Talk:Muhammadu Buhari

Biography assessment rating comment

The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- Wikipeep 494 05:59, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

One then wonders how Muslims can possibly be 60% of the population, as some allege..

"Then". I am not sure I understand the question. Are you saying this figure is too low or too high? There is a rather large number of Muslims in Yorubaland, too...—iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 21:01, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)

This page is incredibly biased, perhaps edited by Buhari himself? 134.173.90.120 09:29, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

Cleanup of syntax, references, and inclusion of cross-references

I have tried to clean up some syntax, have added several Wikipedia cross-references, and have revised the references in this article. The following two references were included in the original reference section, but were not used in the article. Therefore, I have deleted these and placed them here for future reference, if needed.

• CLYDE H. FARNSWORTH, "MAN IN THE NEWS; A NATIONALIST FOR NIGERIANS", The New York Times, January 2, 1984
• We have no time to waste', Financial Times (London,England), February 25, 1985

In addition, I have added several "citation(s) needed" tags for a few statements in the "Later Years" section. These statements are biographical and need verification. Idunno271828 (talk) 06:10, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

Fixing NPOV

I've put some effort into cleaning up the bias noted by another commenter here. This article was very heavy on unsourced praise and speculation and contained little reference to the wide criticism of Buhari's human rights record and economic policy. So I've removed the unsourced praise and added in details that seem to be more in keeping with the history texts and reportage on his regime. This one could use another look from an editor more knowledgeable about Nigerian history than I, however. And it could also just use a few watchers as this election gets closer--it's pretty clear Buhari's partisans have had free run of it until now. Khazar (talk) 17:58, 13 April 2011 (UTC)

Good work! Thanks! Ankimai (talk) 08:26, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

File:Buhari with Bakare and el-Rufai.jpg Nominated for speedy Deletion

An image used in this article, File:Buhari with Bakare and el-Rufai.jpg, has been nominated for speedy deletion at Wikimedia Commons for the following reason: Copyright violations What should I do? Don't panic; deletions can take a little longer at Commons than they do on Wikipedia. This gives you an opportunity to contest the deletion (although please review Commons guidelines before doing so). The best way to contest this form of deletion is by posting on the image talk page. If the image is non-free then you may need to upload it to Wikipedia (Commons does not allow fair use) If the image isn't freely licensed and there is no fair use rationale then it cannot be uploaded or used. If the image has already been deleted you may want to try Commons Undeletion Request To take part in any discussion, or to review a more detailed deletion rationale please visit the relevant image page (File:Buhari with Bakare and el-Rufai.jpg) This is Bot placed notification, another user has nominated/tagged the image --CommonsNotificationBot (talk) 15:18, 11 February 2012 (UTC)

suppression of well sourced informations

Hello,

Apparently there are some problems of understanding. I do not understand why some users have been suppressing information, which is true and well sourced. Just because it makes the article seem too negative? Didn't Mr. Buhari rose to power via a coup d'etat? The decrees he gave and the negative reaction of Amnesty International never happened? The purpose of Wikipedia is not to offer praise. If you have more positive informations to add to the article, go ahead. But do not delete true information on the basis that you don't like it . You can modify if you think it is too negative, but don't just suppress well sourced information. Thank you. Coccico2345 (talk) 18:37, 14 January 2015 (UTC)

No, because the content is not relevant and seems biased. Weegeerunner (talk) 18:39, 14 January 2015 (UTC)

What "relevant" means ? The content is true and sourced, that's all ! Coccico2345 (talk) 18:42, 14 January 2015 (UTC)

WP:Relevance Weegeerunner (talk) 18:45, 14 January 2015 (UTC)

NOT WELL SOURCED. Please NOTE that the disputed edits CONSTITUTES DEFAMATION, LIBELOUS CONTENT on wikipedia — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.29.122.56 (talk) 20:13, 14 January 2015 (UTC)

Hello,

Forgive me for not having come here to explain my edits from the beginning, but I did not know the talk page existed.

I came across this article on Muhammadu Buhari as I'm currently writing my thesis on democracy in West Africa. So I found the page seriously lacked reliable and neutral information about Nigeria's democratic history.

Indeed, it's a well-known historical fact that Buhari participated in several coups. It's what put his name on the map in the first place. And the fact that this is not even mentioned in the introduction seems absurd and it goes against the principles Wikipedia stands for.

I saw that one could ask for a third opinion and that is what I intend to do because all my edits were done in good faith and in accordance with well-documented historical events. At the same time, I doubt your definition of defamation and libel. Not to mention that using aggressive capital letters will not help your credibility.

How could you argue that citing the New York Times from the 1980s, the BBC, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, the official text of the decrees passed by Buhari, academic papers or major Nigerian newspapers constitute "opposition research"?

In the meantime, I think I read somewhere that it's forbidden to undo revisions more than three times.

Passenger68 (talk) 13:06, 15 January 2015 (UTC)

There are ongoing legal proceedings regarding the libellous content in the disputed edits by Buhari's lawyers — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.1.182.154 (talk) 14:21, 15 January 2015 (UTC)

I've finally understood your aggressive tone and lack of objectivity as you just confessed of being an associate of Buhari. I'll try to find other wikipedia users to help settle this conflict. At the same time, I'd just like to remind you that you are breaking Wikipedia's 3-revert rule, but I think that respecting the rules of this community is the last thing on your mind now.

