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Rajaram Jain

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Professor

Rajaram Jain
Rajaram Jain in 2024
Rajaram Jain in 2024
BornFebruary 1, 1929
Malthone, Madhya Pradesh
OccupationIndologist, Epigraphist, Linguist, Author, Scholar
NationalityIndian
Notable works
SpouseProf. Dr. Vidyawati Jain
Children4

Rajaram Jain (born February 1, 1929) is an Indologist, a philologist, author and a scholar of Prakrit, Apabhramsha, Sanskrit, Hindi and Shauraseni Prakrit languages. He is best known for his critical studies and Hindi translations of rare, unpublished manuscripts, particularly his extensive research work on the 14th -15th- century poet Raidhu, often regarded as the Shakespeare of Apabhraṃśa literature. Jain's scholarly work has significantly enriched the understanding of Indo-Aryan literature, solidifying Raidhu's status as a literary giant. In 2024, the Government of India honoured Rajaram Jain[1][2][3][4] with the Padma Shri,[5] India's fourth-highest civilian honor, for his contributions to literature and education.

Early life

Rajaram Jain was born on February 1, 1928, in Malthon, Sagar district, Bundelkhand, Madhya Pradesh, India. Despite significant economic challenges and the early loss of his parents, he completed his education. He graduated from Banaras Hindu University in 1951, earned a Master's degree in Hindi literature in 1954, and later obtained an Acharya degree in Sanskrit.

Personal Life

Rajaram Jain with his wife, Vidyawati Jain in 2018

In 1955, Rajaram Jain married Vidyawati Jain,[6][7] who was 18 and had a 9th-grade education. Despite her traditional upbringing that limited women's education, she resumed her studies after marriage, eventually earning two M.A. degrees (Hindi and Prakrit with a Gold medal), a Ph.D., and a D.Litt. Vidyawati Jain authored 17 books and numerous research articles, Rajaram Jain played a pivotal role in encouraging and supporting her academic and literary pursuits.

Career

Prof. Jain began his academic career in 1955 as a lecturer in the Hindi Department at Government College, Shahdol district, Madhya Pradesh. Driven by a strong passion ancient Indian literature, he resigned and joined Prakrit Shodh Sansthan,[8] Vaishali (ancient city), Bihar, in 1956. He completed his M.A. in Prakrit language from Bihar University in 1958. Also, he participated in Vaishali excavation program with Dr. Hiralal Jain and Anant Sadashiv Altekar in 1958-1960.

Rajaram Jain with Anant Sadashiv Altekar and Dr. Hiralal Jain at Vaishali Excavation site in 1958

In 1961, he joined the Sanskrit and Prakrit Department at H.D. Jain College,[9] Magadh University, Arrah, Bihar, later he served as Head of the Department. In 1967, he earned his Ph.D. with a critical study of 22 rare unpublished Apabhramsha epics by the poet Raidhu, titled "Raidhu Sahitya ka Alochanatmaka Parishilana[10]"[11][12][13][14][15] which gained global academic recognition. Besides teaching, Jain[16] has been associated with various educational bodies, including University Grants Commission (India), National Council of Educational Research and Training, Moortidevi Awards[17] committee (Bharatiya Jnanpith) and several universities.

As Hon. Director of 'D. K. Jain Oriental Research Institute'[18][19] Ara, Bihar (1979–2003), he carried out extensive research and edited/published the research magazine - 'JAINA ANTIQUARY',[20][21] managing a collection of over 7000 rare manuscripts from all over the world.

Jain[22] served as President of the Ara Nagari Pracharini Sabha (1983–2003), promoting Devanagari script and Hindi language; and edited the research journal series 'SHODH'.

In 1991, he became the Director of Shri Kundkund Bharati Prakrit Shodh Sansthan,[23] New Delhi, where he edited and published the research magazine series PRAKRIT VIDYA'.[24][25][26] He is currently an associate member[27] of the Centre of Jaina Studies, University of London,[28][29][30] and the President of Shri Ganesh Varni Sansthan,[31][32] Varanasi.

