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Leavenworth, Washington

Coordinates: 47°35′42″N 120°39′46″W / 47.59500°N 120.66278°W / 47.59500; -120.66278
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Leavenworth
City
Leavenworth's main street was modeled on a Bavarian village.
Leavenworth's main street was modeled on a Bavarian village.
Location of Leavenworth, Washington
Location of Leavenworth, Washington
Coordinates: 47°35′42″N 120°39′46″W / 47.59500°N 120.66278°W / 47.59500; -120.66278
CountryUnited States
StateWashington
CountyChelan
Established1885
IncorporatedSeptember 5, 1906
Government
 • MayorCarl Florea[1]
Area
[2]
 • Total1.47 sq mi (3.81 km2)
 • Land1.45 sq mi (3.76 km2)
 • Water0.02 sq mi (0.05 km2)
Elevation
[3]
1,168 ft (356 m)
Population
 (2020)[4]
 • Total2,263
 • Density1,396.42/sq mi (539.20/km2)
Time zoneUTC-8 (PST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-7 (PDT)
ZIP code
98826
Area code509
FIPS code53-38845
GNIS feature ID2410814[3]
WebsiteCity of Leavenworth

Leavenworth is a city in Chelan County, Washington, United States. It is part of the Wenatchee−East Wenatchee Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,263 at the 2020 census.[4] The entire town center is modeled on a German Bavarian village as part of a civic initiative that began in the 1960s.

History

The area near the confluence of Icicle Creek and the Wenatchee River in modern-day Leavenworth is within the traditional territories of the indigenous Wenatchi and Yakama peoples.[5] The tribes had settlements on both waterways, including the villages of scəm̓ ̓áw̓s and sĭnpŭsqốĭsoḣ near modern-day Leavenworth, which was also a camas and root-gathering area.[6] The Wenatchi and Yakama were signatories to the 1855 Treaty of Walla Walla; an Indian reservation for the Wenatchi covering 36 square miles (93 km2) around a fishery at the confluence was promised in the treaty but never surveyed by the federal government. Most members of the Wenatchi relocated to the Colville Indian Reservation and Yakama Indian Reservation in the early 20th century, while few remained in the Leavenworth and Cashmere area.[5][7]

The first non-native settlers in the area established a community named Icicle Flats on the south side of the Wenatchee River in 1891.[8] The Great Northern Railway purchased land on the north side of the river for a division point and railyard for its route across Stevens Pass in October 1892, which prompted residents to move across the river. A new town was established there in 1893 and named Leavenworth for Charles Leavenworth, a Portland-based land investor with the Okanogan Investment Company who surveyed the site and laid its streets.[9][10] The Stevens Pass route, which connected Seattle to Wenatchee, was completed in January 1893 and was the final section of the transcontinental Great Northern Railway.[11]

Lafayette Lamb arrived in 1903 from Clinton, Iowa, to build the second largest sawmill in Washington. Leavenworth was officially incorporated on September 5, 1906. A small timber community, it became a regional office of the Great Northern Railway in the early 1900s. The railroad relocated to Wenatchee in 1925, greatly affecting Leavenworth's economy. The city's population declined well into the 1950s as the lumber mills closed and stores relocated.[12]

The city looked to tourism and recreation as a major economy as early as 1929, when they opened a ski jump.[13] In 1962, the Project LIFE (Leavenworth Improvement For Everyone) Committee was formed in partnership with the University of Washington to investigate strategies to revitalize the struggling logging town. The theme town idea was created by two Seattle businessmen, Ted Price and Bob Rodgers, who had bought a failing cafe on Highway 2 in 1960.[14] Price was chair of the Project LIFE tourism subcommittee, and in 1965 the pair led a trip to a Danish-themed town, Solvang, California, to build support for the idea. The first building to be remodeled in the Bavarian style was the Chikamin Hotel, which owner LaVerne Peterson[15] renamed the Edelweiss after the state flower of Bavaria.[8][16]

Geography

Bavarian Ritz Hotel
Downtown Leavenworth, 1,500 feet (460 m) below, as viewed from the adjacent Icicle Ridge on an August afternoon

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.25 square miles (3.24 km2), of which, 1.23 square miles (3.19 km2) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km2) is water.[17]

Geology

Leavenworth sits on the southeast side of the North Cascades collage, which is a group of terranes that accreted to North America all about the same time. Marine fossils indicate that the terranes were probably a group of islands originating in the South Pacific hundreds of million years ago. The terranes arrived at North America about 90 million years ago in the middle of the Cretaceous period. When they smashed into their new home, they were a puzzle of north–south slices. As accretion continued, they were cut into horizontal (east-west) slices.

