User:Mandsford/1909
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| 1978 | ||||||
The following events occurred in November 1978:
November 1, 1978 (Wednesday)
- Born: Jessica Valenti, American feminist writer and newspaper columnist; in New York City
November 2, 1978 (Thursday)
- At 8:00 pm, the Republic of Ireland's second television channel, RTÉ 2 went on the air.
November 3, 1978 (Friday)
- The Caribbean island nation of Dominica gained its independence from the United Kingdom.
November 4, 1978 (Saturday)
- The Presidential Records Act, changing the ownership of a U.S. President's records to the National Archives, rather than allowing former presidents to retain their business records, was signed into law by U.S. President Jimmy Carter. The new law was enacted after former President Richard Nixon sought, after his resignation in 1974, to destroy his records as president.
- The Solar Photovoltaic Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1978 was signed into law in the U.S. as the first federal law for developing solar power as an alternative to fossil fuels.
- Died: Charles D. Tandy, 60, American entrepreneur and chairman of the Tandy Corporation that owned the Radio Shack chain of electronics stores, died of a heart attack while sleeping.[1]
November 5, 1978 (Sunday)
- All 17 people on a Nile Delta Air Services flight in Egypt were killed when the Douglas DC-3 plunged into the Mediterranean Sea shortly after takeoff from the airport at Alexandria. All of the passengers were employees of the Western Desert Petroleum Company and were on their way to the Um Barka Oil Field.[2]
- Born:
- Bubba Watson (Garry Watson Jr.), American golfer, 2012 and 2014 Masters Tournament champion; in Bagdad, Florida
- Xavier Tondo, Spanish cyclist, winner of the 2007 Volta a Portugal (killed in freak accident 2011)[3]
November 6, 1978 (Monday)
- The People's Republic of China launched its program to eradicate illiteracy, at the time estimated to be at 25 percent, with as much as 40% for young and middle-aged people. On the proposal of the de facto leader, Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping, the the State Council promulgated the "Directives on the Issues of Literacy". The decree reversed a policy that had been promoted for more than a decade during the Cultural Revolution by Zhang Chunqiao that "the whole country being illiterate is also a victory."[4]
- The "401(k)", the most popular retirement savings plan in American history, was created by the signing into law of the Revenue Act of 1978, an amendment of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. Three weeks later, an enterprising lawyer, Ted Benna, outlined the first plan to take advantage of the provisions of 26 U.S. Code § 401[5], which permitted a delay in taxation of deferred compensation saved from employee payments.[6][7]
- General Gholam Reza Azhari, Chief of Staff of Iran's armed forces, became the new Prime Minister of Iran as a military government was installed by the Shah in order to stop the growing Iranian Revolution.[8] General Azhari served for less than three months, resigning on January 2 following a heart attack, and he fled the country before the Islamic Republic of Iran was declared.[9]
- The New York Times and New York City's most popular morning paper, the tabloid Daily News, resumed publication after having been closed because of a strike on August 10.
- Born: Jolina Magdangal, Filipino singer and actress styled the "Queen of Philippine Pop Culture"; in Quezon City[10]
- Died: U. E. Baughman (Urbanus Edmund Baughman), 73, Chief of the United States Secret Service from 1948 to 1961, author of the memoir Secret Service Chief[11]
November 7, 1978 (Tuesday)
- National elections were held in the United States and India. Former Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi, removed from office in 1977 after having assumed dictatorial powers during her leadership, returned to the Lok Sabha as a member.
