User:Y-S.Ko/Wikipedia course/Economics

Economics

v t e Economics
Theoretical	Microeconomics Decision theory Price theory Game theory Contract theory Mechanism design Macroeconomics Mathematical economics Complexity economics Computational economics Agent-based computational economics Behavioral economics Pluralism in economics
Empirical	Econometrics Economic statistics Experimental economics Economic history
Applied	Agricultural Behavioral Business Cultural Democracy Demographic Development Digitization Ecological Education Engineering Environmental Evolutionary Expeditionary Feminist Financial Geographical Happiness Health Historical Humanistic Industrial organization Information Institutional Knowledge Labour Law Managerial Monetary Natural resource Organizational Participation Personnel Planning Policy Public Public choice / Social choice theory Regional Rural Service Socio Sociological Solidarity Statistics Urban Welfare
Schools (history)	Mainstream Heterodox American (National) Ancient thought Anarchist Mutualism Austrian Behavioral Buddhist Chartalism Modern monetary theory Chicago Classical Critique of political economy Democratic Disequilibrium Ecological Evolutionary Feminist Georgism Happiness Historical Humanistic Institutional Keynesian Neo- (neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis) New Post- Circuitism Malthusianism Marginalism Marxian Neo- Mercantilism Mixed Neoclassical Lausanne New classical Real business-cycle theory New institutional Physiocracy Socialist Stockholm Supply-side Thermo
Economists	de Mandeville Quesnay Smith Malthus Say Ricardo von Thünen List Bastiat Cournot Mill Gossen Marx Walras Jevons George Menger Marshall Edgeworth Clark Pareto von Böhm-Bawerk von Wieser Veblen Fisher Pigou Heckscher von Mises Schumpeter Keynes Knight Polanyi Frisch Sraffa Myrdal Hayek Kalecki Röpke Kuznets Tinbergen Robinson von Neumann Hicks Lange Leontief Galbraith Koopmans Schumacher Friedman Samuelson Simon Buchanan Arrow Baumol Solow Rothbard Greenspan Sowell Becker Ostrom Sen Lucas Stiglitz Thaler Hoppe Krugman Piketty more
Lists	Glossary Economists Publications (journals) Schools
Category Index Lists Outline Publications Business portal

Microeconomics

[edit]

Microeconomics

v t e Microeconomics
Major topics	Aggregation Budget set Consumer choice Convexity and non-convexity Cost Average Marginal Opportunity Implicit Social Sunk Transaction Cost–benefit analysis Deadweight loss Distribution Economies of scale Economies of scope Elasticity Cross elasticity of demand Income elasticity of demand Price elasticity of demand Price elasticity of supply Equilibrium General Exchange Externality Firms Goods and services Goods Service Household Income–consumption curve Information Indifference curve Intertemporal choice Market Market failure Market structure Competition Monopolistic Perfect Duopoly Monopoly Bilateral Complementary Monopsony Oligopoly Oligopsony Pareto efficiency Preferences Price Price controls Price ceiling Price floor Price discrimination Price signal Price system/Free Pricing Production Profit Public goods Rationing Rent Returns to scale Risk aversion Scarcity Shortage/Excess supply Substitution effect Surplus Social choice Supply and demand Demand/Law of demand Supply/Law of supply Uncertainty Utility Expected Marginal Wage
Subfields	Behavioral Business Computational Development Statistical decision theory Econometrics Engineering economics Civil engineering economics Evolutionary Experimental Game theory Green Industrial organization Institutional Labor Law Managerial Mathematical Microfoundations of macroeconomics Operations research Optimization Welfare
See also	Economics Applied Macroeconomics Political economy
Business portal Category

Major industries

Natural sector

Biotic

Agriculture	Arable farming Cereals Legumes Vegetables Fiber crops Oilseeds Sugar Tobacco Permanent crops Apples et al. Berries Citrus Stone fruits Tropical fruit Viticulture Cocoa Coffee Tea Nuts Olives Medicinal plants Spices Horticulture Flowers Seeds Animal husbandry Beef cattle Dairy farming Fur farming Horses Other livestock Pig Wool Poultry Beekeeping Cochineal Shellac Silk Hunting Fur trapping
Forestry	Silviculture Bamboo Logging Firewood Rattan Tree tapping Frankincense Gum arabic Gutta-percha Maple syrup Mastic Natural rubber Palm sugar, syrup, & wine Pine resin Wild mushrooms Fungiculture Truffles
Aquatic	Fishing Anchovies Herring Sardines Cod Haddock Pollock Mackerel Shark Swordfish Tuna Crabs Lobsters Sea urchins Squid Whaling Aquaculture Carp Catfish Tilapia Abalone Mussels Oysters Pearls Microalgae Seaweed Both Clams Sea cucumbers Scallops Salmon Shrimp

Geological

Fossil fuels
- Coal
- Peat
- Natural gas
- Oil shale
- Petroleum
- Tar sands
Mining of ores
- Aluminum
- Copper
- Iron
- Gold
- Silver
- Palladium
- Platinum
- Lithium
- Rare-earth metals
- Uranium
Other minerals
- Gemstones
- Phosphorus
- Potash
- Salt
- Sulfur
Quarrying
- Gravel
- Sand
- Chalk
- Clay
- Gypsum
- Limestone
- Dimension stone
- Granite
- Marble

Industrial sector

Manufacturing

Light industry	Food Animal feed Baking Canning Dairy products Flour Meat Prepared Preserved Sweets Vegetable oils Beverages Beer Bottled water Liquor Soft drinks Wine Textiles Carding Dyeing Prints Spinning Weaving Carpets Lace Linens Rope Clothing Accessories Dressmaking Furs Hatmaking Sewing Shoemaking Tailoring Printing Bookbinding Embossing Engraving Secure Typesetting Media reproduction Cassette tapes Phonographs Optical discs Metal fabrication Boilermaking Builders' & household hardware Cutlery Gunsmithing Locksmithing Machining Other smithing Powder metallurgy Prefabrication Surface finishing Other fabrication 3D printing Blow molding Drawing Extrusion Glassblowing Injection moulding Pottery Sintering Stonemasonry Woodworking Furniture Other goods Baggage Bicycles Jewellery Medical supplies Musical instruments Office supplies Outdoors & sports equipment Personal protective equipment Toys
Electrical & optical	Electronics Components Circuit boards Semiconductors Computers Computer systems Parts & peripherals Blank storage media Communications equipment Mobile phones Network infrastructure Consumer electronics Televisions Video game consoles Instrumentation Clocks and watches GPS devices Scientific instruments Medical imaging systems Optical instruments Cameras Gun & spotting scopes Laser construction Lens grinding Microscopes Telescopes Electrical equipment Batteries Electrical & fiber optic cables Electric lighting Electric motors Home appliances Transformers
Chemicals	Coal & oil refining Bitumen Coke Diesel fuel Fuel oil Gasoline Jet fuel Kerosene Mineral oil Paraffin wax Petrochemicals Petroleum jelly Propane Synthetic oil Tar Commodity chemicals Fertilizers Industrial gases Pigments Pure elements Speciality chemicals Adhesives Agrochemicals Aroma compounds Cleaning products Cosmetics Explosives Fireworks Paints & inks Perfumes Soap Toiletries Fine chemicals Pharmaceuticals Antibiotics Blood products Chemical & hormonal contraceptives Generic drugs Illegal drugs Supplements Vaccines
Materials	Leather Liming & deliming Tanning Currying & oiling Wood Drying Sawmilling Engineered Lumber Composite Paper Sizing Cardboard Pulp Tissue Rubber Tires Vulcanized rubber Plastics Commodity Engineered Specialty Pellets Synthetic fibers Thermoplastics & thermosets Glass Borosilicate Fused quartz Soda-lime Float glass Glass fiber Glass wool & fiberglass Safety glass Ceramics Brick Earthenware Porcelain Refractory Tile Cement Mortar Plaster Ready-mix concrete Other mineral Abrasives Carbon fibers & advanced materials Mineral wool Synthetic gems Metal refining Iron Aluminum Copper Alloys Steel Formed metal Rolled Forged Cast metal
Heavy industry	Machinery Conveyors Heavy Hydraulic Machine tools Power & wind turbines Automobiles Other heavy vehicles Aerospace & space Rail vehicles Ships & offshore platforms Weapons

Utilities

Power
Water
- Sewage
Waste management
Remediation
Telecom networks
- Cable TV
- Internet
- Mobile
- Satellite
- Telephone

Construction

Buildings
Civil engineering
- Bridges
- Railways
- Roads
- Tunnels
- Canals
- Dams
- Dredging
- Harbors
Specialty trades

Service sector

Sales	Retail Car dealership Consumer goods General store Grocery store Department store Mail order Online shopping Specialty store Wholesale Auction Brokerage Distribution
Transport & Storage	Cargo Air cargo Intermodal Mail Moving company Rail Trucking Passenger transport Airlines Car rentals Passenger rail Ridesharing Taxis Warehousing Self storage
Hospitality	Foodservice Drink service Cafés Catering Fast food Food delivery Restaurants Teahouses Hotels
Asset management	Financial services Banking Credit Financial advice Holding company Money transfer Payment cards Risk management Securities Insurance Health Life Pension funding Property Reinsurance Real estate Brokerage Property management
Professional	Accounting Assurance Audit Bookkeeping Tax advice Architecture & engineering Inspection Surveying Physical, product, & system testing Design Fashion Interior Product Legal services Management Consulting Public relations Marketing Advertising Creative Language Research and development Basic research
Healthcare	Medicine Dentist offices Hospitals Nursing Residential care Veterinary medicine
Entertainment & leisure	Audio-visual Film Music Video games Broadcasting News Radio Television Sport Travel Business travel Cruise lines Tourism Gambling Online Venues Arcades Amusement parks Fairgrounds Nightclubs Tabletop games
Publishing & Mass media	Written Books Periodicals Software Internet Hosting Social networks Streaming Websites
Education	Primary Secondary Tertiary Vocational school University Testing Tutoring
Other	Administrative Customer service Leasing Renting Staffing Private investigation & security Maintenance Janitors Landscaping Repairs Personal services Beauty Dry cleaning Funeral Maid service Pet care Sex Poverty

