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Paul Fildes

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Paul Fildes
Paul Fildes, in navy uniform
Paul Fildes, as painted by his father, Luke Fildes in 1919
Born
Paul Gordon Fildes

(1882-02-10)10 February 1882
Died5 February 1971(1971-02-05) (aged 88)
Alma materTrinity College, Cambridge
AwardsFellow of the Royal Society[1]
Royal Medal (1953)
Copley Medal (1963)
Scientific career
InstitutionsUniversity of Cambridge

Sir Paul Gordon Fildes OBE FRS (10 February 1882 – 5 February 1971) was a British pathologist and microbiologist who worked on the development of chemical-biological weaponry at Porton Down during the Second World War.[2][3][4]

Biography

Early Life

Fildes was born in Kensington, London, the son of the artist Sir Luke Fildes and great grandson of reformist Mary Fildes, Paul studied surgery at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he obtained an MB BCh degree.

Career

Fildes served as a lieutenant-commander in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, stationed at the Royal Naval Hospital Haslar (1915–19) during the First World War. In 1919 he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire and in 1946 a Knight Bachelor. He helped Donald D. Woods discover how sulphonamides worked; was a member of the scientific staff, Medical Research Council (1934–49); Fellow of the Royal Society[1] and author of works on haemophilia and syphilis. Fildes received the Copley Medal in 1963.

World War II

Fildes asserted that he assisted with Operation Anthropoid the assassination of top Nazi Reinhard Heydrich in Prague by providing the Czech agents of the Special Operations Executive with modified No. 73 Grenades filled with botulin toxin.[5] The story has been met with scepticism, given the absence of any indication that Heydrich displayed any of the highly distinctive symptoms of botulism.[6]

In 1940 Fildes was put in charge of a newly created department, the Biology Department, Porton (BDP) at Porton Down to study the defensive implications of a bacterial attack and there built up a team of microbiologists to study the use of biological weapons, including anthrax and botulinum toxin. An early project was the creation of a stockpile of a million anthrax impregnated cattle cakes to be used in a possible retaliatory attck. In 1942 it famously carried out tests of an anthrax bio-weapon developed at Porton Down at Gruinard Island. He also assisted with the anthrax strain tests on Gruinard Island, performing necropsies on the bodies of anthrax-exposed sheep, to determine if they had died as a direct result of anthrax poisoning. This work produced the world's first working anthrax bomb in the summer of 1942.[7]

At the end of the war he returned to university life and handed over control of the department to his deputy David Henderson, who would oversee the building of a new purpose designed laboratory facility and the creation of the autonomous Microbiological Research Department.

Later years

References

  1. ^ a b Gladstone, G. P.; Knight, B. C. J. G.; Wilson, G. (1973). "Paul Gordon Fildes 1882–1971". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 19: 317–347. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1973.0013. PMID 11615726.
  2. ^ Fellow list of the Royal Society
  3. ^ Portraits of Paul Fildes at the National Portrait Gallery, London
  4. ^ Paul Fildes at Pasteur.fr
  5. ^ Harris, Robert; Paxman, Jeremy (2002). A Higher Form of Killing: The Secret History of Chemical and Biological Warfare. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks. pp. 90–96. ISBN 0-8129-6653-8.
  6. ^ Defalque, R. J.; Wright, A. J. (January 2009). "The Puzzling Death of Reinhard Heydrich" (PDF). Bulletin of Anesthesia History. 27 (1). Pittsburgh PA: Anesthesia History Association and Wood-Library Museum of Anesthesiology: 1–7. Retrieved 29 May 2009.
  7. ^ Guillemin, Jeanne (2005), Biological Weapons: From the Invention of State-Sponsored Programs to Contemporary Bioterrorism, (Google Books), Columbia University Press, pp. 50–56, (ISBN 0231129424).
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