Patiala gharana
The Patiala gharana (Urdu: پٹیالہ گھرانہ ), is one of the gharanas (singing schools or styles) of vocal Hindustani classical music, named after the city of Patiala, India. It was founded by Fateh Ali Khan and Ali Baksh Khan, was initially sponsored by the Maharaja of Patiala, Punjab and was known for ghazal, thumri, and khayal styles of singing. The most influential Patiala singer is Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan.
Characteristics
This gharana tends to favour pentatonic ragas for their ornamentation and execution of intricate taans. Ektaal and Teentaal are the most common taals chosen by members of this gharana. Besides khyal, exponents sing the Punjab-Ang thumri.[citation needed]
The special feature of Patiala is its rendering of taans. These are very rhythmic, vakra (complicated) and firat taans, and are not bound by the rhythmic cycle. Taans with clear aakar are presented not through the throat but through the naabhi (navel).
This gharana has been criticized for neglecting basic raga characteristics such as the primary development octave and for overusing ornaments and graces (thumri style) without considering the nature and mood of the raga.[1]
Exponents
- Bade Ghulam Ali Khan[2]
- Shiv Dayal Batish
- Kumar Mukherjee
- Fateh Ali Khan (Qawwali singer) [3] (father of Ashiq Ali Khan) [4] (has no Wikipedia article as of August 2019, unlike 1935 born Bade Fateh Ali Khan, later known by the same name listed below)
- Mohammad Hussain Sarahang of Afghanistan
- Ali Baksh Khan
- Barkat Ali Khan, brother of Bade Ghulam
- Munawar Ali Khan, son of Bade Ghulam
- Mazhar Ali Khan, Jawaad Ali Khan, Raza Ali Khan: grandsons of Bade Ghulam
- Bade Fateh Ali Khan
- Amanat Ali Khan
- Hamid Ali Khan
- Rustam Fateh Ali Khan, (son of Bade Fateh Ali Khan) [5]
- Asad Amanat Ali Khan
- Shafqat Amanat Ali
- Ghulam Haider Khan [6]
- Mohammad Aizaz Sohail
- Ghulam Ali
- Farida Khanum
- Johar Ali Khan
- Lakshmi Shankar
- Nirmala Devi
- Prasun Banerjee
- Parveen Sultana
- Jagdish Prasad[7]
- Samrat Pandit[8]
- Sanjukta Ghosh
- Vasantrao Deshpande
- Rahul Deshpande
- Som Dutt Battu
- Ajoy Chakraborty
- Kaushiki Chakraborty
References
- ^ Patiala Gharana 'Profile' on Indian Raga website Published 12 June 2010, Retrieved 14 August 2019
- ^ Article on Patiala Gharana in Dawn (newspaper), 'Classical music has healing effect on listeners' Published 3 May 2008, Retrieved 14 August 2019
- ^ https://www.britannica.com/art/qawwali
- ^ https://sarangi.info/vocal/ashiq/
- ^ https://patari.pk/home/artist/Rustam-Fateh-Ali-Khan
- ^ https://dailytimes.com.pk/418463/ustad-ghulam-haider-khan-passes-away/
- ^ Sharma, Manorama (2006). Tradition of Hindustani Music (2006 ed.). New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. pp. 113–114, 160–161. ISBN 8176489999.
- ^ Ganesh, Deepa (20 March 2003). "His master's voice". The Hindu (newspaper). Retrieved 14 August 2019.