Anyway, let's let the community judge themselves. Hoping they're coming. Passenger68 (talk) 15:37, 15 January 2015 (UTC)

@92.1.182.154: You haven't provided sufficient justification for reverting the edits made by Passenger68. Just saying "not well sourced" and "libelous" is not a valid argument. You need to give specifics on the refs that you think are invalid and why you think they don't qualify as good wikipedia references. If you can't do that and if the refs back up the changes made by Passenger68 (which from what I have seen they do) then there is no justification for reverting the edits. It is a core Wikipedia principle that articles should include all information both good and bad about a topic if that information is properly sourced. Also, while I'm not familiar with the sources that Passenger68 used I have Googled the topic and found that there are many references in sources that I routinely see used as references on Wikipedia such as Yahoo News, the BBC, and the Huffington Post for facts that were in the revised version such as that he came to power in a coup and has been suspected of corruption. Do you have any additional arguments to support reverting these changes? If not I think the version by Passenger68 should be restored and future improvements should start from that version. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 17:23, 15 January 2015 (UTC)

@92.1.182.154: and @Weegeerunner: I'm trying to understand your objections to the edit. It seems one of the first additional facts in the changes made by @Passenger68: that keep getting reverted is the claim that Buhari came to power in a coup. The criticism I see stated above is that the source for that claim is not wp:reliable However, it seems to me that both versions still use the same source, namesly the URL: http://www.dawodu.com/buhari.htm If you are claiming that this site is not a reliable source why have you left the existing information and why have you left this source in the version that you have reverted to? And if we are all in agreement that the dawodu site is a good reference then it says:

The abysmal downward plunge of the already battered economy, the unmitigated corruption, greed, avarice, lack of public probity and accountability, hunger and abject poverty, and the aimless drifting of the ship of state which characterised the last days of the Second Republic prompted the Armed Forces to strike in the midnight of December 31, 1983 and installed Major General Muhammadu Buhari (then GOC 3rd Division, Jos) as the new Head of State.

to me that clearly supports Passenger68's claim that Buhari "ruled Nigeria from 31 December 1983 to 27 August 1985, after taking power in a military coup d'etat." 92.1.182.154, I'm especially surprised that you would leave that site as a source since if I'm understanding you correctly you claim it is libelous. But it is quite possible I'm misunderstanding something and if so I apologize in advance. Interested in your response. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 23:03, 15 January 2015 (UTC)

Compelling point. Alright, I agree. With that logic, I see no reason to remove the content. Weegeerunner (talk) 23:23, 15 January 2015 (UTC)

Thanks for being so reasonable. I think we are getting close to a consensus. BTW, I think there were still issues with some of the changes in the version that Passenger68 did as well. I'm looking over his changes a bit more closely and think at least some of them need to be revised a bit or perhaps the earlier version was better. He is a new editor and I advised him in the future it is usually better when possible to make more numerous small changes rather than one huge change. Just want to be clear I don't see this as picking one version over the other and then casting that version in stone. But based on what you said and where most of the other editors seem to be my recommendation would be once the lock is taken off by the admins we revert back to Passenger68's version and then work forward by further evolving (or perhaps in some cases retracting) individual parts of his large number of edits that were all part of that revision. Does anyone disagree with that approach? --MadScientistX11 (talk) 00:40, 16 January 2015 (UTC)

Hey! Thank you for your swift replies. I agree with that approach, since I'm new around here, let's touch base after the lock is lifted and work from there onwards.

Concerning the coup, I've found two more reliable sources to back up the claim that Buhari came to power in a coup:

NYTimes from January 1984

Buhari came to power after the overthrow of the civilian Government of President Shehu Shagari on Dec. 31

NYTimes from December 2014

Buhari, a Muslim northerner who overthrew a democratically elected president in 1983 and then himself was deposed in a coup in 1985, handily won primaries of a four-party opposition coalition, according to results Thursday.

Thanks for your support!

Passenger68 (talk) 10:09, 16 January 2015 (UTC)

To Passenger68, my tone is not aggressive, but LEGAL, VERY LEGAL. As I stated above that there are ongoing legal proceedings regarding the libellous content in the disputed edits by Buhari's lawyers. I am glad you quoted the NY times, you are trying to be very CLEVER. The libellous content is not about Buhari coming to power after the overthrow of the civilian Government of President Shehu Shagari on Dec. 31. You seem over interested in Buhari. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.189.17.218 (talk) 16:25, 16 January 2015 (UTC)

80.189.17.218 I suggest you take a look at these articles: Wikipedia:Libel and Wikipedia:No legal threats Wikipedia takes things like copyright and libel seriously. If you actually think that some content is libelous or is subject to a lawsuit currently in process you can go to that first article I linked to and there is a process to notify administrators who will take appropriate action. But other than that it is not appropriate to make general comments about libel and expect them to sway discussion on a talk page. People publish negative things about politicians and other famous people all the time. The goal of Wikipedia is to always have balanced and complete coverage on any topic and that includes negative things if they are properly sourced. If you have some relevant objection to a source or an objection that a particular fact is not actually supported by a source please describe them but if not then I think there is a consensus to restore Passenger68's changes which is what I plan to do when the edit block is lifted. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 16:39, 16 January 2015 (UTC)

Some problems with passenger68 editing of Buhari pofile 15 January 2015

I am a political analyst. I am touch typing. My team and I have checked every world and references in the disputed edits. What we found includes statements falsely or unknowingly referenced to the BBC News profile of Buhari and other sites. Wrong sources to quote or references. Biased in some places. Alsominor typos. Clearly, in our opinion the disputed edit of passenger68 is not from his or her thesis. Please see below.

