Evarcha striolata
Taxonomy and etymology
Evarcha striolata is a species of jumping spider, a member of the family Salticidae, that was first described by the arachnologists Wanda Wesołowska and Charles Haddad in 2009.[1] Named for a Latin word for a "striped", it was one of over 500 species identified by the Polish arachnologist Wesołowska during her career, making her one of the most prolific in the field.[2][3] They allocated it to the genus Evarcha, which had been first circumscribed by Eugène Simon in 1902.[4]
The genus is closely related to the genera Hyllus and Plexippus.[5] Analysis of protein-coding genes showed it was particularly related to Telamonia.[6] In 2016, Jerzy Prószyński added the genus to a group of genera named Evarchines, named after the genus, along with Hasarinella and Nigorella based on similarities in the spiders' copulatory organs.[7]
Prószyński placed the spider in a new genus Evacin in 2018 based on its copulatory organs and the way that they differ from other Evarcha spiders.[8] The new genus name is a combination of Evacha and flavocin.[9] This designation is not widely accepted and the species remains in the Evarcha genus in the World Spider Catalog.[1][10]
Description
Evarcha striolata is a medium-sized spider with looks that are typical for the genus. It has a body divided into two main parts: a rectangular cephalothorax and thinner, more oval abdomen.{[11] The male has a carapace, the hard upper side of the cephalothorax, that is typically 2.1 mm (0.08 in) long and 1.6 mm (0.06 in) wide. Generally rather high with a sharply sloping back.it is generally dark orange and hairless with dark rings around the eyes. There are a few delicate bristles near the front eyes. The underside of the cephalothorax, or sternum, is dark yellow. The spider's clypeus, or face, is low and is decorated with a scattering of delicate hairs. The mouthparts, including the chelicerae, labium and maxillae, are dark yellow.[2]
References
Citations
- ^ a b World Spider Catalog (2017). "Evarcha striolata Wesolowska& Haddad, 2009". World Spider Catalog. 18.0. Bern: Natural History Museum. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
- ^ a b Wesołowska & Haddad 2009, p. 35.
- ^ Wiśniewski 2020, p. 6.
- ^ Wesołowska & Haddad 2009, p. 28.
- ^ Maddison, Bodner & Needham 2008, p. 56.
- ^ Maddison & Hedin 2003, p. 536.
- ^ Prószyński 2017, p. 51.
- ^ Prószyński 2018, p. 142.
- ^ Prószyński 2018, p. 141.
- ^ Kropf et al. 2019, p. 445.
- ^ Wesołowska & Haddad 2009, p. 95.
Bibliography
- Haddad, Charles R.; Wesołowska, Wanda (2011). "New species and new records of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from central South Africa". African Invertebrates. 52 (1): 51–134. doi:10.5733/afin.052.0105. S2CID 86586010.
- Kropf, Christian; Blick, Theo; Brescovit, Antonio D.; Chatzaki, Maria; Dupérré, Nadine; Gloor, Daniel; Haddad, Charles R.; Harvey, Mark S.; Jäger, Peter; Marusik, Yuri M.; Ono, Hirotsugu; Rheims, Cristina A.; Nentwig, Wolfgang (2019). "How not to delimit taxa: a critique on a recently proposed "pragmatic classification" of jumping spiders (Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Salticidae)". Zootaxa. 4545 (3): 444–446. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4545.3.10.
- Maddison, Wayne P. (2015). "A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)". The Journal of Arachnology. 43 (3): 231–292. doi:10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292. S2CID 85680279.
- Maddison, Wayne P.; Bodner, Melissa R.; Needham, Karen M. (2008). "Salticid spider phylogeny revisited, with the discovery of a large Australasian clade (Araneae: Salticidae)". Zootaxa. 1893: 49–64. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1893.1.3.
- Maddison, Wayne P .; Hedin, Marshal C. (2003). "Jumping spider phylogeny (Araneae: Salticidae)". Invertebrate Systematics. 17 (4): 529–549. doi:10.1071/IS02044.
- Prószyński, Jerzy (2017). "Pragmatic classification of the World's Salticidae (Araneae)". Ecologica Montenegrina. 12: 1–133. doi:10.37828/em.2017.12.1.
- Prószyński, Jerzy (2018). "Review of genera Evarcha and Nigorella, with comments on Emertonius, Padilothorax [sic], Stagetillus, and description of five new genera and two new species (Araneae: Salticidae)". Ecologica Montenegrina. 16: 130–179. doi:10.37828/em.2018.16.12.
- Rößler, Daniela C.; De Agrò, Massimo; Biundo, Elia; Shamble, Paul S. (2021). "Hanging by a thread: unusual nocturnal resting behaviour in a jumping spider". Frontiers in Zoology. 18 (23): 1–9. doi:10.1186/s12983-021-00410-3. hdl:11382/559857.
- Wesołowska, Wanda; Haddad, Charles R. (2009). "Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) of the Ndumo Game Reserve, Maputaland, South Africa". African Invertebrates. 50 (1): 13–103. Bibcode:2009AfrIn..50...13W. doi:10.5733/afin.050.0102. S2CID 85322962.
- Wesołowska, Wanda; Haddad, Charles R. (2013). "New data on the jumping spiders of South Africa (Araneae: Salticidae)". African Invertebrates. 54 (1): 177–240. doi:10.5733/afin.054.0111. S2CID 59450669.
- Wiśniewski, Konrad (2020). "Over 40 years with jumping spiders: on the 70th birthday of Wanda Wesołowska". Zootaxa. 4899 (1): 5–14. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4899.1.3. PMID 33756825. S2CID 232337200.
- Wolff, Jonas O.; Gorb, Stanislav N. (2012). "Comparative morphology of pretarsal scopulae in eleven spider families". Arthropod Structure & Development. 41 (5): 419–433. Bibcode:2012ArtSD..41..419W. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2012.04.004. PMID 22579848.