Srbulja

Srbulје are liturgical books written or printed on Serboslavonic language^[1] which was the written language of Serbs between 12th century and 1830's.^[2]

Etimology

The oldest mention of the term "Srbulje" is in a letter written to Jernej Kopitar by Vuk Karadžić on 1 August 1816.^[3] One of the reasons for designating a particular name for old printed or written Serbian language books was to differentiate them from Russian language books.^[4]

History

Srbulje, which were published in different time periods and in various places, include both manuscripts and printed books.

Printed Srbulje

Srbulje were printed in 15th and 16th century. The first book printed on Serbian language is Cetinje Octoechos (Serbian: Октоих) which is of exceptional importance as the fist book printed on Serbian language.^[5] It was printed by Hieromonk Makarije in the Crnojević printing house, established Đurađ Crnojević.

During 16th century srbulje were printed in many other printing shops, including Serbian Venetian Printing House, Goražde printing house, Rujno Monastery printing house and many other. Most of printing houses were established in churches and monasteries, which was by some scholars percieved as an evidence that Serbian Orthodox Church still recieved significant income.^[6] According to some authors, printing houses were deliberately established in remote churches and monasteries like in case of Mrkšina Crkva, Rujno Monastery printing house and Goražde printing house, based on the plan of the Patriarchate of Peć, to hide their activities from the Ottomans.^[7]

Jerolim Zagurović and Vićenco Vuković were the last printers of printed srbulje.^[8] There was only one book printed in 1638 in Venice by Bartholomew Ginami, but that was only a reprint of psalter with book of hours published by Zagurović in 1569.^[9]

Early 19th century collecting

At the beginning of the 19th century collectionaries from many different countries, including Vuk Karadžić, collected srbulje. In Montenegro and Herzegovina this task was performed by Vuk Popović (priest from Kotor) and Vuk Vrčević, on behalf of Vuk Karadžić.^[10] ^[11] Vuk Popović received from Vuk Karadžić new liturgical books printed on Serbian language and exchanged them for srbulje.^[12] Three Vuks (Karadžić, Popović and Vrčević) with support of Russian scholars collected almost all remaining srbulje from Montenegro.^[13] Besides from Montenegro, Vuk Karadžić also received srbulje from Dalmatia, Zadar, Osijek, Sombor, etc...^[14] Every time he travelled to Serbia Karadžić would use the opportunity to visit monasteries and prepare lists of their old liturgical books. This activities were not always welcomed by the people in service of knjaz Miloš Obrenović in Kragujevac.^[15]

Replacing with Russian books

The influence of Russian language liturgical books began since 1726 trough Russian school in Karlovci. Based on the monastic rules of Vikentije Jovanović (Metropolitan of Karlovci) liturgical books had to be on Russian language.^[16] At the beginning of 19th century srbulje became scarce so churches had to import and use liturgical books on Russian language.^[17] During 1830's srbulje were replaced with books written on Russian language.^[18]

References

^ Gil'ferding 1972, p. 31.
^ Srpska 1995, p. 953.
^ Letopis 1995, p. 395.
^ Milosavljević 2003, p. 100.
^ Marković 1968, p. 44.
^ Milivoje Urošević (1968). Pregled istorije književnosti naroda Jugoslavije do XVIII veka. Zavod za izdavanje udžbenika Socijalističke Republike Srbije. p. 150.
^ Popović, Bogdan; Skerlić, Jovan (1935). Srpski književni glasnik. p. 219. Или, још пре, штампарија у Београду могла је бити и нешто независнија по свом карактеру. Али је главно и упадљиво: штампарије су подизане у манастирима склоњенијим од удара као Мркшина Црква, Горажд, Рујан, ...
^ Jakić 1866, p. xxvi.
^ Samardžić 1993, p. 409.
^ Rotković 1975, p. 19.
^ Vijesnik 1989, p. 42.
^ Maksimović 1997, p. 59.
^ Zbornik 1964, p. 366"Три Вука, Караџић, Врчевић и Поповић, скоро су опустошили Црну Гору у погледу србуља (припомогли су и руски научници). Изнели су их на товаре. То се види из њихове преписке. "
^ Svjetlost 1988, p. 590.
^ Bibliotekar 1986, p. 16.
^ Zbornik 1964, p. 40.
^ Poljanec 1980, p. 205.
^ Skerlić 2014, p. 34.

Sources

Zbornik (1964). Zbornik Matice srpske za književnost i jezik. Matica srpska. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Gil'ferding, Aleksandr Fedorovič (1972). Poězdka po Gercegovině, Bosnii i Staroj Serbii. Veselin Masleša. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Vrčević, Vuk; Rotković, Radoslav (1975). Maštanija. Pobjeda. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Poljanec, Miroslav (1980). Glazbena baština naroda i narodnosti Jugoslavije od 16. do 19. stoljeća. Varaždin. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Bibliotekar (1986). Bibliotekar. Savez bibliotečkih radnika Srbije. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Svjetlost (1988). Život. Svjetlost. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Vijesnik (1989). Vjesnik bibliotekara Hrvatske. Mazuranicev. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Letopis (1995). Летопис Матице српске. У Српској народној задружној штампарији. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
* Samardžić, Radovan (1993). Istorija srpskog naroda: pt. 1-2. Srbi pod tudinskom vlashdu 1537-1699. Srpska knjiiževna zadruga. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Maksimović, Vojislav (1997). Vuk i sljedbenici. Srpsko prosvjetno i kulturno društvo "Prosvjeta". {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Milosavljević, Petar (2003). Uvod u srbistiku. Trebnik. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Skerlić, Jovan (14 January 2014). Istorija nove srpske književnosti. eBook Portal. GGKEY:CB9ZF6Y81C9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Jakić (1866). Priměri starohèrvatskoga jezika iz glagolskih i cirilskih knjževnih starinah: sastavljeni za sedmi i osmi gomnazijalni razred. Uvod i priměri starohrvatski. Jakić. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)