During the Eocene epoch, about 50 million years ago, the area was once again cut into vertical slices, creating among others, the Leavenworth fault and the Entiat fault. In between these two faults the Chiwaukum graben was created. This graben is about 12 miles wide and trends northwest from Wenatchee for about 50 miles. As the graben dropped, it began to fill with clastic sediment from the surrounding hills, creating the Chumstick formation. About 30 million years ago in the Oligocene epoch, the Chiwaukum graben underwent compressional deformation creating several folds in the region that are visible today. Leavenworth is on the western edge of the graben; in fact, the Leavenworth fault runs through the western edge of town. The area to the west and southwest of Leavenworth was created in the middle Cretaceous period with the uplift of the Mount Stuart batholith, forming the granite rock seen today in Icicle Ridge and Tumwater Mountain.

During the Pleistocene and into the Holocene epochs, an alpine glacier originating from the southwest in the Mount Stuart range made its way to where the town is today. Leavenworth sits on the terminal moraine of that glacier. The residential parts of town display many glacial erratics that originated 20 miles up the Icicle Valley near Mount Stuart.

About 19,000 years ago, a large rock slide dammed the Columbia River near Rock Island, just south of Wenatchee. The temporary dam, in conjunction with one of the Lake Missoula floods, caused the water to flow back up the Wenatchee Valley, where it was stopped by the glacier at Leavenworth. As the leading edge of the glacier interacted with the flood, ice rafts formed carrying granite erratics from the Stuart batholith, which ended up in the town of Dryden about 15 miles down the valley from Leavenworth. As the glacier retreated, the south side of Leavenworth was a lake dammed up by the moraine. The bridge on the east side of town is a good vantage point to see where the Wenatchee River cuts through the moraine today.

Climate

Leavenworth has a continental Mediterranean climate (Köppen Dsb) with summers characterized by hot, sunny days and chilly nights, and cold, snowy winters.

During the summer, the weather is typically anticyclonic due to the presence of the North Pacific anticyclone, with resultant clear skies and large diurnal temperature ranges. Rainfall is limited by the Cascade rain shadow as well as by the anticyclone, and all months from May to October have recorded zero precipitation on occasions, including 114 consecutive days without precipitation from June to October 2003. When a continental flow enters the Columbia Basin, the temperature can be very hot during the day, with the hottest temperature being 110 °F or 43.3 °C during the heatwave of July 1941. However, on cooler, stiller days, summer nights can still be cold and frosts have been recorded as early as August 29 in 1980.

The fall months have steady cooling and a gradual increase in the frequency of frontal storms producing rainfall, while winter weather is typically cold and snowy, with an annual mean snowfall of 90.1 inches or 2.29 metres and a maximum monthly total of 92.3 inches (2.34 m) recorded in December 1996. The snowiest season has been from July 1968 to June 1969 with 217.2 inches (5.52 m) and the least snowy from July 1962 to June 1963 when just 19.4 inches (0.49 m) of snow fell. The lowest temperature recorded in Leavenworth was −36 °F (−37.8 °C) on December 30, 1968, but typically five mornings per year will fall at or below 0 °F or −17.8 °C.

The wettest "rain year" was recorded from July 1955 to June 1956 with a total of 41.13 inches (1,044.7 mm) and the driest was from July 1929 to June 1930 with 11.77 inches (299.0 mm). The spring months see gradual warming and drying, though frosts remain frequent well into the start of April. During an average year, over 168 mornings see temperatures fall to freezing or below. May 16 is the average date of last freeze; 2016 was the first year to record a last frost in March.