Federal Commissioner for Petroleum and Natural Resources section

Passenger68 stated that during his tenure as Minister, $2,8 billion went missing from the accounts of the NNPC in Midlands Bank in the United Kingdom. Former President Ibrahim Babangida accused Buhari of being responsible for his fraud[14].. Wrong source to quote. Babangida never accused buhari. You can verify this with General Babaginda at his villa in Mina Niger state Nigeria. This is anti- Buhari propaganda

I will indent and italicize and sign all my replies. None of that is relevant to a Wikipedia article. Just saying some statement is " anti- Buhari propaganda" is not a rational argument. Asking people to check with some general in Nigeria... was that even serious? is clearly absurd. But even if it was a more reasonable request to talk to someone we had a rational chance to contact it is irrelevant and it demonstrates a basic lack of understanding of how Wikipedia works. Wikipedia is based on what is documented in reliable sources not on what one, a thousand or a million people happen to say in person or via some other communication. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 16:03, 17 January 2015 (UTC)

Actually, in 1983, Shagari administration inaugurated the Crude Oil Sales Tribunal of Inquiry, headed by Justice Ayo Irikefe, to investigate allegations of N2.8 billion misappropriation from the NNPC account. The tribunal however found no truth in the allegations even though it noticed some lapses in the NNPC accounts. Our reference is Modalities for Coordinating Nigeria's Anti-Corruption Strategies, Constructive Engagement Vol.1 No.1, (2009)

I have downloaded that paper and have it up on my computer now. (If others are interested you can get it via a site called academia.edu or if you don't want to join that site contact me and I can email you a copy) Where specifically does it state in that report that there is no truth to the corruption allegations? So far I've just started looking at the report but it seems like just a general discussion about corruption but it is quite possible I just haven't seen the parts you are referring to yet. However, even if this report does confirm what you claim one counter reference does not invalidate the several others that currently exist. BTW, I've been looking at the existing references and plan to work with Passenger68 to make them stronger. But one ref does not invalidate all others. Also, we need to understand was this report commissioned by Buhari or one of his supporters? But even if this is a valid reference that supports what you say that is justification for having a new section or additional info that makes it clear there are other points of view here not for removing contradictory statements that are well supported by other references. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 16:21, 17 January 2015 (UTC)

I looked through that paper in more detail. It seems to me to be a general discussion of issues causing corruption in Nigeria and an evaluation of various proposals for reform. I searched for the string "NNPC" (looking for confirmation of your claim that this report exonerates Mubaru from the charges related to that account) but that string doesn't occur once in the document. Can you provide a specific quote that supports your claim that the report " found no truth in the allegations "? --MadScientistX11 (talk) 22:06, 17 January 2015 (UTC)

Head of State section

Passenger68, stated that at the same time, Buhari mounted an offensive against entrenched interests. About 500 politicians, officials and businessmen were jailed for corruption charges during his stewardship. Citation NEEDED

The way an issue like that is supposed to be dealt with is to add a citation needed tag to the statement. Not to simply revert it. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 16:24, 17 January 2015 (UTC)

Here is a reference: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12890807 From that article: "The verdict on Mr Buhari's 20 months as Nigeria's leader is mixed. About 500 politicians, officials and businessmen were jailed as part of a campaign against waste and corruption." Note: I moved (in the version currently in my sandbox) the BBC reference to the end of the paragraph. It was in the middle so came before this one fact about the 500 jailed. The convention is if it supports multiple facts in a paragraph or section you just put it once at the and of that paragraph or section. Also, I removed the part of one sentence in that section that compared Buharism to fascism as I saw nothing in the BBC article that said "fascism". --MadScientistX11 (talk) 18:18, 18 January 2015 (UTC)

Economic policy Subsection

In this subsection Passenger68 reference the statement below to "Nigeria's Muhammadu Buhari in profile". BBC News. 17 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-20. “Immediately after taking offce, Buhari broke ties with the International Monetary Fund, when the fund asked the government to devalue the naira by 60%. To pay for the debt incurred by the previous administration, Buhari entered into a $2 billion barter trade agreement with four countries, trading 200,000 barrels of oil for capital goods, raw materials and equipment. This policy led to job losses and closure of businesses as prices rose and living standards slumped” This was never stated in the BBC News profile of Buhari

I agree with this one. I found nothing in the BBC article either to support this. @Passenger68: we need to find a better source for this statement or remove it. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 17:21, 17 January 2015 (UTC)

Foreign policy subsection

In this subsection passenger68 stated that In order to keep public finances in check, the government of Buhari instituted a ceiling on the maximum amount of nairas (20) that could be legally taken in or out of the country. NO PROOF, citation needed. We have REASERCHED this, what we found was that Buhari only carried out currency change. Passenger68 also stated here that” in this context, the Buhari administration was embroiled in a scandal concerning the fate of 53 suitacases, allegedly containing $700 million[34], owned by the Emir of Gwandu that were cleared through customs without inspection on his return flight from Saudi Arabia” THE LINK HE OR SHE REFRENCED SAYS SORRY BUT SOMETHING WENT WRONG. CITATION NEEDED

I agree with that one as well. Some of the references just go to page not found and need to be replaced or updated. Passenger68 and I have been doing that already with a draft revised version. But saying things like "We have REASERCHED this, what we found was..." is not relevant for this kind of discussion. What you as an individual or group has determined by your own research is considered wp:original research. What matters is what you can document in good Wikipedia:sources --MadScientistX11 (talk) 17:29, 17 January 2015 (UTC)

