1995 in spaceflight
Appearance
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Orbital launches | |
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First | 11 January |
Last | 24 December |
Total | 80 |
Successes | 72 |
Failures | 5 |
Partial failures | 3 |
Catalogued | 74 |
National firsts | |
Satellite | ![]() ![]() |
Rockets | |
Maiden flights | Athena I Conestoga Delta II 7920 Long March 1D Volna Shavit 1 |
Retirements | Atlas E/F Conestoga Long March 2E Mu-3SII Soyuz-U2 |
Crewed flights | |
Orbital | 9 |
Total travellers | 48 |
This article outlines notable events occurring in 1995 in spaceflight, including major launches and EVAs.
First Shuttle-Mir mission
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Orbital launches
Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||
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Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) |
Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||
Remarks | |||||||
January | |||||||
10 January 06:18 |
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Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
15 January 13:45 |
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ISAS | Low Earth | Material research | 15 January | Failure | ||
Final flight of Mu-3SII Second stage control malfunction, decayed from orbit shortly after launch over Ghana; Spacecraft intended to be recovered | |||||||
24 January 03:54 |
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MO RF | Low Earth (Polar) | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
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SSC | Low Earth (Polar) | Auroral research | 27 September | Successful | ||
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FAI | Low Earth (Polar) | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
25 January 22:40 |
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APT | Intended: Geosynchronous | Communications | 25 January | Launch Failure | ||
Windshear caused the collapse of the payload fairing and a guidance error caused the launch vehicle to explode; 20-120 ground casualties | |||||||
29 January 06:18 |
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US Navy | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
February | |||||||
3 February 05:22 |
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NASA | Low Earth (Mir) | Shuttle-Mir flight | 11 February 11:51 |
Successful | ||
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NASA/SpaceHab | Low Earth (Discovery) | Scientific research | ||||
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NRL | Low Earth | Ultraviolet astronomy | ||||
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NASA | Low Earth | Laser calibration | 9 March 1996 | Successful | ||
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NASA | Low Earth | Laser calibration | 28 August | Successful | ||
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NASA | Low Earth | Laser calibration | 7 February 1996 | Successful | ||
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NASA | Low Earth | Laser calibration | 2 March | Successful | ||
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NASA | Low Earth | Laser calibration | 27 February | Successful | ||
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NASA | Low Earth | Laser calibration | 20 February | Successful | ||
Crewed orbital flight with six astronauts; First Shuttle-Mir flight (rendezvous only, no docking) ODERACS deployed on 4 February | |||||||
15 February 16:48 |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (Mir) | Logistics | 15 March 06:15 |
Successful | ||
16 February 17:39 |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth | Microgravity research | 3 March | Successful | ||
March | |||||||
2 March 06:38 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Astronomy | 18 March 21:48 |
Successful | ||
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NASA | Low Earth (Endeavour) | ASTRO-2 | ||||
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NASA | Low Earth (Endeavour) | Cryogenic mission extension pallet | ||||
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts | |||||||
2 March 13:00 |
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MO RF | Low Earth | Laser calibration | 30 October 2000 | Successful | ||
7 March 09:23 |
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MOM | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful | ||
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MOM | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful | ||
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MOM | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful | ||
14 March 06:11 |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (Mir) | Mir EO-18 | 11 September 06:52 |
Successful | ||
Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts including the first American to fly on a Russian rocket | |||||||
18 March 08:01 |
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NASDA | Low Earth | Materials research | 20 January 1996 07:42 |
Successful | ||
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NASDA | Low Earth | Weather satellite | In orbit | Operational | ||
Space Flyer Unit retrieved by Space Shuttle Endeavour during STS-72 in January 1996 | |||||||
22 March 04:09 |
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MO RF | Low Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
22 March 06:18 |
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Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
22 March 16:44 |
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MOM | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 31 May | Successful | ||
24 March 14:05 |
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US Air Force/NOAA | Sun-synchronous | Meteorology | 3 February 2015 | Successful | ||
Final flight of Atlas E and 1.5 stage-to-orbit configuration of Atlas rocket Satellite exploded on 3 February 2015, leaving at least 47 tracked pieces of debris.[2] | |||||||
