Hook above
◌̉ | |
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Hook above | |
U+0309 ̉ COMBINING HOOK ABOVE |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Alexandre_de_Rhodes_-_Dictionarium_Annamiticum_%281651%29_-_c.34_-_cropped_on_b%C3%AD_and_b%E1%BB%89.png/220px-Alexandre_de_Rhodes_-_Dictionarium_Annamiticum_%281651%29_-_c.34_-_cropped_on_b%C3%AD_and_b%E1%BB%89.png)
In typesetting, the hook above (Vietnamese: dấu hỏi) is a diacritic mark placed on top of vowels in the Vietnamese alphabet. In shape it looks like a tiny question mark without the dot underneath, or a tiny glottal stop (ʔ). For example, a capital A with a hook is "Ả", and a lower case "u" with a hook is "ủ". The hook is usually written to the right of the circumflex in conventional Vietnamese orthography. If Vietnamese characters are unavailable, it is often replaced by a question mark after the vowel (VIQR encoding).
This diacritic functions as a tone marker, indicating a "mid falling" tone (hỏi): which is "dipping" (˨˩˥) in Southern Vietnamese or "falling" (˧˩) in Northern Vietnamese; see Vietnamese language § Regional variation: Tones. The Southern "dipping" tone is similar to the questioning intonation in English.
The hook above can be used as a tone marker, but is not regarded as part of the alphabet.
Letters with hook above
Unicode
Apart from precomposed characters, in multiple scripts, the combining diacritical mark is encoded at U+0309 ̉ COMBINING HOOK ABOVE
See also
- Horn (diacritic) (dấu móc)
- Hook (diacritic)
External links