Enstrom 480
| Enstrom 480 | |
|---|---|
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| |
| A Enstrom 480 of the JGSDF | |
| Role | Light helicopter |
| Manufacturer | Enstrom Helicopter Corporation |
| First flight | 7 October 1989 |
| Introduction | 1993 |
| Produced | 1993-present |
| Number built | 142 (as of July 2011) |
| Developed from | Enstrom 280 |
The Enstrom 480 is a small, light helicopter produced by the Enstrom Helicopter Corporation.[1]
Design and development
In the 1980s the Enstrom Helicopter Company was producing two helicopters, both powered by horizontally-opposed piston engines. When the United States Army revealed a requirement for a turbine-powered training helicopter, the company designed a larger, turbine-powered version of its 280 Shark. The proposed unit was designated TH28 (TH for "training helicopter" derived from the 28(0), since the Army's proposal was NTH, "new training helicopter").
The Army contract effort was not successful,[2] but the company effort looked promising enough that management committed to continue with a commercial version, which was introduced in 1993. Its power was provided by the C20W variant of the Rolls-Royce Model 250 turboshaft engine.
Design
The 480 fuselage consists of a welded steel-tube framework with aluminum cover and tailcone. The pilot controls the aircraft from the left seat, which is unusual for helicopters. The aircraft does not have a hydraulic system; a trim system absorbs rotor feedback and allows the pilot to position the desired stick setting.[3] The 480B engine is capable of producing 420 shp, but in this application it is derated to 305 shp for 5 minutes and 277 continuous shp, which is available to 13,000 MSL on a standard day. Thus hot-temperature or high-altitude operations have a considerable degree of power available. The engine drives a three-bladed rotor of 32 feet diameter and a tail rotor of 5 feet diameter. The main rotor and hubs weigh a total of 300 pounds, so there is considerable inertia in the system during a loss of power. Autorotation landings are uneventful.[4]
Variants
- 480
- Five-seat civil version based on the Enstrom TH-28, certified in November 1993.[5]
- 480B
- Enhanced and with increased gross weight (3000 lb) and power limits, certified in February 2001 in the US.[5] and in February 2019 in Canada.[6] The gross weight and useful load were increased by approximately 150 pounds.
- 480B Guardian
- 480B configured for police or law enforcement operations, fitted with a front-mounted camera and searchlight.[7]
- TH-28
- Based on the Enstrom 280FX with a turbine engine, a larger cabin and larger horizontal and vertical stabilizers. Certified in September 1992[5] Military training, light patrol version, six built.
Operators
Civil operators
The aircraft is operated by a large number of small commercial and flight training operators, most operating one or two aircraft.
Military and government operators
- Zambian Air Force - two on order (April 2023)[15]
Former operators
- York Regional Police 2000-2002. One aircraft, retired due to excessive noise.[16]
Specifications (480)
Data from The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003-2004[18]
General characteristics
- Crew: one
- Capacity: four passengers
- Length: 29 ft 10 in (9.09 m)
- Height: 9 ft 7 in (2.92 m)
- Empty weight: 1,675 lb (760 kg)
- Gross weight: 2,850 lb (1,293 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × Rolls-Royce Model 250-C20W turboshaft , 285 hp (215 kW)
- Main rotor diameter: 32 ft 0 in (9.75 m)
- Main rotor area: 804 sq ft (74.7 m2)
Performance
- Cruise speed: 131 mph (211 km/h, 114 kn)
- Range: 435 mi (700 km, 378 nmi)
- Service ceiling: 13,000 ft (3,962 m)
- Rate of climb: 1,500 ft/min (7.62 m/s)
See also
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
References
- ^ Apostolo, Giorgio: The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Helicopters, pages 64-65. Bonanza Books, New York, 1984. ISBN 0-517-43935-2
- ^ Bell Helicopter Company won the bid, with a militarized version of its 206 JetRanger. (Stephen Pope Enstrom 480B, Flying, September 2011, pp. 60-65)
- ^ Failure of the trim system would require a fifteen-pound control force. (Flying, p. 65)
- ^ Flying, p. 62: " . . it was a nonevent that seemed more like a slightly steeper-than-normal approach with a gentle touchdown . ."
- ^ a b c Federal Aviation Administration (23 May 2018). "Type Certificate Data Sheet No. H1CE" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ Drinkwater, Steve (7 February 2019). "Enstrom 480B Helicopter Cleared for Takeoff in Canada". copanational.org. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ Police Chief (magazine) website
- ^ Warnes, Alan (26 June 2018). "Czech CLV flight training centre receives first two Enstrom 480B-Gs". IHS Jane's Defence Weekly. IHS Markit. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
- ^ Drinkwater, Steve (7 February 2019). "Enstrom 480B Helicopter Cleared for Takeoff in Canada". copanational.org. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ "Equatorial Guinea Air Force". Retrieved 12 February 2013.
- ^ "Enstrom History". enstromhelicopter.com. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
- ^ "Enstrom ships second TH-480B for the JGSDF". shephardmedia.com. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
- ^ "Deliveries of Enstrom 480 to Royal Thai Army pass the half-way mark". helihub.com. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
- ^ "World Air Forces 2021". FlightGlobal. 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
- ^ Phelps, Mark (24 April 2023). "Enstrom Inks Deal For Two Helicopters With Zambia's Air Force". AVweb. Archived from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
- ^ Fantauzzi, Joe (6 July 2012). "York Regional Police extends helicopter contract with Vaughan firm". Aurora Banner. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023./
- ^ Rudi, Hanneli. "Politsei sai ohtralt peavalu põhjustanud kopterist lahti". www.postimees.ee (in Estonian). Retrieved 23 June 2018.
- ^ Frawley Civil 2003. p.
- Federal Aviation Authority Type Certificate No.H1CE
- Frawley, Gerard (2003). The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003-2004. Fyshwick, ACT, Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd. p. 44. ISBN 1-875671-58-7.
External links