28 March 10:00 |
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Technion | Intended: Low Earth | Amateur radio | 28 March | Launch Failure | ||
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Intended: Low Earth | Boilerplate for vehicle evaluation | |||||
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UNAM/AMSAT | Intended: Low Earth | Amateur radio | ||||
Failed to orbit, crashed into the Sea of Okhotsk | |||||||
28 March 23:14 |
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Telebrás | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
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Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
April | |||||||
3 April 13:48 |
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Orbcomm | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
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Orbcomm | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
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Orbimage | Low Earth | Earth observation | In orbit | Successful | ||
5 April 11:16 |
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IAI | Low Earth (retrograde) | Reconnaissance | 24 October 2000 | Successful | ||
7 April 21:47 |
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AMSC | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
9 April 19:34 |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (Mir) | Logistics | 23 May 03:27 |
Successful | ||
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Low Earth | Laser calibration | 23 June 1999 | Successful | |||
GFZ deployed from Mir on 19 April | |||||||
21 April 01:44 |
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ESA | Sun-synchronous | Remote sensing | 21 February 2024 17:17[3] |
Successful | ||
May | |||||||
14 May 13:45 |
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NRO | Geosynchronous | SIGINT | In orbit | Operational | ||
17 May 06:34 |
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Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
20 May 03:33 |
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Roskosmos/NASA | Low Earth (Mir) | Mir module | 23 March 2001 05:50 |
Successful | ||
Heavily damaged in collision with Progress M-34 on 25 June 1997 | |||||||
23 May 05:52 |
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NOAA | Current: Graveyard Operational: Geosynchronous |
Meteorology | In orbit | Successful | ||
Retired on 14 June 2007 | |||||||
24 May 20:10 |
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MOM | Molniya | Early warning | In orbit | Successful | ||
31 May 15:27 |
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US Navy | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
June | |||||||
8 June 04:43 |
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MO RF | Low Earth | SIGINT | 11 July 1997 | Successful | ||
10 June 00:24 |
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DirecTV | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
22 June 19:58 |
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US Air Force | Intended: Low Earth | Technology development | 22 June | Launch Failure | ||
Second stage malfunction, destroyed by range safety | |||||||
27 June 19:32 |
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NASA | Low Earth (Mir) | Shuttle-Mir flight | 7 July 14:55 |
Successful | ||
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NASA | Low Earth (Atlantis) | Medical research | ||||
Crewed orbital flight launching with seven and landing with eight astronauts First Shuttle-Mir docking, exchanged Mir EO-18 for EO-19 (first space station crew exchange using a Space Shuttle) | |||||||
28 June 18:25 |
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MOM | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 6 September | Successful | ||
July | |||||||
5 July 03:09 |
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MO RF | Low Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
7 July 16:23 |
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CNES | Sun-synchronous | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
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CNES | Sun-synchronous | Radiation research | In orbit | Operational | ||
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UPM | Sun-synchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
10 July 12:38 |
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NRO | Molniya | ELINT | In orbit | Operational | ||
13 July 13:41 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Satellite deployment | 22 July 12:02 |
Successful | ||
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NASA | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts TDRS deployed on 13 July using an Inertial Upper Stage | |||||||
20 July 03:04 |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (Mir) | Logistics | 4 September 08:58 |
Successful | ||
24 July 15:52 |
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MOM | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
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MOM | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
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MOM | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful | ||
31 July 23:30 |
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US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful[4] | ||
August | |||||||
2 August 23:59 |
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Roskosmos | High Earth (elliptical) | Magnetospheric research | 16 October 2000 | Successful | ||
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High Earth (elliptical) | Magnetospheric research | 16 October 2000 | Successful | |||
Magion 4 was the first Czech (post Czechoslovakian) satellite | |||||||
3 August 22:58 |
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PanAmSat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
5 August 11:10 |
