Sima Rangju

Sima Rangju (Chinese:司马穰苴) or Tian Rangju (Chinese:田穰苴) (unknown date of birth and death) was a famous Chinese military general during the Spring and Autumn period, often seen as the spiritual successor of Jiang Ziya. He served in the State of Qi, defending it from the States of Jin (晋) and Yan (燕), and went as high in the army as Da Sima, the Minister of War. As a result, he is also sometimes called Sima Rangju . He was later dismissed by the Duke Jing of Qi (齐景公), who apparently listened to hypocrites, falsely accusing Rangju. He was depressed and fell ill, resulting in his death. Little is known about his life due to the lack of historical records, but his thoughts and ideas passed on. His works were later composed into a book called The Methods of the Sima.He was highly praised by Sima Qian, a famous Chinese historian.

Life

The Prime minister of Duke Jing of Qi, Yan Ying (晏樱) recommended Rangju to the duke and became a general. He was ordered to restore territory lost to the States of Jin and Yan. In order to build his prestige within the army, he suggested to the Duke to send someone to oversee his actions. The Duke sent Zhuang Gu (庄贾) as the overseer. Zhuang Gu was always arrogant, and he was late attending a parade. Rangju followed the regulations and ordered for Zhuang Gu to be killed. When a messenger sent by Zhuang Gu retrieved a document, giving Zhuang Gu the command of the army. Rangju said: "When the general is commanding an army, he can disobey orders from the King." He then asked a law officer: "What punishment does he deserve for galloping in the army camp? " The answer was "execution". Rangju then killed the messenger for galloping freely inside the army camp, also killing his horse and destroyed his cart.

Rangju enforced the laws with fairness and his prestige increased rapidly within the army. He defeated the armies of Jin and Yan, restoring lost land. He was promoted to Da Sima, the Minister of War. His family, the Tians, also became more powerful. Some other families under the Duke of Qi including the Baos (鲍), the Gaos (高) and the Guos (国) saw him as a threat and slandered false allegations of Rangju in front of the Duke. In the end, the Duke dismissed Rangju. Rangju died very soon. The next leader of the Tian family Tian Qi (田乞) therefore despised those three families. The son of Tian Qi, called Tian Chang (田常), later destroyed the three families.

Tian Chang's great grandson King Wei of Qi (齐威王) organised the works of Rangju and it was known as the The Precepts of War, also known as the The Methods of the Sima.

See also

• The Methods of the Sima
• Seven Military Classics
• State of Qi
• The Art of War
• Spring and Autumn Period
• Jiang Ziya

References

[1]穰苴斩监----田穰苴(战国) [2]司马穰苴