HMS Whelp (R37): Difference between revisions
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{{short description|W-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy during the Second World War}} |
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{{under construction}} |
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{{other ships|HMS Whelp}} |
{{other ships|HMS Whelp}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date= |
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} |
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{|{{Infobox ship begin}} |
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{{Infobox ship image |
{{Infobox ship image |
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|Ship image= |
|Ship image=HMS Whelp.jpg |
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|Ship caption=''Whelp'' underway on the [[Tyne River|Tyne]], 1944 |
|Ship caption=''Whelp'' underway on the [[Tyne River|Tyne]], 1944 |
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{{Infobox ship career |
{{Infobox ship career |
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|Ship country=United Kingdom |
|Ship country=United Kingdom |
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|Ship flag={{shipboxflag| |
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}} |
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|Ship name=''Whelp'' |
|Ship name=''Whelp'' |
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|Ship ordered=3 December 1941 |
|Ship ordered=3 December 1941 |
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|Ship commissioned=25 April 1944 |
|Ship commissioned=25 April 1944 |
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|Ship decommissioned=January 1946 |
|Ship decommissioned=January 1946 |
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|Ship fate=Sold to [[South African Navy]], |
|Ship fate=Sold to the [[South African Navy]], 25 April 1952 |
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|Ship honours= |
|Ship honours= |
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*[[Battle of the Gabbard|Gabbard]] 1653 |
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*[[Operation Iceberg|Okinawa 1945]] |
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|Ship badge=On a Field White, a lion's whelp sejant guardant Proper. |
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{{Infobox ship career |
{{Infobox ship career |
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|Ship name=SAS ''Simon van der Stel'' |
|Ship name=SAS ''Simon van der Stel'' |
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|Ship namesake=[[Simon van der Stel]] |
|Ship namesake=[[Simon van der Stel]] |
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|Ship acquired= |
|Ship acquired=25 April 1952 |
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|Ship commissioned= |
|Ship commissioned=20 March 1953 |
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|Ship recommissioned= |
|Ship recommissioned= |
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|Ship decommissioned= |
|Ship decommissioned= |
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|Ship in service= |
|Ship in service= |
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|Ship out of service= |
|Ship out of service=27 March 1972 |
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|Ship renamed= |
|Ship renamed=20 March 1953 |
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|Ship reclassified= |
|Ship reclassified=Converted into an anti-submarine [[frigate]], 1962–64 |
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|Ship struck= |
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|Ship reinstated= |
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{{Infobox ship characteristics |
{{Infobox ship characteristics |
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*[[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 272|Type 272]] surface-search [[radar]] |
*[[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 272|Type 272]] surface-search [[radar]] |
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*Type 282 and 285 gunnery radars |
*Type 282 and 285 gunnery radars |
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*Type 291 [[early-warning radar]] |
*[[Type 291 radar|Type 291]] [[early-warning radar]] |
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|Ship EW= |
|Ship EW= |
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|Ship armament=*4 × single [[4.7 inch QF Mark XII|4.7-inch (120 mm) guns]] |
|Ship armament=*4 × single [[4.7 inch QF Mark XII|4.7-inch (120 mm) guns]] |
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*1 × quadruple [[QF 2 pounder naval gun#QF 2-pounder Mark VIII|2-pounder (40 mm) "pom-pom"]] [[AA gun]] |
*1 × quadruple [[QF 2 pounder naval gun#QF 2-pounder Mark VIII|2-pounder (40 mm) "pom-pom"]] [[AA gun]] |
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*4 × twin [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|Oerlikon {{convert|20|mm|1|abbr=on}}]] AA guns |
*4 × twin [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|Oerlikon {{convert|20|mm|1|abbr=on}}]] AA guns |
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*2 × quadruple |
*2 × quadruple [[British 21 inch torpedo|21 inch (533 mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s |
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*70 [[depth charge]]s; 4 throwers, 2 rails |
*70 [[depth charge]]s; 4 throwers, 2 rails |
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'''HMS ''Whelp''''' was one of eight [[W and Z-class destroyer|W-class destroyers]] built for the [[Royal Navy]] during the [[World War II|Second World War]]. Completed in 1944, the ship spent most of the war assigned to the [[Eastern Fleet|Eastern]] and [[British Pacific Fleet|Pacific Fleets]]. She screened British [[aircraft carrier]]s as their aircraft attacked targets in the [[Nicobar Islands]], the [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies| |