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Korea Telecom | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Partial Failure | ||
SRM malfunction resulted in incorrect orbit which was corrected using the satellite's own engines at the expense of half of the expected lifespan of the satellite | |||||||
9 August 23:59 |
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MOM | Molniya | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
15 August 22:30 |
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VITA | Intended: Low Earth | Communications | +160 seconds | Launch Failure | ||
Maiden flight of Athena I and first launch from SLC-6 Destroyed by range safety after loss of control system | |||||||
29 August 00:53 |
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JSAT | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
29 August 06:41 |
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NTT | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
30 August 19:33 |
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MOM | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
31 August 06:49 |
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NKAU | Low Earth | Remote sensing | In orbit | Operational | ||
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FACH | Low Earth | Technology development | In orbit | Partial Failure | ||
Sich 1 was the first Ukrainian satellite; FASat-Alfa intended to be the first Chilean satellite and failed to separate from Sich 1 | |||||||
September | |||||||
3 September 09:00 |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (Mir) | Mir EO-20 | 29 February 1996 10:42 |
Successful | ||
Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts Final flight of Soyuz-U2 | |||||||
7 September 15:09 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Microgravity research | 16 September 11:38 |
Successful | ||
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NASA | Low Earth | Solar research | ||||
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NASA | Low Earth | Materials research | ||||
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ESA | Low Earth (Endeavour) | Ultraviolet astronomy | ||||
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts SPARTAN deployed on 8 September and retrieved on 10 September; WSF deployed on 7 September and retrieved on 14 September | |||||||
24 September 00:06 |
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AT&T | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
Power failure on 19 September 2003 resulted in loss of satellite | |||||||
26 September 11:20 |
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MOM | Low Earth | Resource location | 26 October | Successful | ||
29 September 04:25 |
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MOM | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 28 September 1996 | Successful | ||
October | |||||||
6 October 03:23 |
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MO RF | Low Earth | Navigation | 21 August 1997 | Partial Failure | ||
Second stage malfunction, placed in useless orbit | |||||||
8 October 18:50 |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (Mir) | Logistics | 19 December 16:15 |
Successful | ||
11 October 16:26 |
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MOM | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
Retired on 1 June 1999 | |||||||
19 October 00:38 |
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SES Astra | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
20 October 13:53 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Microgravity research | 5 November 11:46 |
Successful | ||
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NASA | Low Earth (Columbia) | Spacelab USML-2 | ||||
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NASA | Low Earth (Columbia) | Cryogenic mission extension pallet | ||||
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts | |||||||
22 October 08:00 |
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US Navy | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
23 October 22:03 |
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METEOR | Intended: Low Earth | Microgravity research | + 46 seconds | Launch Failure | |||
Self-destruct activated after loss of control | |||||||
31 October 20:19 |
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MO RF | Low Earth | SIGINT | In orbit | Operational | ||
November | |||||||
4 November 14:22 |
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CSA | Sun-synchronous | Earth imaging | In orbit | Operational | ||
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NASA | Sun-synchronous | Test DSN | In orbit | Successful | ||
Maiden flight of Delta II 7920 and first Delta II launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base | |||||||
6 November 05:51 |
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US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
12 November 12:30 |
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NASA | Low Earth (Mir) | Shuttle-Mir flight | 20 November 17:02 |
Successful | ||
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Roskosmos/NASA | Low Earth (Mir) | Mir module | 23 March 2001 05:50 |
Successful | ||
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts | |||||||
17 November 01:20 |
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ESA | High Earth (elliptical) | Infrared astronomy | In orbit | Successful | ||
Retired on 16 May 1998 | |||||||
17 November 14:25 |
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MOM | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
28 November 11:30 |
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AsiaSat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
December | |||||||
2 December 08:08 |
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ESA/NASA | Earth-Sun L1 point | Solar research | In orbit | Operational | ||
5 December 21:18 |
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NRO | Sun-synchronous | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