Beyond his academic pursuits, Rajaram Jain was actively participated in the freedom struggle of India and was imprisoned in the 1940s.

Academic Recognition

Rajaram Jain receiving The Institut de France's Colette Caillat Prize for his book 'Sirival Cariu' in 2018
File:Itihas Ratna award.jpg
Rajaram Jain receiving Jain Itihas Ratna from B. D. Jatti in 1974

In 2018, Rajaram Jain received the prestigious 'Colette Caillat Foundation Award[33]' from the Institut de France, Paris, for his book 'Sirival Chariu',[34][35][36][37][38] a critical edition and Hindi translation of the 15th-century Apabhramsha epic by poet Raidhu, highlighting India's trade relations with foreign countries. In 1974, he was honored with the Jain Itihas Ratna[39] award from B.D.Jatti for 'Vaddhamanacariu[40][41]', a significant 12th-century literary and cultural masterpiece. Jain's scholarly pursuits include Joni Pahud[42] , a pioneering study deciphering a 1st-Cen. Prakrit manuscript revealing medico-tantric insights. Additionally, his collaborative work Pasnaha Cariu[43][44] delves into 12th-century manuscripts, providing the first reference to Delhi as Dhilli and detailing the reign of Tribhuvanpati Tomar, shedding light on Delhi's pre-Sultanate history with critical editions and Hindi translations enriched by exhaustive research and analysis.

Awards, Honours and Recognitions

Rajaram Jain receiving Padma Shri from Droupadi Murmu, the President of India. May9,2024

Rajaram Jain has received numerous awards for his contributions in the field of literature. Notable among them are:

Civilian honours

National honours

Rajaram Jain receiving 'Presidential Award of Certificate of Honour'[46] in 2000 from K. R. Narayanan, the President of India
  • 2000 - Presidential Award of Certificate of Honour[46][47][48]" from the Government of India
  • 1974 - Jain Itihas Ratna[39] by the B.D.Jatti
  • 2005 - D.Litt. (Honoris Causa) from Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri National Sanskrit University[49]
  • 2019 - Honored with a FESTSCHRIFT titled: 'Prakrit Purush'; a memoirs containing articles, essays.

International honours

  • 2018 - Colette Caillat Foundation Award[33]'[50] from Institut de France, Paris
  • 2007 - Prakrit Jnanabharati International Award[51][52][53]
  • 1997 - Ahimsa International Award[54]

Publications

Rajaram Jain has authored 40 books and over 250 articles on various aspects of Ancient and medieval life. His works include critical editions, annotated translations and commentaries on rare, unpublished manuscripts:

Critical Edition and Translation of Poet Raidhu's work

A partial list of published works on Raidhu includes:

  • Raidhu Sahitya ka Alochanatmaka-Parishilana (1974); 824 Pages; Prakrta Jaina Shashtra Aur Ahimsa Shodha Sansthan, Vaishali, Bihar
  • Siddhantatthasaro (2021); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; ISBN 978-93-90659-57-9
  • Jimandhar Jin Chariu (2021); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; ISBN 978-93-90659-56-2
  • Appa-Samvohkavva (2021); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; ISBN 978-93-86402-64-6
  • Risahputta-Bharah-Bahubali-Chariu (2021): Published in 2020; Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; ISBN 978-93-87919-87-7
  • Mehesar Chariu (2019); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; ISBN  978-93-87-919-23-5
  • Sirival Chariu (2017); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; ISBN 978-93-263-5592-6
  • Riṭthaṇemi Chariu (2016); Meenakshi Prakashan, Meerut
  • Siri Ram Chariu (2011); Research Institute of Prakrit, Jainology & Ahimsa in Vaishali, Bihar ISBN: 987-93-81403-05-1
  • Sanmati Charit (2010); Research Institute of Prakrit, Jainology & Ahimsa in Vaishali, Bihar; ISBN 978-81-904865-9-0
  • Jambu-Sami Chariu (2008); Om Kothari Foundation, New Delhi
  • Vittasaro  (2006); Vidya Bhushan Charitable Trust, New Delhi
  • Puṇyāsrava-kathā  (2000); Śrī Digambara Jaina Sāhitya-Saṃskr̥ti Saṃrakshaṇa Samiti, Delhi
  • Bhadrabāhu-Cāṇakya-Candragupta-kathānaka evaṃ Rājā Kalki-varṇana (1982); Sri Ganesha Varni Di. Jaina Samsthana, Varanasi
  • Raidhu Granthavali Vol1[55][56](1975) Sholapur Jaina Samskrti Samraksaka Samgha - Pasnah Chariu - Sukosala Chariu - Dhannakumar Chariu
  • Raidhu Granthavali[57] Vol 2 (1988); Sholapur Jaina Samskrti Samraksaka Samgha - Sammai-Jina-chariu