Classification standards	Production-based ANZSIC ISIC NACE NAICS SIC UKSIC Market-based GICS ICB TRBC
Inputs & outputs	Externalities Community Crime Culture Pollution Well-being Funding Goods Commodities Final Intermediate Raw material Innovation Primary inputs Labor Natural resources Physical capital Services Technology
Organization	Centralization Cartel Conglomerate Horizontal integration Mergers and acquisitions Monopoly Monopsony Vertical integration Decentralization Enforced breakup Freelancing Homesteading Outsourcing Putting-out system Spinning-off Temporary work Ownership Cooperative Joint-stock company Nationalization Nonprofit organization Partnership Privatization Sole proprietorship State-owned enterprise

v t e Topics of game theory
Definitions	Congestion game Cooperative game Determinacy Escalation of commitment Extensive-form game First-player and second-player win Game complexity Graphical game Hierarchy of beliefs Information set Normal-form game Preference Sequential game Simultaneous game Simultaneous action selection Solved game Succinct game Mechanism design
Equilibrium concepts	Bayes correlated equilibrium Bayesian Nash equilibrium Berge equilibrium Core Correlated equilibrium Coalition-proof Nash equilibrium Epsilon-equilibrium Evolutionarily stable strategy Gibbs equilibrium Mertens-stable equilibrium Markov perfect equilibrium Nash equilibrium Pareto efficiency Perfect Bayesian equilibrium Proper equilibrium Quantal response equilibrium Quasi-perfect equilibrium Risk dominance Satisfaction equilibrium Self-confirming equilibrium Sequential equilibrium Shapley value Strong Nash equilibrium Subgame perfection Trembling hand equilibrium
Strategies	Appeasement Backward induction Bid shading Collusion Cheap talk De-escalation Deterrence Escalation Forward induction Grim trigger Markov strategy Pairing strategy Dominant strategies Pure strategy Mixed strategy Strategy-stealing argument Tit for tat
Classes of games	Auction Bargaining problem Global game Intransitive game Mean-field game n-player game Perfect information Large Poisson game Potential game Repeated game Screening game Signaling game Strictly determined game Stochastic game Symmetric game Zero-sum game
Games	Go Chess Infinite chess Checkers All-pay auction Prisoner's dilemma Gift-exchange game Optional prisoner's dilemma Traveler's dilemma Coordination game Chicken Centipede game Lewis signaling game Volunteer's dilemma Dollar auction Battle of the sexes Stag hunt Matching pennies Ultimatum game Electronic mail game Rock paper scissors Pirate game Dictator game Public goods game Blotto game War of attrition El Farol Bar problem Fair division Fair cake-cutting Bertrand competition Cournot competition Stackelberg competition Deadlock Diner's dilemma Guess 2/3 of the average Kuhn poker Nash bargaining game Induction puzzles Trust game Princess and monster game Rendezvous problem
Theorems	Aumann's agreement theorem Folk theorem Minimax theorem Nash's theorem Negamax theorem Purification theorem Revelation principle Sprague–Grundy theorem Zermelo's theorem
Key figures	Albert W. Tucker Amos Tversky Antoine Augustin Cournot Ariel Rubinstein Claude Shannon Daniel Kahneman David K. Levine David M. Kreps Donald B. Gillies Drew Fudenberg Eric Maskin Harold W. Kuhn Herbert Simon Hervé Moulin John Conway Jean Tirole Jean-François Mertens Jennifer Tour Chayes John Harsanyi John Maynard Smith John Nash John von Neumann Kenneth Arrow Kenneth Binmore Leonid Hurwicz Lloyd Shapley Melvin Dresher Merrill M. Flood Olga Bondareva Oskar Morgenstern Paul Milgrom Peyton Young Reinhard Selten Robert Axelrod Robert Aumann Robert B. Wilson Roger Myerson Samuel Bowles Suzanne Scotchmer Thomas Schelling William Vickrey
Search optimizations	Alpha–beta pruning Aspiration window Principal variation search max^n algorithm Paranoid algorithm Lazy SMP
Miscellaneous	Bounded rationality Combinatorial game theory Confrontation analysis Coopetition Evolutionary game theory Glossary of game theory List of game theorists List of games in game theory No-win situation Topological game Tragedy of the commons

Property

By owner

By nature

Commons

Theory

Applications

Acequia (watercourse) Ejido (agrarian land) Estate legal literary real Forest types Huerta Inheritance executor Land tenure Property law alienation easement restraint on alienation real estate title
Rights	Air Fishing Forest-dwelling (India) Freedom to roam Grazing pannage Hunting Land aboriginal indigenous squatting Littoral Mineral Bergregal Right of way (transit) Right of way (property access) Water prior-appropriation riparian

Disposession/
redistribution

Bioprospecting
- biopiracy
Collectivization
Eminent domain
Enclosure
Eviction
Expropriation
Farhud
Forced migration
- population transfer
- repatriation
Illegal fishing
Illegal logging
Land Back
Land reform
Legal plunder
Piracy
Poaching
Primitive accumulation
Privatization
Regulatory taking
Slavery
- bride buying
- human trafficking
- spousal
  - husband-selling
  - wife selling
- wage
Tax
- inheritance
- poll
- progressive
- property
Theft

Scholars
(key work)

Categories: Property
Property law
- by country

Goods and consumer

[edit]

v t e Types of capital
By form	Academic Accumulation of capital Circulating/Floating Cultural Cross-cultural Educational Financial Fixed Human Individual Information Intangible Intellectual Natural Organizational Physical Political Public Reputation Sexual Social Symbolic Venture Working
By term	Liquid (short) vs. Patient (long)
Marxist analytical	Constant Variable Fictitious
Marxist historical	Monopoly Financial capital

Types of goods

Aspects of corporations

See also templates: Aspects of jobs; Aspects of occupations; Aspects of organizations; Aspects of workplaces; Corporate titles

v t e Aspects of jobs
Topics	Analysis Attitude Bullshit job Control Dead-end Description management Embeddedness Enlargement Enrichment Fair Fraud Hunting Interview Jobless recovery Lock Make-work job McJob Performance Personality–job fit theory Recession-proof job Rotation Satisfaction Security Shadow Sharing Strain Wrapping
See also	Bullshit job Corporation Employment Exploitation of labour Factory Job Job sharing Labour movement Labor rights Office Organization Remote work Strike action Trade union Whistleblower
Templates	Aspects of corporations Aspects of occupations Aspects of organizations Aspects of workplaces Employment

v t e Aspects of workplaces
Topics	Absenteeism Abusive supervision Aggression Anti-pattern Artificial intelligence Bullying Climate Culture Computer surveillance Conflict Control freak Counterproductive behaviour Coworking Culture of fear Democracy Deviance Discrimination Diversity Divide and rule Drug tests Effects of overtime Emotional labor Emotions Employee assistance Employee engagement Employee experience Employee monitoring Employee morale Employee recognition Employee silence Employee surveys Empowerment Evaluation Feminisation Generations Goofing off Gossip Happiness Harassment Health promotion Health surveillance Hostile work environment Humor Incivility Inequality Intervention Jargon Kick the cat Kiss up kick down Listening Machiavellianism Menopause Micromanagement Mobbing Narcissism Office politics Overwork Parkinson's law Performance appraisal Personality clash Phobia Positive psychology Privacy Probation Profanity Psychopathy Quality of working life Queen bee syndrome Rat race Relationships Revenge Robotics safety Role conflict Sabotage Spirituality Strategy Stress Toxic workplace Toxic leader Training Turnover Undermining Violence Virtual Wellness Work–family conflict Workload Workplace harassment Workwear
See also	Corporation Employment Factory Headquarters Job Job sharing Labour movement Labor rights Office Organization Remote work Strike action Trade union Whistleblower
Templates	Aspects of corporations Aspects of jobs Aspects of occupations Aspects of organizations Employment

v t e Consumer behaviour
Concepts	Consumption Autonomous consumption Induced consumption Consumer culture theory Consumer debt Consumer economy Consumer spending
Research types	Consumer choice Consumer economics Consumer neuroscience Consumer product Marketing research
Consumer attributes	Consumer confidence Consumer confusion Consumer ethnocentrism Consumer socialization Consumer's risk Consumption function Cultural consumer Homo economicus
Processes	Consumers' co-operative Consumer-to-business Factory-to-consumer Consumer service Consumerization

v t e Real estate
Property Tertiary sector of the economy
By location	Bangladesh Canada China Indonesia Italy Turkey Kenya Pakistan Panama Puerto Rico Russia Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates United Kingdom
Types	Commercial property Commercial building Corporate Real Estate Extraterrestrial real estate International real estate Lease administration Niche real estate Garden real estate Healthcare real estate Vacation property Arable land Golf property Luxury real estate Off-plan property Private equity real estate Real estate owned Residential property
Sectors	Property management Real estate development Real estate investing Real estate flipping Relocation
Law and regulation	Adverse possession Chain of title Closing Concurrent estate Conditional sale Conveyancing Deed Eminent domain Encumbrance Foreclosure Land law Land registration Leasehold estate Lease Property abstract Real estate transaction Real estate contract Real property Rent regulation Severance Torrens title Zoning
Economics, financing and valuation	Asset-based lending Capitalization rate Effective gross income Gross rent multiplier Hard money loan Highest and best use Home equity loan Investment rating for real estate Mortgage insurance Mortgage loan Real estate derivative Real estate economics Real estate bubble Real estate valuation Remortgage Rental value
Parties	Appraiser Buyer agent Buyer broker Chartered Surveyor Exclusive buyer agent Land banking Landlord Moving company Property manager Real estate broker Real estate investment club Real estate investment trust Real property administrator Tenant
Other	Companies Eviction Filtering Gentrification Graduate real estate education Green belt Indices Industry trade groups Investment firms Land banking People Property cycle Real estate trends Undergraduate real estate programs Urban decay Urban planning List of housing markets by real estate prices
Category Commons List of topics