'''HMS ''Whelp''''' was one of eight [[W and Z-class destroyer|W-class destroyers]] built for the [[Royal Navy]] during the [[World War II|Second World War]]. Completed in 1944, the ship spent most of the war assigned to the [[Eastern Fleet|Eastern]] and [[British Pacific Fleet|Pacific Fleets]]. She screened British [[aircraft carrier]]s as their aircraft attacked targets in the Japanese-occupied [[Nicobar Islands]], the [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies|Dutch East Indies]], [[Formosa]] and near [[Okinawa]]. ''Whelp'' was present at the [[Japanese surrender]] in [[Tokyo Bay]] in 1945 and later in [[Hong Kong]]. She was [[paid off]] in January 1946 and went into [[Reserve fleet|reserve]]. |
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''Whelp'' was sold to the [[South African Navy]] in 1952 and renamed ''[[Simon van der Stel]]''. She was subsequently converted into a fast [[anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine]] [[frigate]] in the early 1960s |
''Whelp'' was sold to the [[South African Navy]] (SAN) in 1952 and renamed ''[[Simon van der Stel]]''. She was subsequently converted into a fast [[anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine]] [[frigate]] in the early 1960s and served as a [[training ship]] from 1968 until 1972 when she went back into reserve. ''Simon van der Stel'' was [[Ship commissioning|recommissioned]] in 1975 for a refit, but that proved to be uneconomical and she was [[ship breaking|scrapped]] the following year. |
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== Description == |
== Description == |
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The W-class ships displaced {{convert|1710|LT|t}} at [[Displacement (ship)|standard load]] and {{convert|2530|LT|t}} at [[deep load]]. They had an [[length overall|overall length]] of {{convert|362|ft|9|in|m|1}}, a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|35|ft|8|in|m|1}} and a mean deep [[draft (hull)|draught]] of {{convert|14|ft|6|in|m|1}}. The ships were powered by a pair of [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons]] geared [[steam turbine]]s, each driving one [[propeller shaft]], using steam provided by two [[Admiralty three-drum boiler]]s. The turbines developed a total of {{convert|40000| |
The W-class ships displaced {{convert|1710|LT|t}} at [[Displacement (ship)|standard load]] and {{convert|2530|LT|t}} at [[deep load]]. They had an [[length overall|overall length]] of {{convert|362|ft|9|in|m|1}}, a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|35|ft|8|in|m|1}} and a mean deep [[draft (hull)|draught]] of {{convert|14|ft|6|in|m|1}}. The ships were powered by a pair of [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons]] geared [[steam turbine]]s, each driving one [[propeller shaft]], using steam provided by two [[Admiralty three-drum boiler]]s. The turbines developed a total of {{convert|40000|shp|lk=in}} which gave a maximum speed of {{convert|36|kn|lk=in}}. They carried {{convert|615|LT|t}} of [[fuel oil]] that gave them a range of {{convert|4675|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|20|kn}}. Their crew numbered 179 officers and [[naval rating|ratings]].<ref name=l2/> |
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The W-class destroyers were armed with four single [[4.7 inch QF Mark XII|4.7-inch (120 mm) Mark IX guns]], one quadruple mount for [[QF 2 pounder naval gun#QF 2-pounder Mark VIII|2-pounder (40 mm) Mk II "pom-pom"]] [[anti-aircraft gun|anti-aircraft (AA) guns]] and eight [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|Oerlikon {{convert|20|mm|1| |
The W-class destroyers were armed with four single [[4.7 inch QF Mark XII|4.7-inch (120 mm) Mark IX guns]], one quadruple mount for [[QF 2 pounder naval gun#QF 2-pounder Mark VIII|2-pounder (40 mm) Mk II "pom-pom"]] [[anti-aircraft gun|anti-aircraft (AA) guns]] and eight [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|Oerlikon {{convert|20|mm|1|abbr=on}}]] light AA guns on twin mounts. They also were equipped with two quadruple mounts for [[British 21 inch torpedo|21 inch (533 mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s. For [[anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine work]], the ships were fitted with [[ASDIC]] and two rails and four throwers for 70 [[depth charge]]s.<ref>Raven & Roberts, pp. 48–49</ref> They were equipped with a [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 272|Type 272]] surface-search [[radar]], Type 282 and 285 gunnery radars and a [[Type 291 radar|Type 291]] [[early-warning radar]].<ref name=l2>Lenton, p. 178</ref> |
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To better defend the ship against Japanese [[kamikaze]] suicide aircraft, ''Whelp'' had her [[searchlight]] replaced by a [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|{{convert|40|mm|1|abbr=on}} Bofors]] AA gun in mid-1944.<ref name=l2/> As part of her 1962–64 refit, the ship's aft torpedo tubes were removed to make room for a small [[flight deck]] and [[hangar]] for two [[Westland Wasp]] [[helicopter]]s. A pair of Bofors guns were added, one on each side of the hangar, but these were later replaced by the originally intended pair of American [[Mark 32 Surface Vessel Torpedo Tubes|{{convert|12.75|in|mm|0|adj=on}} Mk 32 triple-barrelled anti-submarine torpedo tubes]]. The main guns were replaced by two twin-gun turrets fitted with [[QF 4 inch Mk XVI naval gun|4-inch (102 mm) Mk XVI guns]], one forward of the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] and the other aft of the hangar. Her electronics were modernized as well although she retained the existing search radar. The changes increased her crew to 186–210 officers and ratings.<ref>du Toit, pp. 196, 199</ref> |
