Pacheco Pass
| Pacheco Pass | |
|---|---|
 Coming over the pass eastbound on CA 152 | |
| Elevation | 1,368 ft (417 m) |
| Traversed by |  SR 152 |
| Location | Santa Clara County, California, U.S. |
| Range | California Coast Ranges |
| Coordinates | 37°3′59″N 121°13′7″W / 37.06639°N 121.21861°W |
| Reference no. | 829[1] |
Pacheco Pass, elevation 1,368 ft (417 m), is a low mountain pass located in the Diablo Range in southeastern Santa Clara County, California. It is the main route through the hills separating the Santa Clara Valley and the Central Valley.
As with most passes in the California Coast Ranges, it is not very high when compared to those in other mountain areas within the state. The road that traverses Pacheco Pass is State Route 152, which runs for 106 miles (171 km) between SR 1 in Watsonville and SR 99. Pacheco Pass Road, the western section between Gilroy and the pass itself (a distance of approximately 14 miles), is a two-lane highway from Gilroy to the junction with SR 156 and a four-lane highway over the pass.
Names
The pass was named for Francisco Perez Pacheco of the Rancho Ausaymas y San Felipe.[2] In the 1850s, an informal variant name for the pass was Robber's Pass attributed to the frequent hold-ups experienced by travelers using the route.[3]
History
A trail nearby, through what is now Pacheco State Park, was used by the Yokuts people to cross the mountains and trade with other native people on the coast.[4] Spanish army officer Gabriel Moraga first recorded the pass in 1805.[1] From that time it was used by Spanish and later Mexican soldiers to cross over into the San Joaquin Valley, and for Native Americans in the 1820s and 1830s to cross westward to raid the missions and ranchos for horses and cattle. During the California Gold Rush it was used to travel between the Santa Clara Valley settlements and the goldfields and settlements in the San Joaquin Valley. However the east face of the pass was a steep and rough horse and mule trail, difficult for wheeled vehicles, until 1857 when Andrew D. Firebaugh built a wagon road with a gentler grade across the pass to what is now Bell Station, California from the Rancho San Luis Gonzaga at the foot of the Diablo Range to the east. Since then, it has been a major route between the Santa Clara Valley and the Central Valley. It was the site of Pacheco Pass Station one of the stage stations on the route of the Butterfield Overland Mail stagecoach route which connected the Saint Louis, Missouri with San Francisco from 1858 until 1861.[5] Other stage lines used the route thereafter until completion of the railroads within the state.
Pacheco Pass is registered as California Historical Landmark #829.[1]
Nearby features
There are no major communities between Gilroy in the Santa Clara Valley and Los Banos in the Central Valley. There are no other major crossings of the Diablo range farther south until they are crossed again by California State Route 198 at an unnamed pass some 75 miles (121 km) to the south. The next highway crossing of the range to the north is on California State Route 130 over Mount Hamilton, approximately 20 miles (32 km) to the north, but this is much less heavily used than the Altamont Pass even farther north.
On the west side of the pass lies Casa de Fruta, an extensive trading post in the valley of Pacheco Creek.[6] Originally a site devoted to selling locally produced fruit and nuts to travelers, Casa de Fruta has expanded to include a delicatessen, truckstop, RV park, and other facilities. A rural locale named Bell Station also lies along the route, between Casa de Fruta and the pass.
On the eastern slope of the pass lies the San Luis Reservoir, which stores water for the Central Valley Project and the California State Water Project.[7] The San Luis Reservoir and O'Neill Forebay operate as a pumped storage hydroelectric plant.[7] The roadway entrances to the San Luis Reservoir state recreational area and Pacheco State Park require caution entering or exiting because there are no stop signs or traffic lights and two lanes of heavy traffic in each direction.
Pacheco State Park extends to the south of the pass from its entrance on Dinosaur Point Road near the pass.[8] There is a small windfarm located at the top of the pass that can be seen from Dinosaur Point Road.
The Pacheco Pass American Viticultural Area is nearby.[9]
California High-Speed Rail
Pacheco Pass has been selected as the route that the California High-Speed Rail will take between the Bay Area and the Central Valley.[10][11] The rail line is planned to travel under the pass in the 13-mile Pacheco Pass Tunnel, which upon completion are expected to become North America's longest rail tunnels.[12][13]
See also
References
- ^ a b c "Pacheco Pass". Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks. Retrieved 2012-10-09.
- ^ Rehart, Catherine Morison (2000), "Francisco Pacheco", Valleys Legends & Legacies III, Quill Driver Books, p. 160, ISBN 9781884995187.
- ^ Shumate, Albert (1977), Francisco Pacheco of Pacheco Pass, University of the Pacific.
- ^ Rodebaugh, Dale (May 24, 1996), "Heiress' ancestral landholds become a Northern California state park", San Jose Mercury-News, archived from the original on March 29, 2015.
- ^ "California – Interesting from Washington Territory – Progress of the Indian War. Arrival of the Overland Mail Itinerary of the Route" (PDF). The New York Times. October 14, 1858. Retrieved 2012-09-09.
- ^ "Gourmet Dried Fruit, Chocolate Covered Fruit, Gift Baskets, Healthy Fruit, Pomegranate Wine, Mesquite Flour at Casa de Fruta". Retrieved 2012-09-09.
- ^ a b "Station Meta Data: San Luis Reservoir (Federal)". Retrieved 2012-09-09.
- ^ Pacheco State Park
- ^ Appellation America (2007). "Pacheco Pass (AVA): Appellation Description". Retrieved Jan. 24, 2008.
- ^ Nelson, Erik N. (December 20, 2007), "Rail authority likes Pacheco train route", Oakland Tribune, archived from the original on March 29, 2015.
- ^ Sheehan, Tim (2014-07-24). "Appellate court upholds environmental work for high-speed rail via Pacheco Pass". Fresno Bee. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
- ^ Meacham, Jody (2017-06-14). "What's under Pacheco Pass and what's it mean for California high-speed rail?". Silicon Valley Business Journal. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
- ^ Meachan, Jody (2017-01-30). "High-speed rail considers 2 record-setting options for Pacheco Pass tunnel". Silicon Valley Business Journal. Retrieved 2017-08-27.