Economic sectors
Three-sector model
Primary sector (raw materials) Secondary sector (manufacturing) Tertiary sector (services)
Additional sectors
Quaternary sector (information services) Quinary sector (human services)
Theorists
AGB Fisher Colin Clark Jean Fourastié
Sectors by ownership
Business sector Private sector Public sector Voluntary sector
v t e

Auctions
Part of a series on

Types
All-pay Chinese Bidding fee Dollar Amsterdam Anglo-Dutch Barter double Best/not best Brazilian Calcutta Candle Click-box bidding Combinatorial Common value Deferred-acceptance Discriminatory price Double Dutch English Forward French Generalized first-price Generalized second-price Japanese Knapsack Multi-attribute Multiunit No-reserve Rank Reverse Scottish Sealed first-price Simultaneous ascending Single-price Traffic light Uniform price Unique bid Value of revenues Vickrey Vickrey–Clarke–Groves Walrasian Yankee
Bidding
Shading Calor licitantis Cancellation hunt Jump Rigging Sniping Suicide Tacit collusion
Contexts
Algorithms Autos Art Charity Children Players Domain names Flowers Loans Scam Slaves Spectrum Stamps Virginity Wine Wives
Theory
Digital goods Price of anarchy Revenue equivalence Winner's curse
Online
Ebidding Private electronic market Software
v t e

Grey market
Types Automobile Broadcast piracy Cellular phones Stock market securities Green market
Legal aspects Copyright infringement First-sale doctrine Warranty Trademark
Political aspects Agorism Anarchism Copyleft Counter-economics Free market Free trade Laissez-faire Opposition to copyright
Related subjects Black market Informal economy Regional lockout Victimless crime
v t e

Macroeconomics

[edit]

Macroeconomics

Basic concepts

Policies

Models

Related fields

Schools

Mainstream	Keynesian Neo- New Monetarism New classical Real business-cycle theory Stockholm Supply-side New neoclassical synthesis Saltwater and freshwater
Heterodox	Austrian Chartalism Modern monetary theory Ecological Post-Keynesian Circuitism Disequilibrium Marxian Market monetarism

Notable macroeconomists

Critique

Critique of political economy

Development economics

Economies by region
Africa North America South America Asia Europe Oceania
Economic growth theories
Harrod–Domar model Neoclassical growth model Endogenous growth theory Unified growth theory Balanced growth theory
Fields and subfields
Economic inequality Poverty Undernutrition Land Labour Human capital Education Property Rights Microfinance Decentralization Environmental determinism
Lists
Journals Publications Categories Outline Economists
v t e

Finance

[edit]

Finance

General areas of finance

Financial risk and financial risk management

Management

[edit]

Management

By type
of organization

By focus,
within an
organization

On scope

Strategic (top-level)	Capability Capital Change Communication Financial Innovation Legal Performance Risk Systems
On component	Facility Product Product lifecycle Brand Project Construction Program

On activity or
department
managed

Line	Marketing Operations/production Process Quality Sales
Staff	Accounting Office Records

On aspect or
relationship

On problem

On resource

Positions

Methods,
approaches

Skills,
activities

Pioneers,
scholars

Education

Degrees

Other

Systems science portal

Business administration
Management of a business
Accounting Management accounting Financial accounting Audit
Business entity (list) Corporate group Corporation sole Company Conglomerate Holding company Cooperative Corporation Joint-stock company Limited liability company Partnership Privately held company Sole proprietorship State-owned enterprise
Corporate governance Annual general meeting Board of directors Supervisory board Advisory board Audit committee
Corporate law Commercial law Constitutional documents Contract Corporate crime Corporate liability Insolvency law International trade law Mergers and acquisitions
Corporate title Chairman Chief business officer/Chief brand officer Chief executive officer/Chief operating officer Chief financial officer Chief human resources officer Chief information officer/Chief marketing officer Chief product officer/Chief technology officer
Economics Commodity Public economics Labour economics Development economics International economics Mixed economy Planned economy Econometrics Environmental economics Open economy Market economy Knowledge economy Microeconomics Macroeconomics Economic development Economic statistics
Finance Financial statement Insurance Factoring Cash conversion cycle Insider dealing Capital budgeting Commercial bank Derivative Financial statement analysis Financial risk Public finance Corporate finance Managerial finance International finance Liquidation Stock market Financial market Tax Financial institution Capital management Venture capital
Types of management Asset Brand Business intelligence Business development Capacity Capability Change innovation Commercial Marketing Communications Configuration Conflict Content Customer relationship Distributed Earned value Electronic business Enterprise resource planning management information system Financial Human resource development Incident Knowledge Legal Materials Network administrator Office Operations services Performance Power Process Product life-cycle Product Project Property Quality Records Resource Risk crisis Sales Security Service Strategic Supply chain Systems administrator Talent Technology
Organization Architecture Behavior Communication Culture Conflict Development Engineering Hierarchy Patterns Space Structure
Trade Business analysis Business ethics Business plan Business judgment rule Consumer behaviour Business operations International business Business model International trade Trade route Business process Business statistics
Business and economics portal
v t e

Consulting

Areas of
expertise

Others

Lists

MBB	McKinsey & Company Boston Consulting Group Bain & Company
Big Four	Deloitte Ernst & Young KPMG PwC
Others	List of management consulting firms List of IT consulting firms

Category

v t e Peter Drucker
Books	Concept of the Corporation (1946) The Landmarks of Tomorrow (1959) Post-Capitalist Society (1993)
Concepts	Knowledge worker Management by objectives
Other	Global Peter Drucker Forum Peter F. Drucker and Masatoshi Ito Graduate School of Management Moshidora film adaptation

Economic history

[edit]

Economic history

v t e Economic histories by country
Africa	Africa Algeria Angola Botswana Democratic Republic of the Congo Egypt Ethiopia Eritrea Ghana Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Madagascar Morocco Mozambique Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Somalia South Africa Sudan Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
Americas	Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Barbados Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Cuba Ecuador Haiti Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru United States Uruguay
Asia	Arab world Azerbaijan Cambodia China East Timor India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Malaysia North Korea Mongolia Palestine Pakistan Philippines Saudi Arabia Solomon Islands Singapore South Korea Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Vietnam
Europe	Europe Albania Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Republic of Ireland Italy Lithuania Netherlands Norway Portugal Russia Slovakia Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Scotland Wales
Oceania	Australia New Zealand
Former industrialized economies	Austria-Hungary Czechoslovakia East Germany Empire of Brazil Empire of Japan Mongolian People's Republic Serbia and Montenegro Soviet Union Yugoslavia
Historical economies	Ancient Greece Ashanti Empire Byzantine Empire China Han dynasty Song dynasty Ming dynasty Republic of China Confederate States of America Dutch Republic England in the Middle Ages Ethiopian Empire Feudal Japan Habsburg monarchy Inca Empire Iroquois Mongol Empire Muisca Ottoman Empire Roman Empire Scotland in the Middle Ages Tamil Country

v t e Industrial and technological revolution
Proto First Second Third Fourth Fifth Potential future
Themes	Coal Coal mining Coke Cotton Industry/Manufacturing Invention Iron Machinery Metallurgy Sociology Steam power Steel Technology Textiles Water power Workforce Economies of agglomeration Economies of density Economies of scale
People/ groups	Richard Arkwright Thomas Boulsover Matthew Boulton James Brindley Isambard Kingdom Brunel Edmund Cartwright Henry Cort Thomas and George Cranege Samuel Crompton Abraham Darby I Abraham Darby II Abraham Darby III Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater William Fairbairn James Hargreaves Hawks family Thomas Highs Eaton Hodgkinson Benjamin Huntsman Joseph Marie Jacquard John Kay (flying shuttle) John Kay (spinning frame) Francis Cabot Lowell Lunar Society Thomas Newcomen Robert Owen Lewis Paul William Radcliffe Richard Roberts Thomas Savery Samuel Slater John Smeaton George Stephenson Robert Stephenson Thomas Telford Richard Trevithick James Watt John Wilkinson John Wyatt
Places	Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet Allentown Bethlehem Bridgewater Canal Broseley Coalbrookdale Cromford Derwent Valley Mills Ironbridge New Lanark Portsmouth Block Mills Quarry Bank Mill Soho Foundry Stockton and Darlington Railway
Invention/ technology	Blast furnace Canal Cotton mill Crucible steel Factory Flying shuttle Newcomen steam engine Power loom Railway Reverberatory furnace Sheffield plate Spinning frame Spinning jenny Steam engine Stephenson's Rocket Water frame Watt steam engine
Social impact	Bourgeoisie Child labour History of the cooperative Movement Cottage industry Factory Acts Great Divergence Industrial unrest Luddite Proletariat Rochdale Pioneers Urbanization Industrial warfare
Reference	History of technology History of the British canal system Industrial archaeology List of United Kingdom-related topics Timeline of clothing and textiles technology Timeline of invention Timeline of materials technology Timeline of steam power
Category Commons

v t e Great Depression
Topics	Causes Wall Street Crash of 1929 Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act Dust Bowl Effect in cities Recession of 1937–1938 Timeline
By country	Argentina Australia Brazil Canada Chile France Germany India Italy Japan Latin America Netherlands Romania South Africa United Kingdom United States
United States	Bonus Army New Deal
Category Commons

Great Recession

By region

Africa
Americas
- United States
- South America
Asia
Europe
- Iceland
Oceania

United States-specific

Banking losses and fraud

Government entities

Government policy and spending responses

Banking and finance
stability and reform

Bank stress tests	EU U.S.

