Portal:Haiti

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Bienvenue sur le Portail Haïti !
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Haiti, officially the Republic of Haiti, is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of The Bahamas. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Haiti is the third largest country in the Caribbean, and with an estimated population of 11.4 million, is the most populous Caribbean country.0 The capital and largest city is Port-au-Prince. (Full article...)

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The recorded history of Haiti began in 1492, when the European captain and explorer Christopher Columbus landed on a large island in the region of the western Atlantic Ocean that later came to be known as the Caribbean. The western portion of the island of Hispaniola, where Haiti is situated, was inhabited by the Taíno and Arawakan people, who called their island Ayiti. The island was promptly claimed for the Spanish Crown, where it was named La Isla Española ("the Spanish Island"), later Latinized to Hispaniola. By the early 17th century, the French had built a settlement on the west of Hispaniola and called it Saint-Domingue. Prior to the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), the economy of Saint-Domingue gradually expanded, with sugar and, later, coffee becoming important export crops. After the war which had disrupted maritime commerce, the colony underwent rapid expansion. In 1767, it exported indigo, cotton and 72 million pounds of raw sugar. By the end of the century, the colony encompassed a third of the entire Atlantic slave trade.

In 1791, slaves staged a revolt which led to the Haitian Revolution. André Rigaud, leader of the revolution, forced the French to withdraw. When Toussaint Louverture declared independence in 1802, Napoleon sent an invasion force to coerce the Haitians. After the death of Toussaint while in imprisonment by the French, the Generals Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Henri Christophe, and Alexandre Pétion laid heavy battle against Charles Leclerc, the leader of the French invasion. As the tide of the war turned in favor of the Haitians, Napoleon abandoned the invasion, which led to Dessalines declaring the independence of Haiti in 1804. Dessalines orchestrated a massacre of the remaining French population in Haiti, resulting in over 5,000 deaths. Men, women, and children were killed as revenge for Napoleon's invasion. Whites were hanged from gallows along the coast, signaling to passing ships that Haiti had purged itself of Europeans. (Full article...)

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Did you know...

...that in 2004, Hurricane Jeanne hit the coastal city of Gonaïves, where it affected about 80,000 of the city's 100,000 residents? And that official reports counted 3,006 people dead, with 2,826 of those in Gonaïves alone?
...that Gens de couleur were Free people of color in French colonial Haiti? And that the Gens de couleur could own plantations, and often owned large numbers of slaves themselves?
...that former President of Haiti Jean-Claude Duvalier, also known as "Baby Doc" was exiled to France after his disposition in 1986? And that he lost most of his wealth due to his divorce from his wife Michèle?
...that Restavec refers to a social system in Haiti whereby parents unable to care for their children send them to relatives or strangers? And that while some restavecs receive food and housing (and sometimes an education) in exchange for light housework, others have alleged widespread abuses within the system?
...that in 2007, the Haitian national football team beat recent FIFA World cup finalists Trinidad and Tobago 2-1, to win the Caribbean Cup for the first time?
...that La Visite National Park is one of the two national parks in Haiti? And that it is located in the southeast of the country and contains the country's highest mountain, Pic de la Selle?

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Caribbean: Bahamas • Cuba • Dominican Republic • Puerto Rico
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Central America: El Salvador • Mexico
North America: Canada • United States

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African diaspora • Latinos • Mesoamerica

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Credit: Rémi Kaupp

The entrance of the Sans-Souci palace, in Milot, Haiti.

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In the news

October 2019: The 2018–19 Haitian protests have challenged Jovenel Moïse's government as more becomes known about the Petrocaribe Affair [fr].

