Megalictis
| Megalictis Temporal range: Miocene
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| Skull AM 25430 of M. ferox | |
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| Genus: | Megalictis
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Megalictis (great weasel) is an extinct genus of large predatory mustelids, which existed in North America during the "cat gap" in the Miocene period. It is thought to have resembled a large wolverine, with a body mass of up to 60 kilograms (130 lb).
Description
Some writers suggest M. ferox could grow to the size of a black bear,[1] whilst others suggest a less exceptional mass of 20–60 kilograms (44–132 lb), compared to the wolverine of 10–20 kilograms (22–44 lb). Ekorus ekakeran, a comparable mustelid of the same period found in Africa, is estimated to have been around 40 kilograms (88 lb).[2] Matthew described it as having short stout legs, with short feet and long non-retractible claws, similar to a modern wolverine but about twice the size,[2] and noted that "the teeth indicate an animal fully as predaceous as the wolverine, but the skeleton points to more fossorial habits".[3] Research comparing the joints of the forelegs to modern mammalian carnivores suggests that it waited in ambush and grappled with its prey, rather than hunting it down by pursuit like a modern cheetah.[4]
Discovery
The genus Megalictis was first described by W. D. Matthew in 1907, and assigned to the family Mustelidae.[5] Two similar genera discovered at the same time, Aelurocyon (Peterson, 1907) and Paroligobunis (Peterson, 1910) were identified as synonymous with Megalictis in 1996[2] though Paroligobunis was re-established as a separate genus in 1998.[6] P. R. Bjork, in 1970, assigned the genus to the subfamily Mellivorinae,[7] whilst J. A. Baskin reassigned it to Oligobuninae in 1998.[5] Three species have been identified in the genus: M. ferox, M. petersoni, and M. frazieri, whilst two more, Megalictis brevifacies and Megalictis simplicidens, have since been determined to be synonymous with M. ferox. Other synonyms of M. ferox include Aelurocyon brevifacies, Brachypsalis simplicidens and Paroligobunis simplicidens.[5]
Specimens of M. ferox have been found at ten sites in South Dakota, Nebraska and Wyoming, dated to the Harrisonian period - from 24.8 to 20.6 million years ago.[5] The 19 specimens so far identified have a wide range of sizes,[2] which is believed to be evidence of extreme sexual dimorphism, a phenomenon where males and females of the species will grow to different sizes; a 1996 study rejected the possibility of multiple "morphologically uniform" but differently sized species as unlikely.[8] However, later studies identified significant morphological variation in the joints of the forearms, which would not be consistent with sexual dimorphism. Andersson suggests that the identification of all of these as a single species may need revision.[9]
References
Sources
- Andersson, Ki (2003). Locomotor evolution in the Carnivora (Mammalia): evidence from the elbow joint (PDF).
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Bjork, Philip Reese (1970). "The Carnivora of the Hagerman Local Fauna (Late Pliocene) of Southwestern Idaho". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 60 (7).
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Valenciano, Alberto; Baskin, Jon A.; Abella, Juan; Pérez-Ramos, Alejandro; Álvarez-Sierra, M. Ángeles; Morales, Jorge; Hartstone-Rose, Adam (7 April 2016). "Megalictis, the bone-crushing giant mustelid (Carnivora, Mustelidae, Oligobuninae) from the Early Miocene of North America". PLOS ONE. 11: e0152430. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152430. PMC 4824437. PMID 27054570.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - Allaby, Michael, ed. (1999). A Dictionary of Zoology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Gratacap, L. P. (June 12, 1908). "Scientific Publications of the American Museum of Natural History for 1907". Science. 27 (702): 920–923. doi:10.1126/science.27.702.920.
- Hopkin, Michael (30 September 2004). "Research highlights: elbow room for top predators". Nature. 431 (7008): 524. doi:10.1038/431524a.
- Hunt, R. H., Jr.; Skolnick, R. (1996). "The giant mustelid Megalictis from the Early Miocene carnivore dens at Agate Fossil Beds National Monument, earliest evidence of dimorphism in New World Mustelidae". Contributions to Geology (31): 35–48.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - "Megalictis ferox at the Paleobiology Database". paleodb.org. Retrieved 2008-11-25.