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To better defend the ship against Japanese [[kamikaze]] suicide aircraft, ''Whelp'' had her [[searchlight]] replaced by a [[Bofors 40 mm gun|{{convert|40|mm|1|abbr=on}} Bofors]] AA gun in mid-1944.<ref name=l2/> |
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==Construction and career== |
==Construction and career== |
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===British service=== |
===British service=== |
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The W-class destroyers were ordered on 3 December 1941 and ''Whelp'' was [[laid down]] by [[Hawthorn Leslie and Company]] at their [[shipyard]] in [[Hebburn]] on 1 May 1942. The ship was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 3 June 1943 and completed on 14 July 1944.<ref name=l2/> |
The W-class destroyers were ordered on 3 December 1941 and ''Whelp'' was [[laid down]] by [[Hawthorn Leslie and Company]] at their [[shipyard]] in [[Hebburn]] on 1 May 1942. The ship was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 3 June 1943 and completed on 14 July 1944.<ref name=l2/> ''Whelp'' was adopted by the [[Municipal Borough of Wembley|London Borough of Wembley]], using funds they had raised in [[Warship Week]] in 1942.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wembley, London Borough of Brent|url=http://www.brent-heritage.co.uk/wembley.htm|access-date=2021-04-05|website=www.brent-heritage.co.uk|archive-date=12 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112173907/http://www.brent-heritage.co.uk/wembley.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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She was initially assigned to the [[3rd Destroyer Flotilla]] (DF) of the [[Home Fleet]] and was based in [[Scapa Flow]]. During her active service, her [[captain (nautical)|captain]] and [[first lieutenant#United Kingdom|first lieutenant]] were [[Commander (Royal Navy)|Commander]] G. A. F. Norfolk and [[Lieutenant (naval)|Lieutenant]] [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|His Royal Highness Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark]], the future Duke of Edinburgh. In mid-June, ''Whelp'' sailed to [[Spitsbergen]] to resupply the small Allied garrison there.<ref name="ag">{{cite web |last=Gatrell |first=Anthony |title=HMS Whelp: Reminiscences of a Young Naval Officer |work=WW2 People's War |publisher=BBC |year=2004 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/23/a2103823.shtml |access-date=8 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Duke of Edinburgh - Naval career |work=The Official Website of the British Monarchy |year=2009 |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheDukeofEdinburgh/Navalcareer.aspx |access-date=6 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529132154/http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheDukeofEdinburgh/Navalcareer.aspx |archive-date=29 May 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Whelp'' was then assigned to the [[27th Destroyer Flotilla]] which left for the Far East on 2 August and arrived in [[Trincomalee]], [[Ceylon]] (now Sri Lanka), on 12 September.<ref name="e3" /> En route, the ship covered the Allied invasion of Southern France ([[Operation Dragoon]]) in mid-August.<ref name="ag" /> |
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⚫ | By October the 27th DF was assigned to the Eastern Fleet in the [[Indian Ocean]] and ''Whelp'' escorted the aircraft carriers {{HMS|Indomitable|92|2}} and {{HMS|Victorious|R38|2}} while their aircraft attacked [[Nancowry]] harbour and other targets in the Nicobar Islands as part of [[Operation Millet]]. When the Eastern Fleet attempted to attack the [[oil refinery]] complex at [[Pangkalan Brandan]], [[Sumatra]], in mid-November, ''Whelp'' and her sister {{HMS|Wager|R98|2}} escorted the [[oiler (ship)|oiler]] {{ship|RFA|Wave King|A264|6}}. The BPF was formed a few days afterwards and attacked the refinery at [[Belawan Deli]] during [[Operation Robson]] a month later, as the ship escorted the main body of the fleet. She did much the same during [[Operation Lentil (Sumatra)|Operation Lentil]], another attack on the refinery at Pangkalan Brandan at the beginning of January 1945. ''Whelp'' was then detached to tow the damaged submarine {{HMS|Shakespeare|P221|6}} to Trincomalee, arriving on 8 January. The |
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⚫ | By October, the 27th DF was assigned to the Eastern Fleet in the [[Indian Ocean]] and ''Whelp'' escorted the aircraft carriers {{HMS|Indomitable|92|2}} and {{HMS|Victorious|R38|2}} while their aircraft attacked [[Nancowry Island|Nancowry]] harbour and other targets in the Nicobar Islands as part of [[Operation Millet]]. When the Eastern Fleet attempted to attack the [[oil refinery]] complex at [[Pangkalan Brandan]], [[Sumatra]], in mid-November, ''Whelp'' and her [[sister ship]] {{HMS|Wager|R98|2}} escorted the [[oiler (ship)|oiler]] {{ship|RFA|Wave King|A264|6}}. The [[British Pacific Fleet]] (BPF) was formed a few days afterwards and attacked the refinery at [[Belawan Deli]] during [[Operation Robson]] a month later, as the ship escorted the main body of the fleet. She did much the same during [[Operation Lentil (Sumatra)|Operation Lentil]], another attack on the refinery at [[Pangkalan Brandan]] at the beginning of January 1945. ''Whelp'' was then detached to tow the damaged submarine {{HMS|Shakespeare|P221|6}} to Trincomalee, arriving on 8 January. The BPF departed from the port eight days later, bound for [[Sydney]], Australia. En route its aircraft attacked the refineries in [[Plaju]] and [[Sungai Gerong]], Sumatra, on 24 and 29 January ([[Operation Meridian|Operation Meridian I & II]]) before arriving on 10 February.<ref>English, p. 103; Hobbs, pp. 57, 61, 64, 73, 241; Rohwer, pp. 373, 377, 388</ref> ''Whelp'' rescued the crew of a crashed [[Grumman TBF Avenger]], [[Sub-Lieutenant]] [[Roy Halliday]] and his gunner, Norman Richardson, during the second attack.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Right Royal Rescue - BBC Radio 4|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0076wrm|publisher=BBC|access-date=8 November 2016}}</ref> |