Anyway, below is a response to the allegations written by Oluwarotimi Fashakin and published on Elombah.com: Owing to the damaging effect of currency trafficking outside the Nation’s shores, the Buhari administration decided to change the colors of the currency notes in April 1984. This yielded the desired result as N5Billion excess liquidity was mopped off! As a back-lash on this exercise, there was insidious story from a section of the media that the Buhari regime allowed the Emir of Gwandu, Alhaji Jokolo to bring in 53 suitcases during the currency change, thereby insinuating a case of double-standard. Let it be said from the onset, the opinion tenaciously held on to about this incident was what was sold to the unsuspecting Nigerian public by a section of the press. So much hoodwinked that Buhari's explanation had never been heard! This is what Buhari said about this: "This is a typical case of the press believing what they want to believe. I hope it is not a reflection of the Nigerian society. I hope one day you will find the time to interview the Vice President (Alhaji Atiku Abubakar) on this. I understand he was the Customs officer in charge of the Murtala Mohammed airport, perhaps he knows more about it than myself. I have explained this so many times but the press write what they want to write and not what is factual." Going down the memory lane, he added: "I recall the day in question. We were playing squash with my ADC when his father, the late Emir was returning to the country. He was a well-respected person. I prompted Jokolo to go and receive him even when he had no intention of doing so. By some coincidence his father was returning with my late chief of protocol who was an ambassador in Libya. He returned with his three wives and about 16 children. Everything about him including the handbag of his wives was counted as a suitcase. I explained this myself but nobody believed me." It is believed that these false allegations were cooked up by persons who secretly sought to discredit Buhari in order to overthrow him. Let him that have eyes read between the lines. Let those who falsely accuse an honest man have a rethink for it is the height of injustice.

Again, all that is irrelevant. Things like private conversations, upublished reports, absolutely do not count in any way as valid wikipedia:references or as relevant points in a debate about Wikipedia content. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 17:34, 17 January 2015 (UTC)

1985 coup and detention section

Passenger 68 stated here that declining living standards, attacks on political freedoms and the War against Intolerance were to blame. General Babangida claimed that Buhari failed to deal with the country’s economic problems and promised “to rejuvenate the economy ravaged by decades of government mismanagement and corruption”.The link is BLOCKED to readers. No other citation by passenger68. We have order a copy of the book to verify this.

There are two refs here. One seems to be a spam link to me but whatever it is I agree, I don't see how it supports the text and that ref should be either fixed to point to the relevant news story or removed. That link was identified already by Passenger69 and myself as needing repair. BTW, Here is our list of ref issues we are currently working on, many of these overlap the issues identified here: User_talk:Passenger68#Buhari:_Questions The other is a book. Not all references have to be online. I've reserved the book and should have it within a week, although it could take longer, it was only available from a University library so may take some time to make it to me. If anyone knows of an online version of that book or of the relevant passages. Please let us know. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 18:18, 17 January 2015 (UTC)

Return to politics and presidential runs section

Section title can be changed to politics with subsections for elections and campaigns Incitement of violence .seem like statements falsely referenced to the article"Nigerian Religious Leaders Advise Political Candidates".cfr.org. December 12, 2014. Passenger68 stated that the elections were marred by widespread sectarian violence, which claimed the lives of 800 people across the country, as Buhari’s supporters attacked Christian settlements in the country’s center regions[47]. The three day uprising wasblamed in part on Buhari’s inflammatory comments[47]. In spite of assurances from Human Rights Watch, who had judged the elections as “among the fairest in Nigeria’s history”, Buhari claimed that the poll was flawed and warned[47] that "If what happened in 2011 should again happen in 2015, by the grace of God, the dog and the baboon would all be soaked in blood". THIS IS NOT APPEAR IN THE REFRENCED ARTICLE BY CFR.ORG

I agree. At least one of the refs here doesn't seem to support the text and this needs to be revised or not added. I'm going to leave off commenting for now as I plan to spend some time trying to fix some of these references. Will comment more later. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 18:54, 17 January 2015 (UTC)

The comment about dogs, etc. was verified in an Al Jazeera article that Passenger68 found below and that I am adding as a ref for this seciton. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 19:37, 19 January 2015 (UTC)

Security challenges section

Biased editing. Passenger68 left out here that Buhari himself was a target of BOKO HARAM attack in July 2014.

This is also a good point. To my knowledge that is well documented and we should add that in to the section. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 14:51, 19 January 2015 (UTC)

Freedom of religion

Falsely or unknowingly referenced allegation to BBC News Profile of Buhari or citation needed. Passenger68 stated that “he had called on Muslims to vote for Muslim candidates and never vote for Christian presidents in previous elections”. THIS IS AN ALLEGATION AND FOR LEGAL REASONS SHOULD BE STATED AS SUCH.

There are also some minor problems with the human rights section.

PLEASE BE NEUTRAL IN EDITING. By Eric Ayodeji

I haven't documented each specific case but just wanted to point out that to the best of my knowledge every time there was a reference that went to a page not found error or to some spam site as documented above I have either deleted the reference in the version I'm working from as I make edits today or have found the archived version of the reference and used that as the URL. We've all been doing a lot of editing and it is quite possible I missed one or two so feel free to point it out if I did. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 19:05, 19 January 2015 (UTC)

Buhari Wikipedia page update

Some sources I found this weekend :

Federal Commissioner for Petroleum and Natural Resources section

NNPC misuse of funds

• Book by Ndaeyo Uko, Romancing the Gun: The Press as a Promoter of Military Rule

"Buhari's Decree 4, which led to his overthrow, was seen by Nigerians as an attempt to prevent the press from digging into a scandal which he was supposed to have known something about: the mysterious disappearance of the huge sum of N2.8 billion from the NNPC while it was under his supervision." page 90

" Not only did [Babangida]cite the suppression of the press public opinion and dissent as the main reason for the coup in which he toppled Buhari, but in his maiden national broadcast on August 27, 1985, Babangida abrogated Buhari's offensive Decree No. 4 and ordered the release of journalists imprisoned under it" - page 95

• Oil in Nigeria: Conflict and Litigation Between Oil Companies and Village Communities

Page 41 - This followed evidence from an US accountancy firm that some 2.8 billion Naira (roughly US $4 billion) had not been accounted for by the bank records of the NNPC. The Irikife Tribunal, which investigated the matter, even failed to summon Generals Buhari and Obsanjo who were responsible for supervising the NNPC and controlled oil sales during the period in question.

