Kunduz airlift
| Kunduz Airlift ("Airlift of Evil") | |||||||
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| Part of the War in Afghanistan (2001–present) | |||||||
 Kunduz in northern Afghanistan | |||||||
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The Kunduz airlift, also called the Airlift of Evil, refers to the evacuation of hundreds of top commanders and members of the Taliban and their Pakistani advisers including Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence agents and army personnel, and other Jihadi volunteers and sympathizers, from the city of Kunduz, Afghanistan, in November 2001 just before its capture by U.S. and United Front of Afghanistan (Northern Alliance) forces during the War in Afghanistan.[3] The Taliban and Al-Qaeda combatants were evacuated from Kunduz and airlifted by Pakistan Air Force cargo aircraft to Pakistan Air Force bases in Chitral and Gilgit in Azad Kashmir's Northern Areas.[4][5][6][7][8] The United States and Pakistan denied that the airlift took place. General Richard Myers, chief of staff, claimed that the Kunduz airfield had been disabled by United States attacks.[9] Donald Rumsfeld, US defense secretary, said on December 2 that "neither Pakistan nor any other country flew any planes into Afghanistan to evacuate anybody".[9]
Background
According to the Los Angeles Times, during the siege of Kunduz, U.S. and Northern Alliance forces (led by Mohammad Daud Daud and Abdul Rashid Dostum) had declared that they would treat foreign fighters of the Taliban (including Pakistani military advisers as well as Pakistani and Arab volunteers) more severely than their Afghan counterparts. The Northern Alliance had earlier witnessed Pakistani and Arab involvement in several massacres perpetrated by the Taliban in Afghanistan. Pakistani leaders feared that revenge killings of Pakistanis in Kunduz could lead to unrest and instability in their country and therefore decided to evacuate their forces before the U.S. and Northern Alliance ground forces moved into Kunduz.[10]
Event
According to American diplomat Peter Tomsen, Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf called U.S. President George W. Bush on or about 18 November and requested permission for an airlift.[11] Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney approved, but most cabinet members were not informed.[9] A CIA official interviewed by Seymour Hersh claimed that United States Central Command set up a special air corridor within Afghanistan, "to help insure the safety of the Pakistani rescue flights."[4] The justification for the operation was that Pakistan had many military and intelligence officers fighting with the Taliban, and feared for their safety after Kunduz fell. Pakistan also hoped that evacuated Taliban leadership figures could play a role in the postwar Afghan government. However, once the airlift began, additional Taliban and al-Qaeda members were included.[4]
Estimates of the number evacuated vary. Carlotta Gall, citing Afghan intelligence officials who monitored Taliban radio traffic during the siege, put the number at 2,000.[12] Ahmed Rashid estimated the number at "certainly hundreds and perhaps as many as one thousand people,"[9] while Brajesh Mishra, India's National Security Advisor, believed that 5,000 Pakistanis and Taliban were evacuated.[4]
Revelation
The revelation that the U.S. had acquiesced to the escape of individuals including the top leadership of the Taliban and Al Qaeda was a controversial and politically contentious topic within the United States and her aligned partners, that sparked off a debate in the western media and elicited denials of knowledge of this event from top Bush administration officials including Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld.[5] Although numerous articles mentioning such an ongoing airlift of Pakistani and other combatants from Kunduz appeared around that time in several international newspapers (such as The New York Times, The Independent and The Guardian), the first reference to the specific term Airlift of Evil appeared in a column on the website of the MSNBC news network.[5] The airlift was later detailed in the BBC documentary Secret Pakistan: Double Cross and Backlash.[13][14]
The airlift was discussed in an email between Sidney Blumenthal and Hillary Clinton, released by the State Department in 2016. Discussing a Senate report on the Battle of Tora Bora and the escape of Osama Bin Laden, Blumenthal mentioned the Kunduz airlift as being ordered by Cheney/Rumsfeld.[15]
Gary Berntsen, the head of the CIA armed operation in eastern Afghanistan, is a major source for the report. I am in contact with him and have heard his entire story at length, key parts of which are not in his book, Jawbreaker, or in the Senate report. In particular, the story of the Kunduz airlift of the bulk of key AQ and Taliban leaders, at the request of Musharaff and per order Cheney/Rumsfeld, is absent.
References
- ^ "Mystery of Taliban 'flown out by Pakistan'". The Telegraph. 27 November 2001.
- ^ Hersh, Seymour M. (2005). Chain of Command. Harper Collins. p. 132. ISBN 978-0141020884.
- ^ Karlekar, Hiranmay (2012). Endgame in Afghanistan: For Whom the Dice Rolls. Sage. p. 206. ISBN 978-8132109747.
- ^ a b c d Hersh, Seymour M. (2002-01-28). "The Getaway". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
- ^ a b c Moran, Michael (2001-11-29). "The 'airlift of evil'". NBC News. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
- ^ Press Trust of India (2002-01-24). "India protests airlift of Pakistani fighters from Kunduz". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
- ^ Ratnescar, Romesh (2002-10-10). "Afghanistan: One year on". CNN. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
- ^ George, Marcus (2001-11-26). "Kunduz celebrates end of siege". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
- ^ a b c d Ahmed Rashid (2008). Descent Into Chaos: The US and the Failure of Nation Building in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Central Asia. Viking. pp. 91–92. ISBN 978-0-670-01970-0.
- ^ Paul Richter and Peter G. Gosselin (2001-11-26). "Hundreds of Marines Land Near Kandahar; Kunduz Falls". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Peter Tomsen (10 December 2013). The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-61039-412-3.
- ^ Carlotta Gall (2014). The Wrong Enemy: America in Afghanistan, 2001–2014. HMH. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-544-04568-2.
- ^ "Secret Pakistan: Double Cross". BBC News. 2011-10-26. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
- ^ "Secret Pakistan: Backlash". BBC News. 2011-11-02. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
- ^ Sidney Blumenthal (2009-11-28). "U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2014-20439 Doc No. C05766983: 'MEMO ON NEW SENATE REPORT ON TORA BORA AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE. SID'". WikiLeaks. Retrieved 2016-04-07.