6 December 23:23 |
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France Télécom | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
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ISRO | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
14 December 06:10 |
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MOM | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
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MOM | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
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MOM | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
15 December 00:23 |
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PanAmSat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Spacecraft failure | ||
Failed March 2006 | |||||||
18 December 14:31 |
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Roskosmos | Low Earth (Mir) | Logistics | 22 February 1996 11:02 |
Successful | ||
20 December 00:52 |
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MO RF | Low Earth | SIGINT | 8 November 1997 | Successful | ||
28 December 06:45 |
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ISRO | Low Earth | Remote sensing | In orbit | Successful | ||
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Utah State | Low Earth | Aerobraking experiment | In orbit | Spacecraft failure | ||
Skipper suffered a solar array malfunction | |||||||
28 December 11:50 |
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EchoStar | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
Final flight of Long March 2E | |||||||
30 December 13:48 |
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NASA | Low Earth | X-ray astronomy | 30 April 2018 | Successful |
Suborbital launches
Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||
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Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) |
Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||
Remarks | |||||||
January-March | |||||||
19 January | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 19 January | Successful | |||
19 January | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 19 January | Successful | |||
19 January 20:01 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 19 January | Successful | |||
23 January 12:30 |
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ISAS | Suborbital | Infrared astronomy | 23 January | Successful | |||
25 January 03:54 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 25 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: 1,453 kilometres (903 mi). Launch led to Norwegian rocket incident; Russia briefly mistook the launch as a potential nuclear attack despite receiving prior notice of the launch. | |||||||
28 January 16:00 |
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ISAS | Suborbital | Ultraviolet astronomy | 28 January | Successful | |||
1 February | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 1 February | Successful | ||
2 February 15:27 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 2 February | Successful | |||
2 February 15:51 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 2 February | Successful | |||
7 February | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Target | 7 February | Successful | ||
12 February | ![]() |
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BMDO | Suborbital | Target | 7 February | Successful | ||
14 February | ![]() |
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Suborbital | Missile test | 14 February | Successful | ||||
24 February 10:21 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Auroral research | 24 February | Successful | ||
4 March | ![]() |
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BMDO | Suborbital | Target | 4 March | Successful | ||
6 March | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 6 March | Successful | |||
6 March | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 6 March | Successful | |||
6 March | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 6 March | Successful | |||
14 March | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 March | Successful | |||
14 March | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 March | Successful | |||
15 March 20:21 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Test rocket | 15 March | Successful | |||
17 March | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 17 March | Successful | ||
19 March 15:00 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 19 March | Successful | ||
21 March 19:11 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 21 March | Successful | ||
25 March 08:55 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 25 March | Successful | |||
27 March 15:40 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Astronomy | 27 March | Successful | ||
28 March | ![]() |
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BMDO | Suborbital | Target | 28 March | Successful | ||
April-June | |||||||
1 April 09:33 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 1 April | Successful | |||
9 April | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 April | Successful | |||
9 April | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 April | Successful | |||
14 April 11:30 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 April | Successful | |||
15 April 10:07 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 15 April | Successful | |||
18 April 18:00 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Solar research | 18 April | Successful | |||
21 April 15:04 |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 21 April | Successful | |||
Maiden flight of THAAD | |||||||
24 April | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 24 April | Successful | |||
Maiden flight of Hera | |||||||
29 April 05:55 |
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DLR | Suborbital | Microgravity research | 29 April | Successful | ||
2 May 05:55 |