• IBB Sets To Expose Buhari Over Missing $2.8B Oil MOney
• IBB Hits Buhari Harder: Over $2.8Billion Was Stolen By Buhari and Seen In His UK Bank

IBB in 2013 on Buhari: "We challenge him to come out with clean hands in those two portfolios he headed. Or, we will help him to expose his “records of performance during those periods. Those who live in glass houses do not throw stones. Gen. Buhari should be properly guided.”

• Fraud allegations: NNPC accuses Buhari of “political mischief”
• [http://leadership.ng/news/394893/nnpc-faults-buharis-allegation-says-dont-keep-2-account-books

NNPC spokesman] "if General Buhari believes that such false information that is usually the subject of beer parlor gossip was true, would he rather that the Nigerian public believe that the allegation of missing $2.8 billion oil money against the NNPC under his watch as minister of Petroleum was true?"

Head of State section

• Nigeria's Muhammadu Buhari in profile

About 500 politicians, officials and businessmen were jailed as part of a campaign against waste and corruption.

Economic Policy Subsection

Buhari rejected IMF conditions and imposed austerity on Nigeria:

• Nigeria: Current Issues and Historical Background page 122

• The International Monetary Fund: Politics of Conditional Lending - page 60

"Buhari proved his independence by pushing through economic austerity so severe that it went beyond what many advised - all the while he refused IMF assistance."

• Nigerian Politics in the Age of Yar'Adua - page 148

"The Buhari regime […] refused to accept among other things: the hefty devaluation, which in this case was to be 60 percent of the Naira. Thus, when negotiations broke down in June 1984, Nigeria, cut off from Western credit, now in desperate need of raw materials for which there was no money, resorted to barter. Counter-trade agreements under which oil was exchanged for imports […] were signed with French, Austrian, Italian and Brazilian firms".

• The African Debt Crisis - page 59

More information about declining living standards under austerity measures passed during Buhari's tenure.

• Nigeria's Muhammadu Buhari in profile

However, his attempts to re-balance public finances by curbing imports led to many job losses and the closure of businesses.

Foreign policy subsection

Individuals were not allowed to leave the country with more than 20 naira:

• EXPELLED FOREIGNERS POURING OUT OF NIGERIA By The Associated Press

"Reporters at the western border with Benin today said Nigerian customs officials were searching the departing foreigners closely and refusing to let tiem carry out more than the 20 naira, or $17.65, allowed by law"

• NIGERIA'S DISCIPLINE CAMPAIGN: NOT SPARING THE ROD

"Earlier this month, a Frenchmen working in Nigeria was sentenced to five years in prison for carrying 431 naira - less than $600 at the official exchange rate, and only about $100 at the black-market rate - into the country. He said he had mistakenly taken the money with him when he went home on vacation and brought it back when he returned. No more than 20 naira can be legally taken from or brought into the country."

The 53 suitcases scandal: It is referenced at length in National Security Organization.

• The Roots of Political Instability in Nigeria - page 15 provides an account of the scandal

1985 coup and detention section

• Twentieth Century Africa - Babadinga quote can be found on page 401

• - Book by Ndaeyo Uko, Romancing the Gun: The Press as a Promoter of Military Rule

"Buhari's Decree 4, which led to his overthrow, was seen by Nigerians as an attempt to prevent the press from digging into a scandal which he was supposed to have known something about: the mysterious disappearance of the huge sum of N2.8 billion from the NNPC while it was under his supervision." page 90

" Not only did [Babangida]cite the suppression of the press public opinion and dissent as the main reason fr the coup in which he toppled Buhari, but in his maiden national broadcast on August 27, 1985, Babangida abrogated Buhari's offensive Decree No. 4 and ordered the release of journalists imprisoned under it" - page 95

Return to politics and presidential runs section

2011 election

• Nigeria: Post-Election Violence Killed 800 - Buhari supporters started the violence, claiming 800 lives

• United States Institute of Peace

There were other ominous signs of potential violence. Buhari’s warning of an “Egyptstyle” revolt if the elections were not free and fair was one. Buhari’s admonition that his supporters defend their votes was another. And his declaration that going to court to contest the elections would be a waste of his time provided his supporters with the unspoken alternative: take their protests to the streets. Indeed, the day of the presidential elections, Buhari claimed that the ruling party had rigged the election10 and violence started soon after INEC declared Jonathan the winner. Buhari did not immediately condemn the violence, fueling speculation of his role in inciting it."

• [http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/15/us-warcrimes-nigeria-icc-idUSKBN0JT1JA20141215

Rights group calls for ICC probe of Nigerian presidential candidate] A Nigerian human rights group on Monday asked the International Criminal Court to bring charges against Nigerian presidential candidate Muhammadu Buhari for post-election violence in 2011.