- Born: Mohamed Aboutrika, Egyptian footballer with 100 caps for the Egypt national team; in Nahia, Giza[12]
November 8, 1978 (Wednesday)
- Born:
- Ali Karimi, Iranian footballer with 127 caps for the Iran national team; in Karaj
- Moses Michael Levi Barrow Belizean rapper known by his stage name Shyne, and politician who has served as Leader of the Opposition in the Belize House of Representatives; in Belize City[13]
November 9, 1978 (Thursday)
- Born: SisQó (stage name for Mark Althavan Andrews), American R&B singer, lead vocalist for Dru Hill, later a solo artist whose song "Incomplete" reached #1 on Billboard in 2000; in Baltimore[14]
November 10, 1978 (Friday)
- Born:
- Nadine Angerer, German footballer with 146 caps for the Germany national women's team; in Lohr am Main, West Germany[15]
- Eve (Eve Jihan Cooper), American rapper known for the bestselling album "Let There Be Eve...Ruff Ryders' First Lady"; in Philadelphia[16]
- Destra Garcia, female Trinidadian soca music singer; in Laventille
November 11, 1978 (Saturday)
- A meeting to prepare for a plan to overthrow the government of Spain and to restore military rule was convened by the coup leaders, Lieutenant-Colonel Antonio Tejero of Spain's Guardia Civil and Major Ricardo Sáenz de Ynestrillas of the Armed Police Corps, at the Galaxia Cafeteria in Madrid. Codenamed "Operation Galaxia", the coup d'etat was set for November 17, a date chosen because King Juan Carlos would be out of the country on a visit to Mexico, and a large number of generals would be in Madrid to observe the third anniversary of the death of the late president, Generalissimo Francisco Franco. Under the plan, 200 members of the Armed Police would kidnap Prime Minister Adolfo Suarez, halt Spain's transition to democracy and set up a "Government of National Salvation" lead by Tejero. Officers Manuel Vidal Francés, Joaquín Rodríguez Solano and José Luis Alemán intervened of the Spanish Army infantry were present at the meeting and Vidal informed the government of the conspiracy. The coup plotters were arrested the next day.[17][18]
- On the day before it was scheduled to be demolished by implosion[19], the 9-story Connor Hotel in Joplin, Missouri, collapsed without warning while three demolition experts were inside.[20] Two men, Thomas Oaks and Frederick Coe, were killed. A survivor, Alfred Sommers, was buried alive in the rubble but rescued after three days.[21]
- Died: Jack Gardner, 52, British boxer and former heavyweight champion of Europe, died of a brain tumor.[22]
November 12, 1978 (Sunday)
- Born: Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy, Pakistani journalist, activist and filmmaker, winner of two Academy Awards for Best Documentary Short film and three International Emmy Awards for her documentaries; in Karachi
November 13, 1978 (Monday)
- Born: Beatrice Hsu Wei-lun, Taiwanese actress and singer; in Taipei (killed in automobile accident, 2007)
November 14, 1978 (Tuesday)
November 15, 1978 (Wednesday)
- The crash of Loftleidir Flight 001 killed 183 of the 262 people on board, almost all of them Muslims who were returning to Indonesia after completing the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca. The Douglas DC-8 had departed from the Jeddah in Saudi Arabia and was approaching Colombo in Sri Lanka for refueling. After being cleared for landing, the crew underestimated the distance to the runway and crashed into a plantation three miles short of the runway threshold.[23]
November 16, 1978 (Thursday)
- Born: Santiago Peña, President of Paraguay since 2023, former Minister of Finance 2015 to 2017; in Asunción[24]
November 17, 1978 (Friday)
- Born:
- Rachel McAdams, Canadian film and stage actress known for The Notebook, Wedding Crashers, The Time Traveler's Wife; in London, Ontario[25] in London, Ontario
- Reggie Wayne, American football wide receiver, 2007 NFL receiving yards leader; in New Orleans
November 18, 1978 (Saturday)
- In Guyana, Jim Jones led his Peoples Temple cult in a mass murder–suicide in his commune, Jonestown, that claimed 909 of them at Jonestown itself, including over 270 children. U.S. Representative Representative Leo J. Ryan was assassinated by members of Peoples Temple shortly beforehand.