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⚫ | On 28 February, the BPF sailed for their forward base at [[Manus Island]] and arrived on 7 March and exercised together before sailing for [[Ulithi]] on 18 March. The BPF joined the American [[United States Fifth Fleet|Fifth Fleet]] there two days later to participate in the preliminary operations for the invasion of Okinawa. The British role during the operation was to neutralise airfields on the [[Sakishima Islands]], between Okinawa and [[Formosa]], beginning on 26 March. They later attacked airfields in Formosa before returning to the Sakishima Islands. The BPF retired to [[Leyte Gulf]] to rest and resupply on 17 April<ref>Hobbs, pp. 126–51; Rohwer, p. 402</ref> and ''Whelp'', together with |
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⚫ | On 28 February, the BPF sailed for their forward base at [[Manus Island]] and arrived on 7 March and exercised together before sailing for [[Ulithi]] on 18 March. The BPF joined the American [[United States Fifth Fleet|Fifth Fleet]] there two days later to participate in the preliminary operations for the [[Battle of Okinawa|invasion of Okinawa]]. The British role during the operation was to neutralise airfields on the [[Sakishima Islands]], between Okinawa and [[Formosa]], beginning on 26 March. They later attacked airfields in [[Formosa]] before returning to the Sakishima Islands. The BPF retired to [[Leyte Gulf]] to rest and resupply on 17 April<ref>Hobbs, pp. 126–51; Rohwer, p. 402</ref> and ''Whelp'', together with ''Wager'', was tasked to escort the badly damaged carrier {{HMS|Illustrious|87|2}} to Sydney on 3 May.<ref>McCart, pp. 30, 32</ref> They arrived on 14 May and ''Whelp'' continued on to [[Melbourne]] to begin a refit that lasted until July.<ref name=e3>English, p. 103</ref> |
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⚫ | She rejoined the BPF at Sydney (now attached to the [[United States 3rd Fleet]]) and on 31 July escorted the [[battleship]] {{HMS|Duke of York|17|2}} to [[Guam]], together with ''Wager'', where they arrived on 9 August. Admiral [[Bruce Fraser, 1st Baron Fraser of North Cape|Bruce Fraser]], [[Commander-in-chief |
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⚫ | She rejoined the BPF at Sydney (now attached to the [[United States 3rd Fleet]]) and on 31 July escorted the [[battleship]] {{HMS|Duke of York|17|2}} to [[Guam]], together with ''Wager'', where they arrived on 9 August. Admiral [[Bruce Fraser, 1st Baron Fraser of North Cape|Bruce Fraser]], [[Commander-in-chief]] of the BPF, conferred with U.S. Admiral [[Chester W. Nimitz|Chester Nimitz]], the [[Commander in Chief Pacific Fleet Headquarters (World War II)|Commander-in-Chief Pacific Fleet Headquarters]]. The ships then proceeded to rendezvous with the main body of the fleet off the coast of Japan on the 16th. ''Whelp'' was the first Allied ship to enter [[Sagami Bay]] on 27 August, leading the way for ''Duke of York'' and the American battleships {{USS|Iowa|BB-61|2}} and {{USS|Missouri|BB-63|2}}. She was present at [[Tokyo]] for the [[Surrender of Japan|formal surrender of the Japanese]] on 2 September. She left Tokyo on 9 September and, following an overnight stop at Okinawa on 11/12 September, arrived at [[Hong Kong]] with Admiral Fraser aboard. He accepted the surrender of the Japanese forces in Hong Kong on 16 September.<ref name=wjs>{{cite web |last=Stonebridge |first=W J |title=HMS Whelp: Memories of a Young Stoker, Pt. 7 |work=WW2 People's War |publisher=BBC |date=11 January 2005 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/90/a3509390.shtml|access-date=9 November 2016}}</ref> |
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⚫ | ''Whelp'' was remained in Hong Kong and conducted anti-piracy patrols along the Chinese coast. On 12 November, the ship departed Hong Kong for Sydney, via [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]], and arrived there on the 24th to begin a brief refit. She sailed for Britain on 7 December and arrived at [[Portsmouth]] on 17 January 1946. ''Whelp'' was [[paid off]] and was in Category B reserve by 30 May.<ref name=e3/><ref name=wjs/> She was recommissioned on 9 August 1947 and |
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⚫ | ''Whelp'' was remained in Hong Kong and conducted anti-piracy patrols along the Chinese coast. On 12 November, the ship departed Hong Kong for Sydney, via [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]], and arrived there on the 24th to begin a brief refit. She sailed for Britain on 7 December and arrived at [[Portsmouth]] on 17 January 1946. ''Whelp'' was [[paid off]] and was in Category B reserve by 30 May.<ref name=e3/><ref name=wjs/> She was recommissioned on 9 August 1947 and refitted at [[HMNB Portsmouth|Portsmouth Royal Dockyard]] in September–October preparation for the voyage to South Africa in company with her sisters, {{HMS|Kempenfelt|R03|2}}, {{HMS|Wessex|R78|2}} and {{HMS|Wrangler|R48|2}} to form the South Atlantic Reserve Force in [[Simon's Town]]. ''Whelp'' was damaged while in dock on 8 September 1949. She was scheduled to be converted into a Type 62 air defence frigate, but this was cancelled when that programme was abandoned.<ref>du Toit, p. 195; English, pp. 101–03</ref> |