• Post-election violence: FG panel report indicts Buhari

THE Presidential Committee on Post-Election Violence in parts of the country, yesterday submitted its report stating that Congress for Progressive Change, CPC, Presidential Candidate, Major General Muhammadu Buhari’s provocative remarks played a role in the bloody violence that led to the death of 10 members of the National Youth Service Corps, NYSC, and hundreds of others after last April’s presidential polls.

• Will Muhammadu Buhari be Nigeria's next president?

In 2011, Buhari was accused of inciting the violence that followed his loss to Jonathan. The following year, he said "the dog and the baboon would all be soaked in blood" should the 2015 election be rigged."

Freedom of religion

• Nigeria: 2003: Buhari Urges Muslims to Vote Upholders Islam

As the year 2003 elections draw closer, former Head of State, General Muhammadu Buhari (rtd) has called on Muslims across the country to vote only for the presidential candidate that would defend and uphold the tenets of Islam.

Passenger68 (talk) 08:34, 19 January 2015 (UTC)

Statement in Politics section about Buhari being a folk hero to some

In the current politics section it says at the end about Buhari: "However, he remains a "folk hero" to some for his vocal opposition to corruption" The source for this is just a raw URL: http://www.nigeria70.com/nigerian_news_paper/former_military_ruler_muhammadu_buhari_gains_suppor/327652/ And when I go to that URL it is just a pointer with a link: "Read the rest of the story on Yahoo Nigerian News" and when I click on that link it takes me to the Washington Post site and says the file is not available. Can anyone provide a reference to back up that sentence? I plan to delete it as I rework this section but if someone can provide a good ref I will leave it in. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 18:39, 19 January 2015 (UTC)

I left that statement in for now but I think it needs to be verified or removed eventually. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 19:48, 19 January 2015 (UTC)

Freedom of Religion Section

What is currently reference 68: "Buhari: I believe in freedom of religion.Buhari". goes to an error. However, the next reference does confirm it so I plan to leave that statement although I will delete ref 68. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 20:13, 19 January 2015 (UTC)

This Article was mentioned in Teahouse question

Since this article is clearly generating a lot of editing by people with different points of view I want to be as open as possible about all changes and discussions so just want to mention I created a teahouse question about the article and about the recent changes here: Wikipedia:Teahouse/Questions#Could_use_some_help_editing_controversial_political_article --MadScientistX11 (talk) 16:00, 20 January 2015 (UTC)

Buhari and the Coup

There were a bunch of changes made by two IP editors recently. On an article like this I think it is irresponsible to just make mass changes like that without discussing on the talk page. If you look above you will see voluminous discussion that came before the changes I made prior to the IP users. One of the edits that IMO was clearly in bad faith was this change: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammadu_Buhari&diff=prev&oldid=643372835 by @196.216.200.4: there is a source that comes right after the edited text: http://books.google.com/books?id=hTs6GpM4zDMC&q=121#v=snippet&q=121&f=false that says (p. 121) "the leader of the coup was Buhari" which clearly contradicts the change made by 196.216.200.4 where he says "Major-General Buhari did not take part in the coup". I'm going to re-edit this and change it back. --MadScientistX11 (talk) 16:09, 20 January 2015 (UTC)

New informations I can't add

Hello everyone !

I tried to add some new informations on the page and I don't know why, I can't. It seems there is a filter on me or on my edit. As nobody is answering me on the False positives page, here I am. This is what I was trying to add, I don't think it is vandalism (at the end of his political career) :

Thanks to the help of Gilbert Chagoury, a Lebanese-Nigerian businessman and friend of APC leader Ahmed Tinubu , Muhammadu Buhari's campaign was ran by former Obama campaign manager David Axelrod and his AKPD consultancy. Gilbert Chagoury allegedly used his relationship with Bill Clinton to persuade Axelrod to take on the job of advising Buhari.

In February 2015, former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo quit the ruling PDP party and threw his support behind the Buhari/Osinbajo ticket.

Is there a problem with those informations (I found those on Google news) ? --Mirbayed (talk) 09:52, 24 February 2015 (UTC)

Hello Mirbayed, those informations seem good to me, I'll try to add them to see what happen. Coccico2345 (talk) 09:54, 4 March 2015 (UTC)

It worked with me. There were some mistakes in your sources, maybe this is the reason. Coccico2345 (talk) 10:05, 4 March 2015 (UTC)

Buhari wins presidential election march 2015

according to the media president goodluck jonathan has called buhari on 31 march 2015 to congratulate him, accepting defeat in the general election — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.29.124.102 (talk) 17:50, 31 March 2015 (UTC)

Surname

This article makes it unclear whether his father had the same surname. --YOMAL SIDOROFF-BIARMSKII (talk) 15:19, 1 April 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 1 April 2015

Hello, reference 34 that supports the discussion of Fela Kuti leads to a page not found [1]. Please change the link to [2]. Thank you

Hedd0026 (talk) 22:35, 1 April 2015 (UTC)

Done Stickee (talk) 23:45, 1 April 2015 (UTC)

Was Fela Kuti sentenced to 5 or 10 years in prison?

