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38 Studios, LLC
Company typePrivate
IndustryVideo games
FoundedMaynard, Massachusetts 2006; 18 years ago (2006)
Defunct2012; 12 years ago (2012)
FateBankrupt
Headquarters
Providence, Rhode Island
,
United States
Key people
ProductsKingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning
Subsidiaries

38 Studios, LLC, formerly Green Monster Games, LLC, was an American entertainment and IP development company founded in 2006 by Major League Baseball pitcher Curt Schilling and named for his jersey number. Originally based in Massachusetts, the company moved to Rhode Island as part of securing a $75 million loan guarantee from that state's quasi-public Economic Development Corporation (EDC). In February 2012, the company released its only title, Kingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning, a single-player action role-playing video game for several platforms. The game received positive reviews and sold an estimated 330,000 copies in its first month, rising to 1.2m copies in the first 90 days.[2][3] 38 Studios shut down a few months later. The failure of the controversial Rhode Island loan spurred investigations by the news media and the government.

History

During a family holiday gathering in December 2005, Schilling approached his wife's uncle, Bill Thomas, a retired business executive, with the idea to start a video game company. He was interested in building a new massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG), a type of game that Schilling frequently played and enjoyed. In 2006, Schilling announced his plans to six of his gaming friends while chatting online, asking them, "I'm seriously contemplating starting a gaming company. Who else is in?"

He recruited these six friends, Thomas, author R. A. Salvatore and author/artist Todd McFarlane to join his venture. In 2006, the company leased 30,000 square feet (2,800 m2) of office space in downtown Maynard, Massachusetts at the historic old mill building then called Clock Tower Place.[4] A press release formally announced the creation of Green Monster Games (GMG) in September 2006.[5]The President and CEO of the company was Brett Close,[6] and the CTO was Jon Laff, formerly of Electronic Arts.[7]

At the start of spring training in 2007, the company was renamed from Green Monster Games to 38 Studios to give a "... more accurate reflection of what our company is working to achieve."[8] Contrary to popular belief, Schilling has stated that the company's original name was not taken from the Green Monster wall in Fenway Park. He is quoted on the Fires of Heaven Guild message boards, posting under his EverQuest (an MMORPG) character's name, Ngruk, saying, "The GMG name was—and I know this is going to be impossible to believe—not named after the left-field wall at Fenway. The name was made up by someone who knew next to nothing about baseball and isn't even from this country."[9]

In 2008, the company hired Travis McGeathy, a former lead designer for Sony Online Entertainment's EverQuest.[10] On May 27, 2009, 38 Studios acquired Rise of Nations developer Big Huge Games from THQ, a California-based video game developer and publisher.[11] On August 21, 38 Studios announced that CEO Brett Close had left the company, and Jennifer MacLean, former SVP of Business Development, had been named the new CEO.[12]

Although no games had yet been released, in July 2010, the Rhode Island Economic Development Corporation (EDC) approved a $75 million loan guarantee to 38 Studios, who in exchange, had committed to bring 450 jobs to the state by the end of 2012.[13] On November 3, 2010, 38 Studios announced the completion of the $75 million financing package in conjunction with the Rhode Island EDC, and their planned relocation to Providence, Rhode Island, in early 2011.[14] On April 8, 2011, relocation began, and on April 12, 160 employees began working in the new space, exceeding agreed upon job creation and relocation milestones.[15]

At this point, the company was simultaneously developing two initial products. The first, Kingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning, a single-player game, was developed by the company's Big Huge Games subsidiary, to be published by Electronic Arts. It was introduced to the public at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International convention,[16] and released in North America on February 7, 2012 and in Europe on February 10.[17] The game enjoyed moderate success.[18] The second title, code-named Copernicus, was a massively multiplayer game developed by the Maynard/Providence studio. Author R. A. Salvatore created over ten thousand years of backstory for the Amalur intellectual property,[19] and Todd McFarlane provided art direction for both products.[20][21][22]

The second game, the MMORPG, was still in development when the company declared bankruptcy.

Bankruptcy

On May 14, 2012, the Providence Journal reported that Rhode Island Governor Chaffee had met with 38 Studios regarding their financial situation, and hinted at trouble:

While Chafee strongly criticized the idea of the loan guarantee for the former Boston Red Sox pitcher's company while he ran for office in 2010, he has since said it's important now to work with it and make sure it succeeds...."We're doing everything possible, like I would for any Rhode Island company," he said Monday afternoon at the State House, adding that the work at stake is "keeping 38 Studios solvent."[23]

The state of Rhode Island became concerned over 38 Studios' finances after the company defaulted on a $1.125 million loan payment on May 1, when a check was returned due to insufficient funds, and asked for further help from the state. The second payment attempt by the studio on May 18, seventeen days past the initial due date[24] and in the form of a $1,025,000 wire transfer and a $100,000 personal check from an unnamed source, was successful.[25]

However, 38 Studios consequently was unable to make payroll that week.[24] Keith Stokes, executive director of Rhode Island Economic Development Corporation turned in his resignation, which was accepted by the governor on May 16.[26][27] WPRI reported that both CEO Jennifer MacLean and Senior Vice President of Product Development John Blakely had indicated that they had left the company; MacLean dated her departure to March 2012, when she took a leave of absence.[28]

