Pseudohallucination
A pseudohallucination is an involuntary sensory experience vivid enough to be regarded as a hallucination, but recognised by the person not to be the result of external stimuli.[citation needed] Unlike normal hallucinations, which occurs when one sees, hears, smells, tastes or feels something that is not there, with a compelling feeling or thought that it is real, pseudohallucinations are recognised by the person as unreal. In other words, it is a hallucination that is recognized as a hallucination, as opposed to a "normal" hallucination which would be perceived as real.
The term is not widely used in the psychiatric and medical fields, as it is considered ambiguous;[1] the term nonpsychotic hallucination is preferred.[2] Pseudohallucinations, then, are more likely to happen with a hallucinogenic drug. But "the current understanding of pseudohallucinations is mostly based on the work of Karl Jaspers".[3]
A further distinction is sometimes made between pseudohallucinations and parahallucinations, the latter being a result of damage to the peripheral nervous system.[4]
They are considered a feature of conversion disorder, somatization disorder, and dissociative disorders.[5] Also, pseudohallucinations can occur in people with visual/hearing loss, with the typical such type being Charles Bonnet syndrome.
See also
References
- ^ Berrios, G. E.; Dening, T. R. (2009). "Pseudohallucinations: A conceptual history". Psychological Medicine. 26 (4): 753–63. doi:10.1017/S0033291700037776. PMID 8817710.
- ^ van der Zwaard, Roy; Polak, Machiel A. (2001). "Pseudohallucinations: A pseudoconcept? A review of the validity of the concept, related to associate symptomatology". Comprehensive Psychiatry. 42 (1): 42–50. doi:10.1053/comp.2001.19752. PMID 11154715.
- ^ Sanati, Abdi (2012). "Pseudohallucinations: a critical review" (PDF). Dialogues in Philosophy, Mental and Neuro Sciences. 5 (2): 42–47.
- ^ El-Mallakh, Rif S.; Walker, Kristin L. (2010). "Hallucinations, pseudohallucinations, and parahallucinations". Psychiatry. 73 (1): 34–42. doi:10.1521/psyc.2010.73.1.34. PMID 20235616.
- ^ First, Michael B.; Frances, Allen; Pincus, Harold Alan (2002). DSM-IV-TR Handbook of Differential Diagnosis. American Psychiatric Pub. p. 64.
Bibliography
- В. Х. Кандинский. О псевдогаллюцинациях (Victor Kandinsky On Pseudohallucinations)