The articles states that, "Using the wide powers bestowed upon it by Decree Number 2, the government sentenced Fela to 10 years in prison." This is supported by an obituary in the Guardian. [3] However, other sources, such as the New York Times [4], Amnesty International [5], the Encyclopedia of Music in the 20th Century[6] and a separate Guardian piece [7] claim that he was only sentenced to 5 years in prison. I think this is sufficient evidence to suggest that the Guardian obituary is incorrect and that Fela Kuti was only sentenced to 5 years in jail. Hedd0026 (talk) 22:58, 1 April 2015 (UTC)

Thanks, I've fixed the article. Stickee (talk) 23:47, 1 April 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 2 April 2015

You can use this picture:

Buhari.jpg — Preceding unsigned comment added by ChuckEngel (talk • contribs) 14:17, 2 April 2015 (UTC)

Political career and 2015 elections should be separate sections not subsection to one another

political career and 2015 elections are two different things. Election has a different meaning from career, 2015 elections should be separated into a different sections AND NOT a subsection. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.31.202.228 (talk) 12:14, 4 April 2015 (UTC)

TITLE POLITICAL VIEWS INCORRECT SHOULD BE REMOVED OR EDIT REVERTED

Freedom of Religion is not a political view. It is a religious one. Also with regards to security challenge, it is a challenge the country Nigeria has been and is facing, not a view. Again definition of challenge differs from view. Title should be removed or edit reverted. Please edit wisely. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.31.202.228 (talk) 13:03, 4 April 2015 (UTC)

Transfer of power from Jonathan to Buhari not an issue in Nigeria as power has been transferred in the past from military/civilian leaders to civilian leaders

Edits are fine. Transfer of power from Jonathan to Buhari is not an issue in Nigeria as power has been transferred in the past from military/civilian leaders to civilian leaders. It should be left out — Preceding unsigned comment added by Giantsofnigeria (talk • contribs) 13:12, 5 August 2015 (UTC)

All right. In a parliamentary system, the leader of the opposition is the fellow who becomes PM if s/he wins. In a presidential system, this is only the opposition candidate. These other edits are grammar edits. Mesh22 (talk) 13:23, 5 August 2015 (UTC)

It is important to note that what you kept reverting was "a sitting government peacefully transferred power to the opposition by democratic means". This has never happened in Nigerian history. In situations where there was power transfer by democratic means, this transfer was not to the opposition. The OBJ military govt had this transfer to civilian rule as its mandate, same could be said for the Abdulsalami government. Letting this lie but no opposition has ever successfully got power in Nigerian history by wholly democratic means. Mesh22 (talk) 13:27, 5 August 2015 (UTC)

Environmental sanitation day

"This practice has been ongoing for 31 years, since March 1984. That was when the 3-month-old military government of Major General Muhammadu Buhari enacted its War Against Indiscipline (WAI) law by military decree. Environmental Sanitation was a part of the WAI law." http://allafrica.com/stories/201507130604.html 2601:600:8500:B2D9:61AA:44C3:A9F6:D65B (talk) 07:53, 7 August 2015 (UTC)

Buhari, NMTC, NDA and Mons Officer Cadet School

A previous note in the Military section read "in February 1964, the college [NMTC] was renamed the Nigerian Defence Academy. I included more information explaining why Buhari was sent to Mons instead of the NDA which the NMTC was upgraded to after Buhari's commissioning. Buhari was sent to an allied military academy in UK as part of the Nigerian government's policy. This is relevant and encyclopedic information that helps readers to connect the dots between the NMTC, what it morphed into (NDA), and why Buhari received his officer cadet training at Mons. Please don't delete relevant and encyclopedic information. Kunkuru (talk) 12:41, 10 August 2015 (UTC)

|Kunkuru, please let others contribute. You misquote footnote 1&2 p235 of the reference book cited (The Nigerian Military a Sociological Analysis of Authority & Revolt 1960-1967 By Robin Luckham), the footnotes on page 235properly states:

footnote 1: The preliminary selection and training courses for officers cadet had been at the African command training school at teshie in ghana. Cadets passing out from this school(and later from the NMTC) were sent to England for further training at sandhurst, Eaton Hall or Mons

footnote2 which I quoted states: The Defence Academy established in 1964 provided a full three years cadet training, unlike NMTC, which only provided preliminary training prior to the sending of cadets to England — Preceding unsigned comment added by Giantsofnigeria (talk • contribs) 04:44, 11 August 2015 (UTC)

User talk:Giantsofnigeria - you are ill informed about his subject. You repeatedly deleted encyclopedic information that was relevant to the Muhammadu Buhari military career section claiming that it was irrelevant. I repeat, the Nigerian government had a policy of sending NMTC graduates to allied academies around the world and not just British ones. Luckham is just one of many sources referenced. Dan Agbese is another. You are now using Luckham as the sole source when there are multiple sources. Lukham is but one perspective that sheds light on British military academies and the officer training they provided to NMTC graduates. Ibrahim Babangida who is Buhari's junior by a couple of months was sent by the Ministry of Defence to the Indian Military Academy in Dera Dune. Is the Indian Military Academy not an allied academy? Is it British? No. Allied? Yes. Others such as General Magoro and Gen Gaba Duba also received their officer training at the Indian Military Academy. Please get your hands on Dan Agbese's book at a local library before you delete encyclopedic information. Here's another source for you: http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/11/the-nigerian-defence-academy-a-pioneer-cadets-memoir/. I quote "The Nigeria Military Training College (NMTC), Kaduna No. 8 Course was to have started in September 1963. The initial training was to have been for four months in NMTC Kaduna after which the successful cadets were to proceed to various foreign military institutions for the detailed officers’ course and commissioning. For instance, I could have been admitted into Course No. 7 if my result in the 1962 entrance examination had not come to me after the interview had ended. - See more at: http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/11/the-nigerian-defence-academy-a-pioneer-cadets-memoir/#sthash.Oo9A0qMO.dpuf". Please read before deleting.