On May 24, 2012, 38 Studios officially declared bankruptcy, ceasing operations and laying off its entire staff and that of Big Huge Games via a mass email.[18] Schilling publicly addressed the studio's failure on Boston radio station WEEI, revealing that he never took a salary and ended up losing his entire personal fortune of $50 million. "I'm tapped out. ... I put everything in my name in this company. But I'm not asking for sympathy. That was my choice."[29]

The Rhode Island State Police, the attorney general's office, the U.S. Attorney’s Office, and the FBI began investigations into the company on June 6, 2012, a day before 38 Studios filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy.[30][1] On May 19, 2014, WPRI reported that some studio executives from 38 Studios knew that the money they accepted from the Rhode Island EDC was not enough to finish development on Project Copernicus.[31]

In March 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) became involved in the matter, charging both Rhode Island Commerce Corporation as well as Wells Fargo with securities fraud,[32] specifically noting that the two companies were aware that the $75 million loan was not enough for 38 Studios to finish work on Project Copernicus but failed to notify bond investors of the risk.[33] Rhode Island Commerce settled with the SEC for a $50,000 civil penalty on March 29, 2017.[34] In a separate administrative proceeding, the SEC settled with First Southwest Company for $192,400.[35] The lawsuit with Wells Fargo continued until January 2019, when lawyers for both the SEC and the bank had announced a settlement agreement with undisclosed terms, pending approval by the court.[36]

An investigation by the Rhode Island State Police did not come up with sufficient evidence to file criminal charges against the studio. However, civil litigation continued,[37] ultimately leading to gross settlements with Schilling and other defendants of approximately $61 million.[38] The settlements have left the state of Rhode Island paying approximately $28 million on the bonds.

The settlements were obtained as Rhode Island Commerce Corporation (formerly Rhode Island EDC) engaged the law firm Wistow Sheehan & Loveley PC[39] and filed a lawsuit in November 2012 against Schilling, Stokes, financial advisors, and other backers of 38 Studios.[27] The state's economic development agency settled with defendants Moses Afonso Ryan Ltd. and Antonio Afonso, Jr. for $4.4 million on June 27, 2014;[40] with defendants Adler Pollock & Sheehan PC, Robert Stolzman, J. Michael Saul, and Keith Stokes for $12.5 million on August 7, 2015;[41] with Wells Fargo Securities LLC and Barclays Capital Inc. for $25.675 million on August 23, 2016;[42] with Curt Schilling, Thomas Zaccagnino, Richard Wester, and Jennifer MacLean for $2.5 million on September 9, 2016;[43] and with Hilltop Securities Inc. (formerly First Southwest Company) for $16 million on February 1, 2017.[44]

THQ Nordic announced in September 2018 that it had acquired the intellectual property assets from 38 Studios, including Kingdoms of Amalur and Project Copernicus.[45]

Games developed

  • Kingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning
    • North American Release Date: February 7, 2012
    • European Release Date: February 10, 2012
  • Project Copernicus (MMO) – Unreleased