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General images

The following are images from various Haiti-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Fabre Geffrard (from History of Haiti)
Image 2Swearing-in ceremony of Haitian Diaspora GwètòDe (Clergy in Vodou) (from Culture of Haiti)
Image 3Jean-Pierre Boyer (from History of Haiti)
Image 4Élie Lescot (from History of Haiti)
Image 5President Jean-Bertrand Aristide returns triumphantly to the National Palace at Port-au-Prince, Haiti in 1994 (from History of Haiti)
Image 6A sugar mill in Haiti (L'Homme et la Terre by Élisée Reclus, 1830–1905) (from History of Haiti)
Image 7Kanaval in Jacmel Haiti 2014 03 (from Culture of Haiti)
Image 82004 Haiti flood (from Environment of Haiti)
Image 9Market street in Port-au-Prince, 1996 (from History of Haiti)
Image 10François Duvalier in 1968 (from History of Haiti)
Image 11The National Palace burned down during the revolt against Salnave in 1868 (from History of Haiti)
Image 12Citadelle Laferrière, built by Henri Christophe, is the largest fortress in the Americas. (from History of Haiti)
Image 13U.S. Coast Guard intercepting Haitian refugees, 1998 (from History of Haiti)
Image 14Opening of the mausoleum of Pétion and Dessalines in 1926 (from History of Haiti)
Image 15Christopher Columbus landing on the island of Hispaniola in 1492. (from History of Haiti)
Image 16American Marines in 1915 defending the entrance gate in Cap-Haïten (from History of Haiti)
Image 17The Kingdom of Haiti in the North and the Republic of Haiti in the South (from History of Haiti)
Image 18Jean-Jacques Dessalines (from History of Haiti)
Image 19Haitian Folk Singer Manno Charlemagne (from Culture of Haiti)
Image 20Jovenel Moïse (from History of Haiti)
Image 21René Préval (from History of Haiti)
Image 22Michel Domingue (from History of Haiti)
Image 23Engraving of Cap-Français in 1728 (from History of Haiti)
Image 24Bread market in St. Michel, 1928–1929 (from History of Haiti)
Image 25U.S. troops seizing Port-au-Prince airfield, September 1994 (from History of Haiti)
Image 26"Burning of the Plaine du Cap – Massacre of whites by the blacks". On 22 August 1791, slaves set fire to plantations, torched cities, and massacred the white population. (from History of Haiti)
Image 27As the unofficial leader of the revolution, Toussaint L'Ouverture is considered the father of Haiti. (from History of Haiti)
Image 28"The Mode of exterminating the Black Army, as practiced by the French", by Marcus Rainsford, 1805 (from History of Haiti)
Image 29The coronation of Faustin I of Haiti in 1849 (from History of Haiti)
Image 30The ruins of the Sans-Souci Palace, severely damaged in the 1842 earthquake and never rebuilt (from History of Haiti)
Image 31Flamingo tongue on a purple sea fan from Arcadin Islands, Haiti. This sea snail is found living on various species of soft corals and sea fans. (from Environment of Haiti)
Image 32Lysius Salomon (from History of Haiti)
Image 33Leclerc's veterans storm Ravine-a-Couleuvre (Snake Gully) in 1802. (from History of Haiti)
Image 34U.S. Marines patrol the streets of Port-au-Prince on 9 March 2004 (from History of Haiti)
Image 35United States Marines and a Haitian guide patrolling the jungle in 1915 during the Battle of Fort Dipitie (from History of Haiti)
Image 36Provisional President Boniface Alexandre (2004–2006) led the intervention of the UN peacekeeping force in Haiti in 2004 (from History of Haiti)
Image 37Marine's base at Cap-Haïtien (from History of Haiti)
Image 38Port-au-Prince and surroundings at the start of the 19th century (from History of Haiti)
Image 39Sténio Vincent (from History of Haiti)
Image 40Fishing village in Haiti, 1996 (from History of Haiti)
Image 41Jean-Claude and Michèle Duvalier en route to the airport to flee the country, 7 February 1986 (from History of Haiti)
Image 42Charles Rivière-Hérard (from History of Haiti)
Image 43Battle for Santo Domingo, by January Suchodolski (1845) (from History of Haiti)
Image 44Michel Martelly (from History of Haiti)
Image 45Paul Magloire (from History of Haiti)
Image 46The French army led by Le Clerc lands in Cap Français (1802) (from History of Haiti)
Image 47Dumarsais Estimé (from History of Haiti)
Image 48Staff of the German legation and the Hamburg-Amerika Line agency at Port-au-Prince, Haiti in 1900. The agency was involved in the staffing and management of the legation. German nationals were comparatively numerous in Haiti and heavily involved in the Haitian economy until World War I. (from History of Haiti)
Image 49Bishop's House in Cap-Haitien, 1907 (from History of Haiti)
Image 50The battle of Santo Domingo (1806) painted by Nicholas Pocock in 1808 (from History of Haiti)
Image 51Large portions of the National Palace collapsed (from History of Haiti)
Image 52"Revenge taken by the Black Army for the Cruelties practiced on them by the French", by Marcus Rainsford, 1805 (from History of Haiti)