Contemporary circus
New circus or contemporary circus (also known as nouveau cirque or cirque contemporain in French-speaking countries) is a genre of performing arts developed in the late 20th century in which a story or theme is conveyed through traditional circus skills.
Animals are rarely used in this type of performance, and traditional circus skills are blended with a more character-driven approach. Compared with the traditional circuses of the past, the contemporary approach tends to focus more attention on the overall aesthetic impact, sometimes on character and story development, and on the use of lighting design, original music, and costume design to convey thematic or narrative content.
History
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The contemporary circus (or new circus, or nouveau cirque) movement originated in Australia, the West Coast of the United States, France and the United Kingdom from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s. The impetus came from the "new wave" theatre movement and street theatre as well as from traditional circus.[1]
Early pioneers of the new circus genre included: Circus Oz, forged in Australia in 1977 from SoapBox Circus (1976) and New Circus (1973)[2]; the Pickle Family Circus, founded in San Francisco in 1975; Ra-Ra Zoo in 1984 in London; Nofit State Circus in 1984 from Wales; Cirque du Soleil, founded in Quebec in 1984; Cirque Plume and Archaos from France in 1984 and 1986 respectively.
More recent examples include: Cirque Éloize (founded in Quebec in 1993); New York's Bindlestiff Family Cirkus (1995); Sweden's Cirkus Cirkör (1995); Arizona's Flam Chen (1996);[3] Teatro ZinZanni (founded in Seattle in 1998); the West African Circus Baobab (late 1990s);[4] Montreal's Les 7 doigts de la main (founded in 2002);[5] San Francisco's Vau De Vire Society;[6] Wanderlust Circus from Portland, Oregon;[7] Australia's Circa (2004);[8] Cirque Mechanics (2004);[9] Asheville's Fox and Beggar Theater (2013);[10] and American cirque noir companies Lucent Dossier Experience (2004), PURE Cirkus (2004),[11] and the Red Light Variety Show of Boise, Idaho (2008).[12]
The genre includes other circus troupes such as the Vermont-based Circus Smirkus (founded in 1987 by Rob Mermin), Le Cirque Imaginaire (later renamed Le Cirque Invisible, both founded and directed by Victoria Chaplin, daughter of Charlie Chaplin), the Tiger Lillies, and Dislocate,[13] while The Jim Rose Circus is an interesting take on the circus sideshow. In Northern England, Skewed Circus combines punk, rap, dance music, comedy, and stunts to deliver "pop-circus" entertainment to young urban audiences.[14]
It could be argued that the blending of traditional circus arts with contemporary aesthetic sensibilities and theatrical techniques has revitalized the general public's interest in and appetite for the circus. Certainly the most conspicuous success story has been that of Cirque du Soleil, the Canadian circus company whose estimated annual revenue now exceeds US$810 million,[15] and whose nouveau cirque shows have been seen by nearly 90 million spectators in over 200 cities on five continents.[16]
Characteristics
Contemporary circus sometimes combines traditional circus skills and theatrical techniques to convey a story or theme. Such acts may include acrobatics, juggling, aerial arts, acting, comedy, magic, music and other elements. Contemporary circus productions may often be staged in theaters or in outdoor tents. Music is often composed exclusively for the production, and aesthetic influences are drawn as much from contemporary culture as from circus tradition. Animal acts appear less frequently in contemporary circus than in traditional circus. Theatrical scenes or clown gags may provide seamless segues between acts, making the traditional role of the ringmaster redundant.
Below is a table comparing several aspects of traditional and contemporary circus performances.
| Traditional circus | Contemporary circus | |
|---|---|---|
| Typically performed by | Circus families | Conservatory or self-trained artists |
| Typical staging format | Tiered seating around an oval or circular arena called a ring, under a large tent called the big top | Auditorium seating in front of proscenium stage, in the round, under a tent, in the streets or other spaces |
| Typical production format | Series of spectacle-oriented acts presided over by a ringmaster, who has a role similar to a master of ceremonies | Series of theatrical, character-driven acts tied together by a central narrative or abstract theme. |
| Typical music | Uptempo marches, waltzes, etc. Music's purpose is to raise the energy level and create a sense of spectacle. | A variety of genres and moods. Music also assists in dramatizing the show's themes, characters, and/or narrative. |
"Extreme circus" is a high-energy, street-inspired genre of contemporary circus whose aesthetic is more free-form and improvisational; its music may encompass hip hop, virtuosic percussion and beat-boxing.[17]
See also
References
- ^ Mullett, Jane (2005). Circus Alternatives: The Rise of New Circus in Australia, the United States, Canada and France. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation) La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
- ^ St Leon, Mark (2011). Circus! The Australian Story. Melbourne Book. p. 239-248. ISBN 978-1-877096-50-1.
- ^ Cruz, Maritza (April 13, 2018). "Flam Chen celebrates downtown expansion with block party". Arizona Daily Star. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
- ^ Circus Baobab
- ^ Les 7 doigts de la main
- ^ Vau De Vire Society
- ^ Wanderlust Circus
- ^ Circa
- ^ Cirque Mechanics
- ^ The Fox & Beggar Theater
- ^ PURE Cirkus
- ^ Boiseweekly.com
- ^ Dislocate
- ^ Skewed Circus Archived December 14, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Collins, Glenn (April 28, 2009). "Run Away to the Circus? No need. It's Staying Here". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-09-30.
- ^ "About Cirque du Soleil". Cirque du Soleil. Archived from the original on 2009-09-25. Retrieved 2009-09-30.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Sydney Morning Herald - Act that turns the circus on its head