Other Works

  • Jony-Pahuda (2018); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; ISBN  978-93-87-919-23-5
  • Pasanaha Chariu (2006); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi; ISBN 81-263-1200-9
  • Vaddhmanchariu (1975); Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi
  • Prākr̥ta-bhāshā evaṃ śramaṇa-saṃskr̥ti kī vyāpakatā (2019); Prakrit Bharti Academy, Jaipur
  • Bhavishya Datta Kavya (2015); Sri Bharatavarsiya Digambara Jaina Mahasabha, New Delhi
  • Jain Literature -The Incredible Treasure of Ancient Knowledge and Science (2015); Prachya Shraman Bharti, Muzaffarnagar (U.P.)
  • Contribution of Prakrit & Jain Literature to Indian Orientology– An Overview  (2010); Jain Anushilana Kendra, Jaipur, Rajasthan
  • Shauseni Prakrit Bhasha Evum Uske Sahitya ka sankshipta Itihaas  (2010); Jain Anushilana Kendra, Jaipur, Rajasthan
  • Jaina Manuscripts and Inscriptions-An Overview (2007); Sri Ganesha Varni Di. Jaina Samsthana, Varanasi; ISBN 81-86957-48-0
  • Ahimsa Evam Paryaavaran Sanrakshan Siddhaanton Ka Akshay Shrot (2007); Mr. Mohanlal Chandravati Jain Charitable Trust, Delhi
  • Mahameru Acharya Kundakunda, an East Indian Knowledge-Science (Kannada) (2006); NIPSAR, Mysore, Karnataka
  • Shaurseni Prakrit & its Literature (2002); Govt. of India Registration No. 48869/89
  • Prachya Bhartiya Gyan-Vigyan ke Mahameru Acharya Kundkund (1989); Prachyabharati Prakashan, Ara, Bihar
  • Hindi Ke Prasiddha Lokkavi (1988); Dilli Siksha Bharati
  • Contribution of Jaina Literature to the Development of Indian Culture Vol. 1 (1982); Krishna Nagar Jaina Samaj, Delhi. Author: Nemichand Shastri, Ed: Rajaram Jain, Devendra Kr. Shastri
  • Contribution of Jaina Literature to the Development of Indian Culture Vol. 2 (1982); Krishna Nagar Jaina Samaj, Delhi. Author: Nemichand Shastri, Ed: Rajaram Jain, Devendra Kr. Shastri
  • Shraman-sahitya men varnit Bihar ki kuchh jain tirthabhumiyan (1975); Bhagavan Mahavir, Gaya, Bihar