- The sinking of an Air Guadeloupe flight killed 15 of the 20 people aboard. The Twin Otter 300 airplane was approaching Marie Galante after its departure from Pointe-à-Pitre and was within two miles of landing when it struck the ocean and then sank in waters 40 feet (12 m) deep.[26]
- Born:
- Damien Johnson, Northern Irish footballer with 56 caps for the Northern Ireland national team
- Aldo Montano, Italian fencer and 2004 Olympic gold medalist in the individual sabre competition; in Livorno
November 19, 1978 (Sunday)
- Born: Mahé Drysdale, New Zealand rower, five-time worl champion in the single sculls, five time New Zealand Sportsman of the Year; in Melbourne, Australia[27]
- All 77 people aboard an Indian Air Force jet were killed, along with a woman inside her home, when the Antonov An-12 struck the building while attempting to land at the Leh Airport at the end of a flight from Chandigarh.[28]
November 20, 1978 (Monday)
- ISEE-3, the third in the U.S. series of International Sun-Earth Explorer satellites, became the first object from Earth to be placed at a "Lagrange point" where it was equally affected by the gravity of the Earth and of the Sun.[29] Held in place at the L1 point, approximately 930,000 miles (1,500,000 km) ISEE-3 from Earth, confirmed that suspension between gravitational fields of two different large bodies was possible.[29]
- Whaling, the practice of hunting and killing whales, came to an end in Australia as the Cheyne Beach Whaling Company killed its final prey and then shut down. The last whale killed in Australia was a sperm whale, harpooned in Frenchman Bay near Albany, Western Australia.[30]
- Died: Hugh Dow, 92, British colonial administrator for whom the Dow Medical College in Pakistan is named[31]
November 21, 1978 (Tuesday)
- All 28 people on a TAV (Taxi Aéreo El Venado) airplane in Venezuela were killed when the DC-3 crashed into Mount Judio, near Rubio, at an altitude of 11,200 feet. The flight had departed from Cúcuta-Camilo Daza Airport en route to Arauca-Santiago Pérez Airport.[32]
November 22, 1978 (Wednesday)
- The sinking of an overcrowded wooden fishing vessel drowned 254 Vietnamese refugees, including 60 women and 50 children, the day after the boat they were on was turned away from the Malaysian island of Pulau Bidong, north of Kuala Trengganu. Only 51 people survived the accident.[33]
November 23, 1978 (Thursday)
- A cyclone that killed 915 people struck Sri Lanka in the Indian Ocean, making landfall at Batticaloa, reaching peak intensity with 140 miles per hour (230 km/h) winds by the evening. The next day, the storm made a second landfall at India, striking Kilakkarai in the Tamil Nadu state with winds of 50 miles per hour (80 km/h).[34]
- The Geneva Frequency Plan of 1975 (GE75) took effect, shifting AM radio band frequencies in Europe, Africa and Asia to multiples of 9, with drastic shifts on BBC stations.Cite error: The
<ref>tag has too many names (see the help page). As a result, BBC Radio Scotland and BBC Radio Wales, formerly part of BBC Radio 4, became independent radio networks, with Scotland on 810 KHz AM and Wales on 882 KHz AM.Cite error: The<ref>tag has too many names (see the help page).
November 24, 1978 (Friday)
- China started its experimental "household responsibility system", a departure from the communal living enforced during the Mao Zedong era, in Anhui Province.
- Born: Katherine Heigl, American actress, 2007 recipient of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress for Grey's Anatomy; in [[Washington D.C.
November 25, 1978 (Saturday)
- Born: Ringo Sheena (stage name for Yumiko Shiina), Japanese singer and musician
November 26, 1978 (Sunday)
- Two British commercial divers, Michael Ward and Tony Prangley, died of hypothermia in the East Shetland Basin after their diving bell plunged to the seabed at a depth of over 100 metres (330 ft).[35][36]
November 27, 1978 (Monday)
- San Francisco Mayor George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk were assassinated by a disgruntled former Supervisor, Dan White.
November 28, 1978 (Tuesday)
- The first "night game" in the sport of cricket was played as the new World Series Cricket competition installed floodlights at the Sydney Cricket Ground for the match between WSC Australia XI and WSC West Indies, allowing a limited overs contest that had started in the afternoon to continue after dusk. Although only 8,000 people were present at the 2:30 start, the crowd had increased to 44,374 as more fans arrived after getting off from work.[37]
- Died: André Morell (stage name for Cecil Andre Mesritz), 69, English stage, film and TV actor[38]
November 29, 1978 (Wednesday)
- The last earthquake to be successfully forecast in advance caused major damage and killed eight people in Mexico City and had been expected . The 7.8 magnitude tremor struck at 11:52 in the morning and had been expected because of irregular seismic activities in the area before the main shock. Only one other earthquake, on August 1, 1975 in Oroville, California, had been expected because of similar activity.
November 30, 1978 (Thursday)
- Born:
- Clay Aiken, American singer-songwriter and author; in Raleigh, North Carolina, winner of four Billboard Awards
- Gael García Bernal, Mexican actor and BAFTA Award for Best Actor winner for The Motorcycle Diaries and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor for Mozart in the Jungle' in Guadalajara[39]
- Robert Kirkman, American comic book writer and producer, and co-creator of The Walking Dead comic series later adapted to television; in Lexington, Kentucky[40]
- ^ "Charles Tandy, 60, Industrialist". The New York Times. 1978-11-06. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
- ^ Aviation Safety Network
- ^ "Xavi Tondo: Anti-doping cyclist who died just as his career was". The Independent. 26 May 2011. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
- ^ "Chinese Adult Education in Transition", by Jianliang Wang and Nat Colletta, in Chinese Education: Problems, Policies, and Prospects, Irving Epstein, ed. (Taylor & Francis, 2017)
- ^ "26 U.S. Code § 401 - Qualified pension, profit-sharing, and stock bonus plans", Section (k) "Cash or Deferred Arrangments", Cornell Law School
- ^ "About Johnson, Kendall & Johnson".
