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Hemoglobin D-Punjab

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Hemoglobin D Punjab is one of the sub variant of Hemoglobin D (HbD). Hemoglobin D (HbD) is an inherited variant of hemoglobin A caused by a deviance in the beta chain. It is so named because of higher gene frequency of HbD Punjab in the Punjab region of India and Pakistan. It is also the most frequent abnormal hemoglobin variant in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. Studies indicated that Hemoglobin D-Punjab accounted for over 55.6% of the total hemoglobin variants there. Hemoglobin D was first discovered in the early fifties in a mixed British and American family of Indian origin from the Los Angeles area; hence it is also sometimes called as “D Los Angeles”. Hemoglobin D is the 4th common hemoglobin variance developed as a response to the selective pressures of malaria.

Linkage with Hemoglobin D Trait

When a person has both Hemoglobin A and Hemoglobin D, he is said to have the Hemoglobin D Trait. Although such person do not have Hemoglobin D disease or sickle cell disease, they can pass hemoglobin D trait to their children. It is important to know about the trait because parents who have hemoglobin D trait can have a child with Hemoglobin D disease, Hemoglobin SD disease or Beta-thalassemia Disease. Among the seven known types of haemoglobin D, only haemoglobin D Punjab, can cause a serious hemoglobin disorder. A DNA test is needed to acertain that a person who carries hemoglobin D definitely carries hemoglobin D Punjab.

Symptoms of Hemoglobin D Disease

Hemoglobin D Disease can cause mild hemolytic anemia and mild to moderate splenomegaly. The anemia usually occurs in the first few months of life. That is the time when the Fetal Hemoglobin decreases and hemoglobin D increases.

References

1. Tyagi S, Marwaha N, Parmar V, Basu S. Sickle cell hemoglobin-D Punjab disease (Compound Heterozygous state). Ind J Hematol Blood Transf 2000;18:31-2. 2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1715661/ 3. http://www.idph.state.il.us/HealthWellness/fs/hemoglobin_d.htm 4. http://health.utah.gov/newbornscreening/Disorders/HB/Hb_D_Disease_DD/FactSheet_Provider_HbDD_En.pdf 5. www.chime.ucl.ac.uk/APoGI/data/rtf/hb/carriers/b/dp/carbook.rtf

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