Stimulus and recovery

Government interventions,
rescues, and acquisitions

List of banks acquired or bankrupted during the Great Recession

Non-banking	Chrysler General Motors

Securities involved
and financial markets

Social responses

Tea Party protests (United States; c. 2009)
2009 May Day protests (Europe, Middle East and North Africa, Asia; 2009)
Arab Spring (MENA; 2010–2012)
Occupy movement (worldwide; 2011–2012)
- Occupy Wall Street

Economic thoughts

[edit]

History of economic thought

Schools of economic thought

Pre-modern

Modern era

Early modern	Cameralism Mercantilism Physiocrats School of Salamanca
Late modern	American (National) Austrian Birmingham Classical Ricardian Distributist English historical French liberal Georgism German historical Malthusian Manchester Marginalism Marxist economics Marxian critique of political economy Mutualism Neoclassical Lausanne Socialist
Contemporary (20th and 21st centuries)	Behavioral Buddhist Capability approach Carnegie Chartalism Modern Monetary Theory Chicago Constitutional Cracovian Disequilibrium Ecological Evolutionary Feminist Freiburg Institutional Keynesian Neo- Neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis New Post- Circuitism Keynes–Marx synthesis Monetarism Market Neo-Malthusian Neo-Marxian Neo-Ricardian Neo-Schumpeterian Neoliberalism New classical Rational expectations theory Real business-cycle theory New institutional New neoclassical synthesis Organizational Public choice Regulation Saltwater/freshwater Stockholm Structuralist Supply-side Technocracy movement Thermoeconomics Virginia Social credit

v t e Mercantilists
Antonio Serra Gerard de Malynes Edward Misselden Thomas Mun Jean Bodin Jean-Baptiste Colbert Josiah Child William Petty Charles Davenant Ferdinando Galiani James Denham-Steuart Philipp Wilhelm von Hornick

v t e Physiocrats
Anne Robert Jacques Turgot François Quesnay Jacques Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay John Law Nicolas Baudeau Pierre le Pesant Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours Richard Cantillon Victor de Riqueti

Classical economists

Works by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

Marx

Das Kapital

Das Kapital, Volume I (1867)
Das Kapital, Volume II (1885, posthumous)
Das Kapital, Volume III (1894, posthumous)

Other works

Scorpion and Felix (1837)
Oulanem (1839)
The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature (1841)
"The Philosophical Manifesto of the Historical School of Law" (1842)
Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right (1843, published 1927)
"On the Jewish Question" (1843)
"Notes on James Mill" (1844)
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 (1844, published 1932)
"Theses on Feuerbach" (1845, published 1888)
The Poverty of Philosophy (1847)
"Wage Labour and Capital" (1847)
The Class Struggles in France, 1848–1850 (1850)
The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1852)
Grundrisse (1857, published 1939)
A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859)
Theories of Surplus Value (three volumes, 1862)
"Value, Price and Profit" (1865)
"The Belgian Massacres" (1869)
"The Civil War in France" (1871)
Critique of the Gotha Programme (1875)
Mathematical manuscripts of Karl Marx (1968)
Marx's notebooks on the history of technology

Marx and
Engels

The Holy Family (1844)
The German Ideology (1845, published 1932)
The Communist Manifesto (1848)
The Civil War in the United States (1861)

Engels

The Condition of the Working Class in England (1845)
Principles of Communism (1847)
The Peasant War in Germany (1850)
"The Part Played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man" (1876)
Anti-Dühring (1878)
Socialism: Utopian and Scientific (1880)
Dialectics of Nature (1883)
The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State (1884)
Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy (1886)
A Contribution to the History of Primitive Christianity (1894)
Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Germany (1896, posthumous)

Collections

Marx/Engels Collected Works (1975–2004)
Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe (1975–today)
Karl Marx Library (1971–1977)

v t e Marxist phraseology and terminology
Philosophy and politics (Marxist)	Barracks communism Base and superstructure Bourgeoisie Bourgeois democracy Bourgeois nationalism Bourgeois revolution Bourgeois socialism Capitalist mode of production Class struggle Commodification Dialectics Dictatorship of the proletariat Historical materialism Imperialism Liquidationism Lumpenproletariat Means of labor Metabolic rift Petite bourgeoisie Primitive accumulation of capital Proletarian internationalism Proletarian revolution Pure communism Revisionism Revolutionary spontaneity Revolutionary wave Scientific socialism Socialist mode of production Super-imperialism Theoretician Two-stage theory Wage slavery Workers of the world, unite! Workers' council Workers' control World communism World revolution
Sociology and economics (Marxian)	Critique of political economy Accumulation of capital Capital Capitalist mode of production Crisis of capitalism Commanding heights of the economy Commodity Commodity production Dominant ideology Exchange value Free association Law of value Materialism Means of production Mode of production Productive forces Production for use Relations of production Ruling class Simple commodity production Socialist mode of production Socially necessary labour time Socialization Social murder Subject of labor Surplus value Use value Value Worker cooperative
Marxist–Leninist	Anti-revisionism Cadre Central Committee Democratic centralism Dual power Enemy of the people Foco General line of the party National liberation New class People's democracy Politburo Political rehabilitation Popular front Real socialism Revisionism Revolutionary terror Secretariat Self-criticism Socialist accumulation Socialism in one country Social fascism Social imperialism Soviet democracy Democracy in Marxism United front Vanguardism
Trotskyist	Deformed workers' state Degenerated workers' state French Turn Permanent revolution Social revolution Transitional demand Uneven and combined development United front World revolution
Maoist	Antagonistic contradiction Anti-revisionism Capitalist roader Continuous revolution theory The East wind prevails over the West wind Four Olds Marxism–Leninism–Maoism Mass line New Democracy Whole-process people's democracy One Divides Into Two People's war Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun Revisionism Revolutionary base area Revolution is not a dinner party Social imperialism Struggle session
Other	People's Multiparty Democracy

Common variants

Structural
Autonomist Marxism–Leninism Guevarism Maoism Titoism Trotskyism Neo-Gramscianism Regulation school Third-worldist
Hegelian
Budapest School Frankfurt School Humanist Neue Marx-Lektüre Open Political Praxis School
Both
Black Classical Communization Feminist Leninism Neo Post Western

v t e Neoclassical economists
William Stanley Jevons Léon Walras Francis Ysidro Edgeworth Alfred Marshall John Bates Clark Irving Fisher
Walrasian economics	Maurice Allais Gérard Debreu Edmond Malinvaud Jacques Drèze Jean-Michel Grandmont Guy Laroque [fr] Jean-Pascal Bénassy Yves Younes
New classical macroeconomics	Robert Barro Axel Leijonhufvud Robert Lucas Jr. Bennett McCallum Patrick Minford Thomas J. Sargent Neil Wallace
Real business cycle school	Robert King Finn E. Kydland John Long Charles Plosser Edward C. Prescott Sérgio Rebelo Alan Stockman

