1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections
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All 234 seats in the United States House of Representatives 118 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 2, 1852, and November 8, 1853. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 33rd United States Congress convened on December 5, 1853. The size of the House increased to 234 seats following the congressional reapportionment based on the 1850 United States census.
Democrats increased their House majority while electing national compromise candidate Franklin Pierce, a Northerner favorable to Southern interests, to the Presidency. Effects of the Compromise of 1850 temporarily had reduced sectional tensions, and both major parties, Democrats and Whigs, unified around the 1852 presidential campaign, with Whig unity more tenuous. Two small parties, the Constitutional Unionists and States' Rights parties, collapsed before this election, while the Free Soil Party, opposing slavery in the Western territories, retained four seats. One Independent, Caleb Lyon, was elected from New York.
Election summaries
[edit]Following the 1850 census, the House was reapportioned. In the initial apportionment bill, the number of seats was unchanged at 233,[1] but later one seat was added to California's delegation, increasing the total apportionment to 234, due to returns from California being determined to be incomplete.[2]
158 | 4 | 1 | 71 |
Democratic | FS | I | Whig |
State | Type | Date | Total seats | Democratic | Free Soil | Whig | Others | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||
Iowa | Districts | August 2, 1852 | 2 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Missouri | Districts | August 2, 1852 | 7 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Vermont | Districts | September 7, 1852 | 3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Maine | Districts | September 13, 1852 | 6 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Florida | At-large | October 5, 1852 | 1 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Indiana | Districts | October 12, 1852 | 11 | ![]() |
10 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Ohio | Districts | October 12, 1852 | 21 | ![]() |
12 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
7 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Pennsylvania | Districts | October 12, 1852 | 25 | ![]() |
16 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
9 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
California | At-large | November 2, 1852 (Election Day)[e] |
2 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Illinois | Districts | 9 | ![]() |
5[f] | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |
Michigan | Districts | 4 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |
New Jersey | Districts | 5 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |
New York | Districts | 33 | ![]() |
21 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
10 | ![]() |
1[g] | ![]() | |
Wisconsin | Districts | 3 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() | |
Delaware | At-large | November 8, 1852 | 1 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Massachusetts | Districts | November 8, 1852 | 11 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
9 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
South Carolina | Districts | February 28 – March 1, 1853 | 6 | ![]() |
6 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Late elections (after the March 4, 1853 beginning of the term) | ||||||||||||
New Hampshire | Districts | March 8, 1853 | 3 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Connecticut | Districts | April 4, 1853 | 4 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Rhode Island | Districts | April 6, 1853 | 2 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Virginia | Districts | May 26, 1853 | 13 | ![]() |
13 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Arkansas | Districts | August 1, 1853 | 2 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Kentucky | Districts | August 1, 1853 | 10 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Texas | Districts | August 1, 1853 | 2 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
North Carolina | Districts | August 4, 1853 | 8 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Tennessee | Districts | August 4, 1853 | 10 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Alabama | Districts | August 8, 1853 | 7 | ![]() |
6 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Georgia | Districts | October 3, 1853 | 8 | ![]() |
6 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Louisiana | Districts | November 1, 1853 | 4 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Maryland | Districts | November 2, 1853 | 6 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Mississippi | District + 1 at-large | November 7–8, 1853 | 5 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Total | 234 | ![]() |
158[f] 67.5% |
![]() |
4 1.7% |
![]() |
71 30.3% |
![]() |
1 0.4% |
![]() |
Alabama
[edit]Arkansas
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arkansas 1 | Robert W. Johnson Redistricted from the at-large district |
Democratic | 1846 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.[3] |
|
Arkansas 2 | New seat. Democratic gain. |
|
California
[edit]Note: From statehood to 1864, California's representatives were elected at-large, with the top two vote-getters winning election from 1849 to 1858; in 1860 when California gained a seat in the House the top three vote-getters were elected.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
Edward C. Marshall | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Joseph W. McCorkle | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
Connecticut
[edit]Delaware
[edit]Florida
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida at-large | Edward C. Cabell | Whig | 1846 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Georgia
[edit]Illinois
[edit]Indiana
[edit]Iowa
[edit]Kentucky
[edit]Louisiana
[edit]Maine
[edit]Maryland
[edit]Massachusetts
[edit]The elections were held November 8, 1852. However, many of the districts went to a December 13, 1852 second ballot.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | Zeno Scudder Redistricted from the 10th district |