Climate data for Leavenworth, Washington (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1914-present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 64
(18) 		66
(19) 		79
(26) 		92
(33) 		101
(38) 		109
(43) 		110
(43) 		108
(42) 		104
(40) 		91
(33) 		74
(23) 		66
(19) 		110
(43)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 48.5
(9.2) 		56.2
(13.4) 		67.2
(19.6) 		77.6
(25.3) 		89.4
(31.9) 		93.6
(34.2) 		100.9
(38.3) 		100.9
(38.3) 		93.7
(34.3) 		80.4
(26.9) 		59.1
(15.1) 		46.9
(8.3) 		102.5
(39.2)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 33.5
(0.8) 		42.4
(5.8) 		52.0
(11.1) 		61.3
(16.3) 		71.0
(21.7) 		77.2
(25.1) 		87.0
(30.6) 		86.9
(30.5) 		77.9
(25.5) 		62.1
(16.7) 		43.9
(6.6) 		33.6
(0.9) 		60.7
(16.0)
Daily mean °F (°C) 26.4
(−3.1) 		31.7
(−0.2) 		39.2
(4.0) 		46.7
(8.2) 		55.4
(13.0) 		61.5
(16.4) 		69.0
(20.6) 		68.6
(20.3) 		59.8
(15.4) 		47.6
(8.7) 		35.0
(1.7) 		26.8
(−2.9) 		47.3
(8.5)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 19.4
(−7.0) 		21.1
(−6.1) 		26.3
(−3.2) 		32.0
(0.0) 		39.7
(4.3) 		45.8
(7.7) 		51.0
(10.6) 		50.3
(10.2) 		41.7
(5.4) 		33.1
(0.6) 		26.2
(−3.2) 		20.0
(−6.7) 		33.9
(1.1)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 4.0
(−15.6) 		10.0
(−12.2) 		18.5
(−7.5) 		26.6
(−3.0) 		31.4
(−0.3) 		38.2
(3.4) 		44.0
(6.7) 		43.5
(6.4) 		34.5
(1.4) 		24.7
(−4.1) 		15.6
(−9.1) 		8.6
(−13.0) 		−0.8
(−18.2)
Record low °F (°C) −27
(−33) 		−25
(−32) 		−6
(−21) 		19
(−7) 		24
(−4) 		24
(−4) 		34
(1) 		30
(−1) 		19
(−7) 		11
(−12) 		−7
(−22) 		−36
(−38) 		−36
(−38)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 4.12
(105) 		2.90
(74) 		2.46
(62) 		1.22
(31) 		1.40
(36) 		1.04
(26) 		0.45
(11) 		0.37
(9.4) 		0.76
(19) 		2.37
(60) 		4.08
(104) 		4.52
(115) 		25.69
(652.4)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 22.1
(56) 		12.6
(32) 		4.7
(12) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.3
(0.76) 		8.1
(21) 		32.4
(82) 		80.2
(203.76)
Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) 25.0
(64) 		20.0
(51) 		10.8
(27) 		0.1
(0.25) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.2
(0.51) 		4.5
(11) 		18.5
(47) 		30.1
(76)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 14.0 10.6 9.3 7.0 6.7 5.6 2.8 2.4 4.0 8.9 13.7 14.0 99.0
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 8.7 5.1 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 3.3 8.9 28.9
Source: NOAA[18][19]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
19101,551—
19201,79115.5%
19301,415−21.0%
19401,60813.6%
19501,503−6.5%
19601,480−1.5%
19701,322−10.7%
19801,52215.1%
19901,69211.2%
20002,07422.6%
20101,965−5.3%
20202,263[4]15.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[20]
2015 Estimate[21]

As of the 2010 U.S. Census,[22] there were 1,965 people, 908 households, and 500 families residing in the city. The population density was about 1,598 inhabitants per square mile (617.0/km2). There were 1,241 housing units at an average density of about 1,009 per square mile (389.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.9% White, 0.4% Black, 0.5% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 3.9% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.8% of the population.

There were 908 households, of which about 24% had children under the age of 18 living with them, about 42% were married couples living together, about 10% had a female householder with no husband present, 3% had a male householder with no wife present, and about 45% were non-families. About 37% of all households were made up of individuals, and about 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.84.