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DLR | Suborbital | Microgravity research | 2 May | Successful | ||
15 May 18:00 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Solar research | 15 May | Successful | ||
22 May 07:05 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Astronomy | 22 May | Successful | |||
29 May | ![]() |
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CASC | Suborbital | Test flight | 29 May | Successful | |||
Maiden flight of Long March 1D | |||||||
6 June 22:00 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 6 June | Successful | |||
6 June 22:10 |
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ZARM | Suborbital | Test flight | 6 June | Successful | ||
Maiden flight of Volna | |||||||
8 June 12:45 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 June | Successful | |||
14 June | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 June | Successful | |||
26 June | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Target | 26 June | Failure | ||
29 June | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Target | 29 June | Successful | ||
30 June 18:00 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Test rocket | 30 June | Successful | |||
July-September | |||||||
24 July 22:30 |
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Royal Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 24 July | Successful | |||
First missile launch from HMS Victorious | |||||||
26 July 09:33 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 26 July | Successful | |||
31 July | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 31 July | Successful | |||
July | ![]() |
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Suborbital | Missile test | +15 minutes | Successful | ||||
8 August 08:20 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 8 August | Successful | |||
16 August | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | GPS targeting | 16 August | Successful | ||
16 August | ![]() |
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ISRO | Suborbital | Test rocket | 16 August | Successful | |||
22 August | ![]() |
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Royal Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 August | Successful | |||
24 August 20:00 |
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NASDA | Suborbital | Microgravity research | 24 August | Successful | |||
25 August | ![]() |
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Russian Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 25 August | Successful | |||
28 August 17:30 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Test rocket | 28 August | Successful | |||
30 August | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 August | Successful | |||
2 September 01:13 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 2 September | Successful | ||
5 September 07:50 |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 5 September | Successful | |||
12 September 18:05 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Solar research | 12 September | Successful | |||
17 September 07:30 |
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ISAS | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 17 September | Failure | |||
October-December | |||||||
2 October | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Target | 2 October | Successful | |||
10 October | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 10 October | Successful | |||
13 October | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | ABM target | 13 October | Successful | ||
13 October | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | ABM test | 13 October | Successful | |||
25 October 13:13 |
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NASA | Suborbital | X-ray astronomy | 25 October | Successful | |||
28 October 18:00 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Astronomy | 28 October | Successful | |||
29 October | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 29 October | Successful | |||
2 November | ![]() |
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RVSN | Suborbital | Test re-entry vehicle | 2 November | Successful | ||
5 November 16:14 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Astronomy | 5 November | Successful | |||
7 November 06:38 |
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CSA | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 7 November | Successful | ||
10 November | ![]() |
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Suborbital | Missile test | 10 November | Successful | ||||
14 November 17:04 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Astronomy | 14 November | Successful | |||
19 November 15:30 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Astronomy | 19 November | Successful | |||
20 November 17:00 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Astronomy | 20 November | Successful | |||
24 November 14:00 |
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NASA | Ionospheric research | 24 November | Successful | ||||
27 November 08:03 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 27 November | Successful | |||
27 November 08:07 |
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NASA | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 27 November | Successful | |||
28 November 09:42 |
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DLR | Suborbital | Microgravity research | 28 November | Successful | |||
4 December 11:20 |
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NASA | Suborbital | X-ray astronomy | 4 December | Successful | |||
7 December | ![]() |
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US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 December | Successful | |||
13 December | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | ABM target | 13 December | Successful | ||
13 December | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | ABM test | 13 December | Successful |
Deep Space Rendezvous
Date (GMT) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