Historical school of economics

Economists

Contributions

v t e Institutional economics
Institutional economists	Werner Abelshauser Clarence Edwin Ayres Joe S. Bain Shimshon Bichler Robert A. Brady Daniel Bromley Ha-Joon Chang John Maurice Clark John R. Commons Richard T. Ely Robert H. Frank John Kenneth Galbraith Walton Hale Hamilton Orris C. Herfindahl Albert O. Hirschman Geoffrey Hodgson János Kornai Simon Kuznets Hunter Lewis Jesse W. Markham Wesley Clair Mitchell Gunnar Myrdal Jonathan Nitzan Warren Samuels François Simiand Herbert A. Simon Frank Stilwell George W. Stocking Sr. Lars Pålsson Syll Thorstein Veblen Edward Lawrence Wheelwright Erich Zimmermann
New institutional economists	Daron Acemoglu Armen Alchian Masahiko Aoki Steven N. S. Cheung Ronald Coase Harold Demsetz Avner Greif Claude Ménard Douglass North Mancur Olson Elinor Ostrom Oliver E. Williamson
Behavioral economists	George Ainslie Dan Ariely Nava Ashraf Ofer Azar Douglas Bernheim Samuel Bowles Sarah Brosnan Colin Camerer David Cesarini Kay-Yut Chen Rachel Croson Werner De Bondt Paul Dolan Stephen Duneier Catherine C. Eckel Armin Falk Urs Fischbacher Herbert Gintis Uri Gneezy David Halpern Charles A. Holt David Ryan Just Daniel Kahneman Ariel Kalil George Katona Jeffrey R. Kling George Loewenstein Graham Loomes Brigitte C. Madrian Gary McClelland Matteo Motterlini Sendhil Mullainathan Michael Norton Matthew Rabin Howard Rachlin Klaus M. Schmidt Eldar Shafir Hersh Shefrin Robert J. Shiller Uwe Sunde Richard Thaler Amos Tversky Robert W. Vishny Georg Weizsäcker
Economic sociologists	Jens Beckert Fred L. Block James S. Coleman Paul DiMaggio Paula England Mark Granovetter Donald Angus MacKenzie Joel M. Podolny Lynette Spillman Richard Swedberg Laurent Thévenot Carlo Trigilia Harrison White Viviana Zelizer
Key concepts and ideas	Accelerator effect Administered prices Barriers to entry Bounded rationality Conspicuous consumption Conspicuous leisure Conventional wisdom Countervailing power Effective competition Herfindahl index Hiding hand principle Hirschman cycle Instrumentalism Kuznets cycles Market concentration Market power Market structure Penalty of taking the lead Satisficing Shortage economy Structure–conduct–performance paradigm Technostructure Theory of two-level planning Veblen goods Veblenian dichotomy
Related fields	Cultural economics Development economics English historical school of economics Evolutionary economics Evolutionary psychology French historical school Historical school of economics Legal realism Microeconomics Post-Keynesian economics

v t e Keynesians
Founder	John Maynard Keynes
Neo-Keynesians	Gardner Ackley William Baumol James Duesenberry Robert Eisner Trygve Haavelmo Alvin Hansen Roy Harrod Walter Heller John Hicks Lawrence Klein James Meade Lloyd Metzler Franco Modigliani Robert Mundell Arthur Melvin Okun Don Patinkin Bill Phillips William Poole Paul Samuelson Robert Solow James Tobin
Post-Keynesians	Victoria Chick Paul Davidson Evsey Domar James K. Galbraith John Kenneth Galbraith Wynne Godley Myron J. Gordon Geoff Harcourt Michael Hudson Richard Kahn Nicholas Kaldor Michał Kalecki Steve Keen Jan Kregel Marc Lavoie Abba P. Lerner Hyman Minsky Bill Mitchell Basil Moore Steven Pressman Joan Robinson G. L. S. Shackle Pavlina R. Tcherneva Anthony Thirlwall William Vickrey Sidney Weintraub L. Randall Wray
New Keynesians	George Akerlof Ben Bernanke Olivier Blanchard Alan Blinder Guillermo Calvo Richard Clarida Brad DeLong Huw Dixon Stanley Fischer Jordi Galí Mark Gertler Robert J. Gordon Stephany Griffith-Jones Nobuhiro Kiyotaki Paul Krugman Greg Mankiw Marc Melitz Maurice Obstfeld Edmund Phelps Ricardo Reis Kenneth Rogoff David Romer Julio Rotemberg Robert Shiller Andrei Shleifer Joseph Stiglitz Lawrence Summers John B. Taylor Michael Woodford Janet Yellen
Related	Keynesian economics

v t e Austrian school economics
Influences	Classical economics French liberal school Frédéric Bastiat Jean-Baptiste Say Gustave de Molinari School of Salamanca
Founders	Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk Friedrich Hayek Carl Menger Ludwig von Mises Friedrich von Wieser
Other contributors	Bruce L. Benson Walter Block Peter Boettke Thomas DiLorenzo Frank Fetter Roger Garrison Gottfried Haberler Henry Hazlitt Robert Higgs Hans-Hermann Hoppe Steven Horwitz Jesús Huerta de Soto Israel Kirzner Ludwig Lachmann Peter Leeson Fritz Machlup Robert Murphy William H. Peterson David Prychitko Larry Reed George Reisman Richard Ritter von Strigl Murray Rothbard Joseph Salerno Mark Skousen Gerhard Tintner
See also	List of Austrian-school economists The Use of Knowledge in Society

v t e Chicago school of economics
Founders	Frank Knight Henry Calvert Simons Jacob Viner Theodore Schultz George Stigler
Monetarism	Milton Friedman Anna Schwartz Karl Brunner Phillip D. Cagan Harry G. Johnson Allan H. Meltzer David Laidler Scott Sumner
New economic history	Douglass North Robert Fogel Robert M. Townsend
New social economics	Jacob Mincer Gary Becker James Heckman Thomas Sowell Sherwin Rosen Kevin M. Murphy John A. List Sudhir Venkatesh Steven Levitt Roland Fryer
Public choice school	James M. Buchanan Gordon Tullock Randall Holcombe Anthony Downs William A. Niskanen Bryan Caplan
Law and economics	Ronald Coase Aaron Director William Landes Richard Posner Richard Epstein Robert Bork Frank H. Easterbrook
Business and finance	Harry Markowitz Myron Scholes Merton Miller Julian Lincoln Simon Eugene Fama Kenneth French Campbell Harvey Lars Peter Hansen

v t e Laureates of the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences
1969–1975	1969: Ragnar Frisch / Jan Tinbergen 1970: Paul A. Samuelson 1971: Simon Kuznets 1972: John R. Hicks / Kenneth J. Arrow 1973: Wassily Leontief 1974: Gunnar Myrdal / Friedrich August von Hayek 1975: Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich / Tjalling C. Koopmans
1976–2000	1976: Milton Friedman 1977: Bertil Ohlin / James E. Meade 1978: Herbert A. Simon 1979: Theodore W. Schultz / Sir Arthur Lewis 1980: Lawrence R. Klein 1981: James Tobin 1982: George J. Stigler 1983: Gérard Debreu 1984: Richard Stone 1985: Franco Modigliani 1986: James M. Buchanan Jr. 1987: Robert M. Solow 1988: Maurice Allais 1989: Trygve Haavelmo 1990: Harry M. Markowitz / Merton H. Miller / William F. Sharpe 1991: Ronald H. Coase 1992: Gary S. Becker 1993: Robert W. Fogel / Douglass C. North 1994: John C. Harsanyi / John F. Nash Jr. / Reinhard Selten 1995: Robert E. Lucas Jr. 1996: James A. Mirrlees / William Vickrey 1997: Robert C. Merton / Myron S. Scholes 1998: Amartya Sen 1999: Robert A. Mundell 2000: James J. Heckman / Daniel L. McFadden
2001–present	2001: George A. Akerlof / A. Michael Spence / Joseph E. Stiglitz 2002: Daniel Kahneman / Vernon L. Smith 2003: Robert F. Engle III / Clive W.J. Granger 2004: Finn E. Kydland / Edward C. Prescott 2005: Robert J. Aumann / Thomas C. Schelling 2006: Edmund S. Phelps 2007: Leonid Hurwicz / Eric S. Maskin / Roger B. Myerson 2008: Paul Krugman 2009: Elinor Ostrom / Oliver E. Williamson 2010: Peter A. Diamond / Dale T. Mortensen / Christopher A. Pissarides 2011: Thomas J. Sargent / Christopher A. Sims 2012: Alvin E. Roth / Lloyd S. Shapley 2013: Eugene F. Fama / Lars Peter Hansen / Robert J. Shiller 2014: Jean Tirole 2015: Angus Deaton 2016: Oliver Hart / Bengt Holmström 2017: Richard H. Thaler 2018: William Nordhaus / Paul Romer 2019: Abhijit Banerjee / Esther Duflo / Michael Kremer 2020: Paul Milgrom / Robert B. Wilson 2021: David Card / Joshua Angrist / Guido Imbens 2022: Ben Bernanke / Douglas Diamond / Philip H. Dybvig 2023: Claudia Goldin 2024: Daron Acemoglu / Simon Johnson / James A. Robinson