The median age in the city was about 42 years. About 20% of residents were under the age of 18; about 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25% were from 25 to 44; about 27% were from 45 to 64; and about 20% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.7% male and 53.3% female.

Culture and tourism

Leavenworth was designed with an Alpine German theme from the 1960s onward, with most buildings modeled after Bavarian settlements and adopting stereotypical fonts and names.[23] However the town retains wide streets and large parking lots which are atypical of Bavaria.[citation needed] The Alpine German architectural theme is enforced for all new businesses, including chain establishments, leading to unusual designs for local fast-food restaurants and other retailers.[24]

The Bavarianization of the town waned by the 1990s but was revived through the establishment of annual events, including an Oktoberfest begun in 1998.[25] The Oktoberfest was later cancelled in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic before the original was moved to Wenatchee beginning in 2022, and the city's Chamber of Commerce started their own Oktoberfest event that remained in town.[26] Leavenworth's transformation into a theme town was inspired, and assisted, by Solvang, California. Later, the Washington town of Winthrop followed Leavenworth's example and adopted a Western town theme.[27]

Leavenworth is home to the Leavenworth Nutcracker Museum, which opened in 1995 and contains more than 7,000 nutcrackers dating from the 16th and 17th centuries to modern examples.[28] The city hosts an annual Christmas tree lighting celebration in December that draws thousands of visitors.[citation needed] By 2001, the city had 19 annual weekend festivals and events.[29]

In November 2007, Good Morning America went to Leavenworth for Holiday Gifts for the Globe where GMA helped light up the town for the Christmas Holiday. Leavenworth was named the Ultimate Holiday Town USA by A&E Network.[30]

Education

Public schools in Leavenworth and the surrounding area are operated by the Cascade School District, which has over 1,300 students.[31] The district has one high school, located in Leavenworth, that was rebuilt in 2019.[32]

Leavenworth is home to the Upper Valley Christian School, which is a private, K-12 school operated by the Leavenworth Church of the Nazarene.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Leavenworth is located on U.S. Route 2, which continues west across Stevens Pass to Snohomish County and east towards Wenatchee.[33] The Chumstick Highway (former State Route 209) travels north from Leavenworth to Plain and Lake Wenatchee State Park.[34]

The city is served by Amtrak's Empire Builder train, which stops daily at Icicle Station near downtown.[33] Link Transit provides local and inter-city public transit services that connect Leavenworth to Wenatchee, as well as local paratransit and a downtown shuttle.[35] A park-and-ride lot in downtown Leavenworth with 30 stalls is served by Link Transit,[36] along with the Wilkommen Park and Ride opened in June 2019.[37] The city also has several private taxi companies and inter-city bus operators, including stops for Northwestern Trailways and Amtrak Thruway.[38]

Utilities

Electric power in Leavenworth and surrounding communities is provided by Chelan County Public Utility District, a nonprofit municipal corporation which serves the entire county.[39] Over 80 percent of the utility's electricity is sourced from hydroelectric dams.[40]

The Leavenworth city government provides tap water to over 1,404 residential and commercial customers with an estimated annual use of 320 million US gallons (1.2 billion litres).[41] Its primary source is Icicle Creek, which originates in the Cascades near Stevens Pass and also serves a federal fish hatchery and nearby orchards.[42][43] The city's use of Icicle Creek was the subject of a decade-long dispute with the Washington State Department of Ecology and conservationists that was settled in 2023 with a revised water rights agreement.[44] Leavenworth also sources a portion of its tap water from three wells near the Wenatchee River that were constructed from 1989 to 2014.[41]

All curbside collection of garbage, recycling, and yard waste has been contracted by the city government to Waste Management since 2019. Prior to the agreement, Waste Management only collected recycling while the city government disposed of garbage.[45]