- ^ Olshan, Jeremy. "The inventor of the 401(k) says he created a 'monster'". MarketWatch. Retrieved 2021-02-07.
- ^ Nikazmerad, Nicholas M. (1980). "A Chronological Survey of the Iranian Revolution". Iranian Studies. 13 (1/4): 327–368. doi:10.1080/00210868008701575. JSTOR 4310346.
- ^ "Gholamreza Azhari, 83; Briefly Served as Iran's Prime Minister". Los Angeles Times. 18 November 2001. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ "Jolina Magdangal showered with love on her 40th birthday". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
- ^ "Urbanus E. Baughman Jr. Dies At 73", The New York Times, November 9, 1978
- ^ "Mohamed Abo Trika". soccerway.com.
- ^ "Moses Jamal 'Shyne' Barrow – Sworn In As New 'Leader of The Opposition'". Digital Belize Dot Live. 25 June 2021. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ^ Birchmeier, Jason. "Sisqó > Biography". AllMusic.
- ^ Knight, Matthew (14 January 2015). "Nadine Angerer: The 'nobody' who became belle of the Ballon d'Or". CNN. Archived from the original on 24 June 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
- ^ "Adamant Eve". People. September 23, 2002.
- ^ "Penas mínimas, de siete y seis meses y un día, para los autores de la "Operación Galaxia" (Minimum sentences of seven years and six months and a day for the plotters of Operation Galaxia". El País. May 8, 1980.|access-date=January 17, 2014}}
- ^ Paul Preston, Triumph of Democracy in Spain, (Routledge, 2004) isbn=9780203392966
- ^ "Connor Hotel demolition Sunday". Springfield News and Leader. November 11, 1978. p. 8A.
- ^ Firestone, David (November 12, 1978). "Hotel Ruins Lifted In Search for Three". The Kansas City Star. p. 1A.
- ^ "Buried Alive - Return to the Connor Hotel", by Dowe Quick, KOAM-TV, June 11, 2015
- ^ "Jack Gardner, former champ, dies at 52". Sunday Mercury (Birmingham, England). November 12, 1978. p. 43.
- ^ Aviation Safety Network
- ^ "La madre argentina de Santiago Peña cuenta el camino de su hijo para convertirse en presidente electo de Paraguay". La Nacion (Buenos Aires). May 2, 2023.
- ^ "Celebrities you didn't know were Canadian", Los Angeles Times, January 24, 2014
- ^ Aviation Safety Network
- ^ "Mahé Drysdale". olympedia.org.
- ^ Aviation Safety Network
- ^ a b "ISEE-3/ICE". Solar System Exploration. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "'An unpleasant business': the last Australian whale hunt", by Graham Readfearn, The Guardian, November 20, 2018
- ^ Dow, Hugh (1976). "A note on the Sindhi alphabet". Asian Affairs. 7 (1): 54–56. doi:10.1080/03068377608729783.
- ^ Aviation Safety Network
- ^ "200 Viet Refugees Drown as Ship, Denied Port, Sinks". Los Angeles Times. November 23, 1978. p. I-1.
- ^ "1978 Very Severe Cyclonic Storm NOT_NAMED (1978323N08092)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. National Centers for Environmental Information; University of North Carolina Asheville. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- ^ Limbrick, Jim (2001). North Sea Divers – a Requiem. Hertford: Authors OnLine. pp. 157–58. ISBN 0-7552-0036-5.
- ^ Smart, Michael (2011). Into the Lion's Mouth: The Story of the Wildrake Diving Accident. Medford, Oregon: Lion's Mouth Publishing. pp. 348–355. ISBN 978-0-615-52838-0.
- ^ "Big crowd at night cricket". The Press (Canterbury NZ). November 29, 1978. p. 6.
- ^ "Mr Andre Morell - Stage, film and television actor". The Times. 1978-11-30. p. 19.
- ^ "Gael García Bernal: he plays everybody's favorite revolutionary onscreen, but he's not just playacting, Interview". Archived from the original on 29 July 2013.
- ^ "Kentuckian who created 'Walking Dead' comes home for a chat". Lexington Herald-Leader. Kentucky. October 26, 2012. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
