John Acton Wroth

WROTH, John Acton (1830 – 1876) Convict, clerk, storekeeper

Following the granting of his conditional pardon in 1853, John Acton Wroth's transfer to Toodyay in 1854 marked the beginning of the Wroth family's continuous association with Toodyay. Young Wroth came from a respectable well-to-do Anglican family and had a sound education. He was 17 years of age when he committed a foolish act of forgery that led to his conviction for a period of ten years and transportation to the Swan River Colony. He never returned to his family in England. Wroth turned out to be a keen observer of the life he ended up living on the other side of the world. He kept a personal diary that records life on board the transport ship and his experiences at the country hiring depots of York and Toodyay. This invaluable record is lodged in the archives of the State Library.

John Acton Wroth's birth was registered on 17 December 1830 at St Mary of the Quays church in Ipswich. He was the only son of John, a brewer, and his wife Elizabeth (nee Reeves) who died in 1845. There were four older sisters. When Wroth was 17 years of age he was apprenticed to Stephen Piper, a printer in the town of Ipswich. He became enamoured of young girl, Elvina Gartlett, who became the object of his love. He may have wanted to impress upon Elvina that he was a fashionable young man and to this end he sought means to acquire a gold watch and chain, and a pair of expensive boots. He not only forged orders on behalf of local jewellers and a bootmaker, he also stole a large quantity of stationery from his employer. The fraud was detected and Wroth was charged at the Ipswich Court in August 1848. He was unlucky to go before a harsh judge who decided to make an example of him. Wroth was sentenced to transportation for ten years for forging an order for goods, but first he had to spend nine months in solitary confinement, then time in the new Parkhurst gaol for juvenile offenders. His former secure social world had ended.

Wroth's grieving family supplied him with items that he would need in his new life, including an exercise book that he used as a diary describing shipboard life in detail. He made a fine sketch of the ship and its fittings, and described what the convicts wore and ate. He also practised his shorthand, which would serve him well in his future life in the colony. Wroth was transported to the Swan River Colony on Mermaid with over 200 other convicts and a contingent of Enrolled Pensioner Guards and their families. They included Francis Kirk, who was posted to Toodyay. Wroth was described at the time as 20 years of age, 5 feet 6 inches tall, with brown hair and grey eyes. On the voyage out he was given the role of school assistant.

Following his arrival at Fremantle in May 1851 Wroth was sent to the York Convict Hiring Depot as a probationer prisoner working as a clerk. He received his ticket-of-leave on 28 November 1851. All this time Wroth had maintained his hopes for a future with Elvina but she never reciprocated his attempts to contact her. In York his affections turned to the Reverend Smithies' young daughter who wanted to elope with him. On discovering this, the Reverend accused Wroth of planning to abduct his daughter, resulting in Wroth's transfer to Fremantle. The comptroller-general, probably realising no harm had been done, granted him a conditional pardon.

In March 1854 Wroth was sent to the Toodyay Hiring Depot where he was appointed clerk of courts. Wroth's shorthand proved useful in recording the court proceedings. Resident Magistrate Joseph Strelley Harris also paid Wroth from his own salary to be his personal clerk. James Drummond Jnr, a leading pastoralist in Toodyay, also had need of Wroth's clerical skills. Drummond rented one of his cottages at Mill Farm to Wroth, who now felt he was in a position to support a wife and family.

In June 1854 Wroth married Bridget Josephine Ellis, a recent arrival at the Depot. Bridget was one of the emigrant girls brought out on the so-called "Bride Ships" to redress the shortage of young women in the colony. They went into service as servant girls and became potential brides for single men, both bond and free. The couple had five sons and a daughter. Bridget was Catholic and the couple agreed the sons would be Anglican, while the daughter would be brought up in her mother's faith. Their third son Joseph Ablett Wroth (b.1859) became a long serving and highly respected town clerk for the Municipality of Newcastle.

With a growing family to care for Wroth was constantly on the lookout for ways to supplement his income. He undertook private clerical work, did accounting for farmers, wrote and read letters for the illiterate, and worked as a postmaster. He also worked for a time as clerk for the Agricultural Society. In 1858 he was working in the store set up by James Drummond (junior). This was strategically placed on the road between the town of Toodyay and the Pensioner Village at the now closed Hiring Depot, and the junction of the road that went north through the Toodyay Valley to Victoria Plains and Champion Bay. This region was being opened up for the pastoral industry.

In 1860 the Pensioner Village and former Depot became the nucleus of the new town of Newcastle. The town of Toodyay was subject to periodic flooding and the decision was made to create a new town further upstream on the higher ground of the Depot site. In 1862 Governor Hampton arrived and ordered the Convict Hiring Depots to be re-opened. This was a boon to Wroth when he won the Commissariat contract to provide provisions for the convict road parties. By then he also had a butchering business.

Wroth was also involved with teaching. For a time he ran an evening school in Newcastle, before taking on the temporary role of teacher of his own children and those of Drummond's workmen until a government schoolmaster could be appointed. Drummond provided a cottage near his steam mill and this became known as the Steam Mill School. From 1871-76 Wroth served as the first secretary of the Toodyay Education Board. He was also appointed to the Toodyay Road Board to undertake clerical work.

Wroth contracted typhoid resulting in his untimely death on 30 July 1876. His memory and contribution to Western Australia are honoured in one of the plaques laid down in St George's Terrace as part of the State's 150th birthday celebrations.

References

 This article incorporates text by Robyn Taylor available under the CC BY SA 2.5 AU licence.

• Rica Erickson (1988). The Bicentennial Dictionary of Western Australians: pre-1829 – 1888. Vol. 4 R–Z. University of Western Australia Press. p. 3402. ISBN 0 85564 277 7.
• Erickson, Rica, ed. (2009). The Brand on his coat: biographies of some Western Australian convicts. Hesperian Press. ISBN 9780859052498.
• "Papers of John Acton Wroth". Battye Library. Retrieved 2015-11-05.