Healthcare

Leavenworth has one public hospital, Cascade Medical Center, with 12 beds designated for acute care and an on-site rural health clinic. The hospital is operated by the Chelan County Public Hospital District No. 1 and has 150 employees.[46] The hospital was established in 1923 as the Cascade Sanitarium with 26 beds and was expanded to 32 beds in 1947 with the construction of a new wing.[47] A public hospital district was formed in 1965 to fund a new building, which opened in the following decade with 33 beds and was named the Cascade Medical Center.[48][49]

A 16-bed satellite facility for the Cascade Medical Center in Wenatchee opened in July 1997 through a partnership with the Wenatchee Valley Clinic; the rooms included Bavarian-style artwork that was donated by Leavenworth residents.[50] The satellite hospital was intended to improve revenues for Cascade, which had few patients in Leavenworth, but instead left the hospital with $4.7 million in debt.[51] Cascade sold its bed licenses to the Wenatchee Valley Clinic in 2001 for $2.5 million to resolve its remaining debt and end the partnership.[52] Funding for a new, $14 million facility for Cascade in Leavenworth was approved by voters in 2005 through a $8.8 million bond measure.[53] The new hospital opened in November 2010 with a new acute care unit;[48] it was followed by renovations in 2011 to the existing building to house lab space and a larger lobby.[54][55]