References

  1. ^ a b Makuch, Eddie (June 7, 2012). "Amalur dev files for bankruptcy, FBI investigating". GameSpot.
  2. ^ Mitchell, Richard (March 9, 2012). "Kingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning sold 330,000 in the US last month". Joystiq.
  3. ^ Yoon, Andrew (May 24, 2012). "Kingdoms of Amalur needed 3 million sales 'to break even,' RI governor says". Shacknews.
  4. ^ "Schilling's game company rents space in Maynard". Boston.com. 2006-10-30. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved 2015-12-14.
  5. ^ Wasserman, Noam; Bussgang, Jeffrey J.; Gordon, Rachel (Dec 18, 2009). "Curt Schilling's Next Pitch". Harvard Business School. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
  6. ^ "38 Studios Appoints Jennifer MacLean as CEO". 38 Studios. 2009-08-21. Archived from the original on 2010-01-09. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
  7. ^ Frederick, Logan (5 December 2007). "38 Studios Hires Jon Laff as CTO". The Escapist.
  8. ^ "Curt Schilling Introduces Official Identity of his Entertainment Company". 38 Studios. March 2, 2007. Archived from the original on November 16, 2010.
  9. ^ "Green Monster Games (Curt Schilling)". Fires of Heaven Guild. 22 February 2007. Page 53 (of 544). Archived from the original on 2007-09-27.
  10. ^ "Ex-EverQuest Lead Designer to join 38 Studios". Joystiq.
  11. ^ "38 Studios Acquires Big Huge Games". Gamasutra. 2009-05-27. Archived from the original on 28 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-27.
  12. ^ "38 Studios Announces New CEO - IGN". IGN. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
  13. ^ "Curt Schilling's video-game company gets $75-million loan to come to R.I." Providence Journal. 2010-07-27. Archived from the original on 31 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
  14. ^ "38 Studios Completes $75 Million Financing". 2010-11-03. Archived from the original on 2011-07-07.
  15. ^ "38 Studios Relocates Ahead of Schedule". 2011-04-09.
  16. ^ Geddes, Ryan (2011-03-07). "GDC: Rebirth & Risk in Kingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning". IGN. Archived from the original on 2012-03-21. Retrieved 2011-03-28.
  17. ^ "EA and 38 Studios Ready Kingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning to Strike Worldwide on February 7th" (Press release). 38 Studios. August 16, 2011. Archived from the original on May 13, 2012. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
  18. ^ a b Gilbert, Ben (May 24, 2012). "38 Studios and Big Huge Games lay off entire staffs". Joystiq.
  19. ^ Kern, Mike (April 25, 2012). "R.A. Salvatore Talks Project Copernicus and the Creation of Amalur". The Amalur Voice. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013.
  20. ^ Oshry, Dave (March 17, 2012). "McFarlane says 38 Studios' Amalur MMO is coming this year". VG 22/7.
  21. ^ Miot, Stephanie (June 8, 2012). "Third Strike for 38 Studios, Curt Schilling Leads to Bankruptcy Filing". PC Magazine.
  22. ^ Gaudiosi, John (January 31, 2012). "Comic Book Visionary Todd McFarlane Jumps into the Virtual World of Amalur". GamerLive.TV. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015.
  23. ^ Bramson, Kate (2012-05-14). "R.I. Gov. Chafee meets with 38 Studios executives over company finances". Providence Journal. Archived from the original on 2012-06-01. Retrieved 2012-05-15. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 2012-05-16 suggested (help)
  24. ^ a b Crecente, Brian (May 18, 2012). "38 Studios makes late payment". Polygon.com. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
  25. ^ "R.I. Gov. Chafee: 38 Studios makes $1.1-million payment; payment clears". Providence Journal. May 18, 2012. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
  26. ^ "Curt Schilling firm unable to cover $1.1m check, may miss payroll". Boston Globe. May 17, 2012. Archived from the original on May 20, 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
  27. ^ a b Farrell, Michael B. (November 1, 2012). "Rhode Island sues 38 Studios to recoup losses". Boston Globe.
  28. ^ Nesi, Ted (May 23, 2012). "38 Studios loses CEO and high-profile VP, LinkedIn suggests". WPRI-TV. Archived from the original on May 27, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2012.
  29. ^ Forer, Ben (June 22, 2012). "Curt Schilling Says He Lost $50 Million On Video Game Company". ABCnews.go.com. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
  30. ^ Nesi, Ted (June 7, 2012). "38 Studios files for bankruptcy; law enforcement opens probe". WPRI.com Eyewitness News. Archived from the original on July 11, 2015.
  31. ^ Campbell, Susan; Nesi, Ted (19 May 2014). "38 Studios insider's email urged execs not to disclose". WPRI-TV. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  32. ^ Marino, Jon. "Wells Fargo charged with fraud in 38 Studios case". CNBC. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  33. ^ Good, Owen S. "Feds allege fraud by bank, agency who made $75 million loan to 38 Studios". Polygon. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  34. ^ Bramson, Kate. "RI Commerce agrees to $50K penalty to SEC for role in 38 Studios deal". providencejournal.com. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
  35. ^ "SEC.gov | SEC Charges Rhode Island Agency and Wells Fargo With Fraud in 38 Studios Bond Offering". www.sec.gov. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
  36. ^ "SEC, Wells Fargo ink 38 Studios settlement, will be delayed". Associated Press. January 10, 2019. Retrieved January 11, 2019 – via Boston Herald.
  37. ^ Rad, Chloi (29 July 2016). "Kingdoms of Amalur Devs Not Indicted With Criminal Charges". IGN. j2 Global. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
  38. ^ RI.gov. "Press Releases: Rhode Island Commerce Corporation Reaches $16 Million Dollar Settlement with First Southwest Company in 38 Studios Lawsuit". www.ri.gov. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
  39. ^ Bramson, Kate. "R.I. state police to release 38 Studios documents". providencejournal.com. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
  40. ^ "RI, law firm strike $4.4M agreement on 38 Studios". ESPN.com. Associated Press. June 27, 2014. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
  41. ^ "Rhode Island agency reaches $12.5 million settlement with 4 defendants in 38 Studios lawsuit". Fox Business. 2015-08-07. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
  42. ^ Nesi, Ted; Machado, Steph (2016-08-23). "RI agrees to $26M settlement with Wells Fargo, Barclays in 38 Studios lawsuit". WPRI 12 Eyewitness News. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
  43. ^ Krause, Nancy; Machado, Steph (2016-09-19). "RI reaches settlement with Schilling, others in 38 Studios lawsuit". WPRI 12 Eyewitness News. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
  44. ^ Nesi, Ted; Pliner, Jared (2017-02-01). "RI settles for $16M with last defendant in 38 Studios lawsuit". WPRI 12 Eyewitness News. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
  45. ^ Nunneley, Stepheny (2018-09-06). "Kingdoms of Amalur IP and Project Copernicus rights and assets acquired by THQ Nordic". VG247. Retrieved 2018-09-06.
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