v t e Presidents of the American Economic Association
1886–1900	Francis A. Walker (1886) Charles F. Dunbar (1893) John B. Clark (1894) Henry C. Adams (1896) Arthur T. Hadley (1898) Richard T. Ely (1900)
1901–1925	Edwin R. A. Seligman (1902) F. W. Taussig (1904) Jeremiah W. Jenks (1906) Simon N. Patten (1908) Davis R. Dewey (1909) Edmund J. James (1910) Henry W. Farnam (1911) Frank A. Fetter (1912) David Kinley (1913) John H. Gray (1914) Walter F. Willcox (1915) Thomas N. Carver (1916) John R. Commons (1917) Irving Fisher (1918) Henry B. Gardner (1919) Herbert J. Davenport (1920) Jacob H. Hollander (1921) Henry R. Seager (1922) Carl C. Plehn (1923) Wesley C. Mitchell (1924) Allyn A. Young (1925)
1926–1950	Edwin W. Kemmerer (1926) Thomas S. Adams (1927) Fred M. Taylor (1928) Edwin F. Gay (1929) Matthew B. Hammond (1930) Ernest L. Bogart (1931) George E. Barnett (1932) William Z. Ripley (1933) Harry A. Millis (1934) John M. Clark (1935) Alvin S. Johnson (1936) Oliver M. W. Sprague (1937) Alvin Hansen (1938) Jacob Viner (1939) Frederick C. Mills (1940) Sumner Slichter (1941) Edwin G. Nourse (1942) Albert B. Wolfe (1943) Joseph S. Davis (1944) I. Leo Sharfman (1945) Emanuel A. Goldenweiser (1946) Paul Douglas (1947) Joseph Schumpeter (1948) Howard S. Ellis (1949) Frank Knight (1950)
1951–1975	John H. Williams (1951) Harold A. Innis (1952) Calvin B. Hoover (1953) Simon Kuznets (1954) John D. Black (1955) Edwin E. Witte (1956) Morris A. Copeland (1957) George W. Stocking (1958) Arthur F. Burns (1959) Theodore W. Schultz (1960) Paul A. Samuelson (1961) Edward S. Mason (1962) Gottfried Haberler (1963) George J. Stigler (1964) Joseph J. Spengler (1965) Fritz Machlup (1966) Milton Friedman (1967) Kenneth E. Boulding (1968) William J. Fellner (1969) Wassily Leontief (1970) James Tobin (1971) John Kenneth Galbraith (1972) Kenneth J. Arrow (1973) Walter W. Heller (1974) R. Aaron Gordon (1975)
1976–2000	Franco Modigliani (1976) Lawrence R. Klein (1977) Jacob Marschak (1978) Tjalling C. Koopmans (1978) Robert M. Solow (1979) Moses Abramovitz (1980) William J. Baumol (1981) Gardner Ackley (1982) W. Arthur Lewis (1983) Charles L. Schultze (1984) Charles P. Kindleberger (1985) Alice M. Rivlin (1986) Gary S. Becker (1987) Robert Eisner (1988) Joseph A. Pechman (1989) Gérard Debreu (1990) Thomas C. Schelling (1991) William Vickrey (1992) Zvi Griliches (1993) Amartya Sen (1994) Victor R. Fuchs (1995) Anne O. Krueger (1996) Arnold C. Harberger (1997) Robert W. Fogel (1998) D. Gale Johnson (1999) Dale W. Jorgenson (2000)
2001–present	Sherwin Rosen (2001) Robert Lucas Jr. (2002) Peter Diamond (2003) Martin Feldstein (2004) Daniel McFadden (2005) George Akerlof (2006) Thomas J. Sargent (2007) Avinash Dixit (2008) Angus Deaton (2009) Robert Hall (2010) Orley Ashenfelter (2011) Christopher A. Sims (2012) Claudia Goldin (2013) William Nordhaus (2014) Richard Thaler (2015) Robert J. Shiller (2016) Alvin E. Roth (2017) Olivier Blanchard (2018) Ben Bernanke (2019) Janet Yellen (2020) David Card (2021) Christina Romer (2022) Susan Athey (2023) Janet Currie (2024)

International

[edit]

International economics

v t e Fair trade
Core topics	History of fair trade Fairtrade certification Fair trade and politics Fair trade impact studies Fair trade debate Alternative trading organization Trade justice Trade Justice Movement Sweatshops Body shopping Worldshop
Federations	Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International World Fair Trade Organization Network of European Worldshops European Fair Trade Association FINE Fair Trade Federation International Resources for Fairer Trade (IRFT)
Certification	Fair trade certification Fairtrade International FLO-CERT (inspection & certification) International Fairtrade Certification Mark Fair Trade Certified Mark
Labeling initiatives	Asociación del Sello de Productos de Comercio Justo Fair Trade Association of Australia & New Zealand Fairtrade Mark Ireland The Fairtrade Foundation Association Max Havelaar France Stichting Max Havelaar Max Havelaar-Stiftung Switzerland Fairtrade Canada Fair Trade USA (formerly TransFair USA)
Alternative trading organizations	Alter Eco Artisans du Monde Cafédirect Ctm altromercato Divine Chocolate Equal Exchange Equal Exchange Trading Rainforest Alliance Gepa The Fair Trade Company Handcrafting Justice SERRV International Traidcraft Twin Trading Ten Thousand Villages
Campaigns	Fairtrade Town List of Fairtrade settlements Fairtrade fortnight Make Trade Fair No Sweat World Fair Trade Day
Media	Black Gold (2006 film) Brewing Justice (book)
Category:Fair trade

International trade

Terminology

Organizations
and policies

Political economy

Regional organizations

Americas	Andean Community of Nations Caribbean Community Central American Integration System Mercosur
Asia-Pacific	Association of Southeast Asian Nations Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
Europe, Central Asia, and North Asia	Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia Eurasian Economic Union European Union Customs Union
Middle East and North Africa	Arab Customs Union Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
Subsaharan Africa	East African Community Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa Southern African Customs Union West African Economic and Monetary Union

Exports by product

Public economics

[edit]

Public economics

v t e Lists of countries by public policy topics
General	Government transparency World Governance Index Worldwide Governance Indicators
Economic	Central bank interest rates Government budget per capita Public sector size Sovereign wealth funds Tariff rate Tax rates Inheritance tax Tax revenue to GDP ratio
Health	Health expenditure by country by type of financing Universal health care
Social	Guaranteed minimum income Social welfare spending
List of international rankings Lists by country

Taxation by country
Albania Algeria Argentina Armenia Australia Azerbaijan Bangladesh Brazil British Virgin Islands Canada China Colombia Denmark France Germany Greece Hong Kong Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Japan Kazakhstan Lithuania Malta Namibia Netherlands New Zealand Norway Pakistan Palestine Peru Philippines Poland Russia South Africa Sri Lanka Sweden Switzerland Tanzania United Kingdom United States Uruguay European Union
List of countries by tax rates Tax revenue as % of GDP
v t e

Universal basic income topics

Topics

Organizations

Advocates

Historic

Contemporary

Related programs

By region

Works

Agrarian Justice (pamphlet)
Bullshit Jobs (book)
Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work (monograph)
The War on Normal People (book)
Utopia for Realists (book)

Economic systems

[edit]

Economic systems

v t e Capitalism
Aspects and perspectives
General	Anarchy of production Business cycle Centralization Competition Depression Deregulation Economic bubble Economic development Economic liberalism Economic planning Entrepreneurship Ecopreneurship Externality Financial crisis Financial Revolution Globalization History of capitalist theory Industrial Revolution Invention Market economy Market failure Merchantilism Meritocracy Multinational corporation Nationalization Oligopoly Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought Privatization Profit Property rights Recession Regulation Wage labour Wealth
Ideology	Anglo-Saxon Authoritarian Conservative Corporate Democratic Dirigist Free-market Humanistic Laissez-faire Liberal Libertarian Market Mercantilist Mixed Monopoly National Neo Neoliberal Nordic Private Raw Regulated market Regulatory Rhine Social State State-sponsored Welfare
Cultural aspects	Advertising American Dream Consumerism Decentralization Economic freedom Economic mobility Individualism Liberalism Liberty Mainstream Philanthropy Private foundation Private property Rule of law Social alienation Spontaneous order
Social aspects	Corporatism Economic inequality Employment Freedom of association Labour market flexibility Labour supply Productivity Prosperity Syndicate Social venture capital Unemployment
Criticism	Anti-capitalism Capitalist propaganda Critique of political economy Critique of work Market fundamentalism Marxism Wage slavery
Antithesis	Anarchism Anarcho-communism Anarcho-primitivism Anarcho-syndicalism Collectivist anarchism Communalism Communism Economic democracy Eco-socialism Free-market socialism Green anarchism Individualist anarchism Libertarian socialism Market anarchism Market socialism Mutualism Post-capitalism Post-scarcity economy Sharing economy Social anarchism Socialism Syndicalism

Socialism

History - Outline

Schools of
thought

Libertarian (from below)	Anarchism Collectivist Communist Free-market Left-wing laissez-faire Left-wing market Green Individualist Insurrectionary Magonism Mutualism Neozapatismo Platformism Communalism Social Syndicalist Left-libertarianism Libertarian Marxism Left communism Council communism Luxemburgism Mao-Spontex Trotskyism Pabloism Posadism Orthodox Third camp
Authoritarian (from above)	Barracks Nechayevism Blanquism Bolshevism Leninism Marxism–Leninism Brezhnevism Castroism Ceaușism Guevarism Ho Chi Minh Thought Hoxhaism Husakism Juche Kadarism Khrushchevism Maoism Dengism Maoism–Third Worldism Marxism–Leninism–Maoism Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path Xi Jinping Thought Stalinism Neo-Stalinism National Tkachevism State Lassallism
Religious	Buddhist Christian anarchism communism Islamic Jewish
Regional variants	African African-Caribbean Arab Bolivarian Chinese Communist Nationalist Chiangist European Eurocommunism Indian Israeli Indonesian Melanesian Mexican Soviet In one country Real Sri Lankan Third World Yugoslav

