Haughley Experiment
The Haughley Experiment was the first comparison of organic farming and conventional chemical-based farming,[1][2] started in 1939 by Lady Eve Balfour and Alice Debenham, on two adjoining farms in Haughley Green, Suffolk, England.[3] It was based on an idea that farmers were over-reliant on fertilizers, that livestock, crops and the soil should be treated as a whole system,[4] and that "natural" farming produced food which was in some way more wholesome than food produced with more intensive methods.[5] Lady Balfour believed that mankind's future and human health were dependent on how the soil was treated, and ran the experiment to generate scientific data that would support these beliefs.[5]
Deborah Stinner, an entomologist, has written that by modern standards the Haughley experiment was more of a "demonstration" than a true experiment because it lacked methodological rigour, and it is thus not possible to draw any firm conclusions from its outputs.[6] Findings reported by the experiment included:
- Levels of available minerals in the soil fluctuate according to the season, maximum levels coinciding with the time of maximum plant demand and these fluctuations were significantly greater in the organic plots.
- Vegetative mineral levels remained as high or higher in the organic plots even without receiving the mineral inputs that the conventional plots had.
- Organic fed animals required from 12-15% less input of food, were healthier, and lived longer than their conventional counterparts.
- Increased yields.[3][non-primary source needed]
In the early 1980s, properties of the three sections were measured and showed differences in earthworm density, crop root depth, and soil properties including soil carbon, moisture and, surprisingly, temperature.[7]
See also
References
- ^ White, Kim Kennedy; Duram, Leslie A (2013). America Goes Green: An Encyclopedia of Eco-friendly Culture in the United States. California: ABC-CLIO. p. 176. ISBN 978-1-59884-657-7.
- ^ "LADY EVE BALFOUR". IFOAM. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
- ^ a b Balfour, Lady Eve. "Towards a Sustainable Agriculture—The Living Soil". Canberra Organic Growers Society Soil And Health Library. IFOAM. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
- ^ "The Haughley Experiment". Nature. 179 (4558): 514. 1957. doi:10.1038/179514d0.
- ^ a b Gordon, Ian (2004). Reproductive Technologies in Farm Animals. CABI. pp. 10–. ISBN 978-0-85199-049-1.
- ^ Stinner, Deborah (1 January 2007). Lockeretz, William (ed.). Chapter 4: Science of Organic Farming. CABI. pp. 50–. ISBN 978-1-84593-289-3.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Blakemore RJ (2000). "Ecology of Earthworms under the 'Haughley Experiment' of Organic and Conventional Management Regimes". Biological Agriculture & Horticulture. 18 (2): 141–159. doi:10.1080/01448765.2000.9754876.
External links
- Towards a Sustainable Agriculture - The Living Soil – text of address by Eve Balfour to the 1977 IFOAM conference in Switzerland.