7 December | Galileo | First impact of spacecraft to Jupiter - subprobe descent through the Jovian atmosphere | |
8 December | Galileo | First orbiter of Jupiter - jovian orbit insertion | |
no date | Ulysses | Pass over solar north pole |
EVAs
Start Date/Time | Duration | End Time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
9 February 11:56 |
4 hours 39 minutes |
16:35 | STS-63 Discovery |
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Conducted a test of moving large mass objects and tested the effectiveness of the new spacesuit temperature control underwear by being lofted outside the payload bay by the RMS.[5] |
12 May 04:20 |
6 hours 15 minutes |
10:35 | Mir EO-18 Kvant-2 |
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Made preparations for the arrival of the Spektr module. Installed some electrical cable attachments, adjusted solar array actuators, and practiced folding the Kristall solar arrays for the future move to Kvant-1.[6] |
17 May 02:38 |
6 hours 42 minutes |
09:20 | Mir EO-18 Kvant-2 |
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Moved the solar arrays from Kristall to Kvant-1. Their suits ran low on oxygen before they were able to re-install the arrays on Kvant-1.[6] |
22 May 00:10 |
5 hours 15 minutes |
05:25 | Mir EO-18 Kvant-2 |
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Completed installation of the relocated solar array on Kvant-1. Also retracted some solar panels to prepare for moving Kristall.[6] |
28 May 22:22 |
21 minutes | 22:43 | Mir EO-18 base block |
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Conducting a spacewalk inside the transfer compartment of the Mir base block Dezhurov and Strekalov relocated a docking cone from the -X port to the -Z port. |
1 June 22:05 |
23 minutes | 22:28 | Mir EO-18 base block |
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Again working from the depressurized base block transfer compartment, Dezhurov and Strekalov prepared to move the recently arrived Spektr module by relocating a docking cone from the -Z port to the -Y port. |
14 July 03:56 |
5 hours 34 minutes |
09:30 | Mir EO-19 Kvant-2 |
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Used the Strela boom to move to the Spektr module and freed the stuck solar array. Also inspected the -Z docking port and found it to be undamaged. |
19 July 00:39 |
3 hours 8 minutes |
03:47 | Mir EO-19 Kvant-2 |
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Solovyev had problems with his Orlan-DMA spacesuit cooling system, and had to stay tethered to an umbilical at Kvant-2. Budarin was able work his way to the far end of Spektr and do some preparations for the installation of the Mir infrared spectrometer (MIRAS). He also collected the American TREK cosmic ray panel that had been installed on Kvant-2 since 1991. |
21 July 00:28 |
5 hours 50 minutes |
06:18 | Mir EO-19 Kvant-2 |
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Used the Strela boom to reach the Spektr module, where they completed the installation of MIRAS. |
16 September 08:20 |
6 hours 46 minutes |
15:06 | STS-69 Endeavour |
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Installed thermal instruments on the apparatus in the payload bay. Also tested redesigned spacesuit helmet lights and spacesuit heaters.[7] |
20 October 11:50 |
5 hours 16 minutes |
17:06 | Mir EO-20 Kvant-2 |
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Used the Strela boom to move to the Spektr module and installed several experiments on the European Space Exposure Facility. Reiter became the first ESA cosmonaut and German to complete an EVA. |
8 December 19:23 |
29 minutes | 19:52 | Mir EO-20 base block |
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From inside the depressurized base block transfer compartment, Avdeyev and Gidzenko moved the Konus docking cone from the -Z port to the +Z port. |
References
- Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
- Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
- Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link]
- Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
- Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
- Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
- Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
- Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
- Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
- "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
- "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
- "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[dead link]
- "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link]
- "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
Footnotes
- ^ "H-II". astronautix.com. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
- ^ "20-Year-Old Military Weather Satellite Apparently Exploded in Orbit". Space.com. 2 March 2015. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
- ^ Jonathan McDowell [@planet4589] (21 February 2024). "ESA ERS-2 satellite reentry on a track from Alaska to the Pacific confirmed: Space-Track gives 151.9W 37.4N over the Pacific at 1717 UTC. NOAA radar data taken 1842 UTC shows an upper-atmosphere debris trail extending S from the Alaska coast near 144W 59.5N" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ Gibson, Hillary (14 December 2022). "SpOC officially retires DSCS satellite". Space Operations Command. United States Space Force. Archived from the original on 2 January 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ Dumouline, Jim (2001). "sts-63-patch STS-63 (67)". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived from the original on 20 March 2009. Retrieved 5 March 2009.
- ^ a b c McDonald, Sue (December 1998). "Mir Mission Chronicle" (PDF). NASA. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ Dudoulin, Jim (2001). "STS-69 Day 9 Highlights". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived from the original on 21 March 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2009.