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===South African service=== |
===South African service=== |
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''Whelp'' was offered to South Africa in 1950, together with ''Wessex'', but she was not purchased until 25 April 1952 for [[pound sterling|£420,000]].<ref name=e3/> The ship was commissioned on 23 February 1953 and was renamed ''Simon van der Stel'', after the first governor of [[Cape Colony]]. Much of the ship's service was as a "grey ambassador", on goodwill visits to Europe and the European colonies in |
''Whelp'' was offered to South Africa in 1950, together with ''Wessex'', but she was not purchased until 25 April 1952 for [[pound sterling|£420,000]].<ref name=e3/> The ship was commissioned on 23 February 1953 and was renamed ''Simon van der Stel'', after the first governor of [[Cape Colony]]. Much of the ship's service was as a "grey ambassador", on goodwill visits to Europe and the European colonies in Africa, including a 147-day cruise to Europe in 1954. This began on 14 July, when she departed Durban on what was the longest flag-showing cruise ever by an SAN warship. En route to Portsmouth, ''Simon van der Stel'' stopped in [[Freetown]], [[Sierra Leone]], and [[Dakar]], [[French West Africa]] and arrived there on 31 July. Then she became the first SAN ship to visit, when the warship berthed in [[Rotterdam]], [[Netherlands]], [[Derry]], [[Northern Ireland]], and [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]]. On 21 October, the ship escorted {{SAS|Gelderland}} (the former HMS ''Brayford'', a new {{sclass|Ford|seaward defence boat}} back home. On their way to Durban, the ships visited [[France]], [[Portugal]], the [[Canary Islands]], Dakar, French West Africa, and [[French Equatorial Africa]] before arriving at their destination on 8 December, ''Simon van der Stel'' having steamed some {{convert|17200|nmi}}.<ref>du Toit, pp. 195–96, 200</ref> This role, however, declined as South Africa became increasingly isolated during the [[apartheid]] years.<ref>{{cite web |title=Unlikely Ambassadors |publisher=South African Navy |date=9 February 2010 |url=http://www.navy.mil.za/aboutus/history/ambassadors.htm |access-date=9 November 2016 |archive-date=28 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528121948/http://www.navy.mil.za/aboutus/history/ambassadors.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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The ship was placed in reserve from 1957, but was modernised at [[Naval Base Simon's Town|Simon's Town Naval Dockyard]] from 1962 to 1964, and re-commissioned on 27 February 1964. ''Simon van der Stel'' remained in commission for just over a year as manpower shortages mandated that she be reduced back to reserve in March 1965. The ship was recommissioned on 17 June 1968 and was briefly assigned to the 10th Frigate Squadron until she was redesignated as a training ship on 1 October. ''Simon van der Stel'' visited [[Portuguese Mozambique]] later that month. In June 1969 she was ordered to proceed to [[Gough Island]] to search for two missing members of the [[weather station]] there, but only found their bodies. The ship was replaced in her training role by her sister {{SAS|Jan van Riebeeck||2}} in 1972 and she was paid off on 27 March. ''Simon van der Stel'' was reactivated with a skeleton crew in early 1975 for a refit at Durban, but she was deemed too expensive to repair and was scrapped there by [[Sandock-Austral]] in late 1976.<ref>du Toit, pp. 196–97; English, p. 104</ref> |
The ship was placed in reserve from 1957, but was modernised at [[Naval Base Simon's Town|Simon's Town Naval Dockyard]] from 1962 to 1964, and re-commissioned on 27 February 1964. She was modernised according to a modified [[Type 16 frigate]] standard, her main armament became four [[QF 4-inch naval gun Mk XVI|4-inch guns Mk XVI]] in two twin positions and she was able to carry two [[Westland Wasp]] helicopters.<ref>Gardiner, Robert and Stephen Chumbley. ''Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995''. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1995. {{ISBN|1-55750-132-7}}. p.334</ref> ''Simon van der Stel'' remained in commission for just over a year as manpower shortages mandated that she be reduced back to reserve in March 1965. The ship was recommissioned on 17 June 1968 and was briefly assigned to the 10th Frigate Squadron until she was redesignated as a training ship on 1 October. ''Simon van der Stel'' visited [[Portuguese Mozambique]] later that month. In June 1969, she was ordered to proceed to [[Gough Island]] to search for two missing members (Jan Seyffert and Fanie Grobler) of the [[weather station]] there, but only found their bodies. The ship was replaced in her training role by her sister {{SAS|Jan van Riebeeck||2}} in 1972 and she was paid off on 27 March. ''Simon van der Stel'' was reactivated with a skeleton crew in early 1975 for a refit at Durban, but she was deemed too expensive to repair and was scrapped there by [[Sandock-Austral]] in late 1976.<ref>du Toit, pp. 196–97; English, p. 104</ref> |
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==Footnotes== |
==Footnotes== |
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==Publications== |
==Publications== |
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*{{ |
* {{Cite Colledge2006}} |
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*{{cite book|last1=Du Toit|first1=Allan| |