Whig | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected on the second ballot. | First ballot (November 8, 1852)
|
Massachusetts 2 | |||||
Massachusetts 3 | |||||
Massachusetts 4 | |||||
Massachusetts 5 | |||||
Massachusetts 6 | |||||
Massachusetts 7 | |||||
Massachusetts 8 | |||||
Massachusetts 9 | |||||
Massachusetts 10 | |||||
Massachusetts 11 |
Michigan
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Michigan 1 | Ebenezer J. Penniman | Whig | 1850 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
Michigan 2 | Charles E. Stuart | Democratic | 1847 (special) 1848 (lost) 1850 |
Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator. Democratic hold. |
|
Michigan 3 | James L. Conger | Whig | 1850 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
Michigan 4 | None (New seat) | New seat. Democratic gain. |
|
Mississippi
[edit]Elections held late, from November 7 to 8, 1853
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi at-large | None (new district) | New seat. Democratic gain. |
| ||
Mississippi 1 | Benjamin D. Nabers | Unionist | 1851 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Whig. Democratic gain. |
|
Mississippi 2 | John A. Wilcox | Unionist | 1851 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Whig. Democratic gain. |
|
Mississippi 3 | John D. Freeman | Unionist | 1851 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
Mississippi 4 | Albert G. Brown | Southern Rights | 1847 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
▌![]() |
Missouri
[edit]New Hampshire
[edit]New Jersey
[edit]New York
[edit]North Carolina
[edit]Ohio
[edit]Pennsylvania
[edit]Rhode Island
[edit]South Carolina
[edit]Tennessee
[edit]Elections held late, on August 4, 1853.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | Andrew Johnson | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent retired to run for Governor. Democratic loss. |
|
Albert G. Watkins Redistricted from the 2nd district. |
Whig | 1849 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ||
Tennessee 2 | William M. Churchwell Redistricted from the 3rd district. |
Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 3 | New district | Democratic gain. |
| ||
Tennessee 4 | John H. Savage | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. |
|
William Cullom Redistricted from the 8th district. |
Whig | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Tennessee 5 | New district | Whig gain. |
| ||
Tennessee 6 | William H. Polk | Independent Democratic |
1851 | Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic loss. |
▌![]() |
George W. Jones Redistricted from the 5th district. |
Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Tennessee 7 | Meredith P. Gentry | Whig | 1845 | Incumbent retired. Whig hold. |
|
Tennessee 8 | New district | Whig gain. |
| ||
Tennessee 9 | Isham G. Harris | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. |
|
Christopher H. Williams Redistricted from the 11th district. |
Whig | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Tennessee 10 | Frederick P. Stanton | Democratic | 1845 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas
[edit]Vermont
[edit]Virginia
[edit]Wisconsin
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[26] | |
Wisconsin 1 | Charles Durkee | Free Soil | 1848 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Wisconsin 2 | Ben C. Eastman | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 3 | James Duane Doty | Ind. Democratic | 1848 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
Non-voting delegates
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Minnesota Territory | Henry Hastings Sibley | Democratic | 1848 (Wis. Territory: special) 1849 (Wis. Territory: eliminated) 1849 (Minn. Territory) |
Incumbent retired. New delegate elected. Democratic hold. |
|
New Mexico Territory | Richard H. Weightman | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent retired. New delegate elected in 1853. Democratic hold. |
|
Oregon Territory | Joseph Lane | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Includes three Union Whigs and two Union Democrats.
- ^ Includes four Southern Rights Democrats.
- ^ Included three Independent Democrats and one Independent Whig.
- ^ Includes one Independent, one Independent Democrat, and the Benton Independent.
- ^ In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
- ^ a b Includes 1 Independent Democrat, William Henry Bissell, elected to IL-08.
- ^ Caleb Lyon was elected to NY-23 as an Independent.
- ^ Previous election had 1 Constitutional Union member.
- ^ Previous election had 6 Constitutional Union and 2 States' Rights.
- ^ Previous election had 3 Constitutional Union and 1 States' Rights.
- ^ Full name unpublished in source, presumably Alexander Wilkin (Whig)
References
[edit]- ^ 9 Stat. 432
- ^ 10 Stat. 25
- ^ a b c Guide to U.S. Elections. Vol. II (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 2010. p. 1016. ISBN 9781604265361. LCCN 2009033938. OCLC 430736650.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - CA - at Large Race - Nov 02, 1852".
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 1 - 1st Trial Race - Nov 08, 1852".
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 1 - 2nd Trial Race - Dec 13, 1852".
- ^ "MI - District 01 Race - Nov 02, 1852". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 02 Race - Nov 02, 1852". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 03 Race - Nov 02, 1852". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 04 Race - Nov 02, 1852". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MS - At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "Official Vote on Members of Congress". The Weekly Wisconsin. December 8, 1852. p. 3. Retrieved May 23, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Greeley, Horace (February 22, 1868). "The Tribune Almanac for the Years L838 to L868, Inclusive: Comprehending the Politician's Register and the Whig Almanac, Containing Annual Election Returns by States and Counties ... Political Essays ... &c., Making a Connected Political History for Thirty Years". New York tribune – via Google Books.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NM Territorial Delegate Race - Oct 01, 1853".
Bibliography
[edit]- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
[edit]- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)