Key topics
and issues

Concepts

People

16th c.	Tommaso Campanella Thomas More
18th c.	Gracchus Babeuf Victor d'Hupay Gabriel Bonnot de Mably Sylvain Maréchal Étienne-Gabriel Morelly
19th c.	Stephen Pearl Andrews Mikhail Bakunin John Goodwyn Barmby Enrico Barone August Bebel Edward Bellamy Eduard Bernstein Louis Blanc Louis Auguste Blanqui Philippe Buchez Georg Büchner Philippe Buonarroti Francisco Largo Caballero Étienne Cabet Edward Carpenter Nikolay Chernyshevsky James Connolly Victor Prosper Considerant Claire Démar Théodore Dézamy W. E. B. Du Bois Prosper Enfantin Friedrich Engels Charles Fourier Emma Goldman William Batchelder Greene Charles Hall Alexander Herzen Thomas Hodgskin Jean Jaurès Mother Jones Karl Kautsky Peter Kropotkin Paul Lafargue Ferdinand Lassalle Pyotr Lavrov Alexandre Ledru-Rollin Pierre Leroux Helen Macfarlane Errico Malatesta Karl Marx Louise Michel Nikolay Mikhaylovsky William Morris Robert Owen Antonie Pannekoek Giovanni Pascoli Constantin Pecqueur Georgi Plekhanov Pierre-Joseph Proudhon Luis Emilio Recabarren Henri de Saint-Simon Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin George Sand Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz Eugène Sue Lysander Spooner Fred M. Taylor William Thompson Pyotr Tkachev Benjamin Tucker Suzanne Voilquin Alfred Russel Wallace Josiah Warren Wilhelm Weitling Oscar Wilde
20th c.	Tariq Ali Salvador Allende Inejirō Asanuma Hafez al-Assad Clement Attlee Aung San Deng Xiaoping Jiang Zemin Henri Barbusse Jyoti Basu Simone de Beauvoir Walter Benjamin Tony Benn Léon Blum Grace Lee Boggs Murray Bookchin Bertolt Brecht Aristide Briand Nikolai Bukharin Cornelius Castoriadis Noam Chomsky M. N. Roy G. D. H. Cole Jeremy Corbyn Marcel Déat Guy Debord Eugene V. Debs John Dewey Alexander Dubček Albert Einstein Faiz Ahmad Faiz Muammar Gaddafi Einar Gerhardsen Mikhail Gorbachev Maxim Gorky Antonio Gramsci Safdar Hashmi Eric Hobsbawm Saddam Hussein Dolores Ibárruri Pablo Iglesias Posse Jayaprakash Narayan Russell Jacoby Kim Jong-il Kim Il Sung Martin Luther King Jr. Alexandra Kollontai James Larkin E. M. S. Namboodiripad Jack Layton Henri Lefebvre Claude Lefort Vladimir Lenin György Lukács Rosa Luxemburg Lu Xun Alasdair MacIntyre Nestor Makhno Nelson Mandela José Carlos Mariátegui Adrien Marquet Mao Dun Salama Moussa François Mitterrand Imre Nagy Gamal Abdel Nasser Jawaharlal Nehru Ernst Niekisch Ne Win George Orwell Sylvia Pankhurst Fred Paterson Karl Polanyi Pierre Renaudel B. T. Ranadive Bertrand Russell Gaetano Salvemini Bernie Sanders Jean-Paul Sartre Arthur Scargill Léopold Sédar Senghor George Bernard Shaw Sukarno Sun Yat-sen R. H. Tawney E. P. Thompson Ernst Toller Leon Trotsky Ram Manohar Lohia H. G. Wells Cornel West Clara Zetkin Howard Zinn J. Posadas
21st c.	Pedro Castillo Hugo Chávez Bob Crow Hu Jintao Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu Kim Jong Un Lula da Silva Evo Morales Yanis Varoufakis Xi Jinping

Organizations

v t e Investment management
Investment fund structures	Common contractual fund (CCF) Exchange-traded fund (ETF) Fonds commun de placement (FCP) Fund of funds Index fund Investment trust Hedge fund Labour-sponsored venture capital corporation Listed investment company Mutual fund Offshore fund Open-ended fund company Open-ended investment company Pension fund Private-equity fund Qualifying investor alternative investment fund (QIAIF) Real estate investment trust (REIT) Royalty trust Short-term investment fund SICAV Split capital investment trust Tax transparent fund Umbrella fund Unit investment trust Unit trust Unitised insurance fund
Investment styles	Active / passive management Hedge Funds Impact investing Manager of managers Social finance Socially responsible investing Social trading Thematic investing Value / growth investing
Terminology	Closed-end fund Fund governance Institutional investor Net asset value Open-end fund Performance fee
Theory	Arbitrage pricing theory Efficient-market hypothesis Fixed income (Duration, Convexity) Martingale pricing Modern portfolio theory Noisy market hypothesis Yield curve
Related topics	Alternative investment Commodity pool operator Robo-advisor Returns-based style analysis Traditional investments UCITS
Category List

v t e Financial markets
Types of markets	Primary market Secondary market Third market Fourth market
Types of stocks	Common stock Golden share Preferred stock Restricted stock Tracking stock
Share capital	Authorised capital Issued shares Shares outstanding Treasury stock
Participants	Broker Floor broker Inter-dealer broker Broker-dealer Market maker Trader Floor trader Proprietary trader Quantitative analyst Investor Hedger Speculator Arbitrager Scalper Regulator
Trading venues	Exchange List of stock exchanges Trading hours Over-the-counter (off-exchange) Alternative Trading System (ATS) Multilateral trading facility (MTF) Electronic communication network (ECN) Direct market access (DMA) Straight-through processing (STP) Dark pool (private exchange) Crossing network Liquidity aggregator
Stock valuation	Alpha Arbitrage pricing theory (APT) Beta Buffett indicator (Cap-to-GDP) Book value (BV) Capital asset pricing model (CAPM) Capital market line (CML) Dividend discount model (DDM) Dividend yield Earnings yield EV/EBITDA Fed model Net asset value (NAV) Security characteristic line Security market line (SML) T-model
Trading theories and strategies	Algorithmic trading Buy and hold Contrarian investing Dollar cost averaging Efficient-market hypothesis (EMH) Fundamental analysis Growth stock Market timing Modern portfolio theory (MPT) Momentum investing Mosaic theory Pairs trade Post-modern portfolio theory (PMPT) Random walk hypothesis (RMH) Sector rotation Style investing Swing trading Technical analysis Trend following Value averaging Value investing
Related terms	Bid–ask spread Block trade Cross listing Dividend Dual-listed company DuPont analysis Efficient frontier Financial law Flight-to-quality Government bond Greenspan put Haircut Initial public offering (IPO) Long Mandatory offer Margin Market anomaly Market capitalization Market depth Market manipulation Market trend Mean reversion Momentum Open outcry Order book Position Public float Public offering Rally Returns-based style analysis Reverse stock split Share repurchase Short selling Short squeeze Slippage Speculation Squeeze-out Stock dilution Stock exchange Stock market index Stock split Stock swap Trade Tender offer Uptick rule Volatility Voting interest Yield

v t e Economic expansions and recessions in the United States and Commonwealth of Nations countries
Aggregate demand/Supply Effective demand General glut Model Overproduction Paradox of thrift Price-and-wage stickiness Underconsumption Business cycle Deflation/Inflation Chronic Classical dichotomy Disinflation Money supply/demand Neutrality of money Price level Real and nominal values Velocity of money Economic expansion Recovery Stagnation U.S. expansions Interest rate Nominal interest rate Real interest rate Yield curve/Inverted Recession Balance sheet Depression Global Rolling Shapes Stagflation U.K. recessions U.S. recessions Shock Demand Supply Unemployment Sahm rule
Commercial revolution (1000–1760)	Great Slump (1430–1490) Slump of 1706 Great Frost of 1709
1st Industrial Revolution (1760–1840)	British credit crisis of 1772–1773 1772–1774; England Scotland Thirteen Colonies 1785–1788 Copper Panic of 1789/Panic of 1792 (1789–1793) Panic of 1796–1797 (1796–1799) 1802–1804 1807–1810 1812 Post-Napoleonic Depression (1815–1821) 1822–23 Panic of 1825 (1825–1826) 1828–29 1833–34 Panic of 1837 (1836–1838 and 1839–1843)
Early Victorian Britain/ Civil War-era United States (1840–1870)	1845–46 Panic of 1847 (1847–1848) 1853–54 Panic of 1857 (1857–1858) 1860–61 Panic of 1866 (1865–1867) Black Friday (1869–1870)
Gilded Age/ 2nd Industrial Revolution (1870–1914)	Long Depression/Great Deflation 1873–1879; United Kingdom United States Depression of 1882–1885 1887–88 Baring crisis (1890–1891) Panic of 1893 (1893–1897) 1899–1900 Panic of 1901 (1902–1904) Panic of 1907 (1907–1908) Panic of 1910–1911 (1910–1912) Financial crisis of 1914 (1913–14)
Interwar period (1918–1939)	Post–World War I recession (1918–1919) Depression of 1920–1921 Roaring Twenties 1923–1924 1926–1927 Great Depression 1929–1939; Australia Canada India New Zealand South Africa United Kingdom United States Recession of 1937–1938
Post–WWII expansion (1945–1973)	1945 Recession of 1949 (1948–1949) Recession of 1953 (1953–1954) Recession of 1958 (1957–1958) Recession of 1960–1961 Recession of 1969–1970
Great Inflation (1973–1982)	1973–1975 recession United Kingdom United States Early 1980s recession 1980–1982; Canada United Kingdom United States
Great Moderation/ Great Regression (1982–2007)	1990s United States boom Early 1990s recession 1990–1991; Australia Canada United Kingdom United States 1997 Asian financial crisis Early 2000s recession (2001)
Information Age (2007–present)	Great Recession 2007–2009; Australia Bangladesh Canada India Malaysia New Zealand Pakistan South Africa Sri Lanka United Kingdom United States COVID-19 recession 2020–2022; Australia Bangladesh Belize Botswana Canada India Malaysia Namibia New Zealand Singapore United Kingdom United States Zambia