* {{cite book|last1=Du Toit|first1=Allan|author-link=Allan du Toit|title=South Africa's Fighting Ships: Past and Present|date=1992|publisher=Ashanti Publishing|location=Rivonia, South Africa|isbn=1-874800-50-2}} |
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*{{cite book|last1=English|first1=John|title=Obdurate to Daring: British Fleet Destroyers |
* {{cite book|last1=English|first1=John|title=Obdurate to Daring: British Fleet Destroyers 1941–1945|date=2008|publisher=World Ship Society|location=Windsor, UK|isbn=978-0-9560769-0-8}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Hobbs|first=David, Commander|title=The British Pacific Fleet: The Royal Navy's Most Powerful Strike Force|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2011|isbn=978-1-59114-044-3}} |
* {{cite book|last=Hobbs|first=David, Commander|title=The British Pacific Fleet: The Royal Navy's Most Powerful Strike Force|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2011|isbn=978-1-59114-044-3}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Lenton|first=H. T.|title=British & Empire Warships of the Second World War|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=1998|isbn=1-55750-048-7}} |
* {{cite book|last=Lenton|first=H. T.|title=British & Empire Warships of the Second World War|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=1998|isbn=1-55750-048-7}} |
||
* {{cite book |last=Raven |first=Alan |last2=Roberts|first2=John |title=War Built Destroyers: O to Z Classes|publisher=Bivouac Books |location=London |year=1978 |isbn=0-85680-010-4| |
* {{cite book |last=Raven |first=Alan |last2=Roberts|first2=John |title=War Built Destroyers: O to Z Classes|publisher=Bivouac Books |location=London |year=1978 |isbn=0-85680-010-4|name-list-style=amp}} |
||
*{{cite book|last=Rohwer|first=Jürgen|title=Chronology of the War at Sea |
* {{cite book|last=Rohwer|first=Jürgen|title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2005|edition=Third Revised|isbn=1-59114-119-2|author-link=Jürgen Rohwer}} |
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*Short, Victoria L. (2020). ''The Forgotten British Pacific Fleet: A Stoker's Log''. (the log book of Leslie Wilfred Dodge,1925-1993, a stoker on HMS ''Whelp''). |
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* {{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Destroyers of World War 2|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1988|isbn=0-87021-326-1|location=Annapolis, Maryland}} |
* {{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Destroyers of World War 2|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1988|isbn=0-87021-326-1|location=Annapolis, Maryland}} |
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* [http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DD-63W-Whelp.htm HMS ''Whelp'' on naval-history.net] |
* [http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DD-63W-Whelp.htm HMS ''Whelp'' on naval-history.net] |
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{{W and Z class destroyers}} |
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[[Category:W and Z-class destroyers]] |
[[Category:W and Z-class destroyers]] |
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[[Category:Ships built on the River Tyne]] |
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[[Category:1943 ships]] |
[[Category:1943 ships]] |
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[[Category:World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom]] |
[[Category:World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom]] |
Latest revision as of 12:56, 4 July 2024
![]() Whelp underway on the Tyne, 1944
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History | |
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![]() | |
Name | Whelp |
Ordered | 3 December 1941 |
Builder | Hawthorn Leslie and Company, Hebburn |
Laid down | 1 May 1942 |
Launched | 3 June 1943 |
Commissioned | 25 April 1944 |
Decommissioned | January 1946 |
Fate | Sold to the South African Navy, 25 April 1952 |
![]() | |
Name | SAS Simon van der Stel |
Namesake | Simon van der Stel |
Acquired | 25 April 1952 |
Commissioned | 20 March 1953 |
Out of service | 27 March 1972 |
Renamed | 20 March 1953 |
Reclassified | Converted into an anti-submarine frigate, 1962–64 |
Fate | Scrapped, 1976 |
General characteristics (as built) | |
Class and type | W-class destroyer |
Displacement |
|
Length | 362 ft 9 in (110.6 m) |
Beam | 35 ft 8 in (10.9 m) |
Draught | 14 ft 6 in (4.4 m) (deep load) |
Installed power |
|
Propulsion |
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Speed | 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph) |
Range | 4,675 nmi (8,658 km; 5,380 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) |
Complement | 179 |
Sensors and processing systems |
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Armament |
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HMS Whelp was one of eight W-class destroyers built for the Royal Navy during the Second World War. Completed in 1944, the ship spent most of the war assigned to the Eastern and Pacific Fleets. She screened British aircraft carriers as their aircraft attacked targets in the Japanese-occupied Nicobar Islands, the Dutch East Indies, Formosa and near Okinawa. Whelp was present at the Japanese surrender in Tokyo Bay in 1945 and later in Hong Kong. She was paid off in January 1946 and went into reserve.
Whelp was sold to the South African Navy (SAN) in 1952 and renamed Simon van der Stel. She was subsequently converted into a fast anti-submarine frigate in the early 1960s and served as a training ship from 1968 until 1972 when she went back into reserve. Simon van der Stel was recommissioned in 1975 for a refit, but that proved to be uneconomical and she was scrapped the following year.