See also

References

  1. ^ "New Mayor takes oath of office". Leavenworth Echo. January 2, 2020. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
  2. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  3. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Leavenworth, Washington
  4. ^ a b c "Leavenworth city, Washington". United States Census Bureau. 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2022.
  5. ^ a b Heffter, Emily (July 17, 2003). "A forgotten tribe, a lost homeland". The Seattle Times. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  6. ^ "Chapter 13: Historic and Cultural Resources". Eightmile Dam Rebuild and Restoration (PDF) (Report). Washington State Department of Ecology. June 2024. p. 13-13. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  7. ^ Arksey, Laura (September 6, 2009). "Indians and non-Indians attend three-day powwow at Cashmere beginning on August 20, 1931". HistoryLink. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  8. ^ a b Banel, Feliks (August 27, 2019). "All Over the Map: How Leavenworth became the PNW's own slice of Bavaria". KIRO Radio. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  9. ^ Steigmeyer, Rick (September 3, 2006). "Leavenworth 100: It's the centennial of the town that's gone from boom to bust to a bustling, tourist-filled bit of Bavaria". The Wenatchee World. p. A1. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  10. ^ Schwantes, Carlos A. (1993). Railroad Signatures Across the Pacific Northwest. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 78. ISBN 9780295972107. OCLC 27266208.
  11. ^ Partridge, Michelle (March 21, 1999). "In 1965, the first busload of tourists arrived to see Bavarian Leavenworth". The Wenatchee World. p. 14.
  12. ^ Prochnau, Bill (January 27, 1961). "Leavenworth Folk Deserted Stove For Skis 30 Years Ago". The Seattle Times. p. 11.
  13. ^ Green, Emily (March 11, 2003). "One Couple's Defining Moments: To the Pacific Northwest, They Gave 'Bavarianization'". Los Angeles Times. p. A1. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
  14. ^ Cuyle, Deborah (2017). Ghosts of Leavenworth and the Cascade Foothills. Arcadia Publishing Inc. p. 32. ISBN 9781439662632. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
  15. ^ "Leavenworth -- Thumbnail History - HistoryLink.org".
  16. ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 2, 2012. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
  17. ^ "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
  18. ^ "xmACIS2". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
  19. ^ United States Census Bureau. "Census of Population and Housing". Retrieved August 29, 2013.
  20. ^ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on October 19, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
  21. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
  22. ^ Morton, Caitlin. "The 28 Most Beautiful Towns in America". CN Traveler. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
  23. ^ Hale, Jamie (October 18, 2018). "20 reasons to love Leavenworth, a cute Bavarian village in the Pacific Northwest". The Oregonian. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
  24. ^ Banel, Feliks (August 23, 2019). "All Over the Map: How Leavenworth became the PNW's own slice of Bavaria". MyNorthwest.com. Retrieved October 6, 2021.
  25. ^ Craighead, Callie (October 6, 2021). "Leavenworth Oktoberfest to move to new venue in Wenatchee in 2022 after city denies permit". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved October 6, 2021.
  26. ^ Kirk, Ruth; Alexander, Carmela (1990). Exploring Washington's Past: A Road Guide to History. University of Washington Press. pp. 80, 105. ISBN 0-295-97443-5. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
  27. ^ Hale, Jamie (October 19, 2018). "Nutcracker Museum is an eye-popping attraction in Leavenworth". The Oregonian. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
  28. ^ "In a Town Built Almost Entirely on Tourism, Business Booms". The New York Times. December 31, 2001. p. A9. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
  29. ^ "Holiday Gifts for the Globe". ABC News. February 19, 2009.
  30. ^ "Public School District Directory Information: Cascade School District". Common Core of Data. National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  31. ^ McDaniels, Nevonne (May 20, 2019). "Cascade High School dedication, tours planned for Tuesday". The Wenatchee World. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  32. ^ a b Cantwell, Brian J. (October 29, 2009). "Amtrak to Leavenworth: nice ride to Oompahtown, with a few hiccups". The Seattle Times. p. D6. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  33. ^ "US 2 still closed for 15 miles near Leavenworth due to wildfire". KREM. August 19, 2011. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  34. ^ "Link Transit adds new routes for Chelan and Leavenworth". NCWLife. June 20, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  35. ^ Dunn, Ian (February 15, 2017). "New Link Park and Ride could help alleviate River Bend traffic". The Leavenworth Echo. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  36. ^ Drago, Kalie (June 28, 2019). "Leavenworth celebrates new Park and Ride". The Leavenworth Echo. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  37. ^ "Leavenworth". Northwestern Trailways. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  38. ^ Dunn, Ian (January 23, 2014). "Chelan County PUD to compensate city $30,000 for tax collection mistakes". The Leavenworth Echo. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  39. ^ Washington Electric Utility 2023 Fuel Mix Disclosure Report (PDF) (Report). Washington State Department of Commerce. June 3, 2024. p. 10. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  40. ^ a b Varela Engineering and Management (February 2018). Water System Plan (PDF) (Report). City of Leavenworth. pp. 1–5, 13. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  41. ^ Stang, John (September 15, 2015). "The search for peace on Icicle Creek". Crosscut.com. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  42. ^ Chasan, Daniel Jack (July 17, 2016). "Orchards, wilderness, a mountain town: Who gets the water?". Crosscut.com. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  43. ^ Worthen, Kalie (December 22, 2023). "Department of Ecology, Leavenworth reach settlement over Icicle Creek Basin water rights". The Wenatchee World. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  44. ^ Drago, Kalie (January 14, 2019). "The city prepares to transition trash service". The Leavenworth Echo. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  45. ^ "Accountability Audit Report: Chelan County Public Hospital District No. 1 (Cascade Medical Center)". Washington State Auditor's Office. February 15, 2018. p. 6. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  46. ^ Bigelow, John, ed. (November 1957). Washington Hospitals: A Century of Service, 1858–1958 (PDF). Washington State Hospital Association. p. 41. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  47. ^ a b Irwin, Mike (October 3, 2016). "Smaller health facilities depend dedication of the community". The Wenatchee World. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  48. ^ "State delays decision on hospital satellite". The Wenatchee World. May 29, 1996. p. 10.
  49. ^ Marantos, Jeanette (July 25, 1997). "A chance to smile while in the hospital". The Wenatchee World. p. 14.
  50. ^ Patridge, Michelle (March 25, 1998). "Clinic offers to purchase Cascade Medical: Leavenworth center can't pay its bills". The Wenatchee World. p. 2.
  51. ^ Feeney, Ryan (August 2, 2001). "Clinic buys hospital bed licenses". The Wenatchee World. p. A2.
  52. ^ Steigmeyer, Rick (November 7, 2008). "Man who saved Leavenworth's hospital to retire". The Wenatchee World. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  53. ^ Dunn, Ian (November 17, 2010). "New hospital and clinic now open at CMC". The Leavenworth Echo. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  54. ^ Robbins, Jefferson (November 12, 2011). "Leavenworth hospital revels in its redesign". The Wenatchee World. Retrieved August 25, 2024 – via NewsBank.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leavenworth, Washington.
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