v t e Financial bubbles
Market trend Credit cycle Irrational exuberance Social contagion Real-estate bubble Stock market bubble
Commercial revolution (1000–1760)	Tulip mania (1634–1637) Mississippi bubble (1684–1720) South Sea bubble (1711–1720) Bengal Bubble of 1769 (1757–1769)
1st Industrial Revolution (1760–1840)	Canal Mania (c. 1790–c. 1810) Carolina gold rush (1802–1825) 1810s Alabama real estate bubble Georgia Gold Rush (1828–c. 1840) 1830s Chicago real estate bubble Chilean silver rush (1830–1850)
1840–1870	Railway Mania (c. 1840–c. 1850) California gold rush (1848–1855) Queen Charlottes Gold Rush (1851) Victorian gold rush (1851–c. 1870) New South Wales gold rush (1851–1880) Australian gold rushes (1851–1914) Fraser Canyon Gold Rush (1858) Pike's Peak gold rush (1858–1861) Rock Creek Gold Rush (1859) Pennsylvania oil rush (1859–1891) Similkameen Gold Rush (1860) Stikine Gold Rush (1861) Colorado River mining boom (1861–1864) Otago gold rush (1861–1864) Cariboo Gold Rush (1861–1867) First Nova Scotia Gold Rush (1861–1874) West Coast gold rush (1864–1867) Big Bend Gold Rush (c. 1865) Vermilion Lake gold rush (1865–1867) Kildonan Gold Rush (1869) Omineca Gold Rush (1869)
2nd Industrial Revolution (1870–1914)	1870s Lapland gold rush Coromandel Gold Rushes (c. 1870–c. 1890) Cassiar Gold Rush (c. 1870–c. 1890) Black Hills gold rush (1874–1880) Colorado Silver Boom (1879–1893) Western Australian gold rushes (c. 1880–c. 1900) Indiana gas boom (c. 1880–1903) Ohio oil rush (c. 1880–c. 1930) Tierra del Fuego gold rush (1883–1906) Cayoosh Gold Rush (1884) Witwatersrand Gold Rush (1886) Encilhamento (1886–1890) Cripple Creek Gold Rush (c. 1890–c. 1910) Klondike Gold Rush (1896–1899) Second Nova Scotia Gold Rush (1896–1903) Kobuk River Stampede (1897–1899) Mount Baker gold rush (1897–c. 1925) Nome Gold Rush (1899–1909) Fairbanks Gold Rush (c. 1900–1918) Texas oil boom (1901–1918) Cobalt silver rush (1903–1918) Porcupine Gold Rush (1909–1918)
Interwar period (1918–1939)	1920s Florida land boom (c. 1920–1925) Fairbanks Gold Rush (1918–c. 1930) Texas oil boom (1918–1945) Cobalt silver rush (1918–c. 1930) Porcupine Gold Rush (1918–1945) 1930s Kakamega gold rush Third Nova Scotia Gold Rush (1932–1942)
Post–WWII expansion (1945–1973)	Texas oil boom (1945–c. 1950) Porcupine Gold Rush (1945–c. 1960) Poseidon bubble (1969–1970)
The Great Inflation (1973–1982)	1970s commodities boom Mexican oil boom (1977–1981) Silver Thursday (1980) New Zealand property bubble (c. 1980–1982)
Great Moderation/ Great Regression (1982–2007)	1980s oil glut New Zealand property bubble (1982–) Spanish property bubble (1985–2008) Japanese asset price bubble (1986–1990) Dot-com bubble (1995–2000) Baltic states housing bubble (2000–2006) Irish property bubble (c. 2000–2007) 2000s commodities boom (2000–2008) 2000s Danish property bubble (2001–2006) United States housing bubble (2002–2006) Romanian property bubble (2002–2007) Polish property bubble (2002–2008) Canadian property bubble (2002–) Chinese property bubble (2005–2011) Lebanese housing bubble (2005–2008) Chinese stock bubble of 2007 Uranium bubble of 2007
Information Age (2007–present)	2000s commodities boom (2008–2014) Lebanese housing bubble (2008–) Corporate debt bubble (2008–) Australian property bubble (2010–) Cryptocurrency bubble (2011–) Everything bubble (2020–21)
Carbon bubble Green bubble Social media stock bubble Unicorn bubble U.S. higher education bubble

v t e Financial crises
Bank run Commodity price shocks Credit crunch Credit cycle Currency crisis Debt crisis Energy crisis Financial contagion Social contagion Flash crash Hyperinflation Liquidity crisis Accounting Capital Funding Market Minsky moment Social crisis Stock market crash
Pre-1000	Crisis of the Third Century (235–284 CE)
Commercial revolution (1000–1760)	Great Bullion Famine (c. 1400–c. 1500) The Great Debasement (1544–1551) Dutch Republic stock market crashes (c. 1600–1760) Kipper und Wipper (1621–1623) Tulip mania crash (1637) South Sea bubble crash (1720) Mississippi bubble crash (1720)
1st Industrial Revolution (1760–1840)	Amsterdam banking crisis of 1763 Bengal bubble crash (1769–1784) British credit crisis of 1772–1773 Dutch Republic financial collapse (c. 1780–1795) Copper Panic of 1789 Panic of 1792 Panic of 1796–1797 Danish state bankruptcy of 1813 Post-Napoleonic Irish grain price and land use shocks (1815–1816) Panic of 1819 Panic of 1825 Panic of 1837
1840–1870	European potato failure (1845–1856) Great Irish Famine Highland Potato Famine Panic of 1847 Panic of 1857 Panic of 1866 Black Friday (1869)
2nd Industrial Revolution (1870–1914)	Panic of 1873 Paris Bourse crash of 1882 Panic of 1884 Arendal crash (1886) Baring crisis (1890) Encilhamento (1890–1893) Panic of 1893 Australian banking crisis of 1893 Black Monday (1894) Panic of 1896 Panic of 1901 Panic of 1907 Shanghai rubber stock market crisis (1910) Panic of 1910–1911 Financial crisis of 1914
Interwar period (1918–1939)	Early Soviet hyperinflation (1917–1924) Weimar Republic hyperinflation (1921–1923) Shōwa financial crisis (1927) Wall Street Crash of 1929 Panic of 1930
Post–WWII expansion (1945–1973)	Kennedy Slide of 1962 1963–1965 Indonesian hyperinflation
Great Inflation (1973–1982)	1970s energy crisis (1973–1980) 1973 oil crisis 1973–1974 stock market crash Secondary banking crisis of 1973–1975 Steel crisis (1973–1982) Latin American debt crisis (1975–1982) 1976 British currency crisis 1979 oil crisis Brazilian hyperinflation (1980–1982)
Great Moderation/ Great Regression (1982–2007)	Brazilian hyperinflation (1982–1994) Souk Al-Manakh stock market crash (1982) Chilean crisis of 1982 1983 Israel bank stock crisis Black Saturday (1983) Savings and loan crisis (1986–1995) Cameroonian economic crisis (1987–2000s) Black Monday (1987) 1988–1992 Norwegian banking crisis Japanese asset price bubble crash (1990–1992) Rhode Island banking crisis (1990–1992) 1991 Indian economic crisis 1990s Swedish financial crisis 1990s Finnish banking crisis 1990s Armenian energy crisis Cuban Special Period (1991–2000) Black Wednesday (1992 Sterling crisis) Yugoslav hyperinflation (1992–1994) 1994 bond market crisis Venezuelan banking crisis of 1994 Mexican peso crisis (1994–1996) 1997 Asian financial crisis October 1997 mini-crash 1998 Russian financial crisis 1998–1999 Ecuador economic crisis 1998–2002 Argentine great depression Samba effect (1999) Dot-com bubble crash (2000–2004) 9/11 stock market crash (2001) 2001 Turkish economic crisis South American economic crisis of 2002 Stock market downturn of 2002 2002 Uruguay banking crisis 2003 Myanmar banking crisis 2000s energy crisis (2003–2008) 2004 Argentine energy crisis 2007 Chinese stock bubble crash Zimbabwean hyperinflation (2007–present)
Great Recession (2007–2009)	2007–2008 financial crisis September 2008 October 2008 November 2008 December 2008 2009 Subprime mortgage crisis 2000s U.S. housing market correction U.S. bear market of 2007–2009 2008 Latvian financial crisis 2008–2009 Belgian financial crisis 2008–2009 Russian financial crisis 2008–2009 Ukrainian financial crisis 2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis 2008–2011 Irish banking crisis 2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis Blue Monday Crash 2009 European debt crisis Greek government-debt crisis
Information Age (2009–present)	2009 Dubai debt standstill Venezuelan banking crisis of 2009–2010 2010–2014 Portuguese financial crisis Energy crisis in Venezuela (2010–present) Syrian economic crisis (2011–present) August 2011 stock markets fall 2011 Bangladesh share market scam 2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis 2013 Chinese banking liquidity crisis Venezuela economic crisis (2013–present) 2014–2016 Brazilian economic crisis Puerto Rican government-debt crisis (2014–2022) Russian financial crisis (2014–2016) 2015 Nepal blockade 2015–2016 Chinese stock market turbulence 2015–2016 stock market selloff Brexit stock market crash (2016) Venezuelan hyperinflation (2016–2022) 2017 Sri Lankan fuel crisis Ghana banking crisis (2017–2018) Turkish economic crisis (2018–present) Lebanese liquidity crisis (2019–present) Sri Lankan economic crisis (2019–present) COVID-19 pandemic Financial market impact 2020 stock market crash Recession Chinese property sector crisis (2020–present) 2021–2023 inflation surge 2022 Russian financial crisis Pakistani economic crisis (2022–present) 2022 stock market decline 2022–2024 German economic crisis 2023 United States banking crisis 2023–2024 Egyptian financial crisis
List of banking crises List of economic crises List of sovereign debt crises List of stock market crashes and bear markets

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See also