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Badminton House

Coordinates: 51°32′42″N 2°16′50″W / 51.5449°N 2.2805°W / 51.5449; -2.2805
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Badminton House
TypeCountry house
LocationBadminton, Gloucestershire
Coordinates51°32′42″N 2°16′50″W / 51.5449°N 2.2805°W / 51.5449; -2.2805
Builtc.1660-1750 with earlier elements
ArchitectFrancis Smith of Warwick, James Gibbs, William Kent
Architectural style(s)Palladian
Governing bodyDuke of Beaufort
Listed Building – Grade I
Official nameBadminton House
Designated17 September 1952
Reference no.1320832
Listed Building – Grade I
Official nameWorcester Lodge
Designated5 September 1954
Reference no.1349715
Listed Building – Grade II*
Official nameOrangery, 50 yards southeast of Church of St Michael and All Angels
Designated17 September 1952
Reference no.1129313
Listed Building – Grade II*
Official nameCastle barn, flanking dovecotes and screen walls
Designated10 November 1983
Reference no.1129344
Listed Building – Grade II*
Official nameLaundry and dairy house 30 yards west of Badminton House
Designated10 November 1983
Reference no.1129315
Badminton House is located in Gloucestershire
Badminton House
Location of Badminton House in Gloucestershire

Badminton House is a large country house and Grade I Listed Building[1] in Badminton, Gloucestershire, England, which has been the principal seat of the Dukes of Beaufort since the late 17th century. The house, which has given its name to the sport of badminton, is set among 52,000 acres of land. The gardens and park surrounding the house are listed at Grade I on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.[2]

History

In 1612 Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester, bought from Nicholas Boteler his manors of Great and Little Badminton, called 'Madmintune' [sic] in the Domesday Book of 1086, while one century earlier the name 'Badimyncgtun' was recorded,[3][4] held by that family since 1275. Edward Somerset's third son Sir Thomas Somerset modernized the old house in the late 1620s, and had a new T-shaped gabled range built. Evidence suggests he also had the present north and west fronts built up.

The Dukes of Beaufort acquired the property in the late 17th century, when the family moved from Raglan Castle, Monmouthshire, which had been ruined in the Civil War. The third duke adapted Sir Thomas Somerset's house by incorporating his several gabled ranges around the courtyard and extending the old house eastwards to provide a new set of domestic apartments. He had a grand Jonesian centrepiece raised on the north front. The two-bay flanking elevations were five storeys high, reduced to three storeys in 1713.[3] Their domed crowning pavilions are by James Gibbs.

For the fourth duke, who succeeded his brother in 1745, the architect William Kent renovated and extended the house in the Palladian style, but many earlier elements remain.[5] The duke was instrumental in bringing the Venetian artist Canaletto to England: Canaletto's two views of Badminton remain in the house.[6]

Connections

Whether or not the sport of badminton was re-introduced from British India or was invented during the hard winter of 1863 by the children of the eighth duke in the Great Hall (where the featherweight shuttlecock would not mar the life-size portraits of horses by John Wootton, as the tradition of the house has it),[7] it was popularised at the house, hence the sport's name.[8]

Queen Mary stayed at Badminton House for much of World War II. Her staff occupied most of the building, to the Duke and Duchess of Beaufort's inconvenience. Afterward, when the Duchess of Beaufort, who was Queen Mary's niece, was asked in which part of the great house the Queen had resided, she responded "She lived in all of it."[9]

In the later 20th century, Badminton House became best known for the annual Badminton Horse Trials held there since 1949.[10] Badminton House has also been strongly associated with fox hunting.[10] Successive Dukes of Beaufort have been masters of the Beaufort Hunt, one of the two most famous hunts in the United Kingdom alongside the Quorn Hunt.

Weddings and parties can be booked at Badminton House. Occasionally, houses and cottage on the estate can be rented. The estate was the location for some scenes of the films The Remains of the Day, 28 Days Later and Pearl Harbor, and of the Netflix series Bridgerton, Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story and The Gentlemen.[11]

Associated buildings

Except for the Grade I listed parish church and Worcester Lodge, all structures named below are Grade II* listed.