you can read cant you?? It is from the book you initially referenced p235 footnote 1 & 2, now you say it is ill informed. We are talking of cadet training here!! officer cadets were sent to England during that period for officer cadet trainning. The other courses you talked about ARE NOT cadet training, for that period in question. Keep the edit simple and properly for readers on buhari wiki profile — Preceding unsigned comment added by Giantsofnigeria (talk • contribs) 06:18, 11 August 2015 (UTC)

freedom of religion

Buhari made the freedom of religion statement in January 2015 while campaigning in Nigeria. It has been put in the 2015 election campaign subsection. Buhari has NOT made any religious policy as of 1st October 2015.please do not remove — Preceding unsigned comment added by Giantsofnigeria (talk • contribs) 10:41, 1 October 2015 (UTC)

Graf 1988 publication title not included in reference section

The publication title for graff 1988 which was used about five times is not included in the reference section. We believe it may have been taken or cited from another book or publication by User Alexplaugh12 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Giantsofnigeria (talk • contribs) 06:35, 25 November 2016 (UTC)

Look friend, I am here to help build wikipedia, if you are here to improve the article feel free. I don't understand the concept of "we believe" so not interested in telling you the title. just to give you heads up, the military career section will be changed to early military career. It was written like that to divide the article into two major sections, his political career and his military one. But now the article is looking more in a chronological order. They may still be improvements in the article because the final goal will likely change many things because it is to bring it under a good article review. I will prefer we cooeprate, the title of the article is under [[8]], I use it because it is easier and saves space in the main articleAlexplaugh12 (talk) 12:04, 25 November 2016 (UTC)

Note to edit-warriors

Why not take this admin-imposed ceasefire to discuss de-/merits of your pet edits? Mesh22 (talk) 12:14, 2 October 2015 (UTC)

Agreed. If edit warring resumes after protection expires I will look at blocks. --NeilN ^{talk to me} 13:25, 3 October 2015 (UTC)

NeilN, yes that would be better. --OluwaCurtis »» (talk to me) 15:28, 3 October 2015 (UTC)

Edit warring

@Everyking:, as an administrator, I expect you revert edits with explanations through the talk page or the user's talk page. Your reverts look like edit warring to me. Regards!! —OluwaCurtis »» (talk to me) 16:39, 2 November 2015 (UTC)

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"Buhari"

Is "Buhari" a surname or a second name? --YOMAL SIDOROFF-BIARMSKII (talk) 22:54, 14 October 2016 (UTC)

GA Review

This review is transcluded from Talk:Muhammadu Buhari/GA1. The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.

Reviewer: Midnightblueowl (talk · contribs) 22:19, 11 April 2017 (UTC)

This is an important article and it has had to wait quite a while, so I shall review it. Midnightblueowl (talk) 22:19, 11 April 2017 (UTC)

I'm afraid that I am going to have to fail this article as a GA at the present time. At present, many portions of the article are simply not referenced at all, which prohibits this article from being rated GA. Midnightblueowl (talk) 22:33, 11 April 2017 (UTC)

Health Concerns

I had my addition of current health status reverted and would like the article to reflect his condition and return status. --Wikipietime (talk) 18:18, 27 June 2017 (UTC)

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Semi-protected edit request on 19 September 2018

Remove "an unfortunate fool who happens to be" in the first statement of the page. The description provided is disrespectful and should not be published. It is one thing to express one's thoughts in private speech and another thing to put disrespectful descriptions on such a public domain. Cabuckm14 (talk) 18:58, 19 September 2018 (UTC)

 Done @Cabuckm14: Thank you –Ammarpad (talk) 19:29, 19 September 2018 (UTC)

Criticism

Many Nigerians complain that Buhari is incompetent and has failed to stop the war against boko haram. During his time as president of Nigeria Many terror groups have risen in zamfara,kaduna and benue. There is also claims that buhari has no idea of what’s going on in the country and he is being controlled by the Cabal. Azzakisaleh (talk) 21:09, 20 May 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 18 July 2019

It's neccesary to add the information about the massacres that occurs durings his current presidency. Include the unlawful well documentated detention of Ibrahim Zakzaky.

In the section "Presidency (2015–present)" we must add a subsection called Massacres against Civil people. The quote is in Amnesty International website https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/04/nigeria-military-cover-up-of-mass-slaughter-at-zaria-exposed/ Pepebeto2000 (talk) 19:05, 18 July 2019 (UTC)

 Not done. It's not clear what you want to add. Edit requests need precise text to add or change so that editors unfamiliar with the article can process them. Otherwise, you can always start a new section with a more general request. –Deacon Vorbis (carbon • videos) 02:17, 19 July 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion

The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion:

• Buharii.jpg

You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 17:06, 20 July 2019 (UTC)

President Muhammad Buhari, I want to meet with you in your office aso villa, Abuja in this year 2020.

Its very important we renovate federal secretariat. I will be expecting your invitation 2020 this week july — Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.190.12.118 (talk) 21:22, 9 August 2020 (UTC)

Flags.

What are these flags on the photo? --Yomal Sidoroff-Biarmskii (talk) 22:34, 22 September 2020 (UTC)

Gallery Removal

I once added a gallery section to this article with photos of subject obtainable from wiki commons. Why has the Gallery been removed? and why is there no time stamp for that action? B Enkay 45 (talk) 05:20, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

Proposed merge of Second inauguration of Muhammadu Buhari into Muhammadu Buhari

CFORK stub. Could also be merged into Presidency of Muhammadu Buhari  // Timothy :: talk  20:26, 23 May 2023 (UTC)

  Y Merger complete. Klbrain (talk) 12:44, 18 November 2023 (UTC)