Sténio Vincent
Sténio Vincent | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 30th President of Haiti | |
| In office November 18, 1930 – May 15, 1941 | |
| Preceded by | Louis Eugène Roy |
| Succeeded by | Élie Lescot |
| Minister of Interior and Public Works | |
| In office August 8, 1916 – April 17, 1917 | |
| President | Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave |
| Preceded by | Constant Vieux |
| Succeeded by | Osmin Cham (Interior) Etienne Magloire (Public Works) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | February 22, 1874 Port-au-Prince, Haiti |
| Died | September 3, 1959 (aged 85) Port-au-Prince, Haiti |
| Profession | Lawyer |
Sténio Joseph Vincent (February 22, 1874 – September 3, 1959)[1] was President of Haiti from November 18, 1930 to May 15, 1941.
Biography
Sténio Vincent was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti and was a member of the mulatto (African and European descent) elite.[2]
Presidency
In October 1930 Haitians chose a national assembly for the first time since 1918. It elected Vincent as President of Haiti. He graduated from law school at age 18 before ascending to head of Haiti's Chamber of Deputies by 1915.[3] He ran a nationalist campaign for the presidency based on his fierce opposition to the American occupation of the Haiti.
After US Marines left in 1934, Vincent turned to a more authoritarian leadership style. Leading dissidents such as Jacques Roumain and Max Hudicourt were followed, spied on, and imprisoned for their political activity. The United States became Haiti's largest trading partner. By mid-decade, Vincent was considered "one of the staunchest pro-Americans in the hemisphere." In 1935, a plebiscite extended his term to 1941 and amended the constitution so that future presidents would be elected by popular vote.[4]
In October 1937 troops and police from the Dominican Republic massacred thousands of Haitian labourers living near the border in the Parsley Massacre. He had enjoyed a cooperative relationship with and financial support from the government of Dominican President Rafael Trujillo. After two years of relative quiet in Port-au-Prince, protests from various sectors of the population broke out against Vincent's response to the massacre. The Dominican government agreed in 1938 to compensate the slain workers’ relatives the following year.
In 1941, Vincent declared his intention to step down and the presidency was peacefully transitioned to his successor, Élie Lescot.
References
- ^ Profil de Sténio Vincent
- ^ "Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience". Retrieved 4 March 2014.
- ^ HAITI: Five More Years for Stenio – TIME Magazine
- ^ "Haiti". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Retrieved 30 July 2008.
- Smith, Matthew J. Red & Black in Haiti: Radicalism, Conflict, and Political Change, 1934–1957. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009.
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