Parish church

Adjacent to Badminton House is the Grade I listed parish church of St Michael and All Angels, built in 1785. It serves as the principal burial place of the Somerset family; nearly all Dukes and Duchesses of Beaufort are interred here.[12]

Domestic buildings

  • The 11-bay orangery of 1711 by Thomas Bateman[13]
  • An early 18th century laundry in Queen Anne style, now a house[14]
  • A similar brewery, also now a house[15]
  • The servants' wing southwest of the house, three ranges, late 17th century, altered and extended in the 19th[16]
  • Stables, barns and blacksmith's shop forming the four sides of the stable court, 1878, possibly by T. H. Wyatt[17]

Worcester Lodge

Worcester Lodge

At the north entrance to the park, near the Tetbury road and reached from the house by the Three Mile Ride, the Grade I listed Worcester Lodge was designed in 1746 by William Kent. The part-rusticated main block has four storeys. Over the high central archway is a dining room with generous windows and balustraded balconies; a pediment bears the Beaufort arms and the roof is partly domed. The room has a plaster ceiling by Kent, depicting fruit and flowers of the four seasons, described as very fine by Historic England. Kent also designed the convex mirror with a sunburst pattern. Outside, the ornamental flanking quadrant walls on both sides finish at small pavilions.[18]

Other estate buildings

Several buildings and follies were designed by Thomas Wright of Durham, around 1750.

  • West of the house, Castle Barn is a castellated range of buildings including a barn and two flanking dovecote towers[19]
  • In the deer park, the park-keeper's house is styled as a rustic cottage, one storey with attics[20]
  • Nearby, the Hermit's Cell or Root House is a small square wooden building with a thatched roof[21]
  • Lower Slait Lodge, at the northwest entrance, has two storeys in Gothic style with four hexagonal corner turrets[22]
  • Set on a motte at the end of a main drive from Badminton House is the folly known as Ragged Castle, now roofless and a building at risk[23][24]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Historic England. "Badminton House (1320832)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  2. ^ Historic England, "Badminton House (park and garden) (1000561)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 14 June 2020
  3. ^ a b Harris, Badminton Guide Book.
  4. ^ Mills, A. D. (2003). A Dictionary of British Place-Names. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-852758-6.
  5. ^ Great Badminton Conservation Area - South Gloucestershire Council Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Hugh Montgomery-Mass, Christopher Simon Sykes, Great Houses of England & Wales 1994:219ff.
  7. ^ Montgomery-Mass and Sykes 1994:219.
  8. ^ "History of badminton". BBC News. 21 September 2005.
  9. ^ Montgomery-Mass and Sykes 1994:228.
  10. ^ a b Vickers, Hugo (15 November 2018). "A Life in Focus: Caroline, the Duchess of Beaufort". The Independent. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  11. ^ Is There Really a Duke of Halstead? - website of the lifestyle magazine Town & Country
  12. ^ "St. Michael & All Angels, Great Badminton". The Badminton Benefice. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  13. ^ Historic England. "Orangery (1129313)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  14. ^ Historic England. "Laundry and dairy house (1129315)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  15. ^ Historic England. "Pond Cottage (1129316)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  16. ^ Historic England. "Badminton House Servants Wing (1129318)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  17. ^ Historic England. "Single storey ranges, barn and covered way enclosing four sides of Court Yard at Stable Court to Badminton Rouse (1320860)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  18. ^ Historic England. "Worcester Lodge to Badminton Park, with flanking quadrant walls and terminal pavilions (1153252)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  19. ^ Historic England. "Castle Barn, flanking dovecotes and screen walls (1129344)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  20. ^ Historic England. "Park Keeper's House, and workshop wing to east (1155297)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  21. ^ Historic England. "Hermit's Cell or The Root House (1320851)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  22. ^ Historic England. "Lower Slait Lodge (1129323)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  23. ^ "Ragged Castle". Heritage At Risk Register. English Heritage. 2010. Archived from the original on 26 August 2011.
  24. ^ Historic England. "Ragged Castle or Keeper's Lodge (1156209)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 September 2015.

References

  • Harris, John, Badminton Guide Book; The Duke of Beaufort His House, Bas Printers
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