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Caroline of Baden

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Queen Caroline
Dowager Queen of Bavaria
Princess of Baden
Electress Consort of Bavaria
Tenure16 February 1799 – 1 January 1806
Queen Consort of Bavaria
Tenure1 January 1806 – 13 October 1825
Born(1776-07-13)13 July 1776
Karlsruhe Palace, Karlsruhe, Duchy of Baden, Holy Roman Empire
Died13 November 1841(1841-11-13) (aged 65)
Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria, Imperial Confederate of Germany
Burial
Theatine Church, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
SpouseKing Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
(m. 1797 - 1825; his death)
IssuePrince Maximilian Joseph Charles
Queen Elisabeth Ludovika, Dowager Queen of Prussia
Queen Amalie Auguste, Queen Mother of Saxony
Queen Maria Anna, Dowager Queen of Saxony
Archduchess Sophie, Archduchess Franz Karl of Austria
Princess Ludovika
Princess Maximiliana
Names
English: Frederica Caroline Wilhelmina
German: Friederike Karoline Wilhelmine
HouseZähringen
FatherPrince Charles Louis, Hereditary Duke of Baden
MotherPrincess Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
ReligionLutheran Christian

Caroline of Baden (Friederike Karoline Wilhelmine; 13 July 1776 – 13 November 1841) (German: Friederike Karoline Wilhelmine) of Baden was an Electress of Bavaria and later the first Queen consort of Bavaria as the spouse of King Maximilian I Joseph.

Life

She was the eldest child of Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden, and his wife Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt. She was born 13 July 1776, twin sister of Katharina Amalie Christiane Luise.

Caroline was considered as a bride for the Louis Antoine Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Enghien, but the fear of attracting opposition from France made her family hesitate.

On 9 March 1797, in Karlsruhe, she became the second spouse of Maximilian, Duke of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, who two years later would inherit the Electorate of Bavaria. As a result of the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the rank of Elector became obsolete, and the ruler of Bavaria was promoted to the rank of King. As a result, Caroline became Queen of Bavaria.

She was allowed to keep her Protestant religion and had her own Protestant pastor, which was unique for a Bavarian queen. She was described as a very dignified consort and hostess of the Bavarian court, and raised her daughters to have a strong sense of duty.

Caroline of Baden died 13 November 1841, outliving her husband by sixteen years and one month. Due to her Protestant religion, her funeral was conducted with so little royal dignity that there were public protests. By order of the Catholic archbishop of Munich, Lothar Anselm von Gebsattel, all participating Catholic clergy were dressed in ordinary clothes instead of church vestments. The Protestant clergy were halted at the church door and not allowed to proceed inside for the service, so Ludwig Friedrich Schmidt gave the funeral sermon there. Afterwards, the funeral procession dissipated, and the coffin was placed in the burial crypt without ceremony. This treatment of his beloved stepmother permanently softened the attitude of Caroline's stepson Ludwig I of Bavaria, who up until that time had been a strong opponent of Protestantism in spite of his marriage to the Protestant princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen.

Issue

Honours

 Electorate of Bavaria /  Kingdom of Bavaria : Sovereign of the Order of Saint Elizabeth (feminine order)

Ancestors

Family of Caroline of Baden
16. Charles III William, Margrave of Baden-Durlach
8. Friedrich, Hereditary Prince of Baden-Durlach
17. Magdalena Wilhelmine of Württemberg
4. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden
18. John William Friso, Prince of Orange
9. Princess Amalia of Nassau-Dietz
19. Landgravine Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel
2. Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden
20. Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
10. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
21. Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach
5. Landgravine Karoline Luise of Hesse-Darmstadt
22. Johann Reinhard III of Hanau-Lichtenberg
11. Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg
23. Dorothea Friederike of Brandenburg-Ansbach
1. Caroline of Baden
24. Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt =20
12. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt =10
25. Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach =21
6. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
26. Johann Reinhard III of Hanau-Lichtenberg =22
13. Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg =11
27. Dorothea Friederike of Brandenburg-Ansbach =23
3. Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
28. Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
14. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
29. Countess Katharina Agathe of Rappoltstein
7. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken
30. Ludwig Kraft, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken
15. Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken
31. Philippine Henriette of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

References

  • Françoise de Bernardy : "Stéphanie de Beauharnais, fille adoptive de Napoléon et grande-duchesse de Bade " L.A.P. Pais, 1977.
  • Caroline of Baden at Find a Grave
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Karoline Friederike Wilhelmine von Baden.
Preceded by Duchess of Zweibrücken
1797–1825 		Succeeded by
Last of title
Preceded by Electress of Bavaria
1799–1806 		Succeeded by
Last of title
Preceded by
New title
 Queen of Bavaria
1806–1825 		Succeeded by

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