References

  1. ^ "List of Padma Shri award recipients (2020–2029)". Wikipedia.
  2. ^ Bureau, Times of India (25 January 2024). "95-yr-old gets Padma Shri for Research on Ancient Scripts". The Times of India. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ^ Bureau, Baten UP Ki (27 January 2024). "यूपी का नाम रोशन करने वाली 12 हस्तियां होंगी सम्मानित". बातें यूपी की. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  4. ^ "Padma Awards 2024". Ministry of Home Affairs. January 2024.
  5. ^ "Padma Awards 2024 P.4" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 25 January 2024.
  6. ^ Jain, Vidyawati. "Devidas Vilas". Jain Quantum. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  7. ^ Jain, Vidyawati. "Publications". Ganesh Varni Digambar Jain Sansthan, Varanasi.
  8. ^ "Prakrit Jain Shashtra and Ahinsha Shodh Sansthan, Basokund, Muzaffarpur. | Raj Bhavan, Bihar | India".
  9. ^ "Har Prasad Jain College,Ara,Bhojpur,Bihar : hdjaincollege.org". www.hdjaincollege.org.
  10. ^ Jaina, Rājārāma. "रइधू साहित्य का आलोचनात्मक-परिशीलन". (No Title) – via cir.nii.ac.jp.
  11. ^ Granoff, Phyllis (22 Apr 2014). "Mountains of Eternity: Raidhū and the Colossal Jinas of Gwalior. Ref. Rajaram Jain on Pg. 2, 3, 20". Internet Archive Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 2014-04-22.
  12. ^ Jaina, Rājārāma (1974). Raidhū sāhitya kā ālocanātmaka-pariśīlana (in Hindi). Prākr̥ta, Jainaśāstra, aura Ahiṃsā Śodha-Saṃsthāna.
  13. ^ Sohini Sarah Pillai, Nell Shapiro Hawley (2021). "Many Mahābhāratas". EBIN.
  14. ^ Bangha, Imre (Oct 2014). "Early Hindi Epic Poetry in Gwalior, Ref. Rajaram Jain P.3".
  15. ^ Bangha, Imre (2014). "Early Hindi Epic Poetry in Gwalior, Pg3". ResearchGate.
  16. ^ Shri Atmanandji, Shraddheya (2015). "Contemporary Jain Legends, Ref. Rajaram Jain P.174" (PDF). The Jain Foundation.
  17. ^ "Jnanpith | Awards". www.jnanpith.net.
  18. ^ Jain, Dinendra Chandra (26 Jan 1980). Economic Life in Ancient India As Depicted in Jain Canonical Literature, Ref. Rajaram Jain Pg.Xii. Research Institute of Prakrit, Jainology and Ahimsa, Vaishali Bihar.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  19. ^ Jain, Dinendra Chandra (26 Jan 1980). "Economic Life in Ancient India as Depicted in Jain Canonical Literature, Ref. Raja ram Jain, D K Jain Oriental Research Institute, P. Xii" (PDF). IGNCA.
  20. ^ "Jaina antiquary". Śrī Devakumāra Jaina Oriyaṇṭala Risarca Insṭīcyūṭa. June 17, 1995 – via Google Books.
  21. ^ Jain, Rajaram (1997–1998). "Pandulipiyan Aur unka Mahatva Pg.1-10, The Jaina Antiquary Vol 50" (PDF). Shri Jain Siddhant Bhaskar.
  22. ^ "International School for Jain Studies". ISJS. January 2024.
  23. ^ "Kund Kund Bharti – जय जिनेन्द्र".
  24. ^ Jain, Rajaram. "Apbhramsha Bhasha Evum Uske Kuch Prachin Sandarbh, Pg34". Prakrit Vidya Oct-Dec 2000.
  25. ^ Jain, Rajaram. "Prakrit Vidya. Uttar Madhyakalin Itihas, Sahitya Evum Kala ka Sangam Teerth Gopachal P.22, Book Review P.90" (PDF). Prakrit Vidya January-June 2003.
  26. ^ Jain, Pankaj (2023). "Modern Jainism: A Historical Approach, ref. Rajaram Jain's articles published in Prakrit Vidya". Dokumen Pub.
  27. ^ Jain, Rajaram (2019). "Associate Member of SOAS, University of London". Academia.
  28. ^ "Centre of Jaina Studies | SOAS". www.soas.ac.uk.