Description
[edit]The W-class ships displaced 1,710 long tons (1,740 t) at standard load and 2,530 long tons (2,570 t) at deep load. They had an overall length of 362 feet 9 inches (110.6 m), a beam of 35 feet 8 inches (10.9 m) and a mean deep draught of 14 feet 6 inches (4.4 m). The ships were powered by a pair of Parsons geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by two Admiralty three-drum boilers. The turbines developed a total of 40,000 shaft horsepower (30,000 kW) which gave a maximum speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph). They carried 615 long tons (625 t) of fuel oil that gave them a range of 4,675 nautical miles (8,658 km; 5,380 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph). Their crew numbered 179 officers and ratings.[1]
The W-class destroyers were armed with four single 4.7-inch (120 mm) Mark IX guns, one quadruple mount for 2-pounder (40 mm) Mk II "pom-pom" anti-aircraft (AA) guns and eight Oerlikon 20 mm (0.8 in) light AA guns on twin mounts. They also were equipped with two quadruple mounts for 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes. For anti-submarine work, the ships were fitted with ASDIC and two rails and four throwers for 70 depth charges.[2] They were equipped with a Type 272 surface-search radar, Type 282 and 285 gunnery radars and a Type 291 early-warning radar.[1]
To better defend the ship against Japanese kamikaze suicide aircraft, Whelp had her searchlight replaced by a 40 mm (1.6 in) Bofors AA gun in mid-1944.[1] As part of her 1962–64 refit, the ship's aft torpedo tubes were removed to make room for a small flight deck and hangar for two Westland Wasp helicopters. A pair of Bofors guns were added, one on each side of the hangar, but these were later replaced by the originally intended pair of American 12.75-inch (324 mm) Mk 32 triple-barrelled anti-submarine torpedo tubes. The main guns were replaced by two twin-gun turrets fitted with 4-inch (102 mm) Mk XVI guns, one forward of the bridge and the other aft of the hangar. Her electronics were modernized as well although she retained the existing search radar. The changes increased her crew to 186–210 officers and ratings.[3]
Construction and career
[edit]British service
[edit]The W-class destroyers were ordered on 3 December 1941 and Whelp was laid down by Hawthorn Leslie and Company at their shipyard in Hebburn on 1 May 1942. The ship was launched on 3 June 1943 and completed on 14 July 1944.[1] Whelp was adopted by the London Borough of Wembley, using funds they had raised in Warship Week in 1942.[4]
She was initially assigned to the 3rd Destroyer Flotilla (DF) of the Home Fleet and was based in Scapa Flow. During her active service, her captain and first lieutenant were Commander G. A. F. Norfolk and Lieutenant His Royal Highness Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, the future Duke of Edinburgh. In mid-June, Whelp sailed to Spitsbergen to resupply the small Allied garrison there.[5][6] Whelp was then assigned to the 27th Destroyer Flotilla which left for the Far East on 2 August and arrived in Trincomalee, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), on 12 September.[7] En route, the ship covered the Allied invasion of Southern France (Operation Dragoon) in mid-August.[5]
By October, the 27th DF was assigned to the Eastern Fleet in the Indian Ocean and Whelp escorted the aircraft carriers Indomitable and Victorious while their aircraft attacked Nancowry harbour and other targets in the Nicobar Islands as part of Operation Millet. When the Eastern Fleet attempted to attack the oil refinery complex at Pangkalan Brandan, Sumatra, in mid-November, Whelp and her sister ship Wager escorted the oiler RFA Wave King. The British Pacific Fleet (BPF) was formed a few days afterwards and attacked the refinery at Belawan Deli during Operation Robson a month later, as the ship escorted the main body of the fleet. She did much the same during Operation Lentil, another attack on the refinery at Pangkalan Brandan at the beginning of January 1945. Whelp was then detached to tow the damaged submarine HMS Shakespeare to Trincomalee, arriving on 8 January. The BPF departed from the port eight days later, bound for Sydney, Australia. En route its aircraft attacked the refineries in Plaju and Sungai Gerong, Sumatra, on 24 and 29 January (Operation Meridian I & II) before arriving on 10 February.[8] Whelp rescued the crew of a crashed Grumman TBF Avenger, Sub-Lieutenant Roy Halliday and his gunner, Norman Richardson, during the second attack.[9]
On 28 February, the BPF sailed for their forward base at Manus Island and arrived on 7 March and exercised together before sailing for Ulithi on 18 March. The BPF joined the American Fifth Fleet there two days later to participate in the preliminary operations for the invasion of Okinawa. The British role during the operation was to neutralise airfields on the Sakishima Islands, between Okinawa and Formosa, beginning on 26 March. They later attacked airfields in Formosa before returning to the Sakishima Islands. The BPF retired to Leyte Gulf to rest and resupply on 17 April[10] and Whelp, together with Wager, was tasked to escort the badly damaged carrier Illustrious to Sydney on 3 May.[11] They arrived on 14 May and Whelp continued on to Melbourne to begin a refit that lasted until July.[7]
She rejoined the BPF at Sydney (now attached to the United States 3rd Fleet) and on 31 July escorted the battleship Duke of York to Guam, together with Wager, where they arrived on 9 August. Admiral Bruce Fraser, Commander-in-chief of the BPF, conferred with U.S. Admiral Chester Nimitz, the Commander-in-Chief Pacific Fleet Headquarters. The ships then proceeded to rendezvous with the main body of the fleet off the coast of Japan on the 16th. Whelp was the first Allied ship to enter Sagami Bay on 27 August, leading the way for Duke of York and the American battleships Iowa and Missouri. She was present at Tokyo for the formal surrender of the Japanese on 2 September. She left Tokyo on 9 September and, following an overnight stop at Okinawa on 11/12 September, arrived at Hong Kong with Admiral Fraser aboard. He accepted the surrender of the Japanese forces in Hong Kong on 16 September.[12]
Whelp was remained in Hong Kong and conducted anti-piracy patrols along the Chinese coast. On 12 November, the ship departed Hong Kong for Sydney, via Darwin, and arrived there on the 24th to begin a brief refit. She sailed for Britain on 7 December and arrived at Portsmouth on 17 January 1946. Whelp was paid off and was in Category B reserve by 30 May.[7][12] She was recommissioned on 9 August 1947 and refitted at Portsmouth Royal Dockyard in September–October preparation for the voyage to South Africa in company with her sisters, Kempenfelt, Wessex and Wrangler to form the South Atlantic Reserve Force in Simon's Town. Whelp was damaged while in dock on 8 September 1949. She was scheduled to be converted into a Type 62 air defence frigate, but this was cancelled when that programme was abandoned.[13]
South African service
[edit]Whelp was offered to South Africa in 1950, together with Wessex, but she was not purchased until 25 April 1952 for £420,000.[7] The ship was commissioned on 23 February 1953 and was renamed Simon van der Stel, after the first governor of Cape Colony. Much of the ship's service was as a "grey ambassador", on goodwill visits to Europe and the European colonies in Africa, including a 147-day cruise to Europe in 1954. This began on 14 July, when she departed Durban on what was the longest flag-showing cruise ever by an SAN warship. En route to Portsmouth, Simon van der Stel stopped in Freetown, Sierra Leone, and Dakar, French West Africa and arrived there on 31 July. Then she became the first SAN ship to visit, when the warship berthed in Rotterdam, Netherlands, Derry, Northern Ireland, and Glasgow, Scotland. On 21 October, the ship escorted SAS Gelderland (the former HMS Brayford, a new Ford-class seaward defence boat back home. On their way to Durban, the ships visited France, Portugal, the Canary Islands, Dakar, French West Africa, and French Equatorial Africa before arriving at their destination on 8 December, Simon van der Stel having steamed some 17,200 nautical miles (31,900 km; 19,800 mi).[14] This role, however, declined as South Africa became increasingly isolated during the apartheid years.[15]
The ship was placed in reserve from 1957, but was modernised at Simon's Town Naval Dockyard from 1962 to 1964, and re-commissioned on 27 February 1964. She was modernised according to a modified Type 16 frigate standard, her main armament became four 4-inch guns Mk XVI in two twin positions and she was able to carry two Westland Wasp helicopters.[16] Simon van der Stel remained in commission for just over a year as manpower shortages mandated that she be reduced back to reserve in March 1965. The ship was recommissioned on 17 June 1968 and was briefly assigned to the 10th Frigate Squadron until she was redesignated as a training ship on 1 October. Simon van der Stel visited Portuguese Mozambique later that month. In June 1969, she was ordered to proceed to Gough Island to search for two missing members (Jan Seyffert and Fanie Grobler) of the weather station there, but only found their bodies. The ship was replaced in her training role by her sister Jan van Riebeeck in 1972 and she was paid off on 27 March. Simon van der Stel was reactivated with a skeleton crew in early 1975 for a refit at Durban, but she was deemed too expensive to repair and was scrapped there by Sandock-Austral in late 1976.[17]
Footnotes
[edit]- ^ a b c d Lenton, p. 178
- ^ Raven & Roberts, pp. 48–49
- ^ du Toit, pp. 196, 199
- ^ "Wembley, London Borough of Brent". www.brent-heritage.co.uk. Archived from the original on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ a b Gatrell, Anthony (2004). "HMS Whelp: Reminiscences of a Young Naval Officer". WW2 People's War. BBC. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
- ^ "The Duke of Edinburgh - Naval career". The Official Website of the British Monarchy. 2009. Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ^ a b c d English, p. 103
- ^ English, p. 103; Hobbs, pp. 57, 61, 64, 73, 241; Rohwer, pp. 373, 377, 388
- ^ "A Right Royal Rescue - BBC Radio 4". BBC. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
- ^ Hobbs, pp. 126–51; Rohwer, p. 402
- ^ McCart, pp. 30, 32
- ^ a b Stonebridge, W J (11 January 2005). "HMS Whelp: Memories of a Young Stoker, Pt. 7". WW2 People's War. BBC. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
- ^ du Toit, p. 195; English, pp. 101–03
- ^ du Toit, pp. 195–96, 200
- ^ "Unlikely Ambassadors". South African Navy. 9 February 2010. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
- ^ Gardiner, Robert and Stephen Chumbley. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1995. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. p.334
- ^ du Toit, pp. 196–97; English, p. 104
Publications
[edit]- Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
- Du Toit, Allan (1992). South Africa's Fighting Ships: Past and Present. Rivonia, South Africa: Ashanti Publishing. ISBN 1-874800-50-2.
- English, John (2008). Obdurate to Daring: British Fleet Destroyers 1941–1945. Windsor, UK: World Ship Society. ISBN 978-0-9560769-0-8.
- Hobbs, David, Commander (2011). The British Pacific Fleet: The Royal Navy's Most Powerful Strike Force. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-044-3.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Lenton, H. T. (1998). British & Empire Warships of the Second World War. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-048-7.
- Raven, Alan & Roberts, John (1978). War Built Destroyers: O to Z Classes. London: Bivouac Books. ISBN 0-85680-010-4.
- Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2.
- Short, Victoria L. (2020). The Forgotten British Pacific Fleet: A Stoker's Log. (the log book of Leslie Wilfred Dodge,1925-1993, a stoker on HMS Whelp).
- Whitley, M. J. (1988). Destroyers of World War 2. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-326-1.
External links
[edit]