Vice president
A vice president (in British English: vice-president for governments and director for businesses) is an officer in government or business who is below a president (managing director) in rank. The name comes from the Latin vice meaning 'in place of'.[1] In some countries, the vice president is called the deputy president. In everyday speech, the abbreviation VP can be used.
In government
In government , a vice-president is a person whose primary responsibility is to act in place of the president on the event of his or her death, resignation or incapacity. Vice presidents are either elected jointly with the president as his or her running mate , elected separately, or appointed independently after the president's election.
Most governments with vice presidents have one person in this role at any time, although in some countries there are two or more vice-presidents. If the president is not present, dies, resigns, or is otherwise unable to fulfill his or her duties, the vice president will generally serve as president. In many presidential systems, the vice president does not wield much day-to-day political power, but is still considered an important member of the cabinet. Several vice presidents in the Americas held the position of President of the Senate; this is the case, for example, in Argentina, the United States, and Uruguay. The vice president sometimes assumes some of the ceremonial duties of the president, such as attending functions and events that the actual president may be too busy to attend; the Vice President of the United States, for example, often attends funerals of world leaders on behalf of the President.
In business
In business, "vice president" refers to a rank in management. A vice president usually reports directly to the president or CEO of the company and is a member of the executive management team. Some corporations that use this term may have individuals with the title of vice president responsible for specific business divisions (e.g., Vice President for Sales and Marketing, Vice President for Finance, or Vice President for Human Resources); the closest analogy within the US federal government structure are members of the President's cabinet, who are the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and are generally the heads of the federal executive departments. When there are several vice presidents in a company, these individuals are sometimes differentiated with titles denoting higher positions such as Executive Vice President and/or Senior Vice President with the remaining management team holding the title Vice President. The title of Assistant Vice President or Associate Vice President may be used in large organizations as a subordinate rank to a vice president.
A corporate vice president is an older term that usually denotes a Vice President that is named as a corporate officer by the Board of Directors. Not all Vice Presidents in a company in the modern business environment are named as an official corporate officer.
Officer levels in business administration
- Senior Executive Vice President (SEVP) (uncommon)
- Deputy President (DP) (uncommon)
- Executive Vice President (EVP)
- Senior Vice President (SVP)
- First Vice President (FVP)
- Assistant Vice President or Associate Vice President (AVP)
- Associate or Officer (Assoc/Officer)
For example:
- Microsoft | President - CVP - GM/VP - Partner
- Bank of America | Managing Director/EVP - Director/SVP - VP - AVP - Officer
- Citigroup | Managing Director - Director - SVP - VP - AVP - Officer
- General Motors | President - EVP - GVP - SVP - GM VP(=CVP)
- Hewlett Packard | EVP - SVP - VP
- Xerox | President/CVP - SVP - VP
- Apple | SVP - VP - Director
- BASF | CEO - President - SVP - VP
- Samsung | President - EVP - SVP - VP
| Rank | U.S. Executive Officer | U.K. Executive Officer | Investment Bank Executive Officer | Military Rank (Army/Air Force and Navy) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | President | Managing Director | President | General or Admiral |
| 2 | Vice President or DP/SEVP/EVP/SVP (if used) | Deputy Managing Director | Deputy President or SEVP or EVP | Lieutenant General or Vice Admiral |
| 3 | Executive VP, Group VP, or Vice President (if no EVP/GVP) | Executive Director | Senior Managing Director | Major General or Rear Admiral (Upper Half) |
| 4 | Senior VP or Vice President (if no SVP) | Director | Managing Director | Brigadier General or Rear Admiral (Lower Half) |
| 5 | Associate VP or Assistant VP | Deputy Director | Executive Director | Colonel or Captain |
Of course, this comparison is not strictly correct, as "director" is a legal term, meaning someone registered with the relevant country's company registrar (or simply named in the legal documents, for countries not having company registration) as having managerial control of the company, and having legal responsibility for its operation, whilst a Vice President does not. In either case the responsibilities may be overall to the company, a region (US, EMEA, CEE...), business unit or function such as Sales, Marketing, IT etc.
Expanded use
In large brokerage firms and investment banks, there are usually several Vice Presidents in each local branch office, the title being sometimes a marketing approach for customers, than denoting an actual managerial position within the company. Some companies liberally give out the job title vice president,[2] perhaps as an inexpensive way for a company to recognize employees, or perhaps because of delayering when an employee can't be moved higher in the organization but still deserves recognition.[3] In these cases, the title merely implies that someone is in middle or upper management.
Usage in other organizations
In other organizations (e.g., trade unions, societies, clubs) one or multiple Vice Presidents are elected by the members of the organization. When multiple vice presidents are elected, the positions are usually numbered to prevent confusion as to who may preside or succeed to the office of president upon vacancy of that office (for example: 1st Vice President, 2nd Vice President, and so on). In some cases vice presidents are given titles due to their specific responsibilities, for example: Vice President of Operations, Finance, etc. In some associations the First Vice President can be interchangeable with Executive Vice President and the remaining Vice Presidents are ranked in order of their seniority.
The primary responsibility of the Vice President of a club or organization is to be prepared to assume the powers and duties of the office of the President in the case of a vacancy in that office. If the office of President becomes vacant, the Vice President (or in clubs with multiple Vice Presidents, the VP that occupies the highest-ranking office), will assume the office of President, with the lower Vice Presidents to fill in the remaining Vice Presidencies, leaving the lowest Vice Presidency to be filled by either election or appointment. If the bylaws of a club specifically provide of the Officer title of President-Elect, that officer would assume the powers and duties of the President upon vacancy of that office.
References
- ^ "vice", etymologyonlive.com
- ^ According to The Economist, on the website LinkedIn, the title of vice-president grew 426% faster than website membership growth, from 2005 to 2009
- ^ "The Legal Pitfalls of Job Title Inflation (Part I): Apparent Authority and Employee Misclassification". Association of Corporate Counsel. 2013.