Mayor by 3,087 Plurality— Hearst Will Contest", The New York Times, November 8, 1905, p.1
  14. ^ "Public Engagement and Personal Desires: BAPS Swaminarayan Temples and their Contribution to the Discourses on Religion", by Hanna Kim, International Journal of Hindu Studies (December 2009) p. 365
  15. ^ "Russian Sailors and Troops Mutiny— Hundreds of Soldiers and Machine Guns Fight Revolt", The New York Times, November 10, 1905, p.1
  16. ^ "Gen. Trepoff Removed", The New York Times, November 10, 1905, p.2
  17. ^ Matthew Parker, Panama Fever: The Epic Story of the Building of the Panama Canal (Knopf Doubleday, 2009) p. 331
  18. ^ "1905 Giro di Lombardia (Tour of Lombardy)", BikeRaceInfo website
  19. ^ Dieter Nohlen and Philip Stöver, Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook (Nomos, 2010) p.1437
  20. ^ "Norway Votes for a King; Big Majorities for Prince Charles— Republican Collapse a Surprise", The New York Times, November 14, 1905, p.1
  21. ^ "Korean Cabinet Gives In— Accepts Japanese Protectorate After a Nine Hours' Discussion", The New York Times, November 19, 1905, p. 3
  22. ^ "Eulsa, 42nd year of King Gojong, 21st day of 10th month [November 17, 1905, Gregorian calendar] sunny", diary of King Gojong online
  23. ^ "Norway Elects a King— Storthing Unanimously Chooses Prince Charles— To be Haakon VII", The New York Times, November 19, 1905, p. 3
  24. ^ "Over 100 Perish Off French Coast— Passenger Steamer in a Snowstorm Dashes on Rocks; Six Rescued from the Rigging", The New York Times, November 20, 1905, p. 1
  25. ^ "The final crossing: 17-18 November 1905", "Histoire Maritime" (histomar.net)
  26. ^ "33 Lost with Torpedo Boat— Collided with German Cruiser Undine and Sank in Kiel Bay", The New York Times, November 19, 1905, p. 1
  27. ^ "39 Dead in Glasgow Fire— Hundreds of Men Are Trapped in a Cheap Lodging House", The New York Times, November 20, 1905, p. 1
  28. ^ "Prince Charles Made King Haakon of Norway— Throne Accepted for Him by His Grandfather, King Christian", The New York Times, November 21, 1905, p. 4
  29. ^ "A new occurrence of vanadium in Peru", by Donnel F. Hewett, in Engineering and Mining Journal (1906) p. 385
  30. ^ David Bodanis, E=mc2: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2009)
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i The American Monthly Review of Reviews (January 1906) pp. 23-25
  32. ^ "Gen. Sakharoff Slain by a Woman— Ex-War Minister Had Been Having Peasants Whipped", The New York Times, December 7, 1905, p. 1
  33. ^ a b "The Shesterka of 1905-06: Terrorist Heroines of Revolutionary Russia", by Sally A. Boniece, Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas (Franz Steiner Verlag, 2010) pp. 172–191
  34. ^ "Dannebrog (1880-1931)", Danish Naval History
  35. ^ Richard Pipes, The Russian Revolution (Alfred A. Knopf, 1990) p. 157
  36. ^ "King Reaches Norway; People Acclaim Him— Haakon VII Enthusiastically Welcomed at Christiana", The New York Times, November 26, 1905, p. 12
  37. ^ "Yale Downs Harvard by Only Six Points", The New York Times, November 26, 1905, p. 13
  38. ^ "16 Killed, 25 Hurt in Blazing Wreck— Montreal Express on Boston and Maine Hits Local Train", The New York Times, November 27, 1905, p. 1
  39. ^ "Sailors Mutiny at Sevastopol", The New York Times, November 26, 1905, p. 1
  40. ^ "Czar's Warships to Join Mutiny— Men of a Battleship and a Cruiser Aid Rebels", The New York Times, November 27, 1905, p. 1
  41. ^ Brian Maye, Arthur Griffith (Griffith College Publications, 1997) p.101
  42. ^ "Forty May Be Dead in Storm", The New York Times, November 30, 1905, p. 1
  43. ^ "Lake Storm Took 45 Lives— The Owen Went Down with Nineteen— Thirty-two Vessels Lost in All", The New York Times, December 2, 1905, p.1
  44. ^ "Football Is Abolished by Columbia Committee— Game Too Dangerous and Demoralizing, Say Faculty", The New York Times, November 29, 1905, p. 1
  45. ^ "The Austrian Voter in Historical Perspective", by Oliver Rathkolb, in The Changing Austrian Voter, ed. by Cesare Pavese (Taylor & Francis, 2008)
  46. ^ "Michigan Lost to Chicago— Desperate Struggle Resulted 2 to 0; Measly Safety Was the Undoing of the Gladiators From the University of Michigan", by Joe S. Jackson, Detroit Free Press, December 1, 1905
  47. ^ "Spanish Cabinet Resigns", The Sun (New York), December 1, 1905, p. 1