Battle of Guayacanas

Battle of Guayacanas
	Part of the Banana Wars
	Guayacanas Battle of Guayacanas (the Dominican Republic)
Date	3 July 1916
Location	Santiago, Dominican Republic
Result	American victory
Belligerents
United States	Dominican Republic
Commanders and leaders
Holland Smith; Joseph A. Glowin	Desiderio Arias
Strength
800 marines; 2+ machine guns	80 militia
Casualties and losses
2 killed; 10 wounded	27 killed; 5 captured

The Battle of Guayacanas was fought on 3 July 1916 between Dominican rebels and the United States during the United States occupation of the Dominican Republic. The Dominicans dug trenches on two hills blocking passage to Santiago and kept up single-shot fire against the automatic weapons of the Americans before the Americans drove them off.^[1] Joseph A. Glowin, a corporal, was awarded the Medal of Honor for his bravery during the action.^[3]

Background

Triggered by concerns about possible German use of the Dominican Republic as a base for attacks on the United States during World War I,^[4] the US Government began a military occupation and administration of that country in 1916.^[5] Poorly armed Dominican rebels tried to take on US troops in conventional battles. The first battle occurred at "Las Trincheras" (the trenches), a defensive position that the Dominicans called "Verdun."^[1] The Marines used field artillery to bomb the trenches, machine guns positioned behind the troops to suppress the rifle fire of the rebels, and then quick bayonet rushes to rout the rebels from the trenches.^[6] The Marines sustained five dead.^[2] They found no dead or weapons in the trenches but later discovered five rebel bodies in the nearby woods.

Battle

The Americans marched on Santiago City, a hotbed for the resistance. Colonel Pendelton's unit came under fire from Dominican soldiers and battle began. However, the Americans advancing on the Dominican positions did not record any injuries during the initial action. To aid the US Marines under fire, Cpl. Glowin fired his machine-gun and was only pulled out of battle when forced to, a brave action that decorated him with the USA's greatest military award the Medal of Honor.^[7] After his evacuation, Sergeant Roswell Winans brought up more machine-gun positions to fight off the enemy. This gave the Dominicans more targets to fire at. The captain in charge of the pit was killed and the others wounded. Winans was awarded a medal as well, for firing a Colt machine-gun at the enemy even when it was jammed. Soon, two more gun positions were formed and the Dominicans fled. The 27th and 29th divisions gave chase and killed the enemy commander, routing the Dominican rebels.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c McPherson, Alan (2014). The Invaded: How Latin Americans and Their Allies Fought and Ended U.S. Occupations. p. 41.
^ ^a ^b Fredriksen, John C (2011). The United States Marine Corps: A Chronology, 1775 to the Present. ABC-CLIO. p. 76. ISBN 978-1-59884-542-6.
^ Langley, Lester D. (1983), The Banana Wars: An Inner History of American Empire, 1900-1934, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, ISBN 0-8131-1496-9
^ "Dominican Republic, 1916-1924".
^ Ayres, Thomas (2008). A Military Miscellany: From Bunker Hill to Baghdad: Important, Uncommon, and Sometimes Forgotten Facts,Lists, and Stories from America#s Military History. Random House Publishing Group. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-307-48825-1.
^ Bickel, Keith B. (2018). Mars Learning: The Marine Corps' Development Of Small Wars Doctrine, 1915-1940.
^ McPherson, Alan (2016). A Short History of U.S. Interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean. John Wiley & Sons.

Bibliography

Langley, Lester D. (1983), The Banana Wars: An Inner History of American Empire, 1900-1934, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, ISBN 0-8131-1496-9
McPherson, Alan (2016). A Short History of U.S. Interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean. John Wiley & Sons.

[McPherson-1] McPherson, Alan (2014). The Invaded: How Latin Americans and Their Allies Fought and Ended U.S. Occupations. p. 41.

[Chronology-2] Fredriksen, John C (2011). The United States Marine Corps: A Chronology, 1775 to the Present. ABC-CLIO. p. 76. ISBN 978-1-59884-542-6.

[3] Langley, Lester D. (1983), The Banana Wars: An Inner History of American Empire, 1900-1934, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, ISBN 0-8131-1496-9

[4] "Dominican Republic, 1916-1924".

[5] Ayres, Thomas (2008). A Military Miscellany: From Bunker Hill to Baghdad: Important, Uncommon, and Sometimes Forgotten Facts,Lists, and Stories from America#s Military History. Random House Publishing Group. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-307-48825-1.

[6] Bickel, Keith B. (2018). Mars Learning: The Marine Corps' Development Of Small Wars Doctrine, 1915-1940.

[7] McPherson, Alan (2016). A Short History of U.S. Interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean. John Wiley & Sons.

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v t e United States intervention in Latin America
Policy	Monroe Doctrine (1823) Platt Amendment (1901–1904) Roosevelt Corollary/Big Stick ideology (1904) Good Neighbor policy (1933) Dollar diplomacy Banana Wars
Wars	Mexican–American War (1846–1848) Spanish–American War (1898) Mexican Border War (1910–1919) United States involvement in the Mexican Revolution (1916–1919)
Overt actions and occupations	Paraguay expedition (1858) First Occupation of Cuba (1899–1902) Separation of Panama from Colombia and Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903) Occupations of Honduras (1903–1925) Second Occupation of Cuba (1906–1909) Occupation of Nicaragua (1912–1933) Occupation of Veracruz (1914) Occupation of Haiti (1915–1934) Occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924) Occupation of the Dominican Republic (1965–1966) Invasion of Panama (1989)
Covert actions	1954 Guatemalan coup d'état 1954 Paraguayan coup d'état Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961) Operation Mongoose (1961) 1964 Bolivian coup d'état Operation Condor (1968–1989) Project FUBELT (1970) 1971 Bolivian coup d'état 1973 Chilean coup d'état 1973 Uruguayan coup d'état Limazo (1975) 1976 Argentine coup d'état 1979 Salvadoran coup d'état 1989 Paraguayan coup d'état
Other	United States involvement in regime change in Latin America Contras (1979–1990) Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) Nicaragua's case against the United States (1986)
Foreign policy of the United States Latin America–United States relations

Background

Battle

See also

References

Bibliography