  29. ^ "CoJS Newsletter, UK" (PDF). SOAS, Univ. of London. June 2022. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
  30. ^ Jain, Rajaram (2022). "Associate Members of the Centre of Jaina Studies". SOAS Univ. of London.
  31. ^ "Publications – Shri Ganesh Varni Digambar Jain Sansthan".
  32. ^ "Rajaram Jain-Padmashri | President of Shri Ganesh Varni Sansthan". 15 February 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  33. ^ a b "Palmarès 2018".
  34. ^ Jain, Rajaram (3 Jan 2011). "Svasti - Essays in Honour of Prof. Hampa Nagarajaiah: सिरिवालचरिउ एक दुर्लभ पाण्डुलिपि". HereNow4U.
  35. ^ Jain, Rajaram (2018). "Institut de France's Colette Caillat Award for Sirival Cariu Pg4" (PDF). ACADÉMIE DES INSCRIPTIONS ET BELLES-LETTRES.
  36. ^ "Raja Ram Jain Sirival Cariu Pg1". PARCOURIR LES COLLECTIONS. Dec 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  37. ^ Jain, Rajaram (2011). "Sirival Cariu P.6" (PDF). Zurich Open Repository and Archive. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  38. ^ Jain, Rajaram (2010). "Sirival Cariu Ek Durlabh Pandulipi Pg. 187, Essays in Honour of Prof. Hampa Nagarajaiah". Academia.edu.
  39. ^ a b "Dr. Raja Ram Jain".
  40. ^ "Vaḍḍhamaṇacariu : Bāravīṃ sadīkī Apabhraṃśa-bhāshāmeṃ sarvaprathama svatantra rūpameṃ nibadha Bhagavān Mahāvīrakā jīvana-carita | WorldCat.org". search.worldcat.org.
  41. ^ Jain, Rajaram (2012). "Vadmancharayu". Digital Library Of India. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  42. ^ "Joṇī-pāhuḍa = Yoni-prābhr̥ta | WorldCat.org". search.worldcat.org.
  43. ^ Jain, Dr Rajaram. "Pasnah Chariu | Read jain books online at Jainebooks.org". jainebooks.org.
  44. ^ Clercq, Eva De (2010). "ON JAINA APABHRAṂŚA PRAŚASTIS, Pg. 6". ACADEMIA.
  45. ^ "The Gazette of India, Padma awards, Pg 9" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India. 9 May 2024.
  46. ^ a b "Presidential Award of Certificate".
  47. ^ "President Award 2000 Section". Central Sanskrit University.
  48. ^ "President's award for Rajaram Jain P1" (PDF). Jain Ahimsa Times. February 2001.
  49. ^ "Convocation | Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri National Sanskrit University".
  50. ^ "Institut de France's award to Rajaram Jain for book Sirival Cariu P.4" (PDF). ACADÉMIE DES INSCRIPTIONS ET BELLES-LETTRES. December 2018.
  51. ^ "Prakrit Jñānabhārati International Award 2007-Rajaram Jain". HereNow4U. 30 June 2010.
  52. ^ "CoJS Workshop At SOAS, Univ. of London, Prākṛta Jñānabhāratī International Award News". HereNow4U. 20 June 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  53. ^ "Prakrit Jnanabharati International Award 2007 to Rajaram Jain". HereNow4U. 1 July 2010.
  54. ^ "Ahimsa Foundation, India ( WWW.JAINSAMAJ.ORG ) - Information Source about Jain History, Philosophy,Tirthankars, Community, Temples, Literature & much more". www.jainsamaj.org.
  55. ^ Raidhū-granthāvalī: Pāsaṇāhacariu, Dhaṇṇakumāracariu, Sukosalacariu. Jaina-Saṃskr̥ti-Saṃrakshaka-saṅgha. 1975.
  56. ^ DE CLERCQ, EVA (2010). "ON JAINA APABHRAṂŚA PRAŚASTIS, Ref. Raidhu Granthavali P100". Academia.
  57. ^ Bajpai, K.D. (2006). History of Gopāchala, Ref. Raidhu Granthavali P100. Bharatiya Jnanpith. ISBN 978-81-263-1155-2.
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