Mujangga

In this Manchu name, the given name is Mujangga. In accordance with Manchu custom, it should be used alone or with titles but not with the clan name Gogiya.

Mujangga
Chief Grand Councillor
In office 1836–1850
Preceded by	Pan Shi'en
Succeeded by	Qi Junzao
Grand Councillor
In office 1827 – 1850 (as the Chief Grand Councillor since 1836)
Grand Secretary of the Wenhua Hall
In office 1838–1850
Grand Secretary of the Wuying Hall
In office 1836–1838
Assistant Grand Secretary
In office 1834–1836
Minister of Personnel
In office 25 December 1834 – 30 August 1836 Serving with Tang Jinzhao
Preceded by	Wenfu
Succeeded by	Keying
Minister of Revenue
In office 14 July 1833 – 25 December 1834 Serving with Wang Ding
Preceded by	Xi'en
Succeeded by	Keying
Minister of Works
In office 9 January 1832 – 14 July 1833 Serving with Zhu Shiyan
Preceded by	Fujun
Succeeded by	Boqitu
In office 8 January 1827 – 21 September 1831 Serving with Pan Shi'en
Preceded by	Xi'en
Succeeded by	Fujun
Minister of War
In office 21 September 1830 – 9 January 1831 Serving with Shi Yizhi
Preceded by	Songyun
Succeeded by	Naqing'an
Minister of Lifan Yuan
In office 3 March 1824 – 8 January 1827
Preceded by	Fujun
Succeeded by	Yinghe
Viceroy of the Canal Transport
In office 1826 – 1826 (acting)
Preceded by	Chen Zhongfu
Succeeded by	Nergingge
In office 1825 – 1825 (acting)
Preceded by	Wei Yuanyu
Succeeded by	Chen Zhongfu
Viceroy of Zhili
In office 14 April 1837 – 25 July 1837 (acting)
Preceded by	Keshen
Succeeded by	Keshen (acting)
Personal details
Born	1782
Died	1856(1856-00-00) (aged 73–74)

Mujangga (Manchu: ᠮᡠᠵᠠᠩᡤᠠ, Möllendorff: mujangga; Chinese: 穆彰阿; pinyin: Mùzhāng'ā; Wade–Giles: Mu-chang-a; Jyutping: Muk6jeong1aa3; 1782–1856) was a Manchu statesman of the late Qing dynasty, belonging to the Gogiya (郭佳) clan. He belonged under the Bordered Blue Banner in the Eight Banners. In 1805, he was awarded the jinshi degree, the highest level in the imperial examination and quickly rose in the ranks of the Qing government. He became a member of the Grand Council in 1828 and gradually grew to exercise a decisive influence on the Daoguang Emperor's policies. Following the demise of Cao Zhenyong, Mujangga became the chief Grand Councillor in 1837. As tensions in Sino-British relations rose in 1839, he became one of the chief advocates of a conciliatory policy towards the British and following the outbreak of the First Opium War, he moved to dismiss Lin Zexu from his position as imperial commissioner in September 1840. Around 1845 he was President of the Hanlin Academy. Mujangga's conciliatory policies created tensions with the allegedly more xenophobic heir apparent, and following his accession to the throne as the Xianfeng Emperor, Mujangga was dismissed from all his positions in 1851.

Mujangga was the teacher of Zeng Guofan — a young Chinese statesman, Confucian scholar, and future general of the Xiang Army during the Taiping Rebellion who later became a mentor to Li Hongzhang, a future diplomat of the Qing Dynasty and trade minister of the Beiyang Navy.

Further reading

• Crossley, Pamela Kyle. Orphan Warriors: Three Manchu Generations and the End of the Qing World, page 256. Princeton University Press, 1990.
• Hummel, Arthur W. Sr., ed. (1943